Unit 4 : Heat and Temperature. Topic 1 - Using Energy from Heat
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1 Topic 1 - Using Energy from Heat In what ways have humans made thermal energy work for them? Topic 2 - Mesuring Temperature A relative idea about temperature is that it tells. This can be done by using our senses: Touch - sensitive nerve endings on your skin can Sight - the color of the material Relative ways to determine the temperature are. Early thermometers (like the one Galileo invented) (markings with numbers) to. The 1st precise scale was developed by. He used 'degree' as the unit of temperature. All of his standards for comparison to make his markings (on his scale).
2 0 o was assigned the temperature at. 100 o was assigned the temperature at which liquid. The region between (above and below, as well) these two extremes was separated into. The two fixed temperatures that Celsius chose can be. For each description, choose the correct temperature from the right-hand column of the table. Description Temp C 1 temperature of lava from Hawaiian volcanoes A 4 to 10 2 temperature of ocean currents off Canada's east coast B -5 3 temperature of ocean currents off Canada's west coast C world record coldest air temperature D -121 to comfortable room temperature E 92 6 body temperature of a budgie bird F temperature where the Space Shuttle flies in orbit G -10 to temperature of a candle flame H 9 comfortable temperature for heat-loving bacteria I 20 to normal human body temperature J temperature of ice cream K oven temperature for baking bread L 1 13 temperature of food in a freezer M temperature of the interior of the Sun N temperature of hot tea or coffee O temperature of boiling water at sea level P temperature of a slush of pure water and ice Q temperature of the surface of the Sun R 0
3 The Right Device for the Job Measuring different extremes of temperatures means using different types of devices. Each of the following thermometers have: A sensor - a material which is affected by changes in some feature of the environment,. A signal - provides information about the temperature,. A responder - which indicates the data with a pointer, light or. Thermocouple Two wires of different metals are. When heat is applied to one end an. The amount of current depends on. This current can turn on and off a. The Bimetallic Strip A bimetallic strip is made of (fused) together, often formed. When heat is applied to the end, one of the metals will and the coil can operate a switch or.
4 The Recording Thermometer When a bimetallic coil strip is attached to a long arm lever, with a marker that has graph paper, a recording. This instrument works much the. The Infrared Thermogram If an object is warmer than absolute zero it gives. The infrared radiation can be photographed with special films or detected by special sensors. The brightness or color of the image indicates.
5 Topic 2 - Review 1. Suppose that you were present on the hottest day ever reported in Canada. (a) What would your body temperature have been? (b) If the air temperature had dropped by 5 C, would you have felt warm or cold? 2. Describe how a thermostat controls the temperature in a building. 3. Many household appliances, such as irons, are heated electrically. They usually contain a thermostat that switches electricity on and off to keep the appliance at a constant temperature. Think of at least three examples of other appliances that might use thermostats to switch electricity on and off.
6 Topic 3 - The Particule Model, Temperature and Thermal Energy The Particle Model of Matter is a scientific description of the tiny particles that make up all things. The key elements in this model are: All substances are made of tiny. The particles are. The particles have.
7 Temperature and the Particle Model When heat is added to a substance, the. When heat is lost from a substance the. The motion of the particles increases. The motion of the particles decrease. Temperature indicates the average energy (speed) of the. What is Energy? Energy is the measure of a substance's - or. There are two important elements that occur: -Changes happen when there is a difference of energy. Every useful energy system has a high-energy source. -Energy is always transferred in the same direction: From a high-energy source (hot) to. Energy is measured in joules (J), in honour of James Joule ( ), an amateur scientist who. The term "thermal energy" has a precise scientific meaning, but it is not used very much in everyday language. Scientists sometimes use the word "heat," but they give it a specific meaning: To avoid confusion, this textbook uses the scientific terms. Thermal Energy and Temperature Changes When heat is transferred in a space the average energy of the particles - the temperature of the substance
8 The change in temperature depends. What Energy is and is NOT Energy is not It cannot be seen, Energy is a condition or quality that a substance has. Energy is a property or quality of an object or substance that gives it the. The Law of Conservation of Energy states that: Energy cannot be.it can only be or.
9 Topic 3 Review 1. List the main points of the particle model of matter that were presented in this section. 2. Why is it so hard to test the particle model to see if it is correct? 3. Name an important discovery or idea contributed by each of these scientists. (a) James joule (b) Anders Celsius (c) Lord Kelvin 4. How is thermal energy different from temperature?
10 Reviewing Key Terms complete the word game to find the name of a form of energy that you have studied in this unit. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (a) The model of matter (3) (b) temperature-measuring device (2) (c) a measurement of something's ability to do work (3) (d) correctly position the number lines on a thermometer (2) (e) measure of the average speed of a substance's particles (2) (f) number markings that indicate a precise temperature (2) (g) temperature scale commonly used in Canada (2) 6. Complete the following table to explain the meaning of thermal energy. Substance with a small amount of thermal energy Substance with a large amount of thermal energy Average speed of particle motion Temperature 7. Explain the behaviour of particles of matter in each of these situations: a) low temperature b) warming up c) small amount of thermal energy d) a large amount of thermal energy.
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