طريقة مستحدثة لتمثيل االشكال بأستخدام طريقة الشريحة الثالثية. An Implemented Approach for Representing Shapes by Using Cubic Spline.

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1 00 طريقة مستحدثة لتمثيل االشكال بأستخدام طريقة الشريحة الثالثية م. صالح جاسم محمد رئيس قسم علوم الحاسبات كلية المأمون الجامعة المستخلص: تضمن البحث تقديم طريقة مستحدثة لتمثيل األشكال باستخدام طريقة الشريحة الثالثية. ويتم تمثيل هذه اإلشكال من خالل تحديد اإلطار الخارج للشكل وتجزئته إلى عدة منحنيات وهذا النوع من البحوث له تطبيقات واسعة في الرسوم ومعالجة الصور. إن الطريقة المقدمة في هذا البحث يمكن تلخيصها في ثالث مراحل: المرحلة األولى هي مرحلة استخالص الشكل من الصورة باستخدام واحدة من طرق تمييز الحافات والمرحلة الثانية تحديد بعض النقاط في هذه الحافات والتي تمثل زاوية حادة في انحراف منحنيها والمرحلة الثالثة تطبيق طريقة الشريحة الثالثية على هذه النقاط. باإلضافة إلى إعطاء الجانب النظري لهذه الطريقة. A Implmtd Approac for Rprtg Sap Ug Cuc Spl. Sala Jam Moammd Atract: A mplmtd approac a troducd فخ rprt ap ug cuc pl mtod. Spl curv ar uful a vart of gomtrc modlg ad grapc applcato ad covrg prolm aoud practcal ttg. T papr df a cla of covrg dco prolm for ap oudd pl curv. A a frt tp addrg t prolm t papr trat tralatoal pl covrg for plaar cuc pl. Tr tag wll appld: frt tracto ap cod dtcto of Caractrtc Pot trd appld cuc pl. T tortcal d ar troducd t papr.. Itroducto: 4

2 00 T orgazato of t papr a follow. Scto gv a rf dcrpto of t cuc pl mtod. T da of corr dtcto plad Scto. T curv fttg tcqu dcud Scto 4. T practcal rult ar dmotratd Scto 5 ad t papr cocludd Scto. Modlg pl a wo a lot of populart varou appld fld of tud; pcfcall Computr Grapc ad Vualzato. T mtod automatcall dtrm t approprat umr ad locato of kot togtr wt optmal vctor of ap paramtr valu. If w av to mak a good modl from maurmt data avg a complcatd udrlg data t dffcult to appromat t a gl polomal. I t ca a pl o of t mot approprat cla of appromatg fucto to optmz t ap paramtr o tat a optmal pl ft gad to t targt data rad from t outl of t two dmoal ap []. A pl fucto a pcw polomal fucto jod togtr wt crta cotut codto atfd. Ral world umrcal data uuall dffcult to aalz. A fucto wc would ffctvl corrlat t data would dffcult to ota ad gl uwld. To t d t da of t cuc pl wa dvlopd. Ug t proc a r of uqu cuc polomal ar fttd tw ac of t data pot t curv otad cotuou ad appar moot. T cuc pl ca t ud to dtrm rat of cag ad cumulatv cag ovr a trval. w wll ol dcu pl wc trpolat quall pacd data pot. T pot t ca ar umrcal data. T wgt ar t coffct o t cuc polomal ud to trpolat t data [].. Imag Outl Etracto T tracto of t cotour pot from t gra-lvl mag t frt tp of t wol proc of ap rcogto. Durg t dgtzato proc covrtg t gra-lvl of mag t dg dtcto algortm ma appld [4]. T algortm rtur umr of oudar pot ad tr valu: kot:. Dtcto of Caractrtc Pot 44

3 00 Aftr fdg out oudar pot t t tp prprocg t dtcto of caractrtc pot. W ca catgorz tm to two clafcato: corr pot ad t gfcat pot [5]. CORNER DETECTION T corr pot ar to pot wc part t data to varou pc. Corr dtcto ormall rlatd to dtcto of g curvatur pot plaar curv. A umr of approac av propod rarcr. T papr propo t mpl tcqu ad o t curvatur aal. T corr pot ar arcd o t a of computato of g curvatur at ac data pot. T dtal of t procdur ar a follow. W appromat t curvatur C k at ac cotour pot a follow: C k k k k k. k k k A trold valu T for C k t uc a wa tat a pot F a corr pot f: C k tak local mama. C k >T. T valu of k dpd o vral factor uc a t clo of t data pot. Wtout trold valu t algortm too tv to mall varato of C k. T dmotrato of t corr dtcto cm a mad Fgur.. Som mor ampl would prmtd at t d of t papr w a complt algortm dmotrato mad. k 4. Appld Cuc Spl ad Algortm For a t of data pot uuall trmd kot: t lar pl a for 4. wr a ad ar paramtr to foud T C 0 codto ad ld quato at tror pot. T alog wt o codto at ac d pot gv a total of quato to matc t ukow: a. B applg t w gt 45

4 ةعماجلا نومأملا ةيلك ةلجم ددعلا سماخلا رشع wc rult tragt l jog gorg pot []. Clarl t Lagrag trpolato formula for t data t cotg of t followg two pot: ad. Hc t t oluto appromato for lar ft lmt o dmo. Grall a fucto calld a pl of dgr k o f ; 0 k j j ar all cotuou fucto o wr j t jt drvatv; a polomal of dgr k o ac trval. If k t pl calld a cuc pl. T t curvatur ar lar a trval ad dt valu at t pot a t compr a lar pl for t data t. Trfor 4. Itgratg ovr twc w gt d c 4.4 wr = + - ad c ad d ar cotat of tgrato. Applg t C 0 codto w gt ; d c 4.5 wc lad to 4. So t cuc pl dfd oc w av t. T valu of ca drvd from t C cotut codto. Dffrtatg t aov quato w gt

5 ةعماجلا نومأملا ةيلك ةلجم ددعلا سماخلا رشع ad wr 4.7 Alo B ttg at all tror pot w av 4.8 wc a trdagoal tm of quato trm of t ukow. Tr ar ukow ad quato. Two addtoal codto ar dd to dtrm t cuc pl. W t ar 0 t rultg pl ar calld t atural cuc pl. T quato ca rarragd a 0 0 v u 4.9 wr v u 4.0 T algortm wll prtd r. Iput wr t trpolato valu dd; Cck to f out of rag; f aort t program; f o procd; Calculat ad Equato 4.7; 4 Calculat u ad v 4.0; 5 Ag = 0 t calculat Equato 4.9 Fd t data trval wc rd; 7 Calculat accordg to Equato 4..

6 00 5. Ca Stud ad Rult: Gv t followg data w ota t atural cuc pl a follow: To calculat t d drvatv frt dtrm = 5 = = 4 = = 0.4 = -.5 = - 4 = Ug aov w ca calculat u ad v a u = 4 u = u 4 = v = -.4 v = v 4 = T from quato 4.9 w gt T valu of ad 4 ca otad ug t trdagoal olvr. T valu alog wt = 5 = 0 ca t ud to dtrm t pl. All algortm of t papr ar programmd Matla. T rult Fgur ar otad applg t algortm o a ap Fgur a. For t ap t oudar dtcto algortm appld Fg to t outl otad. T corr dtcto algortm dtctd t corr pot ow a crcl Fgur c. Otr rult for varou mol ad umr could alo ow. T Fgur ad Fgur dmotrat t rult of t algortm wt dtctd corr pot crcl ad gfcat pot. 48

7 00 a c d Fgur. a ap mag dtctd oudar c pot crcl dtctd o t outl oudar d appld cuc pl a c d Fgur. 49

8 00 a c d Fgur..Cocluo T mplmtd mtod for ap dgg a propod wc utal for a ap. I addto to t dtcto of corr pot a tratg to dtct a t of gfcat pot alo plad to optmz t outl. T propod approac mmz t uma tracto otag t outl of orgal ap. T papr addto to t automatc captur of ap quall good to captur ad-draw mag. T corr pot ar mportat capturg t ap of t data. Spl of crag ordr ar otad crag t ordr of cotut t matcg codto acro trval at tror pot: lar pl matc t data quadratc pl matc frt drvatv cuc pl matc cod drvatv tc. W top tr cau t cocpt t ad cau gr ordr pl ar rarl ud applcato. I gral ocllat mor ta t cuc aout t lar pl wc w u a a rfrc. So crag t ordr do ot alwa cra t ocllato. Slcto of a approprat pl dpd o t applcato. If w wat to trpolat t data tlf prap t lar t t coc. If w av data tat w kow cuc atur t a cuc pl ma a ttr coc. If 50

9 00 w wat drvatv of data a lar pl crat jump at data pot c a dgr of moot ma car. So aga o mut mak a coc ad upo t applcato ad carfull wg t rult. I dg pl allow local mootg troug data ad t cuc pl t uual coc. Rfrc: [] M. Sarfraz Optmal Curv Fttg to Dgtal Data004. [] R. L. Burd ad J. D. Far Numrcal Aal Boto: PWS pulr 985. [] R. C. Gozal Dgtal Imag Procg 987. [4] Scott E. Umaug Computr Vo ad Imag Procg 998 [5] Z. Ha M. Saka. ad M. Sarfraz Itractv Sap Cotrol wt Ratoal Cuc Spl005 [] A. W. Al-kafaj Numrcal Mtod grg practc 98. 5

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