! "#$%&'()*$*+,!+-!.$*/(+&!.0(%1&!*%!+0&!.-%+&2+!-3!4#$+*5$&!6+'&77-'78!! +0&!.(7&!-3!9#%(3#+*:!;#<($#!!! ),!! A!;0&7*7!
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- Delphia Pope
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
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14 @>S*;7L=6A9CFAD=D This section follows the evolution of vulnerability assessments from impact assessment through first and second generation assessments which progressively begin to include non-climatic determinants of exposure-sensitivities and adaptive capacity. It also outlines the theoretical framework employed in this research. The chapter ends by highlighting the research opportunities that this thesis addresses. Chapter 3, Study Location, provides the regional and local context for the community case study including a description of local characteristics that influence how the community experiences and manages changing conditions. This is followed, in Chapter 4, Methodology, by a detailed outline of the empirical framework and methods employed, including the development of the case study, sampling strategies, interview design and structure, the role of secondary sources, participant observation, and data analysis. N&7#$+73-'+0&3*'7++T-'&7&('@0-)Z&@+*<&7('&5'&7&+&=*.0(5+&'\:8:==+&( 2:)+="R')'&D?C+0&3*'7+7&@+*--3+0*7@0(5+&':IL,9*:=UF+*'&'@'&'*:+0&@-=*+*-7+0(+ (33&@+$*<&7(=$*<&$*0--=7*9#(3#+*('&*=&+*3*&=(==*7@#77&=?;0&7&@-=7&@+*-: 46",&'@F&="&-'*:5'-<*=&7(=*7@#77*--3+0&+,5&7-3(=(5+*<&7+'(+&1*&7+0(+('& &/5$-,&=*9#(3#+*+-@-5&T*+07+'&77&7+-$*<&7(=$*<&$*0--=7:(7T&$$(7+0&)(''*&'7 \
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53 &.51,'(<&+0&5,80*H(0*1.12-(.(.(4(.+-'&(+2',*0B=*5('&(841.1=51.4*+&'&+815( *.0&0'(+*0*1.(8+*&09 $1+(7B'*5&*40&40()8&211+*.0&+*&012$,H(8,(.48*H*.<*.3,.(2,0*9:0*44(*+ 0(00&'*5&=(4*.0'1+,5&+010&$,H(8,(.+*&0=&.8(-1,'&'42'16Q5&(.:48(.+(.+ a(,',b=1=&'&2&+'*5&=*8&=1'j*.<21'0&y'*0*4^14)(0&n166144*1.b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f1=&H&'B*0(4-&&.&40*6(0&+0(0())'1F*6(0&87RAg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``
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76 $&0'(.4*0*1.01(5(4&51.167(4),051.4*+&'(-8&40'(*.1.)&1)8&8*H*.<*. 3,.(2,0*=&'&_1-1))1'0,.*0*&4('&8*6*0&+9$&5&.0'(8<1H&'.6&.0*40&6(*.&6)817&' *.3,.(2,0*B(.+416&_1-4('&(H(*8(-8&0'1,<0&d(,),8&B0&451184B0&-(.J(.+ 46(88-,4*.&44&49>4'&4)1.+&.04+&45'*-&+I $&0*.<*40&8*6*0&+_1-1))1'0,.*0*&49c&5(.G05(0&'21'&H&'71.&01(H&_1-4 -&5(,4&0&<1H&'.6&.0*40&6(*.&6)817&'M'&4)1.+&.02'16W(*(J,B(<&"AB P&)0&6-&'#BSA?SO9 QH&'&'&B1.870&=&88&+,5(0&+)&1)8&5(.<&0_1-4q<11+_1-48*J&P&5'&0('7B1' =(0&H&'_1-40&7(H&*.0&D<1H&'.6&.0E122*5&9Y,021',.&+,5(0&+)&1)8&B*0*4 '&(887+*22*5,80012*.+_1-4M'&4)1.+&.02'16>8()*B(<&``BP&)0&6-&'eBSA?SO9 :.=(J&120&0'(.4*0*1.2'160&0'(+*0*1.(80161+&'.8*2&4078&*.3,.(2,0*B(.&= 4(7*.<(4&6&'<&+*.0&$,H(8,(.8(.<,(<&BNO<P5+<5,+/)0)A)<'()6<+(+)<5<5+<5 /)0)A)<' BL6&(.*.<0(0-&21'&B71,'=&(80=(4+&0&'6*.&+-771,'8(.+B-,0.1=71,'=&(80*4+&0&'6*.&+-771,'*.0&88*<&.5&9Z+,5(0*1.*4.1=*<87H(8,&+-7 $,H(8,(.49$&<1H&'.6&.04)&.+4( &71.2,.+*.<0&&+,5(0*1.4740&6B(.+ 2(6*8*&4'&51<.*/&0&*6)1'0(.5&12&+,5(0*.<0&*'71,.<6&6-&'401516)&0&*.0& 61+&'.=(7128*2&9>4('&4,800&'&*4(.(-,.+(.5&12*<87U,(8*2*&+*.+*H*+,(84B '&2&''&+01(4C45118;8&(H&'4BL'&4*+*.<*.3,.(2,0*=*01,0_1-49 $&1-8*<(0*1.014,))1'02(6*876&6-&'4*.3,.(2,0**4(41,'5&122*.(.5*(840'&44 21'6(.7'&4)1.+&.049:0*4(0'(+*0*1.*.$,H(8,B0(0H*4*0*.<2(6*876&6-&'4=*88-&2,887 4,))1'0&+-70&140*.<2(6*87B=1*4120&.0&&8+&406&6-&'120&2(6*879>41.& '&4)1.+&.0&F)8(*.&+I 31'&F(6)8&B674&82B*2)&1)8&516&2'160&1,0&'*48(.+4(.+0&740(7=*0,4B=& ('&0&1.&'&4)1.4*-8&21'&H&'70*.<9c&(H&014,))87211+B0&&8&50'*5*07-*88 (.+0*.<48*J&0(09p:2)&1)8&('&40(7*.<*.(-*<2(6*87B(.+0&7&8)&(510&' 51.0'*-,0*.<B8*J&-,7*.<211+B0&.0&7+1.G0(H&()'1-8&69Y,00(0*40&6(*. )'1-8&6&'&*.$,H(8,9$&7'&879Z4)&5*(887B=*00&&8+&'4*.0&2(6*87B0&1.& e#
77 =11=.40&)8(5&B8*J&0&1,4&9$&7+&)&.+9ZH&'70*.<B0&7+&)&.+ M'&4)1.+&.02'163(J(*21,B(<&e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pY&21'&B *0=(4.G0-(+(4*0*4.1=M'&4)1.+&.02'16W(*(J,B(<&"SBQ501-&'RBSA?SO9 D"$"$"#C ;'&8(0&+*44,&4('&12<'&(051.5&'.01)&1)8&8*H*.<*.3,.(2,0*9N1.+*0*1.4 4,5(40&*.(-*8*0701)'1+,5&B<(0&'B(.+('H&40815(8211+B'&8*(.5&1.( *6)1'0&+211+B4*5J.&44'&8(0&+01,.&(807+*&04B(.+5(.<*.<+*&0('7)'&2&'&.5&4('& 2'&U,&.0875*0&+(4)'1-8&6(0*5018*H&4(.+8*H&8*11+4M$(-8&V9?O9 er
78 [*2&*.3,.(2,0*5(.-&+*22*5,80-&5(,4&)&1)8&0&.+01'& &7B'(0&'0(. 0&8(.+(.+4&(01<&0211+9Y(''*&'401('H&40*.<(.+51.4,6*.<815(8211+2'160&8(.+ *.58,+&0&*.(+&U,(0&4)(5&01<'1=211+B(.+'&40'*50&+(55&44018(.+9\()*+)1),8(0*1. <'1=0*.3,.(2,0*(45(,4&+6,5120&6(*.*48&001-&+&H&81)&+=*01,4&4(.+ -,*8+*.<4B(.+(4'&+,5&+0&(61,.0124)(5&(H(*8(-8&21'<'1=*.<815( ' &F(6)8&B1.&'&4)1.+&.0+&45'*-&+B py&21'&*0*4<11+-&5(,4&0&'&=&'&2&=)&1)8&b=&(+(810128(.+21')8(.0*.< 1,'<('+&.4(.+=&&(02'161,'<('+&.B-,0.1=-&5(,4&120&*.5'&(4*.< )1),8(0*1.(.+0&.,6-&'12)&1)8&&'&0&'&*4.14)(5&21'<('+&.*.<41=&('& 21'5&+01&(00&*6)1'0&+211+4B=*5'&U,*'&461.&7B=*521'416&2(6*8*&4*4 +*22*5,80M'&4)1.+&.02'16P&.(8(B(<&#RB>,<,40?BSA?SO9 :.(++*0*1.B)&1)8&=1('&.(0*H&011,0&'*48( =.8(.+1.=*501<'1=(.+ ('H&40815( &5(,4&0&7('&.101'*<*.(8872'163,.(2,0*9>41.&'&4)1.+&.0 +&45'*-&+I r&4b&4)&5*(88721'675(4&b-&5(,4&:g62'160&1,0&'*48(.+441:+1.g0(h&8(.+49 T(7-&0(0G40&-*<<&40)'1-8&6=&(H&B71,J.1=B=&(H&01(4J1,''&8(0*H&4 2'160&1,0&'*48(.+401<*H&,4416&211+*.40&(+12_,40(H*.<8(.+4&'&9[(.+4 &'&=1,8+&8)(810:-&8*&H&9c&=1,8+(H&(.10&'1)0*1.*.40&(+12-,7*.< 211+4M'&4)1.+&.02'16W(*(J,B(<&"ABP&)0&6-&'#BSA?SO9 f('h&40*.<2*42'160&4&((4(841-&516&+*22*5,80*.3,.(2,0*93*4&'6&.(h&.10&+(+&58*.&*.0&.,6-&'(.+4*/&120&2*40&7('&(-8&015(05=&.2*4*.<(81.< 0&41'&9$&7+&45'*-&0(0=*8&0&7,4&+01-&(-8&01<1010&15&(.4*+&(.+5(40 0&*'.&0(2&=0*6&4015(05&.1,<2*421'(2(6*876&(8B0&7.1=6,40=(8J81.< +*40(.5&4(81.<0&41'&21'(4*6*8('5(059>41.&2*4&'6&.+&45'*-&+BCY&21'&=&. 71,<11,02*4*.<B71,5(.<&0416&_,40(00&&+<&B-,0.1=71,(H&01<12('L (55&4401(-1(0B1'<1+*H*.<*.1'+&'012*49
79 >4('&4,80120&*.(+&U,(0&(H(*8(-*8* (8211+B)&1)8&*.3,.(2,0*'&87&(H*87 1.*6)1'0& T(.7'&4)1.+&.045*0&0*4(4()'1-8&6*.0&' B,.5&'0(*. (H(*8(-*8*07B(.+&(809T(.7)&1)8&40',<<8&=*00&*.5'&(4*.< *.0&41)49 :6)1'0&+<11+4('&&F)&.4*H&-&5(,4&$,H(8,*441'&610&K1=&H&'B&H&.0& *4 *4&F)&.4*H&*.3,.(2,0*931'&F(6)8&B0& *4*.3,.(2,0**4>]bj`9AA1'j`9VA)&' J*81<'(6516)('&+01>]bj?9AA1'j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p&'&1.3,.(2,0*b61402(6*8*&4b0&7+&)&.+1.-,7*.<211+9>.+71,5(.(8414&& 0&71,.<5*8+'&.4&&601.10&._17&(0*.<1,'1=.0'(+*0*1.(8211+pa1=B0&7B*2 71,<101)('0*&41'&'&(016&B*2:511J-'&(+2',*0(.+()1012'*5&B0&)1012'*5& =*88_,40+*4())&('B-,071,=*88(H&416(.7-'&(+2',*08&201H&'49Y,00&'*5&.1B 71,511J'*5&*.0&(20&'.11.B71,511J'*5&*.0&&H&.*.<B71,511J'*5&(<(*.*. 0&61'.*.<9$(0G4=(0=&('&&F)&'*&.5*.<.1=p$(0G4=(00&7('& #A
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b,'*.<0&SA??+'1,<0B2(6*8*&4+*+.10(H&&.1,<=(0&'21'+'*.J*.<B-(0*.<B511J*.<B=(4*.<B1'2&&+*.<0&*')*<49$'&&4 +*&+9412&=&''&41,'5&42'160&8(.+=&'&(H(*8(-8&B86()<))*04=*0&'&+B(.+<('+&.4 =&'&(-(.+1.&+*.1'+&'0151.4&'H&2'&4=(0&'9 \&4)1.+&.044&&0&=(0&')'1-8&6*.3,.(2,0*(4(2,.50*1.12=(0&'401'(<& 5()(5*07(.+.,6-&'12)&1)8&)&'1,4&18+9\&4)1.+&.040&.+0140(0&0(00&7&*0&' '&(8874,22&'&+B1'0(00&7=&'&(-8&016(.(<&2(*'87=&88+&)&.+*.<1.0&.,6-&'12 )&1)8&*.0&*'1,4&18+931'&F(6)8&B1.&'&4)1.+&.040(0&+I c&=&'&'&( &'.&+(-1,00&8(40+'1,<0-&5(,4&=&'&(8872(5&+(81012 )'1-8&64-&5(,4&=&(+(810122(6*876&6-&'4(00&0*6&M'&4)1.+&.02'16 $&1.&B(<&SeB>,<,40?"BSA?SO9 c*8&(.10&'4(*+i #?
81 $&+'1,<0+*+.G0'&(887(22&50,46,5-&5(,4&=&(H&&.1,<=(0&'0(.J4(.+B 1,'2(6*87B0&'&('&1.87(2&=12,4B21,'12,4B41=&(H&01'(0*1.1,'=(0&' =*4&87(.+,4&*0=*4&879Y,0B.&H&'0&8&44B=&40*88(+01<&01,'=(0&'2'160& *48(.+5166,.*070(.J4B1,''(0*1.M'&4)1.+&.02'163(J(*21,B(<&eAB>,<,40?AB SA?SO9 3,.(2,0*'&5&*H&4())'1F*6(0&87"VAA6612'(*.2(88)&'7&('B=*5*4,4,(887 (+&U,(0&014&'H&0&)1),8(0*1.G42'&4=(0&'.&&+49P*.5&3,.(2,0*'&5&*H&44,5(8('<& (61,.012'(*.2(88B815(84(841H*&=0&=(0&'*44,&(4()'1-8&612*.(+&U,(0&=(0&' 401'(<&5()(5*079>4(.&8+&'*.3,.(2,0*+&45'*-&+BCp=&GH&<10)8&.0712'(*.-,00& )'1-8&6*40&=(0&'401'(<&B*0*4.10&.1,<LM'&4)1.+&.02'16>8()*B(<&#SBP&)0&6-&'?ABSA?SO9 b'74)&884('&h*&=&+(4)('0*5,8('875(88&.<*.<016(.(<&*.3,.(2,0*516)('&+01 0&1,0&'*48(.+4B(.+516)('&+010&)(409b'74)&884('&51.4*+&'&+)('0*5,8('87 )'1-8&6(0*5*.3,.(2,0*-&5(,4&B,.8*J&0&1,0&'*48(.+4B3,.(2,0*+1&4.10(H&(H*(-8& 2'&4=(0&'8&.4931'&F(6)8&B1.&'&4)1.+&.040(0&+BCQH&'&'&D1)6()E*4'&(887+*22*5,80 -&5(,4&0&'&*4.10&.1,<=(0&'B-,0=&'&=&516&2'16*.1,'16&*48(.+B=&(H& =(0&'2'160&=&88LM'&4)1.+&.02'163(J(*21,B(<&eeB>,<,40#BSA?SO9>841B*.0&)(40B +'74)&884*.3,.(2,0*=&'&.10(45(88&.<*.<-&5(,4&0&'&=&'&2&=&')&1)8&B)&1)8&,4&+01,4&4&(=(0&''(0&'0(.2'&4=(0&'21'6(.71,4&18+(50*H*0*&4B(.+)&1)8&,4&+01+'*.J5151.,0_,*5&*.0*6&412.&&+9$1+(7B0&+&6(.+21'2'&4=(0&'*4*<&' -&5(,4&120&*.5'&(4&+)1),8(0*1.B(.+5(.<&4*.=(0&',4&-&(H*1,'9:.(++*0*1.B 416&120&0'(+*0*1.(8=(0&'6(.(<&6&.040'(0&<*&44,5(40&)'&)('(0*1.12+'*&+2*4 (.+0&+'*.J*.< ,0_,*5&('&.10)'(50*5&+(40&71.5&=&'&9 #S
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p$&'&*4.10&.1,<8(.+01)8(.0 5'1)4-&5(,4& &)&1)8&0&740(71.*09P1D=&E+1.G0(H&&.1,<4)(5&01 -,*8+D1,'E<('+&.41'(.75'1)421'D1,'E4&8H&4M'&4)1.+&.02'16>8()*B(<&#?B >,<,40?`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
83 M'&4)1.+&.02'16>8()*B(<&#?B>,<,40?`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`A)&1)8& =&'&8*H*.<*.&'1,4&9$&1,4&-&81.<&+01&'(.+&',4-(.+B-,00&'&=&'&21,' 10&'51,)8&4(8418*H*.<0&'&=*00&*'5*8+'&.B)8,4(2&=4*.<8&-174=1(+ <'(+,(0&+2'16>6(0,J,B0&4&(2('*.<45118B(.+=&'&=(*0*.<21'=1'JB)8,41.&71,.< <*'8=14&)('&.04(+(4J&+*24&51,8+'&4*+&=*00&6*.3,.(2,0*01(00&.+0&a(,0* ^'*6('7P5118'(0&'0(.(00&.+0& &'16&*48(.+9$&)&1)8&'&4*+*.< #`
84 =*00&6=&'&5814&'&8(0*H&41.-10&'4*+&(.+&',4-(.+G44*+&B(801,< '16&',4-(.+G44*+&B(.+(801,<416&0*6&40&4*.<8&=1'J*.<-174=1, '*-,0&-7-,7*.<(-(<12'*5&1'4,<('B*0=( &(.+&',4-(.+4,))1'0*.< 0&&.0*'&1,4&18+9>44&+&45'*-&+I :0*441+*22*5,809ZH&.*20&'&('&1.870=1)&1)8&=1'J*.<*.0&2(6*8*&4(.+71, (H&014,))1'0(88`A61,049]4,(8870(0G4=(0:G6+1*.<&'&*.1,')8(5&=& 511J21'&H&'7-1+79>.+&H&.21'0&211+B416&120&6p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
85 '&4)1.+&.04&F)'&44&+(5,80,'(81-8*<(0*1.014,))1'00&*'&F0&.+&+2(6*87( '*-,0&01H('*1,42,.+'(*4*.<(50*H*0*&4B&H&.=&.*0=(4.10*.0&*')&'41.(8-&40 *.0&'&40931'&F(6)8&B=&.+*45,44*.<0&1-8*<(0*1.014,))1'02(6*876&6-&'42'16 1,0&'*48(.+4B1.&'&4)1.+&.04(*+BC:0G40'(+*0*1.9r1,5(.G04(7.171,5(.G0516&9:0G4 H&'7p:0*4-(+LM'&4)1.+&.02'163(J(*21,B(<&eAB>,<,40?ABSA?SO9>.10&''&4)1.+&.0B $&'&('&416(.75166*06&.04&'&1.0&5()*0(89c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p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p=&GH&<10( &(.+<&0 *0B-,0.1=0&7('&&F)&50*.<41'0128*J&(-('0&'4740&61'&F5(.<&9[*J&BD*2 =&(4JEBC5(.=&<&0416&-'&(+2',*0nBL0&.0&7&F)&50()(5J&012SJ<1'`J<12 '*5&M'&4)1.+&.02'163(J(*21,B(<&VAB>,<,40SSBSA?SO9 #e
86 $&61+&'.*/(0*1.123,.(2,0*(.+51''&4)1.+*.<5(.<&4*.0&=(7128*2&('& 6&.0*1.&+-76(.7'&4)1.+&.04(451.+*0*1.40(0(H&(22&50&+8*H&4(.+8*H&8*11+49 P16&5(.<&44,5(40&51.40',50*1.120&0('4&(8&+'1(+B0&=*+&4)'&(+,4& '-*J&4(.+0&-,*8+*.<1251.5'&0&16&4('&H*&=&+(4-&.&2*5*(85(.<&4B=*8& 10&'4&F)'&44&+(4&.4& '0&*.0'*.4*5H(8,&120&0'(+*0*1.(8=(7128*2&9>41.& '&4)1.+&.0+&45'*-&+I c&('&40('0*.<01(+1)00&z,'1)&(.4078&128*h*.<9c&+1.g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c*+&4)'&(+2811+*.<*.5&'0(*.('&(4123,.(2,0*+,'*.< J*.<0*+&&H&.04B(.+4(80=(0&'*.0',4*1.1286()<))*04(.+<('+&.4('&)'1-8&6(0*5 51.+*0*1.4(4415*(0&+=*0&F0'&6&4&(8&H&849 ##
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110 0(0$,H(8,=1.G04*.J9$&45*&.0*4044(70(0*0=*88-, &$,H(8,(.44(7.1 -&5(,4&0&7),00&*'2(*0*.X1+LM'&4)1.+&.02'16W(*(J,B(<&S?Bl,87SeBSA?SO9Q0&' '&4)1.+&.04*6)8*&+0(0(+()0(0*1.014&(8&H&8'*4&58*6(0&5(.<&*42,0*8&-&5(,4&I $(0G4X1+G45'&(0*1.41p*2X1++&5*+&40&=(0&'=*88516&,)01&'&B*0=*88516&,)01&'&9f1=6(.701,4(.+4=1,8+:4)&.+01-,*8+(*<&'1,4&B-,0*2X1+ +&5*+&+B*0=* (880&=(7,)010&'&0&.*0=* (880&=(7,)010&'& M'&4)1.+&.02'16$&J(H(01&01&B(<&`#B>,<,40?VBSA?SO9 Q))1'0,.*0*&4 D"#"#"RZ)2'545//60'E)1'50 $,H(8,G '612.(0*1.(86&+*(*4\(+*1$,H(8,1)&'(0&+-70&$,H(8,T&+*( N1')1'(0*1.M$TNO1.3,.(2,0*9\(+*15166,.*5(0*1.)8(74(.*.0&<'(8'18&*.(+()0(0*1. 015*<,(0&'(2*4)1*41.*.<4*.3,.(2,0*9b,'*.<0&1,0-'&(J125*<,(0&'(*.>,<,40SA?SB \(+*1$,H(8,8*40&+0&51.0(6*.(0&+4)&5*&4122*44&H&'(80*6&4&(5+(7B( '&4)1.+&.04*.+*5(0&+0(00&7(H1*+&+0&4)&5*&4122*48*40&+-70&'(+*19ZH*+&.087B '(+*15166,.*5(0*1.*4&22&50*H&6&(.412J.1=8&+<&+*44&6*.(0*1.(61.<0&3,.(2,0* 5166,.*079$&'&21'&B'(+*15166,.*5(0*1.'&)'&4&.04(.1))1'0,.*0721'0& +*44&6*.(0*1.12J.1=8&+<&'&<('+*.<(+()0(0*1.(50*1.4*.3,.(2,0*9 D"#"#"SI5E')(E)8'1)( P15*(85()*0(8'&2&'401C0&.1'64(.+.&0=1'J40(0&.(-8&)&1)8&01( &50*H&87LMc118515Jha('(7(.BSAAAO9:0(4-&&.+&45'*-&+(4C(.&5&44('7k<8,&G21' (+()0*H&5()(5*07LM>+<&'BSAA"O9P15*(85()*0(8(-1,.+4*.0&3,.(2,0*5166,.*079 $,H(8,(.4(H&&F0&.4*H&2(6*8*(80*&4B&.+,'*.<*48(.+5166,.*070*&4B(.+(40'1.<4&.4& 12J*.4*)0'1,<0&*'N'*40*(.2(*09$&-1,.+('*&412415*(8.&0=1'J4&F0&.+-&71.+ 0&3,.(2,0*5166,.*07011,0&'*48(.+'&8(0*H&4(.+5166,.*0*&4(4=&88(4'&8(0*H&4?A?
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112 )'&4&'H(0*1.)'(50*5&4B(.+0&-,*8+*.<12815(8B'&4*8*&.040',50,'&4B(4=&88(4 '&*.0'1+,5*.<0'(+*0*1.(82*4&'*&46(.(<&6&.06&(4,'&4'&)'&4&.0)144*-8&40'(0&<*&4 0(0=1,8+8*J&87&.(.5&0&(+()0*H&5()(5*07120&3,.(2,0*5166,.*079 $&-'1(+(*6120*4'&4&('5*401(44&440&H,8.&'(-*8*0712)&1)8&8*H*.<*. 3,.(2,0*B$,H(8,01'*4J4(4415*(0&+=*058*6(0&5(.<&*.0&51.0&F0126,80*)8& 40'&441'49$1(5*&H&0*4(*6B0&'&4&('5+15,6&.040&51.+*0*1.40(05,''&.087 *.28,&.5&0&8*H&4(.+8*H&8*11+412)&1)8&8*H*.<*.3,.(2,0*B-1058*6(0&;'&8(0&+(.+ 10&'=*4&9:.1'+&'015('(50&'*/&0&.(0,'&12H,8.&'(-*8*0701'*4J44)&5*2*5(887'&8(0&+ 0158*6(0&5(.<&B*0*45'*0*5(8010&(4&1,00&&F)14,'&;4&.4*0*H*0*&4(.+(+()0*H& 40'(0&<*&40(0('&'&8(0&+0158*6(0&5(.<&B2'16014&0(0('&8&44419$(-8&V9`8*4040& 516)1.&.04128*H&4(.+8*H&8*11+40(0('&4&.4*0*H&0158*6(0&51.+*0*1.49?A"
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133 M8T2+-'*21&-8/3'-20&&/55)&''('.3-8').(05)4-33./&),).+)&)-0'() 1+)c/)0.*21' *.320)&-0'()1/'/+)6E28)&-8/3'-20&(:)-0,-.'),-0.+)&)&-0 '()-0')0&-'-)&21'()&'+205)&'&'2+8&D3'(2/5(2'()+&&/55)&'02.(05)2+,).+)&)&HI (24):)+;.28=-0),4-'(9+2T).'),,).+)&)&-00/8=)+;'(-&42/3,&/55)&',).+)&)-0 '()0/8=)+21-0')0&)' *.320)&-0'()E2/'(a.-1-.6l012+'/0')3*;'()+)99)+& '2=)025+))8)0'209+),-.'-20&-0.*.320)5)0)&-&32.'-20&0,'+.<&6E28)82,)3& 9+),-.'02.(05)-0' *.320)12+8'-20+)5-20&;2'()+&9+),-.'.*.320)& '(0,2'()+&1/+'()+&2/'(6M3'(2/5(,-+).'&'+-<)&21.*.320)&20>/01/'-+) / ;'()&2.-)'3-89.'&+)-88)0&)6>/01/' )5+)')++-&<12+82+) 1+)c/)0',-+).'&'+-<)&21.*.320)&-1.*.320)&12+81/+'()+02+'(-0'()E2/'(a ( ')67(-&4&'().&)-0e/++-.0)Q)=)-0"YOG6K):)+'()3)&&;.*.320)& +)&9).''2.*.320)5)0)&-&0,'+.<&;'(''()+)4-333-<)3*=)1)4)+.*.320)&-0'()1/'/+) -&,:0'5)2/&12+>/01/'-;)&9).-33*4-'(+)5+,'2+),/.),.2&'3)+2&-200, E)&/+1.)')89)+'/+)0,2.)0.-,-1-.'-20+)&&2.-'),4-'(.(05)&-0'() 8+-0))0:-+208)0'&/++2/0,-05>/01/'-0,;'()+)12+);(:)-893-.'-20& , &)./+-'*67():)+5)')89)+'/+)0,.-,-1-.'-2021'()/99)+3*)+&21'()2.)0(:) +-&)0-0.32&).2++)3'-204-'(-0.+)& )0'+'-20&21VLG-0'()'82&9()+)67(-& '+)0,-&9+2T).'),'2.20'-0/)-0'()1/'/+)D>))3*)'36;G##YIe2)5(BP/3,=)+5^Q+/02; G#"#H6M8205'()82&'9+212/0,-893-.'-20&21'()&).(05)&+)'()-+-89.'&20 "GS
134 (=-''B &9).-)&&/.(&.2+3&6V2+3+))1&12+8(=-''&12+'(2/&0,&212'()+ &9).-)&6M&+)&/3'21-0.+)&-05')89)+'/+)&;.2+3=3).(-050,82+'3-'*4-33+),/.) '()+-.(0)&&0,,)0&-'* ))11-&()&0,2'()+2+50-&8&67()&)8+-0) ).2&*&')8&+).+-'-.3&2/+.)21122,12+'()>/01/'-.288/0-'*0,,-&+/9'-20&'2'(-& ).2&*&')842/3,=),)'+-8)0'3'2122,&)./+-'*67().2+3+))1).2&*&')8&&/++2/0,-05 '(),).3-0)-0'(-&).2&*&')8?&()3'(;'(),).3-0)-&3-<)3*,/)'2.28=-0' =3).(-05;+),/.), '-20;-0.+)&-05-09/'&21&),-8)0'&0,0/'+-)0'&;9233/'-20; L.'2=)+"R;G#"GIe2)5(BP/3,=)+5^Q+/02;G#"#H6 >/+'()+82+);03*&-&21./++)0':/30)+=-3-'*'2.3-8').(05)-0,-.')&'('82&' 21'()&2.-3;) ;0,./3'/+3.20,-'-20&D)6562:)+.+24,-05;(-5(.2&'213-:-05;1)4 1/'/+)6E-0.)80*21'()&).(+.')+-&'-.&+)&-8-3+'2'(2&)'('.20&'+-0'().288/0-'*?&,9'-:).9.-'*;-'-&+)&20=3)'29+),-.''('>/01/'-?&,9'-:).9.-'* '-0/)'2=)3-8-'),-0'()1/'/+)6K2'4-'(&'0,-05'()&).20&'+-0'&'2,9''-20; '()+)-&92')0'-312+)0(0.-05,9'-:).9.-'*-0'()1/'/+)=*9/+&-05'() 2992+'/0-'-)&12+,9''-20-0>/01/'-6a)+(9&20)21'()82&'9+28-&-0582,)&21 )0(0.-05,9'-:).9.-'*-0>/01/'--&'()9/+&/-'21,9'-:)&'+')5-)&'('/'-3-`)'().(+.')+-&'-.&'('(:)(-&'2+-.33*8,)7/:3/0&+)&-3-)0'-0'()1.))0:-+208)0'3,:)+&-'*67()&)-0.3/,)'()-+,))93*-05+-0),&)0&)21.288/0-'*0,'+,-'-203 <0243),5)0,.'-:-'-)&6 "GR
135 7/:3/4-333-<)3*.20'-0/)'2+).)-:)'()'')0' ')+0'-203,202+&-0'() 82&'3-<)3*'2)11).'-:)3*)0(0.),9'-:).9.-'*-0>/01/'--1'()*+)8-0,1/321'() M''()&8)'-8);-'-&-892+'0'12+3),)+&-0'()>/01/'-.288/0-'*'29+282').288/0-'*B,+-:)0,9''-20-0-'-'-:)&6V288/0-'*B,+-:)0-0-'-'-:)&(:)5+)',)3 8-5('=)'()9+282'-2021'+,-'-203,9'-:).'-:-'-)&;&/.(&+)&2/+.).20&)+:' ,&'2+-05').(0-c/)&'('(:)=))0=0,20),-0+)&920&)'2'()82,)+0-`'-2021 >/01/'-6 "G$
136 7(-&.(9')+&/88+-`)&'()8-08)&&5)&21'(-&+)&)+.(0,(-5(3-5('& &.(23+3*0,9+.'-.3.20'+-=/'-20&21'(-&42+<67().(9')+-&,-:-,),-0'212/+ &/55)&'-0592&&-=-3-'-)&12+1/'/+)+)&)+.(2992+'/0-'-)&6 L"$+-HH'*/24M)/ ()8-08)&&5)&21'(-&+)&)+.(.0=)&/88+-`),&123324&C $" AI),267.(.263'44),(.685.N)3'675.N)5.I '4-(.'*);(I)),262H.,,.*,-H3('6,)3O(I)6'(-*)24(I)42273/3()HO4*)3IP'()*.63),-*.(/O 2N)*,*2P7.68O(I)6'(-*)24A-N'5-'6,-5(-*)'67,-5(-*'5,I'68)O)Q(*)H)3)' 5)N)53O,2'3('5)*23.26O3(*268P.673'67,/,526)3O()HJ)*'(-*)O-6J*)7.,('G5) P)'(I)*O'67,.8-'()*'4.3IJ " 7()+)&/3'&21'(-&&'/,*,)820&'+')'('.3-8').(05)-&=/'20)&'+)&&2+ :+-)'*21.3-8'-..20,-'-20&;'()&)+)02''()82&'9)+'-0)0'.20,-'-20&11).'-053-:)&-0 '().288/0-'*'9+)&)0'6Z()0&<),-00/09+289'),800)+=2/''().20,-'-20& 11).'-05'()-+3-:)&;9)293)-0>/01/'-')0,),'2+)&920,1-+&'=*+)1)++-05'2'()&8) &/-')21-0')+.200).'),&2.-2B) ,./3'/+3.20,-'-20&D-6)62:)+.+24,-05;'() ) /8&'0.)&;'()122,&*&')8;0,'()./3'/+312+.)&0,.(05)&H6Z()0 +)&920,)0'&+)1)++),'2.3-8'-..20,-'-20&'('11).'),'()-+3-1)2+3-:)3-(22,;-'4& ):-,)0''(':/30)+=-3-'*'2.3-8'-..(05)4&42:)0-0'2'()1=+-.21'()/0,)+3*-05./3'/+3;0,&2.-2B) ,-'-20&;&/.('('-'4&)&&)0'-3'2/0,)+&'0,'(-& "GO
137 >/01/'-6 7()+)&/3'&21'(-&&'/,*+)-012+.)'(2&)212'()+9+2T).'&'('(:)=))0.20,/.'), '(-&&'/,*(&;'('929/3' '(0,'()'+0&-'-20'2.&().2028*+)<)*,+-:)+& 21&'+)&&-0a.-1-.U&30,.288/0-'-)&D>`)*)*36;G#""IX))0=)+5)'36;G##WH6U0,,-'-20;42+<-0_-+-='-(&-0,-.'),'('./3'/+);)&9).-33*+)3-5-20;93*&<)*+23)-0.288/0-'*:/30)+=-3-'*;4(-.(-&8-++2+),-0'(-&&'/,*D_/+/99/;G##YH6 0" AI),2HH-6.(/249-6'4-(..3N-56)*'G5)(2,5.H'(),I'68)*.3R3'332,.'()7P.(I P'()*3),-*.(/O '67' O' ),-*.(/" 1322,-05;0,122,&)./+-'*6Z(-3)'()&)'(+)).28920)0'&213-:)&0,3-:)3-(22,&+) -89.'),=*.3-8'-.1.'2+&;'()-+:/30)+=-3-'*-&3&2.32&)3*3-0<),4-'(020B.3-8'-. '(-&+)&)+.(.'/33*-,)0'-1-)&4()+)0,(24,-11)+)0'&'+)&&2+&-0')+.'-0a "GW
138 '().200).'),0)&& )&;0,.+2&&&.3)&;=*,)820&'+'-05'(':/30)+=-3-'*'2.3-8').(05)-0>/01/'--&&8/.(1/0.'-20212:)+.+24,-05;/+=0-`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g)+*3-''3) ,-&9+2,/.),2+&(+),4-'(-0'() >/01/'-122,&*&')86 7(',9''-20&'2.3-8')B+)3'),&'+)&&2+&')0,'2=)+).'-:);0,):)0'B,+-:)0 -&1)'/+)21,9''-204-,)3*2=&)+:),-0'()a.-1-.U&30,&+)5-20DQ+-,5)&^ d.v3'.()*;g##yin'^k/00;g#"gix))0=)+5)'36;g##wh6z(-3)/0,)+&'0,=3); "GY
139 1+)c/)0'3*6M,,-'-2033*;2'()+42+<-0'()a.-1-.U&30,&(&-0,-.'),'('+)3-0.)20 DG##WH0,g)-'*<-DG##YH,)&.+-=)'()-0.+)&-05+)3-0.)2012+)-50-,-0'()a.-1-. U&30,&+)5-20;0,-0,-.')'('-,(&(,,-11)+)0')11).'&20,9'-:).9.-'*-0a /0-'-)&6 M,9''-20-0>/01/'-3&22../+&.+2&&-0')+.'-05&.3)&'('-0.3/,)-0,-:-,/3&; (2/&)(23,&;.288/0-'-)&;'()0'-20352:)+08)0';0,-0')+0' `'-20&6>2+ 7/:3/0,,-&'+-=/'),'2(2/&)(23,&93*.+-'-.3+23)-0,9''-20'24')+&(2+'5)I )c/33*-892+'0'-04')+&(2+'5),9''-20;+)'()+).'-:);&(2+'b')+8=)(:-2/+.(05)&'<)0=*-0,-:-,/3&0,(2/&)(23,&;4(-.(,)9)0,/920(2/&)(23,&'2+)&21 4')+-0'0<&6 Z(-3)'(-&+)&)+.(12./&)& *20,9'-:)&'+')5-)&)8932*),=* -0,-:-,/3&0,(2/&)(23,&;2'()+42+<-0'()a.-1-.(&03*`),'()4*&-04(-.( _/+/99/DG##YH12/0,'('-0_-+-='-;+) *&& '+23)-0,9''-20; )&9).-33*&924)+&'+/.'/+)&4-'(-0'().(/+.(,)3-8-'=)0)1-'&'2'()-0,-:-,/3; 9+):)0'-059)293)1+28.'-05-0,)9)0,)0'3*'2.(-):)9)+&2034)33B=)-056Z(-3)-'4& 2/'&-,)'()&.29)21'(-&+)&)+.('203*`)'()=+2,)+924)+&'+/.'/+)&4-'(-04(-.(,9''-202../+&-0>/01/'-;'(-&42+<&/992+'&'()1-0,-05&21_/+/99/DG##YH0, "F#
140 :" T'**.)*3(2'7'J('( '4-(..6,5-7);3H'556)33'67.325'(.26OI.8I,23(24 5.N.68'674)PU2G3O2N)*,*2P7.68O7262*,-5(-*)O'67*) ,26N.,(.263"?.73 (2'7'J('( '4-(..6,5-7);*'7.2,2HH-6.,'(.26O32,.'5,'J.('5O'67 (*'7.(.26'5R62P5)78)'67',(.N.(.)3" &)0&-'-:-'-)&-0>/01/'-;3&2.'&=++-)+&0,-,&'2,9''-206l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