OVERVIEW of FTU RESULTS

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1 OVERVIEW of FTU RESULTS Angelo A. Tuccillo on behalf of FTU and ECRH teams and A. Alekseyev, V. Lazarev, S. Mirnov (TRINITI, Troitsk, RF) A. Biancalani, F. Pegoraro (University of Pisa) L. Chen (University of California-Irvine/Zhejiang University) U. de Angelis (University of Naples) I.E. Lyublinski, A. Vertkov (FSUE Red Star, Moscow, RF) J.R. Martin olis (Universidad Carlos III, Madrid, SP) S. Ratynskaia, S. Annibaldi (Royal Institute of Technology, SE) R. Zagórski (IPPL, Warsaw, PL)

2 - New Diagnostics OUTLINE (Overview FTU results) - Improved Plasmas with LLL G. Mazzitelli et al. EX-P4-6 - Electron Fishbones studies R. Cesario et al. EX-P Shear-Alfvén Waves in presence of a magnetic island A. Biancalani et al. TH/P3-5 - Disruption Avoidance by ECRH B. Esposito et al. EX/7-3Ra - Dust dynamic studies C. Castaldo et al. EX/P4-5 - Future plans Compact (circular) all metallic device R=0.93m, a=0.3m, Bt 8T, Ip 1.6MA LHCD P 2 MW f=8 GHz ECRH P 1.5MW f=140 GHz Changeable materials Poloidal Limiter Capillar Porous System Liquid Lithium Limiter Molibdenum Toroidal Limiter

3 New Hardware Since last IAEA-FEC, two new diagnostics have been installed on FTU: - A prototype time-of-flight refractometer at 60 GHz, has been successfully tested measurements are fully in agreement with CO 2 interferometer data at ITER density and magnetic field. This system has reduced size, do not require mirrors inside the vessel and is not affected by fringe jumps good candidate for the ITER density feedback control. The final system to be installed on FTU with two frequencies is under development in collaboration with TRINITI institute (Moscow). - Oblique ECE: Is already producing preliminary data

4 New Hardware: Oblique ECE 4<#< ECE emission at 72, f= GHz is in agreement with emission at 90, f=280 GHz during Ohmic phase and moderate heating during ECRH. The 72 emission becomes lower than perpendicular, with broader second harmonic spectrum, during high heating ECRH phase ECH

5 New Hardware: Oblique ECE 5<#< ECE emission at 77 is higher than the perpendicular emission during LH, but lower than expected. Code interpretation is in progress N e =9x10 13 m -3 P LH =1.2 MW L H

6 Improved performance with Liquid Lithium Limiter - I LLL is now a routine tool in FTU operations. The high density regime with peaked profiles, that was just obtained at the time of last IAEA-FEC has been extensively studied n e In the peaked, high density phase electron thermal conductivity χ e decreases to values typical of FTU Saturated Ohmic Confinement In the high-peaked phase transport keeps being dominated by electrons. Ion thermal conductivity χ i remains close to its neoclassical value even at highest densities (1.6*n Greenwald )

7 Improved performance with Liquid Lithium Limiter - II The enhanced confinement seems to be triggered when the density peaking factor overcomes the threshold value of Regardless of the density value, almost all the 0.5 MA discharges with LLL tend to peak the density profile above the threshold value. Analysis in progress to identify the mode/turbulence stabilisation mechanism responsible of the improvement

8 Improved performance with Liquid Lithium Limiter-III The general behaviour of confinement time dependence on density in FTU has been documented in the past and shows the typical transition from the linear (LOC) regime to the saturated (SOC) regime n e

9 Improved performance with Liquid Lithium Limiter-III The general behaviour of confinement time dependence on density in FTU has been documented in the past and shows the typical transition from the linear (LOC) regime to the saturated (SOC) regime. High density discharges with LLL at 0.5MA show same behaviour but with higher threshold, ~70ms with respect to ~50 of the historical FTU data base n e

10 Improved performance with Liquid Lithium Limiter-III Similarities with the enhanced SOC threshold observed in multiple-pellet PEP discharges, which showed in their turn a very high peaked density profiles, reinforces the hypothesis that the enhanced confinement regime obtained with LLL could be also related to a higher density gradient in the plasma bulk, but higher current data Ip > 0.8 MA are needed

11 Electron Fishbones Studies-I At last FEC, FTU reported evidence of e-fishbones during high power LHCD A non linear dynamic model was used for interpreting the experimental evidence A systematic exploration of FTU plasma parameters and LH power has initiated to validate theory (F. Zonca et al, Nuc. Fusion ) MHD spectrograms in three similar sawtoothing shots with: No LH 0.3 MWLH power 0.5 MW LH power V. Pericoli et al, OV/3-4, FEC-06 F. Zonca et al, TH/3-2 Fishbone signature with LH only

12 Electron Fishbones Studies-II Soft-X ray Hard-x: 40-60keV Soft x-ray tomography detects the mode and provides time basis for Hard x-ray integration On mode time scale (0.1ms) e - flip-flops around mode localisation (kink structure) Fast FEB camera records perpendicular Hard x-ray emission giving indication on LH generated fast electrons 0.76 Time (s) ms integration sliding window analysis indicates MHD enhanced e - transport

13 Shear Alfvén Waves in presence of magnetic island-i - SAWs in a nonuniform equilibrium experience continuum damping near the resonant surfaces. - Understanding the continuous spectrum structure is relevant for plasma stability. - SAW continuous spectrum is modified by the interaction with magnetic islands BAE-CAP is shifted in space to the separatrix position BAE-CAP frequency is not modified by the island. New continuum accumulation points and new gaps in the continuous spectrum at the O- point. - New magnetic island induced Alfvén Eigenmodes (MiAE), excited via wave-particle resonances, provided that the island size is wide with respect to the mode

14 SAW in presence of magnetic island-ii - Shear Alfvén modes correlated with magnetic islands in FTU OH plasmas - Modes are seen in pairs --> Doppler shift of modes born in the island reference frame - The pair averaged frequency grows with island size consistently with theoretical continuum deformation - MiAE are localized in the center of the island and could be observed by ECE or soft X-ray, not by Mirnov coils - MiAE frequency expected higher than the BAE-CAP, while observed mode frequencies are lower than the BAE-CAP. The observed modes are BAE nonlinearly interacting with the magnetic island, via 3-wave coupling - MiAE-CAP frequency depends on mode numbers and magnetic island size. These frequency scalings could be used as novel magnetic island diagnostic.

15 Disruption Avoidance with ECRH-I After ECRH Before ECRH Disruption avoidance: when ECRH (no CD) is deposited (ECWGB 3D code, S. Nowak et al., PoP ) at resonant surface (q=3/2, q=2, q=3 in LBO induced disruptions) by poloidally steering 1-3 beams in constant magnetic field plasmas However current quench delayed when deposition radius is close to the MHD resonant surface

16 Disruption Avoidance with ECRH-II Modes couple before disruption, likely to be toroidal sidebands of each other and their harmonics Control of one mode leads to the simultaneous control of the others (B. Esposito et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, (2008) Aiming at 2/1 mode (2.5 cm FWHW deposition profile, P ECRH =1.0 MW, P abs = 0.6 MW, r dep = 14 cm) leads simultaneously to the decrease of the 3/1 mode, 5 cm apart with ~2 cm island width ECRH cannot affect directly the 3/1 mode I p T e0 ECRH MHD Island width and radius measured from soft-x tomographic reconstruction

17 Disruption Avoidance with ECRH-III 17<#< modified Rutherford equation (including asymmetric island parameters) and island rotation frequency equation used to study island evolution modes involved in the disruption found to be conventional tearing modes stabilized by a strong local ECRH heating ECRH reduces the growth of the width of the island which is subsequently slowed down by viscous and inertial torques

18 18<#< Dust dynamics studies-i: Dust-impact ionization The fluctuations in the ion saturation current detected by two adjacent (6 mm distance in poloidal direction) electrostatic probes are uncorrelated only for large (> 6 rms) events. Interpretation in terms of dust-impact ionization is supported by impact craters observed on the probe surface

19 Dust dynamics studies-ii: laser light scattering - Characterization of dust present in FTU after disruptions by laser scattering at laser λ = 1064 nm - Rayleigh modelling for particle radius 0.1 μm > a > 30 nm The average dust density is about 10 7 m -3 The size distribution follows a power law σ For larger particles the generalized Mie scattering theory should be used, taking into account spheroidal shape parameters and off-axis Gaussian-beam illumination: Rayleigh scattering approximation underestimates the particle radii by a factor Nonlinear laser-dust interaction is suggested by the occurrence of a broadband emission, well correlated in time with the light scattered at the laser wavelength 19<#<

20 New Hardware: under realisation Refurbishment of LH and ECRH for full power operations by end of 2009 New ECRH Launcher able of real time steering for: - mode control - large toroidal angles for CD and - electron Bernstein conversion for heating high density plasmas obtained with Lithized wall Collective Thomson Scattering in the ITER (frequency/magnetic field) configuration

21 NEW ECRH LAUNCHER FOR REAL TIME EXPERIMENT FTU new ECRH launcher Type: front steering Number of lines 2 Mirrors for each line 5 Movable optics for zooming 2 each line Waist into plasma (from-to) mm Minor radius covered 0-25 cm corresponding to: >75% plasma Poloidal angle (upper line) -35 to +25 Toroidal angle (continuous) -35 to +35 Reference angular velocity 0.1 /ms The upgrade of the ECRH antenna includes 2 steerable, real time controlled mirrors with fast movement in poloidal and toroidal directions. Techniques for plasma or instability control can be fully developed and tested. New capabilities of beam shaping (zooming) are for the first time implemented. CTS proof of principle in ITER like configuration.

22 OVERVIEW of FTU RESULTS Angelo A. Tuccillo on behalf of FTU and ECRH teams and A. Alekseyev, V. Lazarev, S. Mirnov (TRINITI, Troitsk, RF) A. Biancalani, F. Pegoraro (University of Pisa) L. Chen (University of California-Irvine/Zhejiang University) U. de Angelis (University of Naples) I.E. Lyublinski, A. Vertkov (FSUE Red Star, Moscow, RF) J.R. Martin olis (Universidad Carlos III, Madrid, SP) S. Ratynskaia, S. Annibaldi (Royal Institute of Technology, SE) R. Zagórski (IPPL, Warsaw, PL)

23 - New Diagnostics OUTLINE (Overview FTU results) - Improved Plasmas with LLL G. Mazzitelli et al. EX-P4-6 - Electron Fishbones studies R. Cesario et al. EX-P Shear-Alfvén Waves in presence of a magnetic island A. Biancalani et al. TH/P3-5 - Disruption Avoidance by ECRH B. Esposito et al. EX/7-3Ra - Dust dynamic studies C. Castaldo et al. EX/P4-5 - Future plans Compact (circular) all metallic device R=0.93m, a=0.3m, Bt 8T, Ip 1.6MA LHCD P 2 MW f=8 GHz ECRH P 1.5MW f=140 GHz Changeable materials Poloidal Limiter Capillar Porous System Liquid Lithium Limiter Molibdenum Toroidal Limiter

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