Multi (building)physics modeling

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1 Multi (building)physics modeling van Schijndel, A.W.M. Published: 01/01/2010 Document Version Publisher s PDF, also known as Version of Record (includes final page, issue and volume numbers) Please check the document version of this publication: A submitted manuscript is the author's version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Schijndel, van, A. W. M. (2010). Multi (building)physics modeling. conference; Invited speaker at workshop; ; ,. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 04. Oct. 2018

2 Buildings as Dynamic Complex Systems (BuilDCoSy) Jos van Schijndel

3 Buildings as Dynamic Complex Systems Contents Building Physics in Eindhoven My research The tools Applications PAGE 1

4 Some TU/e facts and figures: Founded in Departments ~ 3000 total staff ~ 2000 faculty ~ 7000 undergraduates ~ 650 PhD researchers PAGE 2

5 Some ABP facts and figures: Founded in Units ADE, UMDS, SDCT, BPS ~ 200 total staff ~ 140 faculty ~ 1700 undergraduates ~ 50 PhD researchers PAGE 3

6 Unit Building Physics and Systems acoustics HAM (heat, air & moisture) Research Education lighting good (indoor) Environment Materials installations Design PAGE 4

7 Heat, Air and Moisture (HAM) promovendi PAGE 5

8 BPS Lab Laboratories BPS has well equipped laboratories with a total area of 2100 m2 and 6 technical staff. Research is carried out in the laboratories as well in situ. The facilities allow for a wide range of experiments related to acoustics, lighting, air quality, moisture and heat, airflow, materials, urban climate, etc. The facilities include a powerful computing environment for advanced simulation software. PAGE 6

9 Buildings as Dynamic Complex Systems My Research Where are Complex systems in the built environment? PAGE 7

10 Buildings as Dynamic Complex Systems What is special on complex systems? The whole is greater than the sum of the individual parts PAGE 8

11 Buildings as Dynamic Complex Systems What is special on complex systems? Butterfly effect: Small parameter variations may produce large variations in the long term behavior of the system. PAGE 9

12 Importance of BuildCoSy Where are the dynamic complex systems at the built environment? Everywhere and on several scales ~ km ~ 10 m ~ 1 m ~ mm PAGE 10

13 Importance of BuildCoSy Urban Area ~ km Present dynamic complex systems: Urban Systems & Control * District heating * Earth heating Urban Physics * Climate PAGE 11

14 Importance of BuildCoSy Building ~ 10 m Present dynamic complex systems: Building Systems & Control * Central Air-conditioning * Ground heat exchangers Building Physics * External boundary conditions PAGE 12

15 Importance of BuildCoSy Indoor climate ~ 1 m Present dynamic complex systems: Indoor climate Systems * Additional local Systems Indoor climate Physics * Health * Thermal comfort PAGE 13

16 Importance of BuildCoSy Material ~ mm Present dynamic complex systems: Material Physics * Durability PAGE 14

17 Buildings as Dynamic Complex Systems Butterfly effect: Small parameter variations may produce large variations in the long term behavior of the system. PAGE 15

18 Buildings as Dynamic Complex Systems Tools Research Tools... Literature Theory Measurement Simulation Modeling PAGE 16

19 Tools HOW? Modeling based on physics Using state of art scientific software Multi Buildings MatLab Multi Systems & Control ODE SimuLink Multi Details PDE Comsol PAGE 17

20 Tools Detail modeling physics: PDEs scientific software: Comsol Comsol PDEs heat ρc p air T + ( λ T) + ρc pu T = 0 t moisture p t v + ( D p ) + u p = 0 v v PAGE 18

21 Tools Systems&Control modeling physics: ODEs scientific software: SimuLink SimuLink ODEs heatpump PAGE 19

22 Tools Buildings modeling physics: HAMBase scientific software: MatLab MatLab HAMBase From: International Energy Agency Annex 41 report (2008) Validation benchmark PAGE 20

23 Tools Integrated modeling HAMLab MatLab/SimuLink/COMSOL PAGE 21

24 Buildings as Dynamic Complex Systems Applications :Research Matrix Optimal Leading Topic Predictability Inverse Operation Edge Scale Modeling Control Modeling ~ mm Detail PDEs ~ m Building PDEs & ODEs ~ km Urban ODEs PAGE 22

25 Past Performance Predictability Chaotic behavior of the indoor climate Int. Comsol. Conf. Milan 2009 (model) Predictability in scale model Int. Comsol. Conf. Hannover 2008 (model & experiments) Predictability of the indoor climate in a room Int. Energy Agency A (model & experiments) PAGE 23

26 Past Performance Inverse Modeling Inverse modeling to obtain moisture source properties Int. Build Phys Conf Dresden Int. Journal Build. Phys (model & experiments) Inverse modeling for material properties Int. Build Phys. Conf. Istanbul 2009 (model & experiments) PAGE 24

27 Buildings as Dynamic Complex Systems Applications in house developed 1 Heat & Moisture transport inside materials 2 Vapor transport inside wood 3 3D Heat 4 Air transport inside materials 5 Airflow 6 3D Moisture PAGE 25

28 Application 1: Heat and moisture transport PDEs Potential T, LPc PDE coefficients formulation Material properties function of T, LPc C C C K K C K K T LPc LPc= T LPc T = ( K 11 T + K 12 LPc) t LPc = ( K 21 T + K 22 LPc) t 10 = ρ c = λ = l log( Pc) lv Pc M w δ p φ Psat, LPc ρ RT w Pc = Pc LPc Pc = K δ p LPc Psat = δ p φ, T a Pc M w φ Psat, LPc ρ RT a PAGE 26

29 Calculating PDE coefficients using material properties, method 1/2 PDE coefficients lookup tables calculated in MatLab using: heat conduction coefficients specific heat density liquid permeability moisture retention curve vapour permeability C C T LPc T = ( K 11 T + K 12 LPc) t LPc = ( K 21 T + K 22 LPc) t PAGE 27

30 Calculating PDE coefficients using material properties, result 2/2 C C T LPc T = ( K 11 T + K 12 LPc) t LPc = ( K 21 T + K 22 LPc) t PAGE 28

31 PAGE 29 Verification HAMSTAD Benchmark no 1 ) ( ) ( ) ( p p g p p l T T h q i i lv i i = + = β β 0 ) ( = = g T T h q e e

32 Verification Heat & Moisture PAGE 30

33 Verification Heat COMSOL Reference PAGE 31

34 Verification Moisture COMSOL Reference PAGE 32

35 Application 2: vapor transport in wood NMR moisture content measurement NMR moisture content measurement PAGE 33

36 NMR moisture content measurement PAGE 34

37 Moisture transport model, validation PAGE 35

38 Application 3: Heat 3D PAGE 36

39 Application 4 HAM modeling Influence of micro air movement a b Outside Inside PAGE 37

40 PAGE 38 HAM modeling (only vapour) Physics 0 ) ( : 0; ) ( : 0 ) ( : = + + = = + = + + v v v p p p p D t p Moisture P K P K t P Air T C T t T C Heat u u u ρ λ ρ 0 ) ( : ); ( ) ( : : 0 : ; : : 0 ) ( : ); ( ) ( : : inf 0 inf = = = = = = v v v v p D Insulation p p p D Flux P K Insulation P P Pressure T Insulation T T h T Flux n n Moisture n Air n n Heat β λ λ PDEs Boundary values

41 HAM modeling Simulation of Relative Humidity Air velocity = 0 Air velocity +10 m /s Air velocity -10 m /s PAGE 39

42 HAM modeling Influence of micro air movement a b Summary A (so far immeasurable) low air movement of order 10-5 m/s seems to have significant impact on the RH PAGE 40

43 Application 5 Airflow Outdoor : wind and rain around a building PAGE 41

44 Indoor Air : Thermal Comfort, convector PAGE 42

45 Indoor Air: Thermal Comfort, Church bench PAGE 43

46 Application 6: Moisture 3D PAGE 44

47 Thank you Questions? Fore more information visit my homepage: PAGE 45