), it produces a response (output function g (x)

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "), it produces a response (output function g (x)"

Transcription

1 Lnear Systems Revew Notes adapted from notes by Mchael Braun Typcally n electrcal engneerng, one s concerned wth functons of tme, such as a voltage waveform System descrpton s therefore defned n the domans of tme and temporal frequency In these notes, a more general approach s taken The generalzed ndependent varable may be tme, but t may also represent spatal poston n one dmenson (1D) If treated as a vector, may also stand for multdmensonal quanttes such as poston n 3D space Let f ( be a functon of the generalzed varable We wll assume that the functon satsfes the estence condtons for the Fourer transform We wll denote the Fourer transform of f ( by F (, { f ( } = f ( e 2π s d = F, where = 1 Note that f s tme, then s s the temporal frequency measured n cycles per second If, on the other hand, s the spatal poston, then s s the spatal frequency measured n cycles per unt length System A system s anythng we may care to eamne that can be characterzed by a black bo When the system receves a stmulus (nput functon f ( ), t produces a response (output functon g ( ), The system can be represented mathematcally by a system operator S whch maps the nput functons to output functons, g ( = S f ( { } Lnear System A system s sad to be lnear f the response to a sum of two dfferent nputs s a sum of the responses produced separately by each nput It also follows that scalng the nput scales the output by the same factor Thus a system s lnear f S s a lnear operator, that s, S{ α f1( + β f 2 ( } = α S{ f1( } + β S{ f 2 ( } where α, β are constants Ths naturally etends to any fnte sum of weghted functons, n n S α f ( = α S{ f ( } = 1 = 1 A system s sad to possess etended lnearty f the above holds when n s nfnte and when the summaton s replaced by ntegraton For the latter case, we have b S α ( ') f (, ') d' α( ' ) S f (, ') d' { } { } a = b a

2

3

4

5 The shft nvarant mpulse response thus completely characterzes an LSI system Cascaded LSI system If two or more LSI systems are cascaded, ther combned response s gven by g ( = f ( * h1 ( * h2 ( Thus the two systems can be consdered as a sngle system wth mpulse response h = h * h 1 2 Response to a Comple Eponental Response of an LSI system to a comple eponental f ( = ep( s s a scaled verson of the nput, e { e } = a e S where a s a comple constant Ths s sometmes referred to as harmonc response to harmonc nput because the output has the same frequency as the nput (ampltude and phase may, however, dffer) In other words, no frequences can appear at the output that are not present at the nput To prove ths asserton, wrte g ( as the superposton ntegral ' = e h( ') d' Introducng a new varable ' ' = ', we obtan 2π '' = e e h( '') d' Snce the ntegrand s ndependent of, the whole ntegral s smply a comple constant, = a e = a f ( A comple eponental s sad to be an egenfuncton of a LSA system, and the comple constant a s ts egenvalue Transfer functon The comple egenvalue a s known as the transfer functon of the system and s usually denoted as a functon of frequency (temporal or spatal) H ( s { e } = H ( e S We wll now show that, f the nput and output functons have Fourer transforms = F { f ( } and G( = F { }, then for a lnear system wth transfer functon H (, G ( = H ( Wrtng the Fourer transform n full, f ( = e 2π ds

6 we see that ths s equvalent to epressng a functon as a superposton of comple eponentals Snce n a lnear system each eponental s passed through ndependently, we can wrte = S = { e ds} s S { e s } = H ( e ds = F { H ( } Therefore, G ( = H ( as stated above It follows drectly that the transfer functon s the Fourer transform of the mpulse response, H ( = F { h( } For a cascade of n LSI systems, f the overall mpulse response s h( = h1 ( * h2 ( ** hn (, then the overall transfer functon s smply the product of ndvdual transfer functons, n H ( = Π H ( Response of Physcal Systems to a Snusod In physcal systems, real-valued nputs lead to real-valued responses The mpulse response wll also be real-valued Consder a snusod nput functon of frequency s 0, s0 f ( = cos 2π s0 = Re{ e } The response to ths nput can be found as follows Let the transfer functon, φ ( s ) H ( s ) = A ( s ) e, be gven by ampltude and phase functons A ( and φ (, respectvely Then the response to the snusod nput s φ ( s0 ) s0 = Re{ A( s0 ) e e } = Acos(2π s0 + φ) Thus the response s a snusod of the same frequency as the nput but wth possbly dfferent ampltude and phase = 1 ds

Georgia Tech PHYS 6124 Mathematical Methods of Physics I

Georgia Tech PHYS 6124 Mathematical Methods of Physics I Georga Tech PHYS 624 Mathematcal Methods of Physcs I Instructor: Predrag Cvtanovć Fall semester 202 Homework Set #7 due October 30 202 == show all your work for maxmum credt == put labels ttle legends

More information

Digital Signal Processing

Digital Signal Processing Dgtal Sgnal Processng Dscrete-tme System Analyss Manar Mohasen Offce: F8 Emal: manar.subh@ut.ac.r School of IT Engneerng Revew of Precedent Class Contnuous Sgnal The value of the sgnal s avalable over

More information

For now, let us focus on a specific model of neurons. These are simplified from reality but can achieve remarkable results.

For now, let us focus on a specific model of neurons. These are simplified from reality but can achieve remarkable results. Neural Networks : Dervaton compled by Alvn Wan from Professor Jtendra Malk s lecture Ths type of computaton s called deep learnng and s the most popular method for many problems, such as computer vson

More information

14 The Postulates of Quantum mechanics

14 The Postulates of Quantum mechanics 14 The Postulates of Quantum mechancs Postulate 1: The state of a system s descrbed completely n terms of a state vector Ψ(r, t), whch s quadratcally ntegrable. Postulate 2: To every physcally observable

More information

THEOREMS OF QUANTUM MECHANICS

THEOREMS OF QUANTUM MECHANICS THEOREMS OF QUANTUM MECHANICS In order to develop methods to treat many-electron systems (atoms & molecules), many of the theorems of quantum mechancs are useful. Useful Notaton The matrx element A mn

More information

Expected Value and Variance

Expected Value and Variance MATH 38 Expected Value and Varance Dr. Neal, WKU We now shall dscuss how to fnd the average and standard devaton of a random varable X. Expected Value Defnton. The expected value (or average value, or

More information

The Feynman path integral

The Feynman path integral The Feynman path ntegral Aprl 3, 205 Hesenberg and Schrödnger pctures The Schrödnger wave functon places the tme dependence of a physcal system n the state, ψ, t, where the state s a vector n Hlbert space

More information

Rate of Absorption and Stimulated Emission

Rate of Absorption and Stimulated Emission MIT Department of Chemstry 5.74, Sprng 005: Introductory Quantum Mechancs II Instructor: Professor Andre Tokmakoff p. 81 Rate of Absorpton and Stmulated Emsson The rate of absorpton nduced by the feld

More information

DECOUPLING THEORY HW2

DECOUPLING THEORY HW2 8.8 DECOUPLIG THEORY HW2 DOGHAO WAG DATE:OCT. 3 207 Problem We shall start by reformulatng the problem. Denote by δ S n the delta functon that s evenly dstrbuted at the n ) dmensonal unt sphere. As a temporal

More information

Prof. Dr. I. Nasser Phys 630, T Aug-15 One_dimensional_Ising_Model

Prof. Dr. I. Nasser Phys 630, T Aug-15 One_dimensional_Ising_Model EXACT OE-DIMESIOAL ISIG MODEL The one-dmensonal Isng model conssts of a chan of spns, each spn nteractng only wth ts two nearest neghbors. The smple Isng problem n one dmenson can be solved drectly n several

More information

Lectures - Week 4 Matrix norms, Conditioning, Vector Spaces, Linear Independence, Spanning sets and Basis, Null space and Range of a Matrix

Lectures - Week 4 Matrix norms, Conditioning, Vector Spaces, Linear Independence, Spanning sets and Basis, Null space and Range of a Matrix Lectures - Week 4 Matrx norms, Condtonng, Vector Spaces, Lnear Independence, Spannng sets and Bass, Null space and Range of a Matrx Matrx Norms Now we turn to assocatng a number to each matrx. We could

More information

Phys304 Quantum Physics II (2005) Quantum Mechanics Summary. 2. This kind of behaviour can be described in the mathematical language of vectors:

Phys304 Quantum Physics II (2005) Quantum Mechanics Summary. 2. This kind of behaviour can be described in the mathematical language of vectors: MACQUARIE UNIVERSITY Department of Physcs Dvson of ICS Phys304 Quantum Physcs II (2005) Quantum Mechancs Summary The followng defntons and concepts set up the basc mathematcal language used n quantum mechancs,

More information

Canonical transformations

Canonical transformations Canoncal transformatons November 23, 2014 Recall that we have defned a symplectc transformaton to be any lnear transformaton M A B leavng the symplectc form nvarant, Ω AB M A CM B DΩ CD Coordnate transformatons,

More information

12. The Hamilton-Jacobi Equation Michael Fowler

12. The Hamilton-Jacobi Equation Michael Fowler 1. The Hamlton-Jacob Equaton Mchael Fowler Back to Confguraton Space We ve establshed that the acton, regarded as a functon of ts coordnate endponts and tme, satsfes ( ) ( ) S q, t / t+ H qpt,, = 0, and

More information

1 (1 + ( )) = 1 8 ( ) = (c) Carrying out the Taylor expansion, in this case, the series truncates at second order:

1 (1 + ( )) = 1 8 ( ) = (c) Carrying out the Taylor expansion, in this case, the series truncates at second order: 68A Solutons to Exercses March 05 (a) Usng a Taylor expanson, and notng that n 0 for all n >, ( + ) ( + ( ) + ) We can t nvert / because there s no Taylor expanson around 0 Lets try to calculate the nverse

More information

3.1 Expectation of Functions of Several Random Variables. )' be a k-dimensional discrete or continuous random vector, with joint PMF p (, E X E X1 E X

3.1 Expectation of Functions of Several Random Variables. )' be a k-dimensional discrete or continuous random vector, with joint PMF p (, E X E X1 E X Statstcs 1: Probablty Theory II 37 3 EPECTATION OF SEVERAL RANDOM VARIABLES As n Probablty Theory I, the nterest n most stuatons les not on the actual dstrbuton of a random vector, but rather on a number

More information

n α j x j = 0 j=1 has a nontrivial solution. Here A is the n k matrix whose jth column is the vector for all t j=0

n α j x j = 0 j=1 has a nontrivial solution. Here A is the n k matrix whose jth column is the vector for all t j=0 MODULE 2 Topcs: Lnear ndependence, bass and dmenson We have seen that f n a set of vectors one vector s a lnear combnaton of the remanng vectors n the set then the span of the set s unchanged f that vector

More information

Linearity. If kx is applied to the element, the output must be ky. kx ky. 2. additivity property. x 1 y 1, x 2 y 2

Linearity. If kx is applied to the element, the output must be ky. kx ky. 2. additivity property. x 1 y 1, x 2 y 2 Lnearty An element s sad to be lnear f t satsfes homogenety (scalng) property and addte (superposton) property. 1. homogenety property Let x be the nput and y be the output of an element. x y If kx s appled

More information

Vapnik-Chervonenkis theory

Vapnik-Chervonenkis theory Vapnk-Chervonenks theory Rs Kondor June 13, 2008 For the purposes of ths lecture, we restrct ourselves to the bnary supervsed batch learnng settng. We assume that we have an nput space X, and an unknown

More information

Mean Field / Variational Approximations

Mean Field / Variational Approximations Mean Feld / Varatonal Appromatons resented by Jose Nuñez 0/24/05 Outlne Introducton Mean Feld Appromaton Structured Mean Feld Weghted Mean Feld Varatonal Methods Introducton roblem: We have dstrbuton but

More information

Lecture 6/7 (February 10/12, 2014) DIRAC EQUATION. The non-relativistic Schrödinger equation was obtained by noting that the Hamiltonian 2

Lecture 6/7 (February 10/12, 2014) DIRAC EQUATION. The non-relativistic Schrödinger equation was obtained by noting that the Hamiltonian 2 P470 Lecture 6/7 (February 10/1, 014) DIRAC EQUATION The non-relatvstc Schrödnger equaton was obtaned by notng that the Hamltonan H = P (1) m can be transformed nto an operator form wth the substtutons

More information

A PROCEDURE FOR SIMULATING THE NONLINEAR CONDUCTION HEAT TRANSFER IN A BODY WITH TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY.

A PROCEDURE FOR SIMULATING THE NONLINEAR CONDUCTION HEAT TRANSFER IN A BODY WITH TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY. Proceedngs of the th Brazlan Congress of Thermal Scences and Engneerng -- ENCIT 006 Braz. Soc. of Mechancal Scences and Engneerng -- ABCM, Curtba, Brazl,- Dec. 5-8, 006 A PROCEDURE FOR SIMULATING THE NONLINEAR

More information

8 Derivation of Network Rate Equations from Single- Cell Conductance Equations

8 Derivation of Network Rate Equations from Single- Cell Conductance Equations Physcs 178/278 - Davd Klenfeld - Wnter 2019 8 Dervaton of Network Rate Equatons from Sngle- Cell Conductance Equatons Our goal to derve the form of the abstract quanttes n rate equatons, such as synaptc

More information

1 Derivation of Rate Equations from Single-Cell Conductance (Hodgkin-Huxley-like) Equations

1 Derivation of Rate Equations from Single-Cell Conductance (Hodgkin-Huxley-like) Equations Physcs 171/271 -Davd Klenfeld - Fall 2005 (revsed Wnter 2011) 1 Dervaton of Rate Equatons from Sngle-Cell Conductance (Hodgkn-Huxley-lke) Equatons We consder a network of many neurons, each of whch obeys

More information

Energy Storage Elements: Capacitors and Inductors

Energy Storage Elements: Capacitors and Inductors CHAPTER 6 Energy Storage Elements: Capactors and Inductors To ths pont n our study of electronc crcuts, tme has not been mportant. The analyss and desgns we hae performed so far hae been statc, and all

More information

Note 10. Modeling and Simulation of Dynamic Systems

Note 10. Modeling and Simulation of Dynamic Systems Lecture Notes of ME 475: Introducton to Mechatroncs Note 0 Modelng and Smulaton of Dynamc Systems Department of Mechancal Engneerng, Unversty Of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drve, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada

More information

Digital Modems. Lecture 2

Digital Modems. Lecture 2 Dgtal Modems Lecture Revew We have shown that both Bayes and eyman/pearson crtera are based on the Lkelhood Rato Test (LRT) Λ ( r ) < > η Λ r s called observaton transformaton or suffcent statstc The crtera

More information

Inner Product. Euclidean Space. Orthonormal Basis. Orthogonal

Inner Product. Euclidean Space. Orthonormal Basis. Orthogonal Inner Product Defnton 1 () A Eucldean space s a fnte-dmensonal vector space over the reals R, wth an nner product,. Defnton 2 (Inner Product) An nner product, on a real vector space X s a symmetrc, blnear,

More information

MATH 5707 HOMEWORK 4 SOLUTIONS 2. 2 i 2p i E(X i ) + E(Xi 2 ) ä i=1. i=1

MATH 5707 HOMEWORK 4 SOLUTIONS 2. 2 i 2p i E(X i ) + E(Xi 2 ) ä i=1. i=1 MATH 5707 HOMEWORK 4 SOLUTIONS CİHAN BAHRAN 1. Let v 1,..., v n R m, all lengths v are not larger than 1. Let p 1,..., p n [0, 1] be arbtrary and set w = p 1 v 1 + + p n v n. Then there exst ε 1,..., ε

More information

EGR 544 Communication Theory

EGR 544 Communication Theory EGR 544 Communcaton Theory. Informaton Sources Z. Alyazcoglu Electrcal and Computer Engneerng Department Cal Poly Pomona Introducton Informaton Source x n Informaton sources Analog sources Dscrete sources

More information

CHAPTER 6. LAGRANGE S EQUATIONS (Analytical Mechanics)

CHAPTER 6. LAGRANGE S EQUATIONS (Analytical Mechanics) CHAPTER 6 LAGRANGE S EQUATIONS (Analytcal Mechancs) 1 Ex. 1: Consder a partcle movng on a fxed horzontal surface. r P Let, be the poston and F be the total force on the partcle. The FBD s: -mgk F 1 x O

More information

χ x B E (c) Figure 2.1.1: (a) a material particle in a body, (b) a place in space, (c) a configuration of the body

χ x B E (c) Figure 2.1.1: (a) a material particle in a body, (b) a place in space, (c) a configuration of the body Secton.. Moton.. The Materal Body and Moton hyscal materals n the real world are modeled usng an abstract mathematcal entty called a body. Ths body conssts of an nfnte number of materal partcles. Shown

More information

CinChE Problem-Solving Strategy Chapter 4 Development of a Mathematical Model. formulation. procedure

CinChE Problem-Solving Strategy Chapter 4 Development of a Mathematical Model. formulation. procedure nhe roblem-solvng Strategy hapter 4 Transformaton rocess onceptual Model formulaton procedure Mathematcal Model The mathematcal model s an abstracton that represents the engneerng phenomena occurrng n

More information

Chapter 6. Wideband channels. Slides for Wireless Communications Edfors, Molisch, Tufvesson

Chapter 6. Wideband channels. Slides for Wireless Communications Edfors, Molisch, Tufvesson Chapter 6 Wdeband channels 128 Delay (tme) dsperson A smple case Transmtted mpulse h h a a a 1 1 2 2 3 3 Receved sgnal (channel mpulse response) 1 a 1 2 a 2 a 3 3 129 Delay (tme) dsperson One reflecton/path,

More information

Advanced Quantum Mechanics

Advanced Quantum Mechanics Advanced Quantum Mechancs Rajdeep Sensarma! sensarma@theory.tfr.res.n ecture #9 QM of Relatvstc Partcles Recap of ast Class Scalar Felds and orentz nvarant actons Complex Scalar Feld and Charge conjugaton

More information

8.4 COMPLEX VECTOR SPACES AND INNER PRODUCTS

8.4 COMPLEX VECTOR SPACES AND INNER PRODUCTS SECTION 8.4 COMPLEX VECTOR SPACES AND INNER PRODUCTS 493 8.4 COMPLEX VECTOR SPACES AND INNER PRODUCTS All the vector spaces you have studed thus far n the text are real vector spaces because the scalars

More information

Integrals and Invariants of Euler-Lagrange Equations

Integrals and Invariants of Euler-Lagrange Equations Lecture 16 Integrals and Invarants of Euler-Lagrange Equatons ME 256 at the Indan Insttute of Scence, Bengaluru Varatonal Methods and Structural Optmzaton G. K. Ananthasuresh Professor, Mechancal Engneerng,

More information

9 Derivation of Rate Equations from Single-Cell Conductance (Hodgkin-Huxley-like) Equations

9 Derivation of Rate Equations from Single-Cell Conductance (Hodgkin-Huxley-like) Equations Physcs 171/271 - Chapter 9R -Davd Klenfeld - Fall 2005 9 Dervaton of Rate Equatons from Sngle-Cell Conductance (Hodgkn-Huxley-lke) Equatons We consder a network of many neurons, each of whch obeys a set

More information

FACTORIZATION IN KRULL MONOIDS WITH INFINITE CLASS GROUP

FACTORIZATION IN KRULL MONOIDS WITH INFINITE CLASS GROUP C O L L O Q U I U M M A T H E M A T I C U M VOL. 80 1999 NO. 1 FACTORIZATION IN KRULL MONOIDS WITH INFINITE CLASS GROUP BY FLORIAN K A I N R A T H (GRAZ) Abstract. Let H be a Krull monod wth nfnte class

More information

Using T.O.M to Estimate Parameter of distributions that have not Single Exponential Family

Using T.O.M to Estimate Parameter of distributions that have not Single Exponential Family IOSR Journal of Mathematcs IOSR-JM) ISSN: 2278-5728. Volume 3, Issue 3 Sep-Oct. 202), PP 44-48 www.osrjournals.org Usng T.O.M to Estmate Parameter of dstrbutons that have not Sngle Exponental Famly Jubran

More information

10. Canonical Transformations Michael Fowler

10. Canonical Transformations Michael Fowler 10. Canoncal Transformatons Mchael Fowler Pont Transformatons It s clear that Lagrange s equatons are correct for any reasonable choce of parameters labelng the system confguraton. Let s call our frst

More information

APPENDIX A Some Linear Algebra

APPENDIX A Some Linear Algebra APPENDIX A Some Lnear Algebra The collecton of m, n matrces A.1 Matrces a 1,1,..., a 1,n A = a m,1,..., a m,n wth real elements a,j s denoted by R m,n. If n = 1 then A s called a column vector. Smlarly,

More information

Mathematical Preparations

Mathematical Preparations 1 Introducton Mathematcal Preparatons The theory of relatvty was developed to explan experments whch studed the propagaton of electromagnetc radaton n movng coordnate systems. Wthn expermental error the

More information

THE HARTLEY TRANSFORM IN A FINITE FIELD

THE HARTLEY TRANSFORM IN A FINITE FIELD THE HARTLEY TRANSFORM IN A FINITE FIELD R. M. Campello de Souza H. M. de Olvera A. N. Kauffman CODEC - Grupo de Pesusas em Comuncações Departamento de Eletrônca e Sstemas - CTG - UFPE C.P. 78 57-97 Recfe

More information

An Introduction to Morita Theory

An Introduction to Morita Theory An Introducton to Morta Theory Matt Booth October 2015 Nov. 2017: made a few revsons. Thanks to Nng Shan for catchng a typo. My man reference for these notes was Chapter II of Bass s book Algebrac K-Theory

More information

Google PageRank with Stochastic Matrix

Google PageRank with Stochastic Matrix Google PageRank wth Stochastc Matrx Md. Sharq, Puranjt Sanyal, Samk Mtra (M.Sc. Applcatons of Mathematcs) Dscrete Tme Markov Chan Let S be a countable set (usually S s a subset of Z or Z d or R or R d

More information

Lecture 12: Discrete Laplacian

Lecture 12: Discrete Laplacian Lecture 12: Dscrete Laplacan Scrbe: Tanye Lu Our goal s to come up wth a dscrete verson of Laplacan operator for trangulated surfaces, so that we can use t n practce to solve related problems We are mostly

More information

ELECTRONICS. EE 42/100 Lecture 4: Resistive Networks and Nodal Analysis. Rev B 1/25/2012 (9:49PM) Prof. Ali M. Niknejad

ELECTRONICS. EE 42/100 Lecture 4: Resistive Networks and Nodal Analysis. Rev B 1/25/2012 (9:49PM) Prof. Ali M. Niknejad A. M. Nknejad Unversty of Calforna, Berkeley EE 100 / 42 Lecture 4 p. 1/14 EE 42/100 Lecture 4: Resstve Networks and Nodal Analyss ELECTRONICS Rev B 1/25/2012 (9:49PM) Prof. Al M. Nknejad Unversty of Calforna,

More information

PHYS 705: Classical Mechanics. Newtonian Mechanics

PHYS 705: Classical Mechanics. Newtonian Mechanics 1 PHYS 705: Classcal Mechancs Newtonan Mechancs Quck Revew of Newtonan Mechancs Basc Descrpton: -An dealzed pont partcle or a system of pont partcles n an nertal reference frame [Rgd bodes (ch. 5 later)]

More information

Research Article Green s Theorem for Sign Data

Research Article Green s Theorem for Sign Data Internatonal Scholarly Research Network ISRN Appled Mathematcs Volume 2012, Artcle ID 539359, 10 pages do:10.5402/2012/539359 Research Artcle Green s Theorem for Sgn Data Lous M. Houston The Unversty of

More information

8 Derivation of Network Rate Equations from Single- Cell Conductance Equations

8 Derivation of Network Rate Equations from Single- Cell Conductance Equations Physcs 178/278 - Davd Klenfeld - Wnter 2015 8 Dervaton of Network Rate Equatons from Sngle- Cell Conductance Equatons We consder a network of many neurons, each of whch obeys a set of conductancebased,

More information

Numerical Heat and Mass Transfer

Numerical Heat and Mass Transfer Master degree n Mechancal Engneerng Numercal Heat and Mass Transfer 06-Fnte-Dfference Method (One-dmensonal, steady state heat conducton) Fausto Arpno f.arpno@uncas.t Introducton Why we use models and

More information

A random variable is a function which associates a real number to each element of the sample space

A random variable is a function which associates a real number to each element of the sample space Introducton to Random Varables Defnton of random varable Defnton of of random varable Dscrete and contnuous random varable Probablty blt functon Dstrbuton functon Densty functon Sometmes, t s not enough

More information

PARTICIPATION FACTOR IN MODAL ANALYSIS OF POWER SYSTEMS STABILITY

PARTICIPATION FACTOR IN MODAL ANALYSIS OF POWER SYSTEMS STABILITY POZNAN UNIVE RSITY OF TE CHNOLOGY ACADE MIC JOURNALS No 86 Electrcal Engneerng 6 Volodymyr KONOVAL* Roman PRYTULA** PARTICIPATION FACTOR IN MODAL ANALYSIS OF POWER SYSTEMS STABILITY Ths paper provdes a

More information

One Dimension Again. Chapter Fourteen

One Dimension Again. Chapter Fourteen hapter Fourteen One Dmenson Agan 4 Scalar Lne Integrals Now we agan consder the dea of the ntegral n one dmenson When we were ntroduced to the ntegral back n elementary school, we consdered only functons

More information

Advanced Circuits Topics - Part 1 by Dr. Colton (Fall 2017)

Advanced Circuits Topics - Part 1 by Dr. Colton (Fall 2017) Advanced rcuts Topcs - Part by Dr. olton (Fall 07) Part : Some thngs you should already know from Physcs 0 and 45 These are all thngs that you should have learned n Physcs 0 and/or 45. Ths secton s organzed

More information

Implicit Integration Henyey Method

Implicit Integration Henyey Method Implct Integraton Henyey Method In realstc stellar evoluton codes nstead of a drect ntegraton usng for example the Runge-Kutta method one employs an teratve mplct technque. Ths s because the structure

More information

Calculus of Variations Basics

Calculus of Variations Basics Chapter 1 Calculus of Varatons Bascs 1.1 Varaton of a General Functonal In ths chapter, we derve the general formula for the varaton of a functonal of the form J [y 1,y 2,,y n ] F x,y 1,y 2,,y n,y 1,y

More information

A Solution of Porous Media Equation

A Solution of Porous Media Equation Internatonal Mathematcal Forum, Vol. 11, 016, no. 15, 71-733 HIKARI Ltd, www.m-hkar.com http://dx.do.org/10.1988/mf.016.6669 A Soluton of Porous Meda Equaton F. Fonseca Unversdad Naconal de Colomba Grupo

More information

Transfer Functions. Convenient representation of a linear, dynamic model. A transfer function (TF) relates one input and one output: ( ) system

Transfer Functions. Convenient representation of a linear, dynamic model. A transfer function (TF) relates one input and one output: ( ) system Transfer Functons Convenent representaton of a lnear, dynamc model. A transfer functon (TF) relates one nput and one output: x t X s y t system Y s The followng termnology s used: x y nput output forcng

More information

I. INTRODUCTION. There are two other circuit elements that we will use and are special cases of the above elements. They are:

I. INTRODUCTION. There are two other circuit elements that we will use and are special cases of the above elements. They are: I. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Crcut Theory Fundamentals In ths course we study crcuts wth non-lnear elements or deces (dodes and transstors). We wll use crcut theory tools to analyze these crcuts. Snce some of tools

More information

This model contains two bonds per unit cell (one along the x-direction and the other along y). So we can rewrite the Hamiltonian as:

This model contains two bonds per unit cell (one along the x-direction and the other along y). So we can rewrite the Hamiltonian as: 1 Problem set #1 1.1. A one-band model on a square lattce Fg. 1 Consder a square lattce wth only nearest-neghbor hoppngs (as shown n the fgure above): H t, j a a j (1.1) where,j stands for nearest neghbors

More information

The Multiple Classical Linear Regression Model (CLRM): Specification and Assumptions. 1. Introduction

The Multiple Classical Linear Regression Model (CLRM): Specification and Assumptions. 1. Introduction ECONOMICS 5* -- NOTE (Summary) ECON 5* -- NOTE The Multple Classcal Lnear Regresson Model (CLRM): Specfcaton and Assumptons. Introducton CLRM stands for the Classcal Lnear Regresson Model. The CLRM s also

More information

STATISTICAL MECHANICAL ENSEMBLES 1 MICROSCOPIC AND MACROSCOPIC VARIABLES PHASE SPACE ENSEMBLES. CHE 524 A. Panagiotopoulos 1

STATISTICAL MECHANICAL ENSEMBLES 1 MICROSCOPIC AND MACROSCOPIC VARIABLES PHASE SPACE ENSEMBLES. CHE 524 A. Panagiotopoulos 1 CHE 54 A. Panagotopoulos STATSTCAL MECHACAL ESEMBLES MCROSCOPC AD MACROSCOPC ARABLES The central queston n Statstcal Mechancs can be phrased as follows: f partcles (atoms, molecules, electrons, nucle,

More information

IMGS-261 Solutions to Homework #9

IMGS-261 Solutions to Homework #9 IMGS-6 Solutons to Homework #9. For f [] SINC [] sn[π], use the modulaton theorem to evaluate and sketch π the Fourer transform of f [] f [] f [] (f []) Soluton: We know that F{RECT []} SINC [] so we use

More information

Linear Approximation with Regularization and Moving Least Squares

Linear Approximation with Regularization and Moving Least Squares Lnear Approxmaton wth Regularzaton and Movng Least Squares Igor Grešovn May 007 Revson 4.6 (Revson : March 004). 5 4 3 0.5 3 3.5 4 Contents: Lnear Fttng...4. Weghted Least Squares n Functon Approxmaton...

More information

Modelli Clamfim Equazione del Calore Lezione ottobre 2014

Modelli Clamfim Equazione del Calore Lezione ottobre 2014 CLAMFIM Bologna Modell 1 @ Clamfm Equazone del Calore Lezone 17 15 ottobre 2014 professor Danele Rtell danele.rtell@unbo.t 1/24? Convoluton The convoluton of two functons g(t) and f(t) s the functon (g

More information

Math 426: Probability MWF 1pm, Gasson 310 Homework 4 Selected Solutions

Math 426: Probability MWF 1pm, Gasson 310 Homework 4 Selected Solutions Exercses from Ross, 3, : Math 26: Probablty MWF pm, Gasson 30 Homework Selected Solutons 3, p. 05 Problems 76, 86 3, p. 06 Theoretcal exercses 3, 6, p. 63 Problems 5, 0, 20, p. 69 Theoretcal exercses 2,

More information

Finite Element Modelling of truss/cable structures

Finite Element Modelling of truss/cable structures Pet Schreurs Endhoven Unversty of echnology Department of Mechancal Engneerng Materals echnology November 3, 214 Fnte Element Modellng of truss/cable structures 1 Fnte Element Analyss of prestressed structures

More information

Open Systems: Chemical Potential and Partial Molar Quantities Chemical Potential

Open Systems: Chemical Potential and Partial Molar Quantities Chemical Potential Open Systems: Chemcal Potental and Partal Molar Quanttes Chemcal Potental For closed systems, we have derved the followng relatonshps: du = TdS pdv dh = TdS + Vdp da = SdT pdv dg = VdP SdT For open systems,

More information

Buckingham s pi-theorem

Buckingham s pi-theorem TMA495 Mathematcal modellng 2004 Buckngham s p-theorem Harald Hanche-Olsen hanche@math.ntnu.no Theory Ths note s about physcal quanttes R,...,R n. We lke to measure them n a consstent system of unts, such

More information

PHYS 705: Classical Mechanics. Calculus of Variations II

PHYS 705: Classical Mechanics. Calculus of Variations II 1 PHYS 705: Classcal Mechancs Calculus of Varatons II 2 Calculus of Varatons: Generalzaton (no constrant yet) Suppose now that F depends on several dependent varables : We need to fnd such that has a statonary

More information

Mechanics Physics 151

Mechanics Physics 151 Mechancs Physcs 151 Lecture 3 Lagrange s Equatons (Goldsten Chapter 1) Hamlton s Prncple (Chapter 2) What We Dd Last Tme! Dscussed mult-partcle systems! Internal and external forces! Laws of acton and

More information

At zero K: All atoms frozen at fixed positions on a periodic lattice.

At zero K: All atoms frozen at fixed positions on a periodic lattice. September, 00 Readng: Chapter Four Homework: None Entropy and The Degree of Dsorder: Consder a sold crystallne materal: At zero K: All atoms frozen at fxed postons on a perodc lattce. Add heat to a fnte

More information

9 Characteristic classes

9 Characteristic classes THEODORE VORONOV DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY. Sprng 2009 [under constructon] 9 Characterstc classes 9.1 The frst Chern class of a lne bundle Consder a complex vector bundle E B of rank p. We shall construct

More information

Statistics and Probability Theory in Civil, Surveying and Environmental Engineering

Statistics and Probability Theory in Civil, Surveying and Environmental Engineering Statstcs and Probablty Theory n Cvl, Surveyng and Envronmental Engneerng Pro. Dr. Mchael Havbro Faber ETH Zurch, Swtzerland Contents o Todays Lecture Overvew o Uncertanty Modelng Random Varables - propertes

More information

Salmon: Lectures on partial differential equations. Consider the general linear, second-order PDE in the form. ,x 2

Salmon: Lectures on partial differential equations. Consider the general linear, second-order PDE in the form. ,x 2 Salmon: Lectures on partal dfferental equatons 5. Classfcaton of second-order equatons There are general methods for classfyng hgher-order partal dfferental equatons. One s very general (applyng even to

More information

Tensor Analysis. For orthogonal curvilinear coordinates, ˆ ˆ (98) Expanding the derivative, we have, ˆ. h q. . h q h q

Tensor Analysis. For orthogonal curvilinear coordinates, ˆ ˆ (98) Expanding the derivative, we have, ˆ. h q. . h q h q For orthogonal curvlnear coordnates, eˆ grad a a= ( aˆ ˆ e). h q (98) Expandng the dervatve, we have, eˆ aˆ ˆ e a= ˆ ˆ a h e + q q 1 aˆ ˆ ˆ a e = ee ˆˆ ˆ + e. h q h q Now expandng eˆ / q (some of the detals

More information

Density matrix. c α (t)φ α (q)

Density matrix. c α (t)φ α (q) Densty matrx Note: ths s supplementary materal. I strongly recommend that you read t for your own nterest. I beleve t wll help wth understandng the quantum ensembles, but t s not necessary to know t n

More information

Note: Please use the actual date you accessed this material in your citation.

Note: Please use the actual date you accessed this material in your citation. MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mt.edu 6.13/ESD.13J Electromagnetcs and Applcatons, Fall 5 Please use the followng ctaton format: Markus Zahn, Erch Ippen, and Davd Staeln, 6.13/ESD.13J Electromagnetcs and

More information

EPR Paradox and the Physical Meaning of an Experiment in Quantum Mechanics. Vesselin C. Noninski

EPR Paradox and the Physical Meaning of an Experiment in Quantum Mechanics. Vesselin C. Noninski EPR Paradox and the Physcal Meanng of an Experment n Quantum Mechancs Vesseln C Nonnsk vesselnnonnsk@verzonnet Abstract It s shown that there s one purely determnstc outcome when measurement s made on

More information

ISSN: ISO 9001:2008 Certified International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT) Volume 3, Issue 1, July 2013

ISSN: ISO 9001:2008 Certified International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT) Volume 3, Issue 1, July 2013 ISSN: 2277-375 Constructon of Trend Free Run Orders for Orthogonal rrays Usng Codes bstract: Sometmes when the expermental runs are carred out n a tme order sequence, the response can depend on the run

More information

Mechanics Physics 151

Mechanics Physics 151 Mechancs Physcs 5 Lecture 0 Canoncal Transformatons (Chapter 9) What We Dd Last Tme Hamlton s Prncple n the Hamltonan formalsm Dervaton was smple δi δ p H(, p, t) = 0 Adonal end-pont constrants δ t ( )

More information

Asymptotics of the Solution of a Boundary Value. Problem for One-Characteristic Differential. Equation Degenerating into a Parabolic Equation

Asymptotics of the Solution of a Boundary Value. Problem for One-Characteristic Differential. Equation Degenerating into a Parabolic Equation Nonl. Analyss and Dfferental Equatons, ol., 4, no., 5 - HIKARI Ltd, www.m-har.com http://dx.do.org/.988/nade.4.456 Asymptotcs of the Soluton of a Boundary alue Problem for One-Characterstc Dfferental Equaton

More information

The equation of motion of a dynamical system is given by a set of differential equations. That is (1)

The equation of motion of a dynamical system is given by a set of differential equations. That is (1) Dynamcal Systems Many engneerng and natural systems are dynamcal systems. For example a pendulum s a dynamcal system. State l The state of the dynamcal system specfes t condtons. For a pendulum n the absence

More information

Week 8: Chapter 9. Linear Momentum. Newton Law and Momentum. Linear Momentum, cont. Conservation of Linear Momentum. Conservation of Momentum, 2

Week 8: Chapter 9. Linear Momentum. Newton Law and Momentum. Linear Momentum, cont. Conservation of Linear Momentum. Conservation of Momentum, 2 Lnear omentum Week 8: Chapter 9 Lnear omentum and Collsons The lnear momentum of a partcle, or an object that can be modeled as a partcle, of mass m movng wth a velocty v s defned to be the product of

More information

Classical Field Theory

Classical Field Theory Classcal Feld Theory Before we embark on quantzng an nteractng theory, we wll take a dverson nto classcal feld theory and classcal perturbaton theory and see how far we can get. The reader s expected to

More information

Random Walks on Digraphs

Random Walks on Digraphs Random Walks on Dgraphs J. J. P. Veerman October 23, 27 Introducton Let V = {, n} be a vertex set and S a non-negatve row-stochastc matrx (.e. rows sum to ). V and S defne a dgraph G = G(V, S) and a drected

More information

Signal space Review on vector space Linear independence Metric space and norm Inner product

Signal space Review on vector space Linear independence Metric space and norm Inner product Sgnal space.... Revew on vector space.... Lnear ndependence... 3.3 Metrc space and norm... 4.4 Inner product... 5.5 Orthonormal bass... 7.6 Waveform communcaton system... 9.7 Some examples... 6 Sgnal space

More information

Limited Dependent Variables

Limited Dependent Variables Lmted Dependent Varables. What f the left-hand sde varable s not a contnuous thng spread from mnus nfnty to plus nfnty? That s, gven a model = f (, β, ε, where a. s bounded below at zero, such as wages

More information

The Gaussian classifier. Nuno Vasconcelos ECE Department, UCSD

The Gaussian classifier. Nuno Vasconcelos ECE Department, UCSD he Gaussan classfer Nuno Vasconcelos ECE Department, UCSD Bayesan decson theory recall that we have state of the world X observatons g decson functon L[g,y] loss of predctng y wth g Bayes decson rule s

More information

Combined Wronskian solutions to the 2D Toda molecule equation

Combined Wronskian solutions to the 2D Toda molecule equation Combned Wronskan solutons to the 2D Toda molecule equaton Wen-Xu Ma Department of Mathematcs and Statstcs, Unversty of South Florda, Tampa, FL 33620-5700, USA Abstract By combnng two peces of b-drectonal

More information

AERODYNAMICS I LECTURE 6 AERODYNAMICS OF A WING FUNDAMENTALS OF THE LIFTING-LINE THEORY

AERODYNAMICS I LECTURE 6 AERODYNAMICS OF A WING FUNDAMENTALS OF THE LIFTING-LINE THEORY LECTURE 6 AERODYNAMICS OF A WING FUNDAMENTALS OF THE LIFTING-LINE THEORY The Bot-Savart Law The velocty nduced by the sngular vortex lne wth the crculaton can be determned by means of the Bot- Savart formula

More information

THE VIBRATIONS OF MOLECULES II THE CARBON DIOXIDE MOLECULE Student Instructions

THE VIBRATIONS OF MOLECULES II THE CARBON DIOXIDE MOLECULE Student Instructions THE VIBRATIONS OF MOLECULES II THE CARBON DIOXIDE MOLECULE Student Instructons by George Hardgrove Chemstry Department St. Olaf College Northfeld, MN 55057 hardgrov@lars.acc.stolaf.edu Copyrght George

More information

e - c o m p a n i o n

e - c o m p a n i o n OPERATIONS RESEARCH http://dxdoorg/0287/opre007ec e - c o m p a n o n ONLY AVAILABLE IN ELECTRONIC FORM 202 INFORMS Electronc Companon Generalzed Quantty Competton for Multple Products and Loss of Effcency

More information

Errors for Linear Systems

Errors for Linear Systems Errors for Lnear Systems When we solve a lnear system Ax b we often do not know A and b exactly, but have only approxmatons  and ˆb avalable. Then the best thng we can do s to solve ˆx ˆb exactly whch

More information

Introduction to Random Variables

Introduction to Random Variables Introducton to Random Varables Defnton of random varable Defnton of random varable Dscrete and contnuous random varable Probablty functon Dstrbuton functon Densty functon Sometmes, t s not enough to descrbe

More information

Analysis of the Magnetomotive Force of a Three-Phase Winding with Concentrated Coils and Different Symmetry Features

Analysis of the Magnetomotive Force of a Three-Phase Winding with Concentrated Coils and Different Symmetry Features Analyss of the Magnetomotve Force of a Three-Phase Wndng wth Concentrated Cols and Dfferent Symmetry Features Deter Gerlng Unversty of Federal Defense Munch, Neubberg, 85579, Germany Emal: Deter.Gerlng@unbw.de

More information

Lecture 14 (03/27/18). Channels. Decoding. Preview of the Capacity Theorem.

Lecture 14 (03/27/18). Channels. Decoding. Preview of the Capacity Theorem. Lecture 14 (03/27/18). Channels. Decodng. Prevew of the Capacty Theorem. A. Barg The concept of a communcaton channel n nformaton theory s an abstracton for transmttng dgtal (and analog) nformaton from

More information

Module 1 : The equation of continuity. Lecture 1: Equation of Continuity

Module 1 : The equation of continuity. Lecture 1: Equation of Continuity 1 Module 1 : The equaton of contnuty Lecture 1: Equaton of Contnuty 2 Advanced Heat and Mass Transfer: Modules 1. THE EQUATION OF CONTINUITY : Lectures 1-6 () () () (v) (v) Overall Mass Balance Momentum

More information