New Twelfth Order Iterative Methods for Finding Multiple Roots of Nonlinear Equations
|
|
- Malcolm Curtis
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Aerica Joural o Coputatioal ad Applied Matheatics 05 5(: -4 DOI: 059/jajca New Twelth Order Iterative Methods or Fidig Multiple Roots o Noliear Equatios R Thukral Padé Research Cetre 9 Deaswood Hill Leeds West Yorkshire LS7 5JS Eglad Abstract The ais o this paper are irstly to preset our ew twelth order iterative ethods or solvig oliear equatios ad secodly to itroduce ew orulas or approiatig the ultiplicity o the iterative ethod It is proved that these ethods have the covergece order o twelve requirig si uctio evaluatios per iteratio Nuerical coparisos are icluded to deostrate eceptioal covergece speed o the proposed ethods Keywords Modiied Newto-type ethod Root-idig Noliear equatios Multiple roots Order o covergece Eiciecy ide Itroductio Fidig the root o oliear equatios is oe o iportat proble i sciece ad egieerig [-8] I this paper we preset our ew ultipoit higher-order iterative ethods to id ultiple roots o the oliear equatio ( = 0 : I R R or a ope iterval I is a scalar uctio The ultipoit root-solvers is o great practical iportace sice it overcoes theoretical liits o oe-poit ethods cocerig the covergece order ad coputatioal eiciecy I recet years ay odiicatios o the Newto-type ethods or siple roots have bee proposed ad aalysed [] ad little work has bee doe o ultiple roots Thereore the prie otive o this study is to develop a ew class o ulti-step ethods or idig ultiple roots o oliear equatios o a higher tha the eistig iterative ethods I order to costruct the ew twelth order ethod or idig ultiple roots we use the well-established ourth order ethod give i [ ] The purpose o this paper is to show urther developet o the ith order ethods ad itroduce ew orulas or approiatig the ultiplicity o the iterative ethods This paper is actually a cotiuatio o the previous study [] The etesio o this ivestigatio is based o the iproveet o the ith order ethod I additio the ew iterative ethods have a better eiciecy ide tha the eight to te covergece order ethods [0 ] Hece the proposed twelth order ethods are sigiicatly better whe copared with these established ethods * Correspodig author: rthukral@hotailcouk (R Thukral Published olie at Copyright 05 Scietiic & Acadeic Publishig All Rights Reserved The structure o this paper is as ollows Soe basic deiitios relevat to the preset work are preseted i the sectio I sectio the ew ulti-poit ethods are deied ad proved I sectio 4 the ew orulas or approiatig the ultiplicity o the iterative ethods are described I sectio 5 two well-established ethods are stated it will deostrate the eectiveess o the ew twelth order iterative ethods Fially i sectio 6 uerical coparisos are ade to deostrate the perorace o the preseted ethods Preliiaries I order to establish the order o covergece o the ew twelth order ethods we state soe deiitios: be a real-valued uctio with a Deiitio Let root α ad let { } be a sequece o real ubers that coverge towards α The order o covergece p is give by li α = ζ 0 ( p ( α p R ad ζ is the asyptotic error costat [6 7] Deiitio Let ek = k α be the error i the kth iteratio the the relatio p p k ζ k k e = e Ο e ( is the error equatio I the error equatio eists the p is the order o covergece o the iterative ethod [6 7] Deiitio Let r be the uber o uctio evaluatios
2 4 R Thukral: New Twelth Order Iterative Methods or Fidig Multiple Roots o Noliear Equatios o the ethod The eiciecy o the ethod is easured by the cocept o eiciecy ide ad deied as r p ( p is the order o covergece o the ethod [6] Deiitio 4 Suppose that ad are three successive iteratios closer to the root α The the coputatioal order o covergece ay be approiated by l δ δ COC (4 l δ δ ( ( δ = [] i i i Costructio o the Methods ad Covergece Aalysis I this sectio we deie ew twelth order iterative ethods or idig ultiple roots o a oliear equatio I order to costruct ew twelth order ethods we use well kow ourth order iterative ethods preseted by Thukral Shara et al Shegguo et al ad Soleyai et al [ ] Method It is well established that the irst two step is the Thukral ourth order ethod [0] ad the ew third step is i the or o the Osada third order ethod [] Cosequetly we obtai a ew twelth order ethod based o these two well-established ethod The ew schee is give as ( y = z = y i (5 i / ( y ( (6 i= ( ( ( z = z ( ( N 0 is the iitial guess ad provided that the deoiator o (7 is ot equal to zero Theore Let α I be a ultiple zero o a suicietly dieretiable uctio : I R R or a ope iterval I with ultiplicity which icludes 0 as a (7 iitial guess o α The the iterative ethod deied by schee (7 has twelth order covergece Proo Let α be a ultiple root o ultiplicity o a suicietly dieretiable uctio ( ad ( α = 0 We deote the errors give by each step as e= α e = yα ad eˆ = z α Usig the Taylor series epasio o ( ( α y y about α we have ( = e ce ce ce (8! ( ( α ( = e (! (9 ce ce ( ( α ( y = e ce ce ce (0! ( ( α ( y = e (! ( ce ce N ad c k = ( k! ( α ( ( k! ( α ( Moreover by (5 we have ( y = e = e ( ( c c c e e e The epasio o ( y about α ad sipliyig yields ( α c ( y = e! c ( c e c
3 Aerica Joural o Coputatioal ad Applied Matheatics 05 5(: -4 5 u c 4 u c c 4 c 6 c c e c (4 u = u = (5 Dividig (4 by (8 we have c ω ω e e e ( y = ( c c Furtherore we have ( ω ( y c ω e e e c (6 ω = (7 ω = c c 4 ω = ( ( c ( ( cc 4 ( c 6 cc Substitutig appropriate epressios i (6 we obtai z α = y α i we obtai the asyptotic error costat (8 i / ( y ( (9 i= ( ( ( 4 z α = c c c e (0 about α We progress to epad ( z ( z ( z we have ( ( α = eˆ ce ˆ ceˆ ce ˆ (! ( ( α (! = eˆ ( ce ˆ ceˆ ( ( α (! = eˆ ( ( ( ce ˆ ceˆ Substitutig appropriate epressios i (7 ( z ( e = z α ( (4 ( Sipliyig (4 we obtai the asyptotic error costat 4 e = c ( c c c c c ( c c c e (5 The epressio (5 establishes the asyptotic error costat or the twelth order o covergece or the ew Newto-type ethod deied by (7 Method Aother twelth order iterative ethod is costructed by usig a ourth order ethod preseted by Shegguo et al [5] As beore the irst two steps is the Shegguo et al ethod ad third step is i the or o Osada third order ethod The ew twelth-order iterative ethod is give as y ( = (6 z ( ( y ( ( = y (7
4 6 R Thukral: New Twelth Order Iterative Methods or Fidig Multiple Roots o Noliear Equatios Theore ( z = z ( (8 ( α I be a ultiple zero o a suicietly Let dieretiable uctio : I R R or a ope iterval I with ultiplicity which icludes 0 as a iitial guess o α The the iterative ethod deied by schee (8 has twelth order covergece Proo Usig appropriate epressios i the proo o the theore ad substitutig the ito (8 we obtai the asyptotic error costat 4 6 e = 54 ( ( c c c c c (9 5 ( sc s cc c e s = (0 s = ( The epressio (9 establishes the asyptotic error costat or the twelth order o covergece or the ew Newto-type ethod deied by (8 Method The third twelth order iterative ethod is based o the Shara et al ourth order ethod preseted i [7] Here also the irst two steps is the Shara et al ethod ad third step is i the or o Osada third order ethod The ew twelth order iterative ethod is give as y ( = ( ( z = k 8 ( ( k ( k ( y ( y ( ( ( z = z ( (4 ( k = 4 8 (5 k = ( (6 ( ( Theore Let α I be a ultiple zero o a suicietly dieretiable uctio : I R R or a ope iterval I with ultiplicity which icludes 0 as a iitial guess o α The the iterative ethod deied by schee (4 has twelth order covergece Proo Usig appropriate epressios i the proo o the theore ad substitutig the ito (4 we obtai the asyptotic error costat 4 6 e = 54 ( c c c c c 5 ( sc s4 cc c e 5 4 (7 s = (8 s4 = (9 The epressio (7 establishes the asyptotic error costat or the twelth order o covergece or the ew Newto-type ethod deied by (4 4 Method 4 The ourth twelth order iterative ethod is based o the Soleyai et al ourth order ethod preseted i [6] Here also the irst two steps is the Soleyai et al ethod ad third step is i the or o Osada third order ethod The ew twelth order iterative ethod is give as
5 Aerica Joural o Coputatioal ad Applied Matheatics 05 5(: -4 7 y ( = 4q t z = q t q q t qt ( z (40 (4 = z ( (4 ( q Theore 4 ( = q = 6 p t ( ( y = t = (4 (44 α I be a ultiple zero o a suicietly Let dieretiable uctio : I R R or a ope iterval I with ultiplicity which icludes 0 as a iitial guess o α The the iterative ethod deied by schee (4 has twelth order covergece Proo Usig appropriate epressios i the proo o the theore ad substitutig the ito (4 we obtai the asyptotic error costat 7 6 e = 54 ( ( c c c c c (45 6 ( sc 5 s6 cc c e 4 s5 = 8 (46 4 s6 = (47 The epressio (45 establishes the asyptotic error costat or the twelth order o covergece or the ew Newto-type ethod deied by (4 4 New Forulas or Approiatig the Multiplicity I this sectio we derive soe ew orulas to approiate the ultiplicity o the ethod I [6] Thukral preseted a ew orula or approiatig the ultiplicity as ( (48 ( ( ( I act this orula was discovered by Lagouaelle i [9] ad apparetly Thukral rediscovered this orula However epirically we have oud that the orula should be epressed as ( (49 The approiatios obtaied by the ew ad old orulas are based o the Schroder secod order ethod [4] give as ( ( = (50 Deiitio 5 Suppose that ad are three successive iteratios closer to the root α The the coputatioal order o covergece ay be approiated by the ollowig; l ( l (5 This orula was actually preseted by Traub [7] ad the ollowig ew orulas are actually the iproveets o the above orulas; (5 r 4 r rr r 5 r rr 6 r r r r r r r r r 7 r r r = = = (5 (54 (55 (56 r r r (57
6 8 R Thukral: New Twelth Order Iterative Methods or Fidig Multiple Roots o Noliear Equatios The errors o the above approiats are give by e = (58 The perorace o these orulas are displayed i the table 4 5 The Established Methods For the purpose o copariso two iterative ethods preseted i [0 ] are cosidered Sice these ethods are well established the essetial orulas are used to calculate the approiate solutio o the give oliear equatios ad thus copare the eectiveess o the ew twelth order ethod The irst o the ethod is i act a eighth order ethod preseted i [] ad is epressed as y ( = (59 z ( y = y (60 y = z (6 ( z The secod ethod is by Mir et al ad is preseted i [0] This ethod is actually a teth order ad is epressed as y ( = (6 / ( y ( y z = y ( ( y / = z ( y 6 Nuerical Results (6 (64 I this sectio we shall preset the uerical results obtaied by eployig the iterative ethods (7 (8 (4 (4 (6 ad (64 to solve soe oliear equatios with kow ultiplicity To deostrate the perorace o the ew higher order iterative ethods we use te particular oliear equatios We shall deterie the cosistecy ad stability o results by eaiig the covergece o the ew iterative ethods The idigs are geeralised by illustratig the eectiveess o the higher order ethods or deteriig the ultiple root o a oliear equatio Cosequetly we give estiates o the approiate solutio produced by the ethods cosidered ad list the errors obtaied by each o the ethods The uerical coputatios listed i the tables were perored o a algebraic syste called Maple I act the errors displayed are o absolute value ad isigiicat approiatios by the various ethods have bee oitted i the ollowig tables The ew twelth order ethod requires si uctio evaluatios ad has the order o covergece twelve To deterie the eiciecy ide o the ew ethods we shall use the deiitio Hece the eiciecy ide o the ew ethods give by (7 (8 (4 ad (4 is 6 as the eiciecy ide o the eighth ad teth order ethods (6 ad (64 is give by 6 8 ad 6 0 respectively We ca see that the eiciecy ide o the ew twelth order ethod has better eiciecy ide tha the eighth ad teth order ethod The test uctios with kow ultiplicities ad their eact root α are displayed i table The dierece betwee the root α ad the approiatio or test uctios with iitial guess 0 are displayed i table Table shows the absolute errors obtaied by each o iterative ethods described we see that the ew twelth order ethods are producig better results tha the established ethods Furtherore the coputatioal order o covergece (COC are displayed i table Fro the table we observe that the COC perectly coicides with the theoretical result I additio the dierece betwee the ultiplicity ad the approiatio with iitial guess 0 are displayed i table 4 I table 4 we observe that there is o sigiicat dierece betwee the Lagouaelle orula (48 ad the recetly itroduced orulas (5-(56 as the Traub s ethod (5 is perorig poorly I act is calculated by usig the sae total uber o uctio evaluatios (TNFE or all ethods which is ater three iteratios 7 Coclusios I this paper our ew twelth order iterative ethods or solvig oliear equatios with ultiple roots have bee itroduced Covergece aalysis proves that the ew ethods preserve their order o covergece Siply cobiig the two well-established ethods we have achieved a twelth order o covergece The prie otive o presetig these ew ethods was to establish a higher order o covergece ethod tha the eistig ethods [-8] The eectiveess o the ew twelth order ethods is eaied by showig the accuracy o the ultiple roots o several oliear equatios Ater a etesive eperietatio it ca be cocluded that the covergece o the tested ultipoit ethods o the twelth order is rearkably ast The ai purpose o deostratig the ew ethods or dieret types o oliear equatios was purely to illustrate the accuracy o the approiate solutio the stability o the covergece the cosistecy o the results ad to deterie the eiciecy o the ew iterative ethods
7 Aerica Joural o Coputatioal ad Applied Matheatics 05 5(: -4 9 We have show uerically ad veriied that the ew iterative ethods coverge to the order twelth Epirically we have oud i ay cases that the ew orulas or approiatig the ultiplicity are perorig better tha Table Test uctios ultiplicity root α ad iitial guess 0 the established ethods Fially we have costructed ew higher order iterative ethods but uortuately these ew ethods are ot o optial order hece urther ivestigatio is essetial Fuctios Roots Iitial guess = ( 4 0 = 50 α = = 7 ( = e si ( cos( 5 = 0 α = = 5 ( = ( = α = 0 = 4 = ep 70 = 50 α = 0 = ( 5 = cos = 99 α = = 08 6 si = = 0 α = = ( = e e ( ( ta ( e 0 ( l ( 5 7 = 5 α = = 4 8 = = 00 α = = 8 = = 7 α = = 5 = = 000 α = = 59 Table Copariso o ultipoit iterative ethods i (6 (64 (8 (4 (4 (7 086e e e e-4 098e-98 08e-84 06e-0 00e-7 058e e e e-59 0e e e-54 09e e e e e e-45 09e-45 0e e e e e e e e e e-56 05e e e-84 06e e e e-74 04e e-7 098e e- 089e e e e e e-86 0e e-79 07e-5 060e e e-6 0e e e e e-484
8 40 R Thukral: New Twelth Order Iterative Methods or Fidig Multiple Roots o Noliear Equatios Table Perorace o COC i (6 (64 (8 (4 (4 ( Table 4 Perorace o ew orulas or approiatig ultiplicity i (56 (49 (55 (5 (54 (5 (5 09e-49 09e e e e-5 09e e-4 085e-4 089e-4 089e-4 070e-4 085e e-6 046e-6 0e-6 0e-6 04e-6 046e e e e e e e e-8 04e-8 074e-8 074e-8 069e-8 04e e e e e-40 0e e e- 08e- 044e- 044e- 045e- 08e e-0 040e-0 07e-0 07e-0 07e-0 040e e-0 07e-0 048e-0 048e-0 049e-0 07e e-49 0e e e e-49 0e REFERENCES [] Biazar B Ghabari A ew third-order aily o oliear solvers or ultiple roots Coput Math Appl 59 ( [] C Chu B Neta A third-order odiicatio o Newto ethod or ultiple roots Appl Math Coput ( [] C Chu H Bae B Neta New ailies o oliear third-order solvers or ultiple roots Coput Math Appl 57 ( [4] C Dog A basic theore o costructig a iterative orula o the higher order o coputig ultiple roots o a equatio Math Nuber Siica ( [5] C Dog A aily o ultipoit iterative uctios or idig ultiple roots o equatio It J Coput Math ( [6] W Gautschi Nuerical Aalysis: a Itroductio
9 Aerica Joural o Coputatioal ad Applied Matheatics 05 5(: -4 4 Birkhauser 997 [7] B Ghabari B Rahii M G Porshokouhi A ew class o third-order ethods or ultiple zeros It J Pure Aplll Sci Tech ( [8] S Kuar V Kawar S Sigh O soe odiied ailies o ultipoit iterative ethods or ultiple roots o oliear equatios Appl Math Coput 8 ( [9] J L Lagouaelle Sur ue tode de calcul de l ordre de ultiplicity des zros d u polye C R Acad Sci Paris Sr A 6 ( [0] N A Mir K Bibi N Raiq Three-step ethod or idig ultiple roots o oliear equatio Lie Sci (7 04: [] B Neta New third order oliear solvers or ultiple roots Appl Math Coput 0 ( [] N Osada A optial ultiple root-idig ethod o order three J Coput Appl Math 5 (994 - [] M S Petkovic B Neta L D Petkovic J Dzuic Multipoit ethods or solvig oliear equatios Elsevier 0 [4] E Schroder Uber uedich viele Algorithe zur Aulosug der Gleichuge Math A ( [5] L Shegguo L Xiagke C Lizhi A ew ourth-order iterative ethod or idig ultiple roots o oliear equatios Appl Math Coput 5 ( [6] F Soleyai D K R Baba Coputig ultiple zeros usig a class o quartically coverget ethods 5 ( [7] J R Shara R Shara New third ad ourth order oliear solvers or coputig ultiple roots Appl Math Coput 7 ( [8] R Thukral A ew third-order iterative ethod or solvig oliear equatios with ultiple roots J Math Coput 6 ( [9] R Thukral A ew ith-order iterative ethod or idig ultiple roots o oliear equatios Aer J Coput Appl Math ( [0] R Thukral Itroductio to higher order iterative ethods or idig ultiple roots o solvig oliear equatios It J Math Coput 0 [] R Thukral A ew aily o ultipoit iterative ethods or idig ultiple roots o oliear equatios Aer J Coput Appl Math ( [] R Thukral A aily o three-poit ethods o eighth-order or idig ultiple roots o oliear equatios J Mod Meth Nuer Math 4 (0-9 [] R Thukral New ith-order iterative ethods or solvig oliear equatios with ultiple roots Aer J Coput Appl Math 04 4 (: 77-8 [4] R Thukral A aily o three-poit ethods o eighth-order or idig ultiple roots o oliear equatios J Mod Meth Nuer Math 5( ( [5] R Thukral A ew aily ourth-order iterative ethod or solvig oliear equatios with ultiple roots J Nuer Math Stoch 6 (: [6] R Thukral New variats o the Schroder ethod or idig zeros o oliear equatios havig ukow ultiplicity J Adv Math 8( ( [7] J F Traub Iterative Methods or solutio o equatios Chelsea publishig copay New York 977 [8] Z Wu X Li A ourth-order odiicatio o Newto s ethod or ultiple roots IJRRAS 0 ( (
A New Family of Multipoint Iterative Methods for Finding Multiple Roots of Nonlinear Equations
Aerica Joural o Coputatioal ad Applied Matheatics 3, 3(3: 68-73 DOI:.593/j.ajca.333.3 A New Faily o Multipoit Iterative Methods or Fidig Multiple Roots o Noliear Equatios R. Thukral Padé Research Cetre,
More information-ORDER CONVERGENCE FOR FINDING SIMPLE ROOT OF A POLYNOMIAL EQUATION
NEW NEWTON-TYPE METHOD WITH k -ORDER CONVERGENCE FOR FINDING SIMPLE ROOT OF A POLYNOMIAL EQUATION R. Thukral Padé Research Cetre, 39 Deaswood Hill, Leeds West Yorkshire, LS7 JS, ENGLAND ABSTRACT The objective
More informationLecture 11. Solution of Nonlinear Equations - III
Eiciecy o a ethod Lecture Solutio o Noliear Equatios - III The eiciecy ide o a iterative ethod is deied by / E r r: rate o covergece o the ethod : total uber o uctios ad derivative evaluatios at each step
More informationSome Variants of Newton's Method with Fifth-Order and Fourth-Order Convergence for Solving Nonlinear Equations
Copyright, Darbose Iteratioal Joural o Applied Mathematics ad Computatio Volume (), pp -6, 9 http//: ijamc.darbose.com Some Variats o Newto's Method with Fith-Order ad Fourth-Order Covergece or Solvig
More informationModification of Weerakoon-Fernando s Method with Fourth-Order of Convergence for Solving Nonlinear Equation
ISSN: 50-08 Iteratioal Joural o AdvacedResearch i Sciece, Egieerig ad Techology Vol. 5, Issue 8, August 018 Modiicatio o Weerakoo-Ferado s Method with Fourth-Order o Covergece or Solvig Noliear Equatio
More informationInternational Journal of Mathematical Archive-4(9), 2013, 1-5 Available online through ISSN
Iteratioal Joural o Matheatical Archive-4(9), 03, -5 Available olie through www.ija.io ISSN 9 5046 THE CUBIC RATE OF CONVERGENCE OF GENERALIZED EXTRAPOLATED NEWTON RAPHSON METHOD FOR SOLVING NONLINEAR
More informationCS537. Numerical Analysis and Computing
CS57 Numerical Aalysis ad Computig Lecture Locatig Roots o Equatios Proessor Ju Zhag Departmet o Computer Sciece Uiversity o Ketucky Leigto KY 456-6 Jauary 9 9 What is the Root May physical system ca be
More informationCS321. Numerical Analysis and Computing
CS Numerical Aalysis ad Computig Lecture Locatig Roots o Equatios Proessor Ju Zhag Departmet o Computer Sciece Uiversity o Ketucky Leigto KY 456-6 September 8 5 What is the Root May physical system ca
More informationApplication of Homotopy Analysis Method for Solving various types of Problems of Ordinary Differential Equations
Iteratioal Joural o Recet ad Iovatio Treds i Coputig ad Couicatio IN: 31-8169 Volue: 5 Issue: 5 16 Applicatio of Hootopy Aalysis Meod for olvig various types of Probles of Ordiary Differetial Equatios
More informationSolving a Nonlinear Equation Using a New Two-Step Derivative Free Iterative Methods
Applied ad Computatioal Mathematics 07; 6(6): 38-4 http://www.sciecepublishiggroup.com/j/acm doi: 0.648/j.acm.070606. ISSN: 38-5605 (Prit); ISSN: 38-563 (Olie) Solvig a Noliear Equatio Usig a New Two-Step
More informationHigher-order iterative methods by using Householder's method for solving certain nonlinear equations
Math Sci Lett, No, 7- ( 7 Mathematical Sciece Letters A Iteratioal Joural http://dxdoiorg/785/msl/5 Higher-order iterative methods by usig Householder's method for solvig certai oliear equatios Waseem
More informationFuzzy n-normed Space and Fuzzy n-inner Product Space
Global Joural o Pure ad Applied Matheatics. ISSN 0973-768 Volue 3, Nuber 9 (07), pp. 4795-48 Research Idia Publicatios http://www.ripublicatio.co Fuzzy -Nored Space ad Fuzzy -Ier Product Space Mashadi
More informationTwo-step Extrapolated Newton s Method with High Efficiency Index
Jour of Adv Research i Damical & Cotrol Systems Vol. 9 No. 017 Two-step Etrapolated Newto s Method with High Efficiecy Ide V.B. Kumar Vatti Dept. of Egieerig Mathematics Adhra Uiversity Visakhapatam Idia.
More informationThe Differential Transform Method for Solving Volterra s Population Model
AASCIT Couicatios Volue, Issue 6 Septeber, 15 olie ISSN: 375-383 The Differetial Trasfor Method for Solvig Volterra s Populatio Model Khatereh Tabatabaei Departet of Matheatics, Faculty of Sciece, Kafas
More informationBertrand s postulate Chapter 2
Bertrad s postulate Chapter We have see that the sequece of prie ubers, 3, 5, 7,... is ifiite. To see that the size of its gaps is ot bouded, let N := 3 5 p deote the product of all prie ubers that are
More informationTaylor Polynomials and Approximations - Classwork
Taylor Polyomials ad Approimatios - Classwork Suppose you were asked to id si 37 o. You have o calculator other tha oe that ca do simple additio, subtractio, multiplicatio, or divisio. Fareched\ Not really.
More informationMaclaurin and Taylor series
At the ed o the previous chapter we looed at power series ad oted that these were dieret rom other iiite series as they were actually uctios o a variable R: a a + + a + a a Maclauri ad Taylor series +
More informationTopic 9 - Taylor and MacLaurin Series
Topic 9 - Taylor ad MacLauri Series A. Taylors Theorem. The use o power series is very commo i uctioal aalysis i act may useul ad commoly used uctios ca be writte as a power series ad this remarkable result
More informationOn the Fibonacci-like Sequences of Higher Order
Article Iteratioal Joural of oder atheatical Scieces, 05, 3(): 5-59 Iteratioal Joural of oder atheatical Scieces Joural hoepage: wwwoderscietificpressco/jourals/ijsaspx O the Fiboacci-like Sequeces of
More informationLebesgue Constant Minimizing Bivariate Barycentric Rational Interpolation
Appl. Math. If. Sci. 8, No. 1, 187-192 (2014) 187 Applied Matheatics & Iforatio Scieces A Iteratioal Joural http://dx.doi.org/10.12785/ais/080123 Lebesgue Costat Miiizig Bivariate Barycetric Ratioal Iterpolatio
More informationA new sequence convergent to Euler Mascheroni constant
You ad Che Joural of Iequalities ad Applicatios 08) 08:7 https://doi.org/0.86/s3660-08-670-6 R E S E A R C H Ope Access A ew sequece coverget to Euler Mascheroi costat Xu You * ad Di-Rog Che * Correspodece:
More informationA New Type of q-szász-mirakjan Operators
Filoat 3:8 07, 567 568 https://doi.org/0.98/fil7867c Published by Faculty of Scieces ad Matheatics, Uiversity of Niš, Serbia Available at: http://www.pf.i.ac.rs/filoat A New Type of -Szász-Miraka Operators
More informationChapter 2 The Solution of Numerical Algebraic and Transcendental Equations
Chapter The Solutio of Numerical Algebraic ad Trascedetal Equatios Itroductio I this chapter we shall discuss some umerical methods for solvig algebraic ad trascedetal equatios. The equatio f( is said
More informationENGI 4430 Advanced Calculus for Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Problem Set 4 Solutions [Numerical Methods]
ENGI 3 Advaced Calculus or Egieerig Facult o Egieerig ad Applied Sciece Problem Set Solutios [Numerical Methods]. Use Simpso s rule with our itervals to estimate I si d a, b, h a si si.889 si 3 si.889
More informationNew Families of Fourth-Order Derivative-Free Methods for Solving Nonlinear Equations with Multiple Roots
Arica Joural o Coputatioal ad Applid Mathatics (4: 7- DOI:.59/j.ajca.4. Nw Failis o Fourth-Ordr Drivativ-Fr Mthods or Solvig Noliar Equatios with Multipl Roots R. Thukral Padé Rsarch Ctr 9 Daswood Hill
More informationNumerical Solution of Nonlinear Integro-Differential Equations with Initial Conditions by Bernstein Operational Matrix of Derivative
Iteratioal Joural of Moder Noliear heory ad Applicatio 3-9 http://ddoiorg/36/ijta38 Published Olie Jue 3 (http://wwwscirporg/joural/ijta) Nuerical Solutio of Noliear Itegro-Differetial Equatios with Iitial
More informationApplied Mathematics Letters
Applied Mathematics Letters 5 (01) 03 030 Cotets lists available at SciVerse ScieceDirect Applied Mathematics Letters joural homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/aml O ew computatioal local orders of covergece
More informationTHE SOLUTION OF NONLINEAR EQUATIONS f( x ) = 0.
THE SOLUTION OF NONLINEAR EQUATIONS f( ) = 0. Noliear Equatio Solvers Bracketig. Graphical. Aalytical Ope Methods Bisectio False Positio (Regula-Falsi) Fied poit iteratio Newto Raphso Secat The root of
More informationAutomated Proofs for Some Stirling Number Identities
Autoated Proofs for Soe Stirlig Nuber Idetities Mauel Kauers ad Carste Scheider Research Istitute for Sybolic Coputatio Johaes Kepler Uiversity Altebergerstraße 69 A4040 Liz, Austria Subitted: Sep 1, 2007;
More informationSome New Iterative Methods for Solving Nonlinear Equations
World Applied Scieces Joural 0 (6): 870-874, 01 ISSN 1818-495 IDOSI Publicatios, 01 DOI: 10.589/idosi.wasj.01.0.06.830 Some New Iterative Methods for Solvig Noliear Equatios Muhammad Aslam Noor, Khalida
More informationObservations on Derived K-Fibonacci and Derived K- Lucas Sequences
ISSN(Olie): 9-875 ISSN (Prit): 7-670 Iteratioal Joural of Iovative Research i Sciece Egieerig ad Techology (A ISO 97: 007 Certified Orgaizatio) Vol. 5 Issue 8 August 06 Observatios o Derived K-iboacci
More informationNewton Homotopy Solution for Nonlinear Equations Using Maple14. Abstract
Joural of Sciece ad Techology ISSN 9-860 Vol. No. December 0 Newto Homotopy Solutio for Noliear Equatios Usig Maple Nor Haim Abd. Rahma, Arsmah Ibrahim, Mohd Idris Jayes Faculty of Computer ad Mathematical
More information7. Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)
7 Discrete ourier Trasor (DT) 7 Deiitio ad soe properties Discrete ourier series ivolves to seueces o ubers aely the aliased coeiciets ĉ ad the saples (T) It relates the aliased coeiciets to the saples
More informationRoot Finding COS 323
Root Fidig COS 33 Why Root Fidig? Solve or i ay equatio: b where? id root o g b 0 Might ot be able to solve or directly e.g., e -0. si3-0.5 Evaluatig might itsel require solvig a dieretial equatio, ruig
More informationNumerical Solution of Non-linear Equations
Numerical Solutio of Noliear Equatios. INTRODUCTION The most commo reallife problems are oliear ad are ot ameable to be hadled by aalytical methods to obtai solutios of a variety of mathematical problems.
More informationAVERAGE MARKS SCALING
TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS SERVICE CENTRE Level 1, 100 Royal Street East Perth, Wester Australia 6004 Telephoe (08) 9318 8000 Facsiile (08) 95 7050 http://wwwtisceduau/ 1 Itroductio AVERAGE MARKS SCALING I
More informationNEW FAST CONVERGENT SEQUENCES OF EULER-MASCHERONI TYPE
UPB Sci Bull, Series A, Vol 79, Iss, 207 ISSN 22-7027 NEW FAST CONVERGENT SEQUENCES OF EULER-MASCHERONI TYPE Gabriel Bercu We itroduce two ew sequeces of Euler-Mascheroi type which have fast covergece
More information2.2 Limits Involving Infinity AP Calculus
. Liits Ivolvig Iiity AP Calculus. LIMITS INVOLVING INFINITY We are goig to look at two kids o its ivolvig iiity. We are iterested i deteriig what happes to a uctio as approaches iiity (i both the positive
More informationResearch Article A New Second-Order Iteration Method for Solving Nonlinear Equations
Abstract ad Applied Aalysis Volume 2013, Article ID 487062, 4 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/487062 Research Article A New Secod-Order Iteratio Method for Solvig Noliear Equatios Shi Mi Kag, 1 Arif
More informationThree-Step Iterative Methods with Sixth-Order Convergence for Solving Nonlinear Equations
Article Three-Step Iteratie Methods with Sith-Order Coergece or Solig Noliear Eqatios Departmet o Mathematics, Kermashah Uiersity o Techology, Kermashah, Ira (Correspodig athor; e-mail: bghabary@yahoocom
More informationQuiz. Use either the RATIO or ROOT TEST to determine whether the series is convergent or not.
Quiz. Use either the RATIO or ROOT TEST to determie whether the series is coverget or ot. e .6 POWER SERIES Defiitio. A power series i about is a series of the form c 0 c a c a... c a... a 0 c a where
More informationPRELIMINARY MATHEMATICS LECTURE 5
SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF LONDON DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS 5 / - 6 5 MSc Ecoomics PRELIMINARY MATHEMATICS LECTURE 5 Course website: http://mercur.soas.ac.uk/users/sm97/teachig_msc_premath.htm
More informationCHAPTER 6c. NUMERICAL INTERPOLATION
CHAPTER 6c. NUMERICAL INTERPOLATION A. J. Clark School o Egieerig Departmet o Civil ad Evirometal Egieerig y Dr. Irahim A. Assakka Sprig ENCE - Computatio Methods i Civil Egieerig II Departmet o Civil
More informationA Tabu Search Method for Finding Minimal Multi-Homogeneous Bézout Number
Joural of Matheatics ad Statistics 6 (): 105-109, 010 ISSN 1549-3644 010 Sciece Publicatios A Tabu Search Method for Fidig Miial Multi-Hoogeeous Bézout Nuber Hassa M.S. Bawazir ad Ali Abd Raha Departet
More informationDirect Solution of Initial Value Problems of Fourth Order Ordinary Differential Equations Using Modified Implicit Hybrid Block Method
Joural of Scietific Research & Reports (): 79-8, ; Article o. JSRR...7 ISSN: 7 SCIENCEDOMAIN iteratioal www.sciecedoai.org Direct Solutio of Iitial Value Probles of Fourth Order Ordiary Differetial Equatios
More informationProblem. Consider the sequence a j for j N defined by the recurrence a j+1 = 2a j + j for j > 0
GENERATING FUNCTIONS Give a ifiite sequece a 0,a,a,, its ordiary geeratig fuctio is A : a Geeratig fuctios are ofte useful for fidig a closed forula for the eleets of a sequece, fidig a recurrece forula,
More informationNotes on iteration and Newton s method. Iteration
Notes o iteratio ad Newto s method Iteratio Iteratio meas doig somethig over ad over. I our cotet, a iteratio is a sequece of umbers, vectors, fuctios, etc. geerated by a iteratio rule of the type 1 f
More informationSolving third order boundary value problem with fifth order block method
Matematical Metods i Egieerig ad Ecoomics Solvig tird order boudary value problem wit it order bloc metod A. S. Abdulla, Z. A. Majid, ad N. Seu Abstract We develop a it order two poit bloc metod or te
More informationA NUMERICAL METHOD OF SOLVING CAUCHY PROBLEM FOR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS BASED ON A LINEAR APPROXIMATION
U.P.B. Sci. Bull., Series A, Vol. 79, Iss. 4, 7 ISSN -77 A NUMERICAL METHOD OF SOLVING CAUCHY PROBLEM FOR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS BASED ON A LINEAR APPROXIMATION Cristia ŞERBĂNESCU, Marius BREBENEL A alterate
More informationThe Discrete-Time Fourier Transform (DTFT)
EEL: Discrete-Time Sigals ad Systems The Discrete-Time Fourier Trasorm (DTFT) The Discrete-Time Fourier Trasorm (DTFT). Itroductio I these otes, we itroduce the discrete-time Fourier trasorm (DTFT) ad
More information(s)h(s) = K( s + 8 ) = 5 and one finite zero is located at z 1
ROOT LOCUS TECHNIQUE 93 should be desiged differetly to eet differet specificatios depedig o its area of applicatio. We have observed i Sectio 6.4 of Chapter 6, how the variatio of a sigle paraeter like
More informationGeneralized Fibonacci-Like Sequence and. Fibonacci Sequence
It. J. Cotep. Math. Scieces, Vol., 04, o., - 4 HIKARI Ltd, www.-hiari.co http://dx.doi.org/0.88/ijcs.04.48 Geeralized Fiboacci-Lie Sequece ad Fiboacci Sequece Sajay Hare epartet of Matheatics Govt. Holar
More informationProbabilistic Analysis of Rectilinear Steiner Trees
Probabilistic Aalysis of Rectiliear Steier Trees Chuhog Che Departet of Electrical ad Coputer Egieerig Uiversity of Widsor, Otario, Caada, N9B 3P4 E-ail: cche@uwidsor.ca Abstract Steier tree is a fudaetal
More informationRAYLEIGH'S METHOD Revision D
RAYGH'S METHOD Revisio D B To Irvie Eail: toirvie@aol.co Noveber 5, Itroductio Daic sstes ca be characterized i ters of oe or ore atural frequecies. The atural frequec is the frequec at which the sste
More informationTHE CLOSED FORMS OF CONVERGENT INFINITE SERIES ESTIMATION OF THE SERIES SUM OF NON-CLOSED FORM ALTERNATING SERIES TO A HIGH DEGREE OF PRECISION.
THE CLSED FRMS F CNERGENT INFINITE SERIES ESTIMATIN F THE SERIES SUM F NN-CLSED FRM ALTERNATING SERIES T A HIGH DEGREE F PRECISIN. Peter G.Bass. PGBass M er..0.0. www.relativityoais.co May 0 Abstract This
More informationNewton s Method. y f x 1 x x 1 f x 1. Letting y 0 and solving for x produces. x x 1 f x 1. x 1. x 2 x 1 f x 1. f x 1. x 3 x 2 f x 2 f x 2.
460_008.qd //04 :7 PM Page 9 SECTION.8 Newto s Method 9 (a) a a Sectio.8 (, ( )) (, ( )) Taget lie c Taget lie c b (b) The -itercept o the taget lie approimates the zero o. Figure.60 b Newto s Method Approimate
More informationComparison Study of Series Approximation. and Convergence between Chebyshev. and Legendre Series
Applied Mathematical Scieces, Vol. 7, 03, o. 6, 3-337 HIKARI Ltd, www.m-hikari.com http://d.doi.org/0.988/ams.03.3430 Compariso Study of Series Approimatio ad Covergece betwee Chebyshev ad Legedre Series
More informationSolution: APPM 1360 Final Spring 2013
APPM 36 Fial Sprig 3. For this proble let the regio R be the regio eclosed by the curve y l( ) ad the lies, y, ad y. (a) (6 pts) Fid the area of the regio R. (b) (6 pts) Suppose the regio R is revolved
More informationBinomial transform of products
Jauary 02 207 Bioial trasfor of products Khristo N Boyadzhiev Departet of Matheatics ad Statistics Ohio Norther Uiversity Ada OH 4580 USA -boyadzhiev@ouedu Abstract Give the bioial trasfors { b } ad {
More informationMATH 10550, EXAM 3 SOLUTIONS
MATH 155, EXAM 3 SOLUTIONS 1. I fidig a approximate solutio to the equatio x 3 +x 4 = usig Newto s method with iitial approximatio x 1 = 1, what is x? Solutio. Recall that x +1 = x f(x ) f (x ). Hece,
More informationPartial New Mock Theta Functions
Alied Matheatics, (: 6-5 DOI:.59/j.a..9 Partial New Mock Theta Fuctios Bhaskar Srivas tava Deartet o Matheatics ad Astrooy, Luckow Uiversity, Luckow, Idia Abstract By usig a sile idetity o ie, I have roved
More informationExercise 8 CRITICAL SPEEDS OF THE ROTATING SHAFT
Exercise 8 CRITICA SEEDS OF TE ROTATING SAFT. Ai of the exercise Observatio ad easureet of three cosecutive critical speeds ad correspodig odes of the actual rotatig shaft. Copariso of aalytically coputed
More informationChapter 2. Asymptotic Notation
Asyptotic Notatio 3 Chapter Asyptotic Notatio Goal : To siplify the aalysis of ruig tie by gettig rid of details which ay be affected by specific ipleetatio ad hardware. [1] The Big Oh (O-Notatio) : It
More informationNewton s Method. Video
SECTION 8 Newto s Method 9 (a) a a Sectio 8 (, ( )) (, ( )) Taget lie c Taget lie c b (b) The -itercept o the taget lie approimates the zero o Figure 60 b Newto s Method Approimate a zero o a uctio usig
More information5. Fast NLMS-OCF Algorithm
5. Fast LMS-OCF Algorithm The LMS-OCF algorithm preseted i Chapter, which relies o Gram-Schmidt orthogoalizatio, has a compleity O ( M ). The square-law depedece o computatioal requiremets o the umber
More informationSection 1 of Unit 03 (Pure Mathematics 3) Algebra
Sectio 1 of Uit 0 (Pure Mathematics ) Algebra Recommeded Prior Kowledge Studets should have studied the algebraic techiques i Pure Mathematics 1. Cotet This Sectio should be studied early i the course
More informationFIR Filter Design: Part I
EEL3: Discrete-Time Sigals ad Systems FIR Filter Desig: Part I. Itroductio FIR Filter Desig: Part I I this set o otes, we cotiue our exploratio o the requecy respose o FIR ilters. First, we cosider some
More informationThe Hypergeometric Coupon Collection Problem and its Dual
Joural of Idustrial ad Systes Egieerig Vol., o., pp -7 Sprig 7 The Hypergeoetric Coupo Collectio Proble ad its Dual Sheldo M. Ross Epstei Departet of Idustrial ad Systes Egieerig, Uiversity of Souther
More informationNumerical Solutions of Second Order Boundary Value Problems by Galerkin Residual Method on Using Legendre Polynomials
IOSR Joural of Mathematics (IOSR-JM) e-issn: 78-578, p-issn: 319-765X. Volume 11, Issue 6 Ver. IV (Nov. - Dec. 15), PP 1-11 www.iosrjourals.org Numerical Solutios of Secod Order Boudary Value Problems
More informationThe Phi Power Series
The Phi Power Series I did this work i about 0 years while poderig the relatioship betwee the golde mea ad the Madelbrot set. I have fially decided to make it available from my blog at http://semresearch.wordpress.com/.
More informationCalculus 2 - D. Yuen Final Exam Review (Version 11/22/2017. Please report any possible typos.)
Calculus - D Yue Fial Eam Review (Versio //7 Please report ay possible typos) NOTE: The review otes are oly o topics ot covered o previous eams See previous review sheets for summary of previous topics
More informationTIME-PERIODIC SOLUTIONS OF A PROBLEM OF PHASE TRANSITIONS
Far East Joural o Mathematical Scieces (FJMS) 6 Pushpa Publishig House, Allahabad, Idia Published Olie: Jue 6 http://dx.doi.org/.7654/ms99947 Volume 99, umber, 6, Pages 947-953 ISS: 97-87 Proceedigs o
More information62. Power series Definition 16. (Power series) Given a sequence {c n }, the series. c n x n = c 0 + c 1 x + c 2 x 2 + c 3 x 3 +
62. Power series Defiitio 16. (Power series) Give a sequece {c }, the series c x = c 0 + c 1 x + c 2 x 2 + c 3 x 3 + is called a power series i the variable x. The umbers c are called the coefficiets of
More informationA collocation method for singular integral equations with cosecant kernel via Semi-trigonometric interpolation
Iteratioal Joural of Mathematics Research. ISSN 0976-5840 Volume 9 Number 1 (017) pp. 45-51 Iteratioal Research Publicatio House http://www.irphouse.com A collocatio method for sigular itegral equatios
More informationPOWER SERIES SOLUTION OF FIRST ORDER MATRIX DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Joural of Applied Mathematics ad Computatioal Mechaics 4 3(3) 3-8 POWER SERIES SOLUION OF FIRS ORDER MARIX DIFFERENIAL EQUAIONS Staisław Kukla Izabela Zamorska Istitute of Mathematics Czestochowa Uiversity
More information2. F ; =(,1)F,1; +F,1;,1 is satised by thestirlig ubers of the rst kid ([1], p. 824). 3. F ; = F,1; + F,1;,1 is satised by the Stirlig ubers of the se
O First-Order Two-Diesioal Liear Hoogeeous Partial Dierece Equatios G. Neil Have y Ditri A. Gusev z Abstract Aalysis of algoriths occasioally requires solvig of rst-order two-diesioal liear hoogeeous partial
More informationComplete Solutions to Supplementary Exercises on Infinite Series
Coplete Solutios to Suppleetary Eercises o Ifiite Series. (a) We eed to fid the su ito partial fractios gives By the cover up rule we have Therefore Let S S A / ad A B B. Covertig the suad / the by usig
More informationRiemann Hypothesis Proof
Riea Hypothesis Proof H. Vic Dao 43 rd West Coast Nuber Theory Coferece, Dec 6-0, 009, Asiloar, CA. Revised 0/8/00. Riea Hypothesis Proof H. Vic Dao vic0@cocast.et March, 009 Revised Deceber, 009 Abstract
More informationA Mathematical Note Convergence of Infinite Compositions of Complex Functions
A Matheatical Note Covergece o Iiite Copositios o Coplex Fuctios Joh Gill ABSTRACT: Ier Copositio o aalytic uctios ( () ) ad Outer Copositio o aalytic uctios ( () ) are variatios o siple iteratio, ad their
More informationNumerical Conformal Mapping via a Fredholm Integral Equation using Fourier Method ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION
alaysia Joural of athematical Scieces 3(1): 83-93 (9) umerical Coformal appig via a Fredholm Itegral Equatio usig Fourier ethod 1 Ali Hassa ohamed urid ad Teh Yua Yig 1, Departmet of athematics, Faculty
More informationIN many scientific and engineering applications, one often
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTING SCIENCE AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS, VOL 3, NO, FEBRUARY 07 5 Secod Degree Refiemet Jacobi Iteratio Method for Solvig System of Liear Equatio Tesfaye Kebede Abstract Several
More informationMost text will write ordinary derivatives using either Leibniz notation 2 3. y + 5y= e and y y. xx tt t
Itroductio to Differetial Equatios Defiitios ad Termiolog Differetial Equatio: A equatio cotaiig the derivatives of oe or more depedet variables, with respect to oe or more idepedet variables, is said
More informationμ are complex parameters. Other
A New Numerical Itegrator for the Solutio of Iitial Value Problems i Ordiary Differetial Equatios. J. Suday * ad M.R. Odekule Departmet of Mathematical Scieces, Adamawa State Uiversity, Mubi, Nigeria.
More informationCHAPTER 5: FOURIER SERIES PROPERTIES OF EVEN & ODD FUNCTION PLOT PERIODIC GRAPH
CHAPTER : FOURIER SERIES PROPERTIES OF EVEN & ODD FUNCTION POT PERIODIC GRAPH PROPERTIES OF EVEN AND ODD FUNCTION Fuctio is said to be a eve uctio i: Fuctio is said to be a odd uctio i: Fuctio is said
More informationd y f f dy Numerical Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations Consider the 1 st order ordinary differential equation (ODE) . dx
umerical Solutio o Ordiar Dieretial Equatios Cosider te st order ordiar dieretial equatio ODE d. d Te iitial coditio ca be tae as. Te we could use a Talor series about ad obtai te complete solutio or......!!!
More informationPhys. 201 Mathematical Physics 1 Dr. Nidal M. Ershaidat Doc. 12
Physics Departmet, Yarmouk Uiversity, Irbid Jorda Phys. Mathematical Physics Dr. Nidal M. Ershaidat Doc. Fourier Series Deiitio A Fourier series is a expasio o a periodic uctio (x) i terms o a iiite sum
More informationSolution of Differential Equation from the Transform Technique
Iteratioal Joural of Computatioal Sciece ad Mathematics ISSN 0974-3189 Volume 3, Number 1 (2011), pp 121-125 Iteratioal Research Publicatio House http://wwwirphousecom Solutio of Differetial Equatio from
More informationAfter the completion of this section the student
Chapter II CALCULUS II. Liits ad Cotiuity 55 II. LIMITS AND CONTINUITY Objectives: After the copletio of this sectio the studet - should recall the defiitios of the it of fuctio; - should be able to apply
More informationOn twin primes associated with the Hawkins random sieve
Joural of Nuber Theory 9 006 84 96 wwwelsevierco/locate/jt O twi pries associated with the Hawkis rado sieve HM Bui,JPKeatig School of Matheatics, Uiversity of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 TW, UK Received 3 July
More informationMa 530 Introduction to Power Series
Ma 530 Itroductio to Power Series Please ote that there is material o power series at Visual Calculus. Some of this material was used as part of the presetatio of the topics that follow. What is a Power
More informationAN EXTENSION OF A RESULT ABOUT THE ORDER OF CONVERGENCE
Bulleti o Mathematical Aalysis ad Applicatios ISSN: 8-9, URL: http://www.bmathaa.or Volume 3 Issue 3), Paes 5-34. AN EXTENSION OF A RESULT ABOUT THE ORDER OF CONVERGENCE COMMUNICATED BY HAJRUDIN FEJZIC)
More informationModified Decomposition Method by Adomian and. Rach for Solving Nonlinear Volterra Integro- Differential Equations
Noliear Aalysis ad Differetial Equatios, Vol. 5, 27, o. 4, 57-7 HIKARI Ltd, www.m-hikari.com https://doi.org/.2988/ade.27.62 Modified Decompositio Method by Adomia ad Rach for Solvig Noliear Volterra Itegro-
More informationLecture 19. Curve fitting I. 1 Introduction. 2 Fitting a constant to measured data
Lecture 9 Curve fittig I Itroductio Suppose we are preseted with eight poits of easured data (x i, y j ). As show i Fig. o the left, we could represet the uderlyig fuctio of which these data are saples
More informationTaylor polynomial solution of difference equation with constant coefficients via time scales calculus
TMSCI 3, o 3, 129-135 (2015) 129 ew Treds i Mathematical Scieces http://wwwtmscicom Taylor polyomial solutio of differece equatio with costat coefficiets via time scales calculus Veysel Fuat Hatipoglu
More informationAbelian Theorem for Generalized Fourier-Laplace Transform
Iteratioal Joural o Iovatio ad Applied Studies ISSN 2028-9324 Vol. 8 No. 2 Sep. 204, pp. 549-555 204 Iovative Space o Scietiic Research Jourals http://www.ijias.issr-jourals.org/ Abelia Theore or Geeralized
More informationNICK DUFRESNE. 1 1 p(x). To determine some formulas for the generating function of the Schröder numbers, r(x) = a(x) =
AN INTRODUCTION TO SCHRÖDER AND UNKNOWN NUMBERS NICK DUFRESNE Abstract. I this article we will itroduce two types of lattice paths, Schröder paths ad Ukow paths. We will examie differet properties of each,
More informationSolving Nonlinear Stochastic Diffusion Models with Nonlinear Losses Using the Homotopy Analysis Method
Applied Matheatics, 4, 5, 5-7 Published Olie Jauary 4 (http://www.scirp.org/joural/a) http://d.doi.org/.436/a.4.54 Solvig Noliear Stochastic Diffusio Models with Noliear Losses Usig the Hootopy Aalysis
More informationCommon Coupled Fixed Point of Mappings Satisfying Rational Inequalities in Ordered Complex Valued Generalized Metric Spaces
IOSR Joural of Mathematics (IOSR-JM) e-issn: 78-578, p-issn:319-765x Volume 10, Issue 3 Ver II (May-Ju 014), PP 69-77 Commo Coupled Fixed Poit of Mappigs Satisfyig Ratioal Iequalities i Ordered Complex
More informationChapter 4. Fourier Series
Chapter 4. Fourier Series At this poit we are ready to ow cosider the caoical equatios. Cosider, for eample the heat equatio u t = u, < (4.) subject to u(, ) = si, u(, t) = u(, t) =. (4.) Here,
More informationf(x) dx as we do. 2x dx x also diverges. Solution: We compute 2x dx lim
Math 3, Sectio 2. (25 poits) Why we defie f(x) dx as we do. (a) Show that the improper itegral diverges. Hece the improper itegral x 2 + x 2 + b also diverges. Solutio: We compute x 2 + = lim b x 2 + =
More information