HIGH CURRENT BRIDGE DRIVER and 4-20mA Transmitter
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1 XTR1 HIGH CURRENT RIDGE DRIVER and 4-2mA Transmitter FEATURES SENSOR EXCITATION OF 1W VARIALE EXCITATION VOLTAGE: 1.V to.v SINGLE SUPPLY: 11.4V to 3VDC INRUSH CURRENT LIMITING 4-2mA TRANSMITTER APPLICATIONS GAS DETECTION SENSORS PELLISTOR CATALYTIC DETECTORS STRAIN GAGES HIGH CURRENT RIDGES LOAD CELLS HOT-WIRE ANEMOMETERS DESCRIPTION The XTR1 contains a high efficiency DC/DC converter and 4-2mA three wire current transmitter. It provides regulated bridge excitation, optional half bridge, differential inputs and current transmitter necessary for the excitation and signal conditioning of low impedance bridge sensors and high integrity signal transmission. The DC/DC converter is capable of supplying 1W into a regulated bridge voltage of 1.V to.v from a supply of 11.4V to 3V. The combination of a low startup current and high efficiency current step-up allows for a combined supply line resistance of up to 1Ω when exciting low impedance sensors. The instrumentation amplifier of the current transmitter can be used over a wide range of gains, accommodating a variety of input signals and sensors. The XTR1 is particularly suited to excitation of high current/low impedance sensors used in bridge applications allowing the use of lighter cabling leading to considerable savings on cabling costs. R SPAN +24V XTR1 G A G +V S Long Cables +V IN V IN V I OUT 4-2mA V OUT +V DC/DC R SENSE Com V SET R SET International Airport Industrial Park Mailing Address: PO ox 114 Tucson, AZ 8734 Street Address: 673 S. Tucson lvd. Tucson, AZ 876 Tel: (2) Twx: Cable: RCORP Telex: FAX: (2) Immediate Product Info: (8) urr-rown Corporation PDS-1212 Printed in U.S.A. October, 1994
2 SPECIFICATIONS ELECTRICAL T A = +2 C, V S = 24V, V RIDGE = 2V, I LOAD = 3mA unless otherwise specified. XTR1 PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER/CURRENT TRANSMITTER SIGNAL OUTPUT Output Current Equation R G in Ω, V IN in V I O = [(1 + kω/r G )/4.94] V IN A Output Current Linear Operating Range 4 2 ma Over-scale Limit 2 27 ma Under-scale Limit ma ZERO Output Current 4 ma Offset Error ± ±1 µa vs Temperature.2 µa/ C vs Supply Voltage V S = 11.4V to 3V. 2 µa/v SPAN Span Equation R G in Ω,V IN in V Span =.16[(1 + kω/r G )/4.94] A/V Untrimmed Error G = 1 ±.2 ±2. % G = 2 ±1. ±1 % vs Temperature ppm/ C Nonlinearity G = 1, I O = 4mA to 2mA ±.2 % INPUT Common-Mode Range 4.94 (1) V Offset Voltage 16 mv vs Temperature µv/ C vs Supply Voltage 7 d Common-Mode Rejection 8 d Impedance; Differential, Common-Mode Ω pf DC/DC CONVERTER RIDGE EXCITATION VOLTAGE SOURCE Output Voltage 1. V vs Temperature V IN = V, G= 1 2 ppm/ C vs Long Term Stability 1 ppm/1hrs Output Power 1 W Line Voltage Regulation V S = 11.4V to 3.V.2 % Load Voltage Regulation Load Current 16mA to 34mA.2 % Load Voltage 2V Output Voltage Ripple Load Current 3mA 1 mv Load Voltage 2V Output Voltage Ripple Frequency 1 khz Output Short-Circuit Current Limited Duration 2.6 A Input Current Output Short-Circuit 1 ma POWER SUPPLY Supply Voltage, V S V Supply Current See Typical Curve TEMPERATURE Operating 4 +7 C Storage 4 +8 C NOTE: (1) Common-Mode Range is based on a multiple of a bandgap reference of 1.23V. The information provided herein is believed to be reliable; however, URR-ROWN assumes no responsibility for inaccuracies or omissions. URR-ROWN assumes no responsibility for the use of this information, and all use of such information shall be entirely at the user s own risk. Prices and specifications are subject to change without notice. No patent rights or licenses to any of the circuits described herein are implied or granted to any third party. URR-ROWN does not authorize or warrant any URR-ROWN product for use in life support devices and/or systems. XTR1 2
3 ASOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Supply Voltage, V S... 3V Input Voltage... 1V Output Power... 1W Operating Temperature Range... C to +7 C Storage Temperature Range... 4 C to +8 C ORDERING INFORMATION TEMPERATURE MODEL PACKAGE RANGE XTR1 24-Pin Plastic Module 4 C to +7 C PACKAGE INFORMATION PIN CONFIGURATION Top View PACKAGE DRAWING MODEL PACKAGE NUMER (1) XTR1 24-Pin Plastic Module 92 NOTE: (1) For detailed drawing and dimension table, please see end of data sheet, or Appendix D of urr-rown IC Data ook. G SET G SENSE V IN I OUT Common V S XTR1 24 G SET A 23 G SENSE A 22 +V IN 18 V 17 V 16 +V 1 +V SENSE 14 V SET PIN DESCRIPTION PIN NAME DESCRIPTION 1 G SET Connect to R SPAN to set transconductance. 2 G SENSE Sense pin for G SET connect to G SET A. 3 V IN Inverting input to transmitter. 1 I OUT Output Current connect through R SENSE to common. 11 Common Supply return for sense and V connectors. 12 V S Supply to XTR V to 3.V. 14 V SET Single resistor to common sets the bridge excitation voltage. 1 +V SENSE Positive bridge sense input connect to positive excitation voltage at bridge. 16 +V Positive bridge excitation voltage. 17 V Negative bridge excitation voltage. 18 V Output from internal half bridge connect to V IN. 22 +V IN Non-Inverting input to transmitter. 23 G SENSE A Sense pin for G SET A connect to G SET A. 24 G SET A Connect to R SPAN to set transconductance. 3 XTR1
4 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES T A = +2 C, V S = 24V, V RIDGE = 2V, I LOAD = 3mA unless otherwise specified. 2 NON-LINEARITY (Low Gain) 2 NON-LINEARITY (High Gain) 2 1 V RIDGE = 2.V, I LOAD = 3mA, V S = 24V 2 1 V RIDGE = 2.V, I LOAD = 3mA, V S = 24V 1 1 m% m% V IN (V) V IN (mv) SMALL SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE LARGE SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE R LOAD = 2Ω V IN R LOAD = 2Ω I O V IN I O I O = 4-2mA, V IN = 27mV ms/div I O = 4-2mA, V IN = V 2ms/Div OUTPUT NOISE NOTES: I O into 2Ω. (1) No smoothing. (2) µf capacitor across 2Ω. FFT of OUTPUT NOISE 31kHz 1mV/Div (1) (2) 2mV/Div 1µs/Div 1kHz/Div XTR1 4
5 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES (CONT) T A = +2 C, V S = 24V, V RIDGE = 2V, I LOAD = 3mA unless otherwise specified. 3 MAXIMUM CURRENT LOOP RESISTANCE 2 ZERO CURRENT TC (µa/ C) Supply Voltage (V) 2 1 Operating point must be within this region Example: 24V Supply R MAX = 7Ω Number of Units Resistance (Ω) Zero Current Drift (µa/ C) Average =.1µA/ C 3σ =.11µA/ C UNTRIMMED ERROR TC G = 1 (ppm/ C).1.8 RIDGE VOLTAGE LINE REGULATION V RIDGE = 2.V, I LOAD = 3mA, V S = 12V - 3V Number of Units Untrimmed Error TC Drift (ppm/ C) Average = 21ppm/ C 3σ = 2ppm/ C % V S (V) ridge Voltage Change (%) RIDGE VOLTAGE LOAD REGULATION V RIDGE = 2.V, V S = 24V ridge Voltage Change (%) RIDGE VOLTAGE REGULATION vs TEMPERATURE V RIDGE = 2.V, I LOAD = 3mA, V S = 24V Output Current (A) Temperature ( C) XTR1
6 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES (CONT) T A = +2 C, V S = 24V, V RIDGE = 2V, I LOAD = 3mA unless otherwise specified. Number of Candidates RIDGE EXCITATION VOLTAGE TC (ppm/ C) ridge Excitation Voltage Temperature Drift (ppm/ C) Average = 7ppm/ C 3σ = 7ppm/ C Supply Current (ma) SUPPLY CURRENT vs EXCITATION LOAD CURRENT ridge Voltage (V EX ) = 2.V V S = 3V V S = 24V V S = 18V V S = 13.V I LOAD (ma) METHOD OF OPERATION The XTR1 consists of a high efficiency DC/DC converter with current and voltage mode control and a current loop transmitter. The pulse-width modulation controller monitors the current and voltage control signals and varies the conduction period to regulate the bridge excitation voltage, V. A soft-start feature is provided to negate problems caused by high in-rush currents and lead resistances, thus allowing the XTR1 to be driven through cables of up to 1Ω of supply line resistance with no reduction in performance. A single resistor, R SET, determines the regulated bridge excitation voltage which may be in the range 1.V to.v. The gain of the transconductance amplifier, which forms the current loop transmitter, is again determined by a single resistor R SPAN and allows input voltages from 2mV to drive the 4-2mA current loop. APPLICATIONS The XTR1 is designed to be used with a wide range of pellistor catalytic gas detectors. The pellistor gas detector consists of a matched pair of elements; an active bead which is the sensing element, and an inactive bead which is the compensating element. These elements form one side of a Wheatstone bridge arrangement. The bridge serves a dual purpose: to raise the temperature of the elements to about C, which is their working temperature, and to allow detection of the presence of combustible gases through imbalance of the bridge. This happens as the pellistor increases temperature due to oxidation of the flammable gas and thus increases its resistance. In general, pellistor catalytic gas detectors are limited in use to monitoring up to 1% of the LEL (lower explosive limit). eyond this point ambiguous results can occur due to the inability of the pellistor to oxidize the gas as the available oxygen decreases (see Figure 3). LEL Methane = % = V IN = mv ridge Voltage V EX = 2.V R SET = 21.88kΩ I O = 4-2mA R SPAN = 1Ω XTR1 12 V 16 S 24 +V G SET A R T 1 +V SENSE 23 G SENSE A 47µH + 1µF Tantalum +24V (1) Compensator 1kΩ Detector 18 V 1Ω G SENSE 1Ω G SET I O 17 V V SET 11 COM V IN +V IN R SET R SPAN I O = 4 to 2mA R LOAD 2Ω NOTE: (1) VQ 21 Gas Sensor - EEV Gas Sensors. + V OUT = I O R LOAD µf Tantalum V OUT 1V to V FIGURE 1. asic Connection XTR1 6
7 1 R T 1µH For additional bridge smoothing, 1µH inductors may be inserted as shown. Note that inductors must be able to handle high bridge current. Compensator Detector 1µH ridge Output (mv) FIGURE 2. ridge Smoothing % Methane In Concentration FIGURE 3. Typical Pellistor Response. An interesting feature of pellistor elements, and those tested in the applications, is that they create a similar bridge output at LEL for almost all hydrocarbons. This feature allows a comparative measurement to be made of one gas when an instrument has been calibrated for another. e.g. Instrument calibrated for Methane (K=112) measuring Hydrogen (K=8.8). Actual % of LEL will be 1.31 x meter reading. (112/8.8). This is an approximation and it is recommended that for exact conversions the instrument should be calibrated using the relevant gases. Tables of these constants can be sourced through the manufacturers of gas sensing products. An example of the XTR1 used with a pellistor catalytic gas detector is shown in Figure 1. To Calculate R SET See Figure 4. Point (a) will be maintained at 1.23V. Example: V kΩ ( ) ( 1kΩ) ( 1.23) kω V 1.23 = 1.23 ( kω+r SET ) R SET kω = kω+r SET R SET = 1 + kω R SET ( V 1.23) 1= kω 1.23 R SET ( )( 1.23) kω R SET = ( V 1.23) 1.23 V R SET Calculated 1. Open kΩ kΩ kΩ kΩ FIGURE 4. Internal Circuit +V SET. To Calculate R SPAN For V IN = 1mV and I O = 2mA i.e X T R 1 1kΩ (a) kω.16 (.16) (.1) = 1+ kω /R SPAN ( ) +V SENSE +V SET RSET I O = kω /R SPAN 4.94 V IN.2 = kω /R SPAN = 1 + kω /R SPAN R SPAN = kω 493 = V IN R SPAN = = 1 + kω R SPAN kω 4.94 V IN 1 7 XTR1
8 MECHANICAL Package Number Pin Plastic E G M A F H D L I K C J INCHES MILLIMETERS DIM MIN MAX MIN MAX A C D.24.6 E F.2.8 G H.23.1 I J K L M N.2.8 O P.2.64 Q.2.64 N Q O P XTR1 8
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