3.1and 3.2 Thermal. Rise in temperature in deg C Final temperature in C A B C D
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1 Name: Date: 3.1and 3.2 Thermal 1. During an experiment, a solid is heated from 285 K to 298 K. Which one of the following gives the rise in temperature, in deg C, and the final temperature, in C, of the solid? Rise in temperature in deg C Final temperature in C A B C D Which of the following will not affect the rate of evaporation of a liquid? A. The temperature of the liquid B. The surface area of the liquid C. The mass of the liquid D. Convection currents of air above the liquid surface 3. The specific heat capacity of an object is defined as the thermal energy required to raise the temperature of A. the volume of the object by 1 K. B. unit volume of the object by 1 K. C. the mass of the object by 1 K. D. unit mass of the object by 1 K. 1
2 4. The distance between the 0 C and 100 C marks on a mercury-in-glass thermometer is 20 cm. When the thermometer bulb is placed in a mixture of ice and salt, the mercury level is 4 cm below the 0 C mark. The temperature of the mixture is A. +20 C. B. +5 C. C. 5 C. D. 20 C The nuclear notation for lithium-7 is 3 Li. Which one of the following is the mass of 1 mol of lithium-7? A. 10 g B. 7 g C. 4 g D. 3 g 6. Which of the following correctly describes the changes in the kinetic energy of the molecules and the potential energy of the molecules as a liquid changes phase to a gas? kinetic energy of the molecules potential energy of the molecules A. no change increases B. no change no change C. increases increases D. increases no change 2
3 7. The specific heat capacity c of a solid block of mass m is determined by heating the block and measuring its temperature. The graph below shows the variation of the temperature T of the block with the thermal energy Q transferred to the block. T 0 Q The gradient of the line is equal to c A.. m m B.. c C. mc. 1 D.. mc 8. The kelvin temperature of an object is a measure of A. the total energy of the molecules of the object. B. the total kinetic energy of the molecules of the object. C. the maximum energy of the molecules of the object. D. the average kinetic energy of the molecules of the object. 3
4 9. A liquid is contained in a dish open to the atmosphere. Which one of the following contains three factors that affect rate of evaporation of the liquid? A. Temperature of the liquid Surface area Specific latent heat of vaporization B. Temperature of the liquid Mass of liquid Specific latent heat of vaporization C. Surface area Mass of liquid Temperature of the liquid D. Mass of liquid Surface area Specific latent heat of vaporization 10. (a) A small lump of ice (a hailstone) at 0 C falls to the Earth s surface. When the hailstone hits the surface, all of the kinetic energy of the hailstone is transferred to thermal energy in the ice. Calculate the minimum speed of the hailstone so that it just melts when it hits the surface. The specific latent heat of fusion of ice is 340 kj kg (3) (b) By reference to your answer in (a), suggest whether hailstones are likely to melt on hitting the Earth s surface (Total 5 marks) 4
5 11. Specific latent heat (a) Define specific latent heat of fusion (b) Solar radiation is incident on a pond of area 12 m 2. The pond is covered by a layer of ice of thickness 3.0 cm. The temperature of the ice is 0.0 C. (i) The density of ice is 900 kg m 3. Deduce that the mass of ice on the pond is approximately 320 kg. (ii) The average power per unit area incident on the ice over a period of 6.0 hours is 340 W m 2. Deduce that the energy incident on the pond in this time is J. (iii) The specific latent heat of fusion of ice is 330 kj kg 1. Determine whether all the ice on the pond will melt in the 6.0 hour time period. 5
6 (iv) State one assumption you made in reaching your answer to (b)(iii). (c) During the night, the air temperature drops to 5 C. The ice that melted during the day freezes again. Outline one mechanism by which thermal energy is lost by the ice (Total 9 marks) 6
7 12. This question is about the change of phase (state) of ice. A quantity of crushed ice is removed from a freezer and placed in a calorimeter. Thermal energy is supplied to the ice at a constant rate. To ensure that all the ice is at the same temperature, it is continually stirred. The temperature of the contents of the calorimeter is recorded every 15 seconds. The graph below shows the variation with time t of the temperature θ of the contents of the calorimeter. (Uncertainties in the measured quantities are not shown.) / C t / s (a) (b) On the graph above, mark with an X, the data point on the graph at which all the ice has just melted. Explain, with reference to the energy of the molecules, the constant temperature region of the graph (3) The mass of the ice is 0.25 kg and the specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J kg 1 K 1. 7
8 (c) Use these data and data from the graph to (i) deduce that energy is supplied to the ice at the rate of about 530 W. (3) (ii) determine the specific heat capacity of ice. (3) (iii) determine the specific latent heat of fusion of ice. (Total 12 marks) 8
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Solutions Homogeneous Mixtures Solutions: Mixtures that contain two or more substances called the solute and the solvent where the solute dissolves in the solvent so the solute and solvent are not distinguishable
Thermal Effects. IGCSE Physics
Thermal Effects IGCSE Physics Starter What is the difference between heat and temperature? What unit is thermal energy measured in? And what does it depend on? In which direction does heat flow? Heat (Thermal