Macroeconomics Theory II
|
|
- Richard Curtis
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Macroeconomics Theory II Francesco Franco FEUNL February 2011 Francesco Franco Macroeconomics Theory II 1/34
2 The log-linear plain vanilla RBC and ν(σ n )= ĉ t = Y C ẑt +(1 α) Y C ˆn t + K βc ˆk t 1 + K C ˆk t ˆr t = (1 β(1 δ)) ẑ t (1 α)(ˆk t 1 ˆn t ) ˆn t = ν(σ n ) ẑ t + αˆk t 1 ĉ t 0 = E t ( ĉ t+1 +ˆr t+1 ) ẑ t = ρẑ t 1 + t 1 N N σ n 1+α 1 N N σ n measures the responsiveness of labor to shocks that change the real wage or consumption taking into account that the real wage changes with the labor supply Francesco Franco Macroeconomics Theory II 2/34
3 Properties of the model Three crucial parameters that control the extent of the amplification effect are: the elasticity of the labor supply to the real wage: 1 N N The persistence of the exogenous shock: ρ The elasticity of intertemporal substitution: σ σ n Francesco Franco Macroeconomics Theory II 3/34
4 Properties of the model Figure: Simple RBC, σ = 1,σ n = 0.1,ρ= 0.97 Francesco Franco Macroeconomics Theory II 4/34
5 Properties of the model Figure: Simple RBC, σ = 1,σ n = 3,ρ= 0.1 Francesco Franco Macroeconomics Theory II 5/34
6 Properties of the data Francesco Franco Macroeconomics Theory II 6/34
7 Calibrating the RBC The stochastic TFP shock can be extracted from the empirical Solow residual using ln(sr t )=ln(y t ) (1 α)ln(n t ) αln(k t ) Then assuming that ln(sr t )=ln(z t )+(1 α)ln(t t ),where ln(t t )=ln(t t 1 )+γ one can extract the estimated AR(1) process for log(z t ). Rebelo and King (1999) find ρ = and standard deviation of $ 0("+'1#363#7!8"%"9 (/)3+'$%" $*+,'#-'# % & 0/(1/*# ' "& "% '$()$( 4%+5$6("7"(8 "$ "# %( )& )( $& $( (& (( #& #( *&.$#/ Francesco Franco Macroeconomics Theory II 7/34 9+(&, :,;)-& )&%"+5 "/ +*%(,+ " +**$,%- <-- 7,%",=-&/,%& 5&(%&35&5 $/"3# Figure: Solow residual quarterly
8 Calibrating the RBC How to choose reasonable set of parameters: 1 microeconomic empirical studies 2 long-run properties of the economy For example choose the discount factor so that the steady state real interest rate coincides with the average return to capital in the economy1 = β R, or in a Cobb-Douglas α will be the share of capital in value added which is tipycally 1/3 Figure: Standard parameters Francesco Franco Macroeconomics Theory II 8/34
9 Results Figure: Standard calibration of RBC Francesco Franco Macroeconomics Theory II 9/34
10 Results Figure: Model results Francesco Franco Macroeconomics Theory II 10/34
11 Evaluation Output is not as persistent in the model as much as in the data: the model lacks a propagation mechanism The standard deviation of total hours in the model is lower than the standard deviation of output, while in the data they have similar magnitude The fluctuation in hours in data can mostly be accounted for by fluctuations in employment, the extensive margin, as opposed to the fluctuations in hours per worker, the intensive margin, (Gary Hansen, (1985), and Rogerson, (1988)) Average labor productivity is highly procyclical in the model, but is much less procyclical in the data Francesco Franco Macroeconomics Theory II 11/34
12 Evaluation The correlation between hours worked and productivity in the model is well above 0.90, while in the data it is very close to 0 Wages in the data fluctuate substantially less than hours and output, and earnings are not correlated with output. Wages are highly procyclical in the model The standard RBC model is unable to generate comovement, when interpreted as a two sector model with a consumption sector and an investment sector One of the maintained assumption of the standard RBC model is that the technology shock is exogenous. However, the Solow residual, which is the corresponding data statistic for the technology shock, is not exogenous in the data (Hall, 1988). It is correlated with military expenditures, monetary aggregates and government consumption Francesco Franco Macroeconomics Theory II 12/34
13 Labor supply A few of the above issues are due an implied Labor Supply which is not sufficiently elastic. In the model, workers are not sufficiently willing to substitute for leisure in the current period with leisure in future periods. Hence, the response of hours to changes in real wages and productivity is small: ˆn t = η nw (σ n ) ẑ t + α(ˆk t 1 ˆn t ) ĉ t. This implies that in response to a technology shock, current hours do not react as much as in the data, which determines a rise in the equilibrium real wage and a rise in average labor productivity in the model ŵ t λ t Francesco Franco Macroeconomics Theory II 13/34
14 Labor supply: Hansen Hansen model (1985) is based on the idea that there might be important non convexities in the production process that might make varying the number of employed more efficient than varying the number of hours Assume an agent can work a fixed number of hours h (0, 1) Agent can work or not work. They pool resources together and perfectly insure consumption In this model hours do not vary, only employment does Francesco Franco Macroeconomics Theory II 14/34
15 Labor supply: Hansen Let π t the probability that an agent works in period t H t = π t h is the number of per capita hours Denote C u and C e.the consumption of respectively an unemployed and an employed Francesco Franco Macroeconomics Theory II 15/34
16 Labor supply: Hansen The Planner solves the usual dynamic problem augmented with the following: max π t u(c et, 1 h)+(1 π t )u(c ut, 1) s.t. π t C et +(1 π t )C ut = C t Assume u(c, L) =ln C + γ n ln L. So that labor elasticity at the micro level is unity. The solution implies C u = C e = C t Francesco Franco Macroeconomics Theory II 16/34
17 Labor supply: Hansen The expected utility of an household can be written U(C, L) = π t ln C t +(1 π t ) ln C t + π t γ n ln(1 h)+(1 π t )γ n ln(1) U(C, L) = ln C t + π t γ n ln(1 h) U(C, L) = ln C t AH t where A = γ n ln(1 h)/ h. Then the Hansen model where labour is indivisible is equivalent to a divisible labor model with preference U(C, L) For the representative agent because instantaneous utility is linear in H. Hence, the representative agent only cares about the present discounted utility cost of labor supply and is indifferent between different sequences of labor supply over her lifetime that deliver the same present discounted utility cost The labor supply is infinitely elastic at the aggregate level Francesco Franco Macroeconomics Theory II 17/34
18 Labor supply: Hansen Output in the indivisible labor (IL) model is considerably more volatile than the standard model ( 1.70% for calibrated parameters) The ratio of labor volatility over average labor productivity increases substantially in the IL model However, the correlation between hours and productivity, which is lower than in the standard RBC model, is still approximately 0.70, much higher than it is in the data Francesco Franco Macroeconomics Theory II 18/34
19 Labor supply shocks The correlation between hours worked and productivity in the model is well above 0.90 and 0.7 in Hansen model, while in the data it is very close to 0. The standard RBC model is driven by a single shock that shifts the labor demand along the labor supply and induce a positive relationship between hours and productivity To break the relationship you need a second type of shocks that shift the Labor supply The easiest way is to introduce shocks that induce a negative wealth effect on individuals making them working more. (Christiano and Eichenbaum 1992) Francesco Franco Macroeconomics Theory II 19/34
20 Labor supply shocks Assume government spending is governed by ln G t+1 =(1 λ) ln Ḡ + λ ln G t + ε g t where ε g t is iid N(0,σ g ) and independent of ε z t the technology shock Government spending is financed with lump-sum (non-distortionary) taxes levied on household. The government s budget is balanced in each period The resource constraint for this economy is: C t + I t + G t = Y t In the original paper U( C, L) where C = C(C, G). The case where C = C + G is the standard RBC since increases in G can be offset by reduction in C and all other variables will not change. The case of imperfect substitution is the relevant one. Works with C = C Francesco Franco Macroeconomics Theory II 20/34
21 Labor supply shocks Francesco Franco Macroeconomics Theory II 21/34
22 Endogeneity of the Solow residual We have measured technology using a Solow residual. Suppose the production function is of the form: Y = F (K, L, Z) where Z is the index of technology level. To measure the contribution of Z to Y we differentiate the production function and rearrange it to get: dy Y = F K K Y dk K + F NN Y dn N + F Z Z Y dz Z. Francesco Franco Macroeconomics Theory II 22/34
23 Endogeneity of the Solow residual Assume there is perfect competition and no adjustment cost to factor of production, then firms price according to marginal cost P = W /F N = R/F K which gives us replacing it: dy Y = RK PY s K dk K + WN PY s L dx X dn N + F Z Z Y dz Z S where s K,L is the share of capital or labor costs in output (they can vary in time) and S is the Solow residual, or our measure of technology. dx X is a weighted sum of input growth Francesco Franco Macroeconomics Theory II 23/34
24 Endogeneity of the Solow residual Our measure of technology is simply: S = dy Y dx X If we construct the residual in this way we get a highly procyclical residual. No need for estimation, or to know anything about the production function Francesco Franco Macroeconomics Theory II 24/34
25 Endogeneity of the Solow residual The two series are highly correlated and actually exhibit a similar volatility which means that the shock we are feeding into the model is very similar to what we are try to explain The high volatility of TFP has been questioned on the basis that it would imply implausibly large technological shocks and shows the lack of amplification of the RBC Francesco Franco Macroeconomics Theory II 25/34
26 Endogeneity of the Solow residual Good for Long Run but Is it reasonable to construct it to estimate technological change from year to year, or quarter to quarter? adjustment costs to capital and labor imperfect competition in which case firms price a markup over marginal cost intensity utilization of the factor of productions that are not measured by changes in their quantities Francesco Franco Macroeconomics Theory II 26/34
27 Endogeneity of the Solow residual What markup pricing imply: Assume P =(1 + µ)mc for there is imperfect competition in the goods market. Then the true Solow residual is: S = dy Y (1 + µ)dx X while the measured Solow residual, call it S m, is as before. Then if µ>0 and we overestimate its procyclicality if the inputs are procyclical: S = S m µ dx X. Francesco Franco Macroeconomics Theory II 27/34
28 Endogeneity of the Solow residual Unobserved inputs: Assume N = BHE where B is the number of workers, H is output per worker and E is effort. S = dy Y and we do not observe E. then a K dk K + α N db B + dh H + de E S = S m α N de E. Same if K = u K where u is capacity utilization Francesco Franco Macroeconomics Theory II 28/34
29 Endogeneity of the Solow residual Consider the following preferences: U(C, L, E) =ln C + A ln(1 ξ E t h) where 0 E t (1 ξ)/ h is effort, h is the fixed number of hours, and ξ is a fixed cost. The technology is: Y t = Z t K α t 1 hπ t E t 1 α, where π t is the faction of number employed. Francesco Franco Macroeconomics Theory II 29/34
30 Endogeneity of the Solow residual Two shocks: ln G t+1 =(1 λ) ln Ḡ + λ ln G t + ε g t, that are orthogonal The resource constraint is ln Z t+1 =(1 ρ) ln Z + ρ ln Z t + ε z t C t + K t (1 δ)k t 1 + G t = Y t As in the indivisible labor model, individuals face a lottery of employment, with probability π t of becoming employed. However, they are insured against unemployment, so their consumption is independent from their employment status Francesco Franco Macroeconomics Theory II 30/34
31 Endogeneity of the Solow residual π t must be chosen before g t and z t are known Then, when shocks to government consumption or technology hit, firms adjust along the intensive margin, by changing effort, rather then on the extensive margin,by changing employment Here the Solow residual S t = Z t E 1 α and notice that Y t /H t = Z t E 1 α t t Kt 1 hπ t α Francesco Franco Macroeconomics Theory II 31/34
32 Endogeneity of the Solow residual Any variable which is correlated with E will be correlated with S, even if they are not correlated with Z In the model, E responds positively to a rise in G, dueto the presence of a negative wealth effect on the supply of effort in the preferences of the representative agent Then, both the S and Y /H will rise in response to a G shock. Standard RBC accounts falsely attributes this rise to a positive technology shock. E is correlated with innovations in G and Z. Then,S will be correlated with innovations in G Francesco Franco Macroeconomics Theory II 32/34
33 Endogeneity of the Solow residual If a positive technology shock occurs effort will rise. The rise in effort implies that the resulting increase in the Solow residual and in average labor productivity is greater than the technology shock Then, the endogenous response of effort provides an amplification mechanism for the technology shock Francesco Franco Macroeconomics Theory II 33/34
34 References Robert G. King & Sergio T. Rebelo, "Resuscitating Real Business Cycles," NBER Working Papers 7534, National Bureau of Economic Research Hansen, Gary D., "Indivisible labor and the business cycle," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 16(3), pages , November Lawrence J. Christiano, Martin Eichenbau, Current Real-Business-Cycle Theories and Aggregate Labor-Market Fluctuations. The American Economic Review, Vol. 82, No. 3 (Jun., 1992), pp Francesco Franco Macroeconomics Theory II 34/34
Public Economics The Macroeconomic Perspective Chapter 2: The Ramsey Model. Burkhard Heer University of Augsburg, Germany
Public Economics The Macroeconomic Perspective Chapter 2: The Ramsey Model Burkhard Heer University of Augsburg, Germany October 3, 2018 Contents I 1 Central Planner 2 3 B. Heer c Public Economics: Chapter
More informationNeoclassical Business Cycle Model
Neoclassical Business Cycle Model Prof. Eric Sims University of Notre Dame Fall 2015 1 / 36 Production Economy Last time: studied equilibrium in an endowment economy Now: study equilibrium in an economy
More informationReal Business Cycle Model (RBC)
Real Business Cycle Model (RBC) Seyed Ali Madanizadeh November 2013 RBC Model Lucas 1980: One of the functions of theoretical economics is to provide fully articulated, artificial economic systems that
More informationMacroeconomics Theory II
Macroeconomics Theory II Francesco Franco FEUNL February 2016 Francesco Franco (FEUNL) Macroeconomics Theory II February 2016 1 / 18 Road Map Research question: we want to understand businesses cycles.
More informationThe Real Business Cycle Model
The Real Business Cycle Model Macroeconomics II 2 The real business cycle model. Introduction This model explains the comovements in the fluctuations of aggregate economic variables around their trend.
More informationDSGE-Models. Calibration and Introduction to Dynare. Institute of Econometrics and Economic Statistics
DSGE-Models Calibration and Introduction to Dynare Dr. Andrea Beccarini Willi Mutschler, M.Sc. Institute of Econometrics and Economic Statistics willi.mutschler@uni-muenster.de Summer 2012 Willi Mutschler
More informationAdvanced Macroeconomics II. Real Business Cycle Models. Jordi Galí. Universitat Pompeu Fabra Spring 2018
Advanced Macroeconomics II Real Business Cycle Models Jordi Galí Universitat Pompeu Fabra Spring 2018 Assumptions Optimization by consumers and rms Perfect competition General equilibrium Absence of a
More informationRBC Model with Indivisible Labor. Advanced Macroeconomic Theory
RBC Model with Indivisible Labor Advanced Macroeconomic Theory 1 Last Class What are business cycles? Using HP- lter to decompose data into trend and cyclical components Business cycle facts Standard RBC
More informationFoundation of (virtually) all DSGE models (e.g., RBC model) is Solow growth model
THE BASELINE RBC MODEL: THEORY AND COMPUTATION FEBRUARY, 202 STYLIZED MACRO FACTS Foundation of (virtually all DSGE models (e.g., RBC model is Solow growth model So want/need/desire business-cycle models
More informationWhat are we going to do?
RBC Model Analyzes to what extent growth and business cycles can be generated within the same framework Uses stochastic neoclassical growth model (Brock-Mirman model) as a workhorse, which is augmented
More informationThe Ramsey Model. (Lecture Note, Advanced Macroeconomics, Thomas Steger, SS 2013)
The Ramsey Model (Lecture Note, Advanced Macroeconomics, Thomas Steger, SS 213) 1 Introduction The Ramsey model (or neoclassical growth model) is one of the prototype models in dynamic macroeconomics.
More informationChapter 11 The Stochastic Growth Model and Aggregate Fluctuations
George Alogoskoufis, Dynamic Macroeconomics, 2016 Chapter 11 The Stochastic Growth Model and Aggregate Fluctuations In previous chapters we studied the long run evolution of output and consumption, real
More informationSmall Open Economy RBC Model Uribe, Chapter 4
Small Open Economy RBC Model Uribe, Chapter 4 1 Basic Model 1.1 Uzawa Utility E 0 t=0 θ t U (c t, h t ) θ 0 = 1 θ t+1 = β (c t, h t ) θ t ; β c < 0; β h > 0. Time-varying discount factor With a constant
More informationEquilibrium Conditions (symmetric across all differentiated goods)
MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION IN A DSGE MODEL: PART II SEPTEMBER 30, 200 Canonical Dixit-Stiglitz Model MONOPOLISTICALLY-COMPETITIVE EQUILIBRIUM Equilibrium Conditions (symmetric across all differentiated goods)
More information(a) Write down the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) Equation in the dynamic programming
1. Government Purchases and Endogenous Growth Consider the following endogenous growth model with government purchases (G) in continuous time. Government purchases enhance production, and the production
More informationProblem 1 (30 points)
Problem (30 points) Prof. Robert King Consider an economy in which there is one period and there are many, identical households. Each household derives utility from consumption (c), leisure (l) and a public
More information1 The Basic RBC Model
IHS 2016, Macroeconomics III Michael Reiter Ch. 1: Notes on RBC Model 1 1 The Basic RBC Model 1.1 Description of Model Variables y z k L c I w r output level of technology (exogenous) capital at end of
More informationADVANCED MACROECONOMICS I
Name: Students ID: ADVANCED MACROECONOMICS I I. Short Questions (21/2 points each) Mark the following statements as True (T) or False (F) and give a brief explanation of your answer in each case. 1. 2.
More informationAdvanced Macroeconomics
Advanced Macroeconomics The Ramsey Model Marcin Kolasa Warsaw School of Economics Marcin Kolasa (WSE) Ad. Macro - Ramsey model 1 / 30 Introduction Authors: Frank Ramsey (1928), David Cass (1965) and Tjalling
More informationA simple macro dynamic model with endogenous saving rate: the representative agent model
A simple macro dynamic model with endogenous saving rate: the representative agent model Virginia Sánchez-Marcos Macroeconomics, MIE-UNICAN Macroeconomics (MIE-UNICAN) A simple macro dynamic model with
More informationAdvanced Macroeconomics II The RBC model with Capital
Advanced Macroeconomics II The RBC model with Capital Lorenza Rossi (Spring 2014) University of Pavia Part of these slides are based on Jordi Galì slides for Macroeconomia Avanzada II. Outline Real business
More informationCan News be a Major Source of Aggregate Fluctuations?
Can News be a Major Source of Aggregate Fluctuations? A Bayesian DSGE Approach Ippei Fujiwara 1 Yasuo Hirose 1 Mototsugu 2 1 Bank of Japan 2 Vanderbilt University August 4, 2009 Contributions of this paper
More information4- Current Method of Explaining Business Cycles: DSGE Models. Basic Economic Models
4- Current Method of Explaining Business Cycles: DSGE Models Basic Economic Models In Economics, we use theoretical models to explain the economic processes in the real world. These models de ne a relation
More informationGraduate Macroeconomics - Econ 551
Graduate Macroeconomics - Econ 551 Tack Yun Indiana University Seoul National University Spring Semester January 2013 T. Yun (SNU) Macroeconomics 1/07/2013 1 / 32 Business Cycle Models for Emerging-Market
More informationToulouse School of Economics, M2 Macroeconomics 1 Professor Franck Portier. Exam Solution
Toulouse School of Economics, 2013-2014 M2 Macroeconomics 1 Professor Franck Portier Exam Solution This is a 3 hours exam. Class slides and any handwritten material are allowed. You must write legibly.
More informationSolving a Dynamic (Stochastic) General Equilibrium Model under the Discrete Time Framework
Solving a Dynamic (Stochastic) General Equilibrium Model under the Discrete Time Framework Dongpeng Liu Nanjing University Sept 2016 D. Liu (NJU) Solving D(S)GE 09/16 1 / 63 Introduction Targets of the
More informationIndivisible Labor and the Business Cycle
Indivisible Labor and the Business Cycle By Gary Hansen Zhe Li SUFE Fall 2010 Zhe Li (SUFE) Advanced Macroeconomics III Fall 2010 1 / 14 Motivation Kydland and Prescott (1982) Equilibrium theory of the
More informationLecture 15 Real Business Cycle Model. Noah Williams
Lecture 15 Real Business Cycle Model Noah Williams University of Wisconsin - Madison Economics 702/312 Real Business Cycle Model We will have a shock: change in technology. Then we will have a propagation
More informationEquilibrium in a Production Economy
Equilibrium in a Production Economy Prof. Eric Sims University of Notre Dame Fall 2012 Sims (ND) Equilibrium in a Production Economy Fall 2012 1 / 23 Production Economy Last time: studied equilibrium in
More informationproblem. max Both k (0) and h (0) are given at time 0. (a) Write down the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) Equation in the dynamic programming
1. Endogenous Growth with Human Capital Consider the following endogenous growth model with both physical capital (k (t)) and human capital (h (t)) in continuous time. The representative household solves
More informationAdvanced Macroeconomics
Advanced Macroeconomics The Ramsey Model Micha l Brzoza-Brzezina/Marcin Kolasa Warsaw School of Economics Micha l Brzoza-Brzezina/Marcin Kolasa (WSE) Ad. Macro - Ramsey model 1 / 47 Introduction Authors:
More informationLecture 15. Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Model. Randall Romero Aguilar, PhD I Semestre 2017 Last updated: July 3, 2017
Lecture 15 Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Model Randall Romero Aguilar, PhD I Semestre 2017 Last updated: July 3, 2017 Universidad de Costa Rica EC3201 - Teoría Macroeconómica 2 Table of contents
More informationThe full RBC model. Empirical evaluation
The full RBC model. Empirical evaluation Lecture 13 (updated version), ECON 4310 Tord Krogh October 24, 2012 Tord Krogh () ECON 4310 October 24, 2012 1 / 49 Today s lecture Add labor to the stochastic
More informationDeep Habits: Technical Notes
Deep Habits: Technical Notes Morten Ravn Stephanie Schmitt-Grohé Martín Uribe October 18, 2004 This note derives in detail the model, its associated equilibrium conditions, the steadystate equilibrium,
More informationRelative Deep Habits
Relative Deep Habits Morten Ravn Stephanie Schmitt-Grohé Martín Uribe May 5, 25 Abstract This note presents a detailed formal derivation of the equilibrium conditions of a variation of the deep habit model
More informationShiftwork in the Real Business Cycle
Preliminary: 11/02 Shiftwork in the Real Business Cycle Yoram Halevy Department of Economics, UBC and James M. Nason Department of Economics, UBC Research Department, FRB-Atlanta The usual disclaimers
More informationLecture 2: Firms, Jobs and Policy
Lecture 2: Firms, Jobs and Policy Economics 522 Esteban Rossi-Hansberg Princeton University Spring 2014 ERH (Princeton University ) Lecture 2: Firms, Jobs and Policy Spring 2014 1 / 34 Restuccia and Rogerson
More information1 The social planner problem
The social planner problem max C t;k t+ U t = E t X t C t () that can be written as: s.t.: Y t = A t K t (2) Y t = C t + I t (3) I t = K t+ (4) A t = A A t (5) et t i:i:d: 0; 2 max C t;k t+ U t = E t "
More informationA Modern Equilibrium Model. Jesús Fernández-Villaverde University of Pennsylvania
A Modern Equilibrium Model Jesús Fernández-Villaverde University of Pennsylvania 1 Household Problem Preferences: max E X β t t=0 c 1 σ t 1 σ ψ l1+γ t 1+γ Budget constraint: c t + k t+1 = w t l t + r t
More informationMacroeconomics Theory II
Macroeconomics Theory II Francesco Franco Novasbe February 2016 Francesco Franco (Novasbe) Macroeconomics Theory II February 2016 1 / 8 The Social Planner Solution Notice no intertemporal issues (Y t =
More informationEconomics 701 Advanced Macroeconomics I Project 1 Professor Sanjay Chugh Fall 2011
Department of Economics University of Maryland Economics 701 Advanced Macroeconomics I Project 1 Professor Sanjay Chugh Fall 2011 Objective As a stepping stone to learning how to work with and computationally
More informationModelling Czech and Slovak labour markets: A DSGE model with labour frictions
Modelling Czech and Slovak labour markets: A DSGE model with labour frictions Daniel Němec Faculty of Economics and Administrations Masaryk University Brno, Czech Republic nemecd@econ.muni.cz ESF MU (Brno)
More informationPractice Questions for Mid-Term I. Question 1: Consider the Cobb-Douglas production function in intensive form:
Practice Questions for Mid-Term I Question 1: Consider the Cobb-Douglas production function in intensive form: y f(k) = k α ; α (0, 1) (1) where y and k are output per worker and capital per worker respectively.
More informationOptimal Inflation Stabilization in a Medium-Scale Macroeconomic Model
Optimal Inflation Stabilization in a Medium-Scale Macroeconomic Model Stephanie Schmitt-Grohé Martín Uribe Duke University 1 Objective of the Paper: Within a mediumscale estimated model of the macroeconomy
More informationThe Labor Market in the New Keynesian Model: Foundations of the Sticky Wage Approach and a Critical Commentary
The Labor Market in the New Keynesian Model: Foundations of the Sticky Wage Approach and a Critical Commentary Lawrence J. Christiano March 30, 2013 Baseline developed earlier: NK model with no capital
More informationThe New Keynesian Model: Introduction
The New Keynesian Model: Introduction Vivaldo M. Mendes ISCTE Lisbon University Institute 13 November 2017 (Vivaldo M. Mendes) The New Keynesian Model: Introduction 13 November 2013 1 / 39 Summary 1 What
More informationAdvanced Macroeconomics
Advanced Macroeconomics Endogenous Growth Marcin Kolasa Warsaw School of Economics Marcin Kolasa (WSE) Ad. Macro - Endogenous growth 1 / 18 Introduction The Solow and Ramsey models are exogenous growth
More informationComprehensive Exam. Macro Spring 2014 Retake. August 22, 2014
Comprehensive Exam Macro Spring 2014 Retake August 22, 2014 You have a total of 180 minutes to complete the exam. If a question seems ambiguous, state why, sharpen it up and answer the sharpened-up question.
More informationBusiness Cycles and Exchange Rate Regimes
Business Cycles and Exchange Rate Regimes Christian Zimmermann Département des sciences économiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM) Center for Research on Economic Fluctuations and Employment (CREFE)
More informationGraduate Macro Theory II: Business Cycle Accounting and Wedges
Graduate Macro Theory II: Business Cycle Accounting and Wedges Eric Sims University of Notre Dame Spring 2017 1 Introduction Most modern dynamic macro models have at their core a prototypical real business
More informationMA Advanced Macroeconomics: 7. The Real Business Cycle Model
MA Advanced Macroeconomics: 7. The Real Business Cycle Model Karl Whelan School of Economics, UCD Spring 2016 Karl Whelan (UCD) Real Business Cycles Spring 2016 1 / 38 Working Through A DSGE Model We have
More informationPart A: Answer question A1 (required), plus either question A2 or A3.
Ph.D. Core Exam -- Macroeconomics 5 January 2015 -- 8:00 am to 3:00 pm Part A: Answer question A1 (required), plus either question A2 or A3. A1 (required): Ending Quantitative Easing Now that the U.S.
More informationTopic 3. RBCs
14.452. Topic 3. RBCs Olivier Blanchard April 8, 2007 Nr. 1 1. Motivation, and organization Looked at Ramsey model, with productivity shocks. Replicated fairly well co-movements in output, consumption,
More informationSignaling Effects of Monetary Policy
Signaling Effects of Monetary Policy Leonardo Melosi London Business School 24 May 2012 Motivation Disperse information about aggregate fundamentals Morris and Shin (2003), Sims (2003), and Woodford (2002)
More informationDynamics and Monetary Policy in a Fair Wage Model of the Business Cycle
Dynamics and Monetary Policy in a Fair Wage Model of the Business Cycle David de la Croix 1,3 Gregory de Walque 2 Rafael Wouters 2,1 1 dept. of economics, Univ. cath. Louvain 2 National Bank of Belgium
More informationGrowth Theory: Review
Growth Theory: Review Lecture 1.1, Exogenous Growth Topics in Growth, Part 2 June 11, 2007 Lecture 1.1, Exogenous Growth 1/76 Topics in Growth, Part 2 Growth Accounting: Objective and Technical Framework
More informationGovernment The government faces an exogenous sequence {g t } t=0
Part 6 1. Borrowing Constraints II 1.1. Borrowing Constraints and the Ricardian Equivalence Equivalence between current taxes and current deficits? Basic paper on the Ricardian Equivalence: Barro, JPE,
More informationDynamic Optimization: An Introduction
Dynamic Optimization An Introduction M. C. Sunny Wong University of San Francisco University of Houston, June 20, 2014 Outline 1 Background What is Optimization? EITM: The Importance of Optimization 2
More informationReconciling Jaimovich-Rebello Preferences, Habit in Consumption and Labor Supply
Reconciling Jaimovich-Rebello Preferences, Habit in Consumption and Labor Supply Tom Holden University of Surrey t.holden@surrey.ac.uk Paul Levine University of Surrey p.levine@surrey.ac.uk November 20,
More informationIndeterminacy with No-Income-Effect Preferences and Sector-Specific Externalities
Indeterminacy with No-Income-Effect Preferences and Sector-Specific Externalities Jang-Ting Guo University of California, Riverside Sharon G. Harrison Barnard College, Columbia University July 9, 2008
More informationThe economy is populated by a unit mass of infinitely lived households with preferences given by. β t u(c Mt, c Ht ) t=0
Review Questions: Two Sector Models Econ720. Fall 207. Prof. Lutz Hendricks A Planning Problem The economy is populated by a unit mass of infinitely lived households with preferences given by β t uc Mt,
More informationBusiness Failure and Labour Market Fluctuations
Business Failure and Labour Market Fluctuations Seong-Hoon Kim* Seongman Moon** *Centre for Dynamic Macroeconomic Analysis, St Andrews, UK **Korea Institute for International Economic Policy, Seoul, Korea
More informationThe Natural Rate of Interest and its Usefulness for Monetary Policy
The Natural Rate of Interest and its Usefulness for Monetary Policy Robert Barsky, Alejandro Justiniano, and Leonardo Melosi Online Appendix 1 1 Introduction This appendix describes the extended DSGE model
More informationSimple New Keynesian Model without Capital
Simple New Keynesian Model without Capital Lawrence J. Christiano January 5, 2018 Objective Review the foundations of the basic New Keynesian model without capital. Clarify the role of money supply/demand.
More informationToulouse School of Economics, Macroeconomics II Franck Portier. Homework 1. Problem I An AD-AS Model
Toulouse School of Economics, 2009-2010 Macroeconomics II Franck Portier Homework 1 Problem I An AD-AS Model Let us consider an economy with three agents (a firm, a household and a government) and four
More informationDynamic (Stochastic) General Equilibrium and Growth
Dynamic (Stochastic) General Equilibrium and Growth Martin Ellison Nuffi eld College Michaelmas Term 2018 Martin Ellison (Nuffi eld) D(S)GE and Growth Michaelmas Term 2018 1 / 43 Macroeconomics is Dynamic
More informationMacroeconomic Theory and Analysis Suggested Solution for Midterm 1
Macroeconomic Theory and Analysis Suggested Solution for Midterm February 25, 2007 Problem : Pareto Optimality The planner solves the following problem: u(c ) + u(c 2 ) + v(l ) + v(l 2 ) () {c,c 2,l,l
More informationDynamic stochastic general equilibrium models. December 4, 2007
Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models December 4, 2007 Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models Random shocks to generate trajectories that look like the observed national accounts. Rational
More informationFinancial Factors in Economic Fluctuations. Lawrence Christiano Roberto Motto Massimo Rostagno
Financial Factors in Economic Fluctuations Lawrence Christiano Roberto Motto Massimo Rostagno Background Much progress made on constructing and estimating models that fit quarterly data well (Smets-Wouters,
More informationRamsey Cass Koopmans Model (1): Setup of the Model and Competitive Equilibrium Path
Ramsey Cass Koopmans Model (1): Setup of the Model and Competitive Equilibrium Path Ryoji Ohdoi Dept. of Industrial Engineering and Economics, Tokyo Tech This lecture note is mainly based on Ch. 8 of Acemoglu
More informationOUTPUT DYNAMICS IN AN ENDOGENOUS GROWTH MODEL
OUTPUT DYNAMICS IN AN ENDOGENOUS GROWTH MODEL by Ilaski Barañano and M. Paz Moral 2003 Working Paper Series: IL. 05/03 Departamento de Fundamentos del Análisis Económico I Ekonomi Analisiaren Oinarriak
More informationGeneric Analysis of Endogenous Growth Models
c November 20, 2017, Christopher D. Carroll Endogenous Generic Analysis of Endogenous Growth Models The neoclassical theory of economic growth, as formulated by Solow (1956), and Cass (1965)-Koopmans (1965),
More informationEcon 5110 Solutions to the Practice Questions for the Midterm Exam
Econ 50 Solutions to the Practice Questions for the Midterm Exam Spring 202 Real Business Cycle Theory. Consider a simple neoclassical growth model (notation similar to class) where all agents are identical
More informationECON 5118 Macroeconomic Theory
ECON 5118 Macroeconomic Theory Winter 013 Test 1 February 1, 013 Answer ALL Questions Time Allowed: 1 hour 0 min Attention: Please write your answers on the answer book provided Use the right-side pages
More informationLecture 2 Real Business Cycle Models
Franck Portier TSE Macro I & II 211-212 Lecture 2 Real Business Cycle Models 1 Lecture 2 Real Business Cycle Models Version 1.2 5/12/211 Changes from version 1. are in red Changes from version 1. are in
More informationOptimal Simple And Implementable Monetary and Fiscal Rules
Optimal Simple And Implementable Monetary and Fiscal Rules Stephanie Schmitt-Grohé Martín Uribe Duke University September 2007 1 Welfare-Based Policy Evaluation: Related Literature (ex: Rotemberg and Woodford,
More informationGrowth Theory: Review
Growth Theory: Review Lecture 1, Endogenous Growth Economic Policy in Development 2, Part 2 March 2009 Lecture 1, Exogenous Growth 1/104 Economic Policy in Development 2, Part 2 Outline Growth Accounting
More informationLecture 4 The Centralized Economy: Extensions
Lecture 4 The Centralized Economy: Extensions Leopold von Thadden University of Mainz and ECB (on leave) Advanced Macroeconomics, Winter Term 2013 1 / 36 I Motivation This Lecture considers some applications
More informationHandout: Competitive Equilibrium
1 Competitive equilibrium Handout: Competitive Equilibrium Definition 1. A competitive equilibrium is a set of endogenous variables (Ĉ, N s, N d, T, π, ŵ), such that given the exogenous variables (G, z,
More informationSimple New Keynesian Model without Capital
Simple New Keynesian Model without Capital Lawrence J. Christiano March, 28 Objective Review the foundations of the basic New Keynesian model without capital. Clarify the role of money supply/demand. Derive
More informationNews Driven Business Cycles in Heterogenous Agents Economies
News Driven Business Cycles in Heterogenous Agents Economies Paul Beaudry and Franck Portier DRAFT February 9 Abstract We present a new propagation mechanism for news shocks in dynamic general equilibrium
More informationGeneral motivation behind the augmented Solow model
General motivation behind the augmented Solow model Empirical analysis suggests that the elasticity of output Y with respect to capital implied by the Solow model (α 0.3) is too low to reconcile the model
More informationMonetary Economics. Lecture 15: unemployment in the new Keynesian model, part one. Chris Edmond. 2nd Semester 2014
Monetary Economics Lecture 15: unemployment in the new Keynesian model, part one Chris Edmond 2nd Semester 214 1 This class Unemployment fluctuations in the new Keynesian model, part one Main reading:
More informationNBER WORKING PAPER SERIES WHAT'S NEWS IN BUSINESS CYCLES. Stephanie Schmitt-Grohe Martin Uribe. Working Paper
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES WHAT'S NEWS IN BUSINESS CYCLES Stephanie Schmitt-Grohe Martin Uribe Working Paper 14215 http://www.nber.org/papers/w14215 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 15 Massachusetts
More informationIdentifying the Monetary Policy Shock Christiano et al. (1999)
Identifying the Monetary Policy Shock Christiano et al. (1999) The question we are asking is: What are the consequences of a monetary policy shock a shock which is purely related to monetary conditions
More informationLong-Run Growth Uncertainty
Long-Run Growth Uncertainty Pei Kuang a,, Kaushik Mitra a, a University of Birmingham 27 November 2015 Abstract Observed macroeconomic forecasts display gradual recognition of the long-run growth of endogenous
More informationGeneral Examination in Macroeconomic Theory SPRING 2013
HARVARD UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS General Examination in Macroeconomic Theory SPRING 203 You have FOUR hours. Answer all questions Part A (Prof. Laibson): 48 minutes Part B (Prof. Aghion): 48
More informationMonetary Policy and Unemployment: A New Keynesian Perspective
Monetary Policy and Unemployment: A New Keynesian Perspective Jordi Galí CREI, UPF and Barcelona GSE April 215 Jordi Galí (CREI, UPF and Barcelona GSE) Monetary Policy and Unemployment April 215 1 / 16
More informationProblem Set 4. Graduate Macro II, Spring 2011 The University of Notre Dame Professor Sims
Problem Set 4 Graduate Macro II, Spring 2011 The University of Notre Dame Professor Sims Instructions: You may consult with other members of the class, but please make sure to turn in your own work. Where
More informationEconomic Growth: Lecture 9, Neoclassical Endogenous Growth
14.452 Economic Growth: Lecture 9, Neoclassical Endogenous Growth Daron Acemoglu MIT November 28, 2017. Daron Acemoglu (MIT) Economic Growth Lecture 9 November 28, 2017. 1 / 41 First-Generation Models
More informationLinearized Euler Equation Methods
Linearized Euler Equation Methods Quantitative Macroeconomics [Econ 5725] Raül Santaeulàlia-Llopis Washington University in St. Louis Spring 206 Raül Santaeulàlia-Llopis (Wash.U.) Linearized Euler Equation
More informationIndeterminacy, Aggregate Demand, and the Real Business Cycle
Indeterminacy, Aggregate Demand, and the Real Business Cycle Jess Benhabib Department of Economics New York University jess.benhabib@nyu.edu Yi Wen Department of Economics Cornell University Yw57@cornell.edu
More informationIntroduction to Macroeconomics
Introduction to Macroeconomics Martin Ellison Nuffi eld College Michaelmas Term 2018 Martin Ellison (Nuffi eld) Introduction Michaelmas Term 2018 1 / 39 Macroeconomics is Dynamic Decisions are taken over
More informationLoglinear approximate solutions to RBC models: An illustration and some observations
Loglinear approximate solutions to RBC models: An illustration and some observations Sau-Him Paul Lau and Philip Hoi-Tak Ng University of Hong Kong January 2004 Abstract Following the analytical approach
More informationUncertainty Per Krusell & D. Krueger Lecture Notes Chapter 6
1 Uncertainty Per Krusell & D. Krueger Lecture Notes Chapter 6 1 A Two-Period Example Suppose the economy lasts only two periods, t =0, 1. The uncertainty arises in the income (wage) of period 1. Not that
More informationPANEL DISCUSSION: THE ROLE OF POTENTIAL OUTPUT IN POLICYMAKING
PANEL DISCUSSION: THE ROLE OF POTENTIAL OUTPUT IN POLICYMAKING James Bullard* Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 33rd Annual Economic Policy Conference St. Louis, MO October 17, 2008 Views expressed are
More informationThere are two basic questions that gave birth to this area of macroeconomics:
Business Cycles The purpose of this section is to introduce the study of business cycles. By business cycles we mean fluctuations of output around its long term growth trend. In this sense, it complements
More informationDemand Shocks with Dispersed Information
Demand Shocks with Dispersed Information Guido Lorenzoni (MIT) Class notes, 06 March 2007 Nominal rigidities: imperfect information How to model demand shocks in a baseline environment with imperfect info?
More informationResolving the Missing Deflation Puzzle. June 7, 2018
Resolving the Missing Deflation Puzzle Jesper Lindé Sveriges Riksbank Mathias Trabandt Freie Universität Berlin June 7, 218 Motivation Key observations during the Great Recession: Extraordinary contraction
More informationMarkov Perfect Equilibria in the Ramsey Model
Markov Perfect Equilibria in the Ramsey Model Paul Pichler and Gerhard Sorger This Version: February 2006 Abstract We study the Ramsey (1928) model under the assumption that households act strategically.
More information