The class meets daily for 80 minutes for the entire school year. Chapter or unit tests occur every two to three weeks.

Transcription

1 Over view of AP Physics: Students who are interested in majoring in engineering, the physical sciences or mathematics and have completed or will be taking a calculus course at the start of the coming school year are encouraged to take AP Physics. Texts: The textbook is Understanding Physics, 1 st Ed, Parts 1 and 2 by Cummings, Laws, Redish and Cooney, 2004 Wiley. This calculus based textbook is a rewrite of Fundamentals of Physics, 6 th Ed, by Halliday, Resnick and Walker 2001 Wiley. Understanding Physics follows the storyline of the Workshop Physics Activity Guide, Modules 1 and 2, 1 st Ed, by Laws, 1997 Wiley. Course Description: AP Physics C: Mechanics is equivalent to a calculus based introductory college physics course that includes a laboratory component. The course is devoted to Newtonian Mechanics and is designed to prepare students for the AP Physics C Mechanics Exam given in May. The course requires a basic understanding of differential and integral calculus and prior or concurrent course work in calculus is necessary for success in AP Physics C. Schedule: The class meets daily for 80 minutes for the entire school year. Chapter or unit tests occur every two to three weeks. Grading: Exams and quizzes 50% Labs 30% Homework Sets 20% AP Physics is a year long course weighted at five quality points rather than four and includes four nine weeks grades plus a mid term and a final. The four nine weeks grades count as double and make up 8/10 of the course grade while the mid term and final each count as 1/10 of the course grade. Organization around Models: The course is organized around models as used in the Arizona Sate University Modeling curriculum, rather than by physics topics. Each model is introduced through a

2 paradigm lab, a series of Workshop Physics activities or a series of Tools for Scientific Thinking activities. [Models, as defined by David Hestenes, represent the structure of a phenomenon and involve coherent, multiple representations of this structure. These representations include written descriptions, graphs and curve fits of data, statements of relationships between variables, motion map diagrams and free body diagrams.] Students use guided inquiry to construct models based on reasoning from experimental evidence that leads to conceptual understanding. One benefit of this approach is that it helps students avoid the pitfall of regarding formulas and problem solving based on formula selection as the primary focus of physics. Laboratory Activities: Laboratory activities are an integral part of the course and a minimum of twenty percent of class time is devoted to lab work. A major objective of AP physics is to have students experience first hand the interplay between observations, experiments, definitions, mathematical description and the construction of models. Students spend less time listening to lectures and more time doing activities, and paradigm labs. Students make predictions and observations, do guided derivations, and learn to use graphing calculators and computer tools to develop mathematical models of phenomena. This approach emphasizes the processes of scientific investigation and the development of investigative skills by providing hands on experience with physical phenomenon in order to better understand physics concepts and mathematical derivations and minimize rote memorization. Students work in small groups to perform mostly hands on laboratory assignments, but each student must write and hand in his or her own report. Formal lab reports must adhere to a laboratory write up checklist and activity packets are usually written as they are performed in class. Students are required to keep a portfolio of all laboratory investigations and reports. Many experiments are technology intensive. Students use Vernier and Pasco sensors with a Lab Pro Interface or use VideoPoint software for data collection and use Logger Pro, Graphical Analysis or Microsoft Excel for data analysis. Early on, students learn to develop models by straightening the curve first on TI 83 Plus graphing calculators and then on computers using Graphical Analysis. Students also learn to graph predictions along side actual data. Laboratory investigations unless otherwise indicated are hands on, student conducted and usually follow one of two formats: Modeling (ASU) Paradigm experiments use the following format: 1. Pre lab discussion to identify relevant variables and broad parameters for experimental design. 2. Individual teams develop and execute their detailed lab procedures 3. Each team constructs appropriate graphical and mathematical models.

3 4. At least 1 team conducts a detailed post lab defense of their experimental procedures, techniques of data analysis and model construction. Work Shop Physics and Tools for Scientific Thinking (TST) activities usually follow the following format: 1. Students make predictions about the phenomenon being studied that require them to examine their preconceptions. 2. Lab teams reflect on their observations of the actual phenomenon and refine their conceptions. 3. Each team develops definitions and derives equations based on theoretical considerations. 4. Teams perform experiments intended to verify (theoretical) predictions and apply their understanding to the solution of problems. AP Physics C Course Syllabus Unit (text chapter) Unit I Experimental Design and Analysis of Data (1 1 to 1 10) (6 3) Unit IV Free Particle (FP) Model Inertia and Interactions (3 2,3 4,3 5,3 7, 3 8,3 10) (6 4) Topics, Labs & Assignments Units, conversion, dimensional analysis, significant figures Experimental design, control of variables, measurement, underlying assumptions Uncertainty and error analysis Data collection Mathematical modeling (data analysis, interpreting graphs) Evaluation of the gravitational force law Lab Report: presentation and defense of findings Gravitational Force Lab (80 min) Unit I Reading: Measurement & Significant Figures Unit I Reading: Experimental Design & Graphical Analysis of Data Unit 1Reading: Summary of Graphical Methods Passive Forces Newton's 1st law (Galileo's thought experiment) Interaction and force Newton's 3rd law Superposition principle Statics: equilibrium of a particle, force diagrams Time (days/weeks) 3/<1 15/3

4 TST Passive Forces Lab: Tenson, Normal & Friction Forces (3days) Force Tutorial I & II (2days) Unit IV Reading: Forces & Force Diagrams Unit IV Reading: Vector Analysis and Trigonometry Unit IV Worksheets 1 4 Inertia Exploration Lab (80 min) MUHSA Video: Inertia UP Ch 6 pg168(11 14,16,19); pg170(28 30,32); pg171(51); pg172(62); pg175(87,89,90,95) Unit IV Test Vectors (4 3 to 4 7) Unit II Constant Velocity Particle Model Objects in Translation With Constant Velocity (2 1 to 2 3) Unit III Particle Undergoing Uniform Acceleration Objects in Linear Translation with Constant Acceleration (2 4 to 2 5) (3 9) Graphical and mathematical addition of vectors Adding vectors graphically Rectangular vector components Unit Vectors Multiplying and dividing a vector by a scalar Unit IV Reading: Vector Analysis and Trigonometry UP Ch 4 pg102(1,2,12 14); pg103(5,8); pg(7,9); pg103(15,18,19,26,28) Test on Vectors Reference system, position and trajectory What is a particle model? Vector vs scalar concepts What is a free particle (FP)? What is its domain? FP s kinematical properties and law of motion Motion maps of free particles Multiple representations (graphical, algebraic, diagrammatic) Dimensions and units Workshop Physics Activities:(2days) 3.2 Describing position changes with words and graphs 3.3 Describing Velocity with words and graphs 3.4 Relating position and velocity graphs Unit II Reading: Motion Maps UP Ch 2 pg47(1 4); pg48(5,6,8,9); pg51(51) Average vs. instantaneous rate of change: the case of velocity Instantaneous velocity as a derivative Acceleration vs. velocity Average vs. instantaneous rate of change: the case of acceleration Instantaneous acceleration as a derivative Definition and interpretation of the derivative Rules for differentiation What is a Constant Force Particle (CFP)? What is its domain? CFP s kinematical properties and laws of motion Motion maps of constant force particles Multiple representations (graphical, algebraic, diagrammatic) Free fall Workshop Physics Activities (3 days) 3.5 Introduction to Acceleration 3.6 Velocity & Acceleration for Changing Motion 3.7 Calculating Velocity and Acceleration from Position Data 5/1 5/1 10/2

5 Unit V Constant Force Particle Model (CFP) Force as Cause of Acceleration in Linear Translation (3 1,3 3,3 6, 6 6) Unit VI Particle Models in Two Dimensions Describing and Explaining Translation in a Plane by Combining FP and One Dimensional CFP models (5 2,5 3) Unit VIII Central Force Particle Model Objects in Circular Translation (5 7) 3.8 Defining Average Velocity Mathematically in One Dimension 3.9 Defining Average Acceleration Mathematically 3.10 Acceleration as the Slope of a Velocity Graph 3.11 Determining Instantaneous Velocities & Accelerations by Differentiation MUHSA Video: Free Fall UP Ch 2 pg48(20,22 25,27,28); pg48(10 13,15,17,19,34) UP Ch 3 pg83(24 26,31,37);(27,29,32 34); pg55(71 74cd) Test on Unit II & III What Causes Acceleration? A Single Force and Acceleration Along a Line Newton s Second Law for a Single Force Applying Newton s Laws CFP s dynamical properties, force diagrams and motion maps Modeling in paradigm problems Workshop Physics Activities (3 days) 5.2 Motion from a Constant Force 5.5 Measuring Acceleration as a Function of Force 5.9 How Mass Affects Acceleration Unit V Worksheets 1 4 UP Ch 3 pg(81(1,2,4,6,8,18); pg167(2,6,7); pg171(45,46,57; 86(63) HRW Ch5 pg31(58); pg32(67,72); pg33(83 86) HRW Ch 6 pg39(55); pg40(65); pg41(81,82) Unit V Test Projectile Motion (application of two particle models: FP & CFP) Extend 1 D math models to 2 D projectile motion Decompose projectile motion vectors into x and y components Describe projectile motion as the simultaneous occurrence of two 1 D motions(horizontal and vertical) Extend force diagrams and motion maps to motions in 2 D Superposition principle FP in different inertial reference systems (FP + FP) CFP in different inertial reference systems (CFP + FP) Application of CFP in two dimensions: the case of a projectile Horizontal projection Projection at an angle Kinematical and dynamical properties Video Analysis of Projectile Motion with VideoPoint(80min) Bull s Eye Lab UP Ch 5 pg131(1 5, 7,12,13,17) Uniform Circular Motion: Derive the mathematical model describing the relationship between force, mass, radius and velocity v 2 F F mv 2 F = mv 2 mr r r Construct force diagrams which display the force acting on an object 13/<3 7/<2 8/<2

6 Unit IX Impulsive Force Particle Model Conservation of Linear Momentum (7 1 to 7 7) undergoing uniform circular motion Distinguish between centripetal and centrifugal force Particle in translation with variable acceleration, centripetal and tangential Components; vertical circles Describing and explaining uniform circular translation: centripetal acceleration and force Modeling Paradigm Lab for Uniform Circular Motion (2days) MUSHA Video: UCM Unit VIII Worksheets 1 4 UP Ch 5 pg134(46 49,51,52,57) Test on Units VI & VIII Collisions and Explosions Translational Momentum of a Particle. Isolated Systems of Particles. Impulse and Momentum Change. Newton s Laws and Momentum Conservation. Simple Collisions and Conservation of Momentum. Conservation of Momentum in Two Dimensions. 15/3 Workshop Physics Activities: One Dimensional Collisions (3days) 8.1 Overview; 8.2 Defining Momentum; 8.3 Newton s 2 nd Law as a Function of Momentum 8.4 Momentum Change and Collision Forces; 8.5 Applying Newton s 2 nd Law to the Collision Process 8.6 The Impulse Momentum Theorem; 8.7Verification of the Impulse Momentum Theorem 8.8 Predicting Interaction Forces Between Objects; 8.9 Measuring Mutual Forces of Interaction 8.10 Deriving and Verifying Momentum Conservation MUHSA Video: Conservation of Momentum UP Ch 7 pg199(7,9 12,18,21); pg200(15,16,22); pg201(27 32,34,36); pg202(41,50,54,60 62) Unit IX Test The Motion of Complex Objects. Defining the Position of a Complex Object. Extended Systems The Effective Position Center of Mass. 10/2 (8 1 to 8 6) Locating a System s Center of Mass. Newton s Laws for a System of Particles. The Momentum of a Particle System. Workshop Physics Activities: Center of Mass (3days) 9.4 Defining a Center for a two particle system 9.5 Defining Center of Mass in One Dimension 9.6 Using the 1D Center of Mass Equation in Calculations 937 Using Equations to Calculate Center of Mass in 2D 9.8 Center of Mass for an Extended Object Finding Center of Mass Without Equations; Center of Mass Demonstrations UP Ch 8 pg221(1 3,5)(6 8,10,19,20); pg222(21,23,25,26,36,37) Test on Extended Systems

7 Unit VII Energy Explaining Particle Translation via Conservation of Energy (9 1 to 9 10) Introduction Introduction to Work and Kinetic Energy. The Concept of Physical Work. Calculating Work for Constant Forces. Work Done by a Spring Force. Work for a One Dimensional Variable Force General Considerations. Force and Displacement in More Than One Dimension. Multiplying a Vector by a Vector: The Dot Product. Net Work and Translational Kinetic Energy. Power. 13/<3 Workshop Physics Activities: Work & Kinetic Energy (2 days) 10.7 Work Needed to Stretch a Spring 10.8 Calculating Work When the Force Is Not Constant 10.9 Defining Kinetic Energy and Relating It to Work Derivation of the Work Kinetic Energy Theorem Experimental Verification of the Work Kinetic Energy Theorem UP Ch 9 pg251(1,2,3,5); pg252(17,29,31,36,37,40,43)(20,21,39,41,44,45) HRW PS#1 pg47(45,48,50,51,53) UP pg252(18,19,46); pg253(22,24,25); pg255(48,49,51 53,55 58) Ch 9 Test Work and Path Dependence. Potential Energy as Stored Work. Potential Energy Mechanical Energy Conservation. And Reading a Potential Energy Curve. Energy Non conservative Forces and Energy. Conservation Conservation of Energy. One Dimensional Energy and Momentum Conservation. (10 1 to 10 10) One Dimensional Elastic Collisions. Two Dimensional Energy and Momentum Conservation. Workshop Physics Activities: Energy Conservation (4 Days) 11.2 Is Mechanical Energy Conserved for a Tossed Ball? 11.3 Mechanical Energy Conservation 11.4 Is Mechanical Energy Conserved for a Sliding Object? 11.5 Conservative and Non conservative Forces: The Loop Rule 11.6 The Conservation of Missing Energy 11.7 The Popper Is Mechanical Energy Conserved? UP Ch 10 pg287(11 16); pg288(10,18,19,21,23,25,28); pg291(46,50 52,56,64) Pg294(83,87,88,91)(74,78) Ch 10 Test 12/<3

8 Rotation (11 1 to 11 9) Translation and Rotation. The Rotational Variables. Rotation with Constant Rotational Acceleration. Relating Translational and Rotational Variables. Kinetic Energy of Rotation. Calculating Rotational Inertia. Torque. Newton s Second Law for Rotation. Work and Rotational Kinetic Energy Calculating the rotational inertia of an object Spool Torque Demonstrator Workshop Physics Activities: Rotational Motion Experimental Verification of Newton s 2 nd Law for a Rotating Disk(80 min) UP Ch 11 pg323(1,3 5,7)(8 11)(19 21,23);pg325(33 6,40,42,44) Pg326(45 48)(49 53,54,55,57); pg327(58 63,66);pg326(37 39) Ch 11 Test 7/<2 Complex Rotations (12 1 to 12 10) Gravitation (14 1 to 14 6) About Complex Rotations. Combining Translations with Simple Rotations. Rotational Variables as Vectors. The Vector or Cross Product. Torque as a Vector Product. Rotational Form of Newton s Second Law. Rotational Momentum. The Rotational Momentum of a System of Particles. The Rotational Momentum of a Rigid Body Rotating About a Fixed Axis. Conservation of Rotational Momentum. Sphere, Disk, Hoop Incline Race Primitive & Modern Yo yos Workshop Physics Activities:Angular Momentum(2 days) 13.5 Observing a Spinning Bicycle Wheel 13.6 Torque and Change in Angular Momentum 13.7 Angular Momentum Conservation: Flipping a Spinning Wheel Fast vs. Slow Flips 13.9 Flipping a Rotating Bicycle Wheel What Changes? Changing Your Rotational Inertia UP Ch 12 pg(355(1,3 6); pg356(7 10)(15 20); pg357(25 28,30) pg357(31 33,36); pg358(37,39,40,42,44,47,48,56) Ch 12 Test Our Galaxy and the Gravitational Force. Kepler s Laws Newton s Law of Gravitation. Gravitation and Superposition. Gravitation in the Earth's Vicinity. Gravitational Potential Energy Escape Speed. 11/<2 1/0

9 Oscillations (16 1 to 16 6) Review for AP Exam Inverse Square Law Lab (40 min) Kepler Equal Area Lab (40 min) UP Ch 14 pg406(1,2,4,6,8,9,10); pg407(15,16,17,20) Pg408(26,29,30,32,34,36 39) Periodic Motion: An Overview. The Mathematics of Sinusoidal Oscillations. Simple Harmonic Motion: The Mass Spring System. Velocity and Acceleration for Simple Harmonic Motion. Gravitational Pendula. Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion. Workshop Physics Activities: Harmonic Motion (4 days) 14.2 Characteristics of Periodic Systems 14.3 Useful Definitions of Periodic Systems 14.4 Graphing Periodic Motion with a Motion Detector 14.5 What is Simple Harmonic Motion? 14.6 Was the Motion You Measured Harmonic? 14.7 Theoretical Confirmation of SHM fro a Spring Mass System 14.8 A Mathematical Model for the Spring Mass System UP Ch 16 pg468(1 4,9)(11 14,16); pg471(48 56); pg470(33 35,38 42) Ch 16 Test 8/<2 2/0 *Times are subject to change when I figure out the calendar a little better