Development of measurement technique to evaluate thermal conductivity of thermoelectric Bi 2 Te 3 submicron thin films by photothermal radiometry

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Development of measurement technique to evaluate thermal conductivity of thermoelectric Bi 2 Te 3 submicron thin films by photothermal radiometry"

Transcription

1 Development of measurement technique to evaluate thermal conductivity of thermoelectric Bi Te 3 submicron thin films by photothermal radiometry H Jitsukawa 1 and Y Nagasaka 1 School of Integrated Design Engineering, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 3-85, Japan, hitomi@naga.sd.keio.ac.jp Department of System Design Engineering, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 3-85, Japan, nagasaka@sd.keio.ac.jp

2 ABSTRACT The photothermal radiometry, a contact-free and non-destructive measuring technique is possible to simultaneously obtain the thermal conductivity and the thermal diffusivity of samples. We have developed a new apparatus to enhance the modulation frequency of the heating laser up to 100 khz to measure the thermal conductivity and the thermal diffusivity of thermoelectric submicron thin films. A Bi Te 3 bulk sample and Bi Te 3 thin films produced with the aid of RF magnetron sputtering on Al O 3 substrates were measured with the present apparatus. The measured frequency vs. phase-lag data showed high reproducibility within ± 3 in the entire frequency range, and the thermal conductivity and the thermal diffusivity of the film were extracted by solving the inverse problem. We found that the thermal conductivity of these thin films µm thickness are less than half that of the corresponding Bi Te 3 bulk value of 1.7W/m/K at the minimum. Additionally, the orientations of the films were investigated by X-ray diffraction, and the relationship between the thermal conductivity and the orientation of the film was considered. The thermal conductivity of a poly crystalline film was lower value than that of a highly crystalline film. KEY WORDS: Bi Te 3 ; Peltier cooling device; photothermal radiometry; thermal conductivity; thermal diffusivity; thermoelectric material; thin film. 1

3 1. INTRODUCTION A Peltier cooling system has several beneficial characteristics such as portability, high reliability, temperature controllability and low maintenance, etc. Recently, the thin film Peltier cooling device has been especially expected as a breakthrough to cool the micro-device which generates heat [1, ]. The performance of the Peltier cooling device is quantified by the figure of merit Z Z = α σ λ (1) e where α is the Seebeck coefficient, σ e, the electrical conductivity, and λ, the thermal conductivity. The properties of thermoelectric material used for the Peltier device directly affect the cooling efficiency of the device. Therefore, it is desirable to control the thermophysical properties of the thermoelectric material. However, it is difficult to produce a film which has the desirable properties, because the thermophysical properties of thin films vary in the course of film production process, their micro-structure and thickness of the film. Briefly, in case the thin films are used for devices, it becomes more important to evaluate the properties of the films. In the present study, we have developed a new apparatus of the photothermal radiometry (PTR) which is able to modulate the measurement frequency up to 100 khz to measure the thermal conductivity and the thermal diffusivity of thermoelectric submicron thin films. This method was previously applied to measure a bulk sample such as the

4 functionally graded materials (FGMs) [3]. We newly focused attention on measurement at the high modulation frequency range and applied this method to evaluate the thermal conductivity of the thermoelectric thin films. In the present study, we will describe measurement results of the thin films made from Bi Te 3.. THE PRINCIPLE OF MEASUREMENT Fig. 1 shows schematically the principle of photothermal radiometry based on a two-layered model (layer 1 and layer mean a film and a substrate, respectively). When a sample is heated by an amplitude-modulated laser beam, the periodic temperature variation caused by heating through absorption generates thermal radiation from the surface of the sample. The temperature wave occurs within the region film thickness is smaller than the thermal diffusion length µ which represents the length where the initial magnitude of the temperature wave is reduced by a 1/e factor. The thermal diffusion length µ expressed as Eq. () µ = a πf () where a is the thermal diffusivity and f, the modulation frequency. By an interference of this temperature wave, the photothermal signals (amplitude and phase-lag) contain information of (i) the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of each layer, (ii) the absorption coefficient and (iii) the thickness of each layer. Therefore, if we measure the photothermal signals as a function of the modulation frequency of the incident laser and 3

5 0 -l 1 -l 1 -l Fig. 1 Principle of the photothermal radiometry. employ an appropriate data analysis, it is possible to extract the thermal conductivity and the thermal diffusivity of the sample in depth direction. In addition, if we measure at an appropriate frequency range, it is possible to evaluate the thermal conductivity and the thermal diffusivity of a thin film and a multi-layered sample. For example, as the modulated frequency becomes higher, the thermal diffusion length µ becomes shorter. Therefore, the photothermal signals at the higher frequency range contain the information of the thermal conductivity and the thermal diffusivity of the thinner film. Theoretical description of this method is exactly the same as that of photoacoustic method [, 3] except for the detection of AC temperature. We developed the two-layered model based on RG theory [4] in order to measure the thermal conductivity and the thermal diffusivity of thin films. The detailed description of the theory has been written in Ref. [3], here only the main equations and the final result will be described. 4

6 There are some assumptions in the theory, as follows. Heat conduction is one dimensional within the gas, layer 1, layer and backing. The entire absorbed laser light is instantaneously converted into thermal energy. In addition, it is possible to assume the layer 1 is opaque, since the absorption length of layer1 is significantly short in comparison with thickness of layer 1. Consequently, the heat conduction equations for two-layered model is expressed by Φ g 1 = x a g Φ t g [x 0] (3) Φ1 1 Φ1 = x a t Φ 1 Φ = x a t 1 β1i o λ 1 (1 + cosωt) exp( β x) 1 [-l 1 x 0] (4) [-l 1 -l x -l 1 ] (5) Φ b 1 = x a b Φ t b [x -l 1 -l ] (6) where Φ is the complex temperature, β, the absorption coefficient, l, the thickness and Io, intensity of heating laser. The subscripts g, 1, and b denote the gas, layer 1, layer and backing, respectively. By solving the heat conduction equations with respect to the AC temperature variation on the basis of appropriate boundary conditions, the amplitude of the complex temperature θ at the sample surface x = 0 can be obtained. The amplitude of complex temperature for two-layered model θ is given by β1i 0 ( B + 1)( γ 1)exp( σ1l1 ) ( B 1)( γ + 1)exp( σ 1l1 ) + ( B γ )exp( β1l1 ) θ = (7) λ ( β σ ) ( B + 1)( g + 1)exp( σ l ) ( B 1)( g 1)exp( σ l ) B b N + b M 1 1b = b1 (8) b1m + b1 b N 5

7 M σ = exp( σ l ) + exp( l ) (9) N σ = exp( σ l ) exp( l ) (10) here layer, σ = ( 1+ j) k denotes the complex wavenumber of the temperature wave in the i-th i i k i = 1 µ is the wavenumber in the i-th layer, γ i i = β i σ i, b mn = en e, g = e m g ei, ei 1 = ( λi ρ ici ), the thermal effusivity of the i-th layer, ρ ι, the density of the i-th layer and c i, the specific heat capacity of the i-th layer. The phase-lag of photothermal signals φ is given by Eq. (11). For two-layered model, the photothermal signals depend on four parameters including the thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and thickness of each layer. 1 Im( ) = θ φ tan = F( f : k1l1 f, k l f, b1, bb ) (11) Re( θ ) 3. EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS As mentioned above, the photothermal radiometry is possible to evaluate the thermal conductivity and the thermal diffusivity of thin films by measuring the phase-lag data at the higher modulation frequency range. Fig. shows the theoretical curve of frequency vs. phase-lag Bi Te 3 thin films on Al O 3 substrates. As shown in Fig., a theoretical curve of a 1µm thin film shifts to the range of high modulation frequency in comparison with a 100µm thin film. Therefore, we have developed an apparatus which can modulate the heating frequency up to 100 khz and it became 6

8 Phase lag, degree Theoretical value using λ =1.8 W/m/K [6] a = 0.71 mm /s[7] µ m 1 µ m Frequency, Hz Fig. Theoretical calculation of the effect of the Bi Te 3 thin film thickness on the phase-lag. possible to evaluate the thermal conductivity and the thermal diffusivity of submicron thin films. The present experimental setup is schematically illustrated in Fig. 3. The heating light source is a 1.W laser diode (SDL-370-P, wavelength 790nm), whose output is coupled to the fiber-optic cable ended with micro lens. The maximum laser power at fiber tip is 800mW. The laser output is modulated by a function generator (HP8116A) operating from 1mHz to 1MHz. The infrared radiation emitted from a sample surface Fig. 3 Experimental apparatus. 7

9 is collected and focused onto a detector using two ZnSe lenses through an IR filter. The detector is a liquid-nitrogen-cooled HgCdTe (EG&G Judson J15D14-M04-S01M-60) with an active area of 1mm and spectrally sensitive range of -6µm. The photothermal signal amplified by a pre-amplifier before being sent to a lock-in amplifier (EG&G Instruments 765). The diameter of the heating laser has an adequate size to keep one-dimensional theory in the measurement of a sample. When the phase-lag data of a thin film is measured from the low frequency 1Hz to the high frequency 100 khz, the data contain the thermophysical properties of a thin film, a substrate and a backing. Therefore it is possible to obtain frequency vs. phase-lag data which based on the two layered model and the thermal conductivity and the thermal diffusivity of the thin film by the inverse problem analysis. 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.1. Measurement of a Bi Te 3 Bulk Sample In order to check the reliability of the present technique, we firstly measured an N-type sintered Bi Te 3 bulk sample (700µm thickness), employed as the target material of thin films. An acrylic resin plate was employed as a backing substance. Fig. 4 shows the frequency dependence of phase-lag for the Bi Te 3 bulk sample. The measurements have been performed three times and the reproducibility of phase lag was 8

10 Phase lag, degree fitting curve 1st run nd run 3rd run Frequency, Hz Fig. 4 Frequency vs. phase-lag data of Bi Te 3 bulk sample. within ±. We can obtain the thermal conductivity and the thermal diffusivity of the sample by solving the inverse problem analysis with the frequency vs. phase-lag data and drawing a fitting curve. Consequently, the thermal conductivity and the thermal diffusivity of the Bi Te 3 bulk sample were evaluated 1.7W/m/K and 1.4 mm /s, respectively. The reproducibility of the values was within ± 10%. This measurement result of the thermal conductivity agreed well with the corresponding bulk value of the cited reference [6, 8]. 4.. Application to Measurement of the Submicron Thin Films The developed apparatus was applied to evaluate the thermal conductivity of Bi Te 3 thin films. All the films were made by RF magnetron sputtering on Al O 3 substrates. The characteristic features of the Bi Te 3 thin films are listed in Table Ⅰ. The Bi Te 3 crystals possess hexagonal structure as shown in Fig. 5, it is composed of atomic layers stacked along the c axis. The orientation of the films was investigated 9

11 Table Ⅰ Characteristic features of the Bi Te 3 thin films. Sample No. Orientation Substrate Thickness [µm] c axis dominant c Al O 3 (c plane) axis poly crystal 6 Al O 3 (a plane) 0.8 Sample 1 (006) (0015) ensity, a. u. (003) Sample 5 substrate substrate (0018) Int (006) (015) (0015) (003) (010) (0018) Fig. 5 Crystal structure of Bi Te θ, degree Fig. 6 X-ray diffraction patterns of sample 1 (c axis oriented) and sample 5 (poly crystal). by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Fig. 6 shows the X-ray diffraction patterns of sample 1 and sample 5. The intense line of sample 1 indicates the (00n) plane which means the film oriented parallel to c axis. In contrast, the intense line of sample 5 indicates the (015) plane which means the film reveals poly crystalline nature. From these X-ray diffraction results, the orientation of all the films determined as c axis oriented, dominant c axis oriented or poly crystal. Fig. 7 shows the frequency dependence of phase-lag for sample 3 with 0.8µm thickness and the fitting curve which was drawn by solving the inverse problem analysis. The measured 10

12 frequency vs. phase-lag data had some inflection points and the fitting curve was similar to the result. Fig. 8 shows the thermal conductivities of the films obtained by the inverse problem analysis. We see from Fig. 8 that the thermal conductivities of all the films reduced in comparison with the corresponding Bi Te 3 bulk value. And the lowest thermal conductivity of the film indicates half as much as the corresponding Bi Te 3 bulk value. Moreover, since the thermal conductivity of poly crystalline film is lower than that of the highly crystalline film, it is obvious that the thermal conductivity of the film Phase lag, degree fitting curve 80 1st run nd run 3rd run Frequency, Hz Fig. 7 Frequency vs. phase-lag data for the Bi Te 3 thin film Sample 3. Thermal conductivity, W/m/K Bi Te 3 bulk value Sample No. Fig. 8 The thermal conductivity of the Bi Te 3 thin films. 11

13 strongly depends on its own orientation. It becomes clear to reduce the thermal conductivity of thinned Bi Te 3 material by the present measurements. Additionally, since the relationship between the thermal conductivity and the orientation of the film was obtained from the measurement results, we will be able to evaluate the orientation through the measurement of the thermal conductivity of a film. The present study leads to the conclusion that the photothermal radiometry is effective measurement technique to evaluate the thermal conductivity of thin films and to design the desirable thermoelectric thin films. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The work described in this paper has been supported in part by a Grant for Practical Application of University R&D Results under the Matching Fund Method from New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, and by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (No ). Prof. Y Yoshida of Nagoya University, K Sudo and N Nakazato of Hitachi Ltd. are gratefully acknowledged for the thin film preparation and valuable discussions. The authors thank M Nagashima who helped during the initial phases of measurement system design. 1

14 REFERENCES [1] G Min and D M Rowe, Solid-State Electronics, 43, 93, (1999). [] H Zou, D M Rowe and S G K Williams, Thin Solid Films, 408, 70, (00). [3] Y Nagasaka, T Sato and T Ushiku, Meas. Sci. Technol., 1, 081, (001). [4] A Rosencwaig and A Gersho, J. Appl. Phys., 47, 64, (1976). [5] M Akabori, Y Nagasaka and A Nagashima, Int. J. Thermophys., 13, 499, (199). [6] H J Goldsmid, Proc. Phys. Soc., B69, 03, (1956). [7] R Yamanaka, I Yamasaki, I Hatta, Y Mori and T Sasaki, Netsu Bussei, 14, No.1, 67, (000). [8] D Kusano and Y Hori, Yokosuka Res. Lab. Rep., W9905, 1, (000). 13

Noncontact measurement technique for wide range of viscosity of µl-order liquid sample

Noncontact measurement technique for wide range of viscosity of µl-order liquid sample Noncontact measurement technique for wide range of viscosity of µl-order liquid sample K. Yabui 1, and Y. Nagasaka 2, 3 1 School of Integrated Design Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Yokohama,

More information

Supplementary Figures

Supplementary Figures Supplementary Figures Supplementary Figure S1. The effect of window size. The phonon MFP spectrum of intrinsic c-si (T=300 K) is shown for 7-point, 13-point, and 19-point windows. Increasing the window

More information

Analysis of Thermal Diffusivity of Metals using Lock-in Thermography

Analysis of Thermal Diffusivity of Metals using Lock-in Thermography Analysis of Thermal Diffusivity of Metals using Lock-in Thermography by F. Wagner*, T. Malvisalo*, P. W. Nolte**, and S. Schweizer** * Department of Electrical Engineering, South Westphalia University

More information

Elastic Constants and Microstructure of Amorphous SiO 2 Thin Films Studied by Brillouin Oscillations

Elastic Constants and Microstructure of Amorphous SiO 2 Thin Films Studied by Brillouin Oscillations 1st International Symposium on Laser Ultrasonics: Science, Technology and Applications July 16-18 2008, Montreal, Canada Elastic Constants and Microstructure of Amorphous SiO 2 Thin Films Studied by Brillouin

More information

OPSE FINAL EXAM Fall 2016 YOU MUST SHOW YOUR WORK. ANSWERS THAT ARE NOT JUSTIFIED WILL BE GIVEN ZERO CREDIT.

OPSE FINAL EXAM Fall 2016 YOU MUST SHOW YOUR WORK. ANSWERS THAT ARE NOT JUSTIFIED WILL BE GIVEN ZERO CREDIT. CLOSED BOOK. Equation Sheet is provided. YOU MUST SHOW YOUR WORK. ANSWERS THAT ARE NOT JUSTIFIED WILL BE GIVEN ZERO CREDIT. ALL NUMERICAL ANSERS MUST HAVE UNITS INDICATED. (Except dimensionless units like

More information

Development of spectrally selective infrared emitter for thermophotovoltaic power generation

Development of spectrally selective infrared emitter for thermophotovoltaic power generation Development of spectrally selective infrared emitter for thermophotovoltaic power generation 波長選択機能を有する熱光起電力発電用赤外線源の開発 Motofumi Suzuki, Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University 1. Introduction

More information

M. Maliński M. Pawlak Ł. Chrobak S. Pal A. Ludwig

M. Maliński M. Pawlak Ł. Chrobak S. Pal A. Ludwig Appl. Phys. A (215) 118:19 114 DOI 1.17/s339-14-8859-4 Monitoring of amorfization of the oxygen implanted layers in silicon wafers using photothermal radiometry and modulated free carrier absorption methods

More information

Complex refractive-index measurement based on Fresnel s equations and the uses of heterodyne interferometry

Complex refractive-index measurement based on Fresnel s equations and the uses of heterodyne interferometry Complex refractive-index measurement based on Fresnel s equations and the uses of heterodyne interferometry Ming-Horng Chiu, Ju-Yi Lee, and Der-Chin Su The phase difference between s and p polarization

More information

Generalized theory of the photoacoustic effect in a multilayer material

Generalized theory of the photoacoustic effect in a multilayer material JOURAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS VOLUME 86, UMBER 7 1 OCTOBER 1999 Generalized theory of the photoacoustic effect in a multilayer material Hanping Hu, a) Xinwei Wang, and Xianfan Xu b) School of Mechanical Engineering,

More information

Nanosphere Lithography

Nanosphere Lithography Nanosphere Lithography Derec Ciafre 1, Lingyun Miao 2, and Keita Oka 1 1 Institute of Optics / 2 ECE Dept. University of Rochester Abstract Nanosphere Lithography is quickly emerging as an efficient, low

More information

Highly Efficient and Anomalous Charge Transfer in van der Waals Trilayer Semiconductors

Highly Efficient and Anomalous Charge Transfer in van der Waals Trilayer Semiconductors Highly Efficient and Anomalous Charge Transfer in van der Waals Trilayer Semiconductors Frank Ceballos 1, Ming-Gang Ju 2 Samuel D. Lane 1, Xiao Cheng Zeng 2 & Hui Zhao 1 1 Department of Physics and Astronomy,

More information

Uncertainty Qualification of Photothermal Radiometry Measurements Using Monte Carlo Simulation and Experimental Repeatability

Uncertainty Qualification of Photothermal Radiometry Measurements Using Monte Carlo Simulation and Experimental Repeatability Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 5-2014 Uncertainty Qualification of Photothermal Radiometry Measurements Using Monte Carlo Simulation and

More information

Physics 30: Chapter 5 Exam Wave Nature of Light

Physics 30: Chapter 5 Exam Wave Nature of Light Physics 30: Chapter 5 Exam Wave Nature of Light Name: Date: Mark: /33 Numeric Response. Place your answers to the numeric response questions, with units, in the blanks at the side of the page. (1 mark

More information

Homework Week 3: Nanoscale and macroscale characterization Thermoelectricity: From Atoms to Systems

Homework Week 3: Nanoscale and macroscale characterization Thermoelectricity: From Atoms to Systems Homework Week 3: Nanoscale and macroscale characterization Thermoelectricity: From Atoms to Systems Je-Hyeong Bahk and Ali Shakouri nanohub-u Fall 2013 Answer the thirteen questions including all the sub-questions

More information

Chemistry Instrumental Analysis Lecture 15. Chem 4631

Chemistry Instrumental Analysis Lecture 15. Chem 4631 Chemistry 4631 Instrumental Analysis Lecture 15 IR Instruments Types of Instrumentation Dispersive Spectrophotometers (gratings) Fourier transform spectrometers (interferometer) Single beam Double beam

More information

Optical Properties of Thin Semiconductor Films

Optical Properties of Thin Semiconductor Films Optical Properties of Thin Semiconductor Films Grolik Benno,KoppJoachim October, 31st 2003 1 Introduction Optical experiments provide a good way of examining the properties of semiconductors. Particulary

More information

OPSE FINAL EXAM Fall 2015 YOU MUST SHOW YOUR WORK. ANSWERS THAT ARE NOT JUSTIFIED WILL BE GIVEN ZERO CREDIT.

OPSE FINAL EXAM Fall 2015 YOU MUST SHOW YOUR WORK. ANSWERS THAT ARE NOT JUSTIFIED WILL BE GIVEN ZERO CREDIT. CLOSED BOOK. Equation Sheet is provided. YOU MUST SHOW YOUR WORK. ANSWERS THAT ARE NOT JUSTIFIED WILL BE GIVEN ZERO CREDIT. ALL NUMERICAL ANSERS MUST HAVE UNITS INDICATED. (Except dimensionless units like

More information

OBSERVATION OF SURFACE DISTRIBUTION OF PRODUCTS BY X-RAY FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY DURING D 2 GAS PERMEATION THROUGH PD COMPLEXES

OBSERVATION OF SURFACE DISTRIBUTION OF PRODUCTS BY X-RAY FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY DURING D 2 GAS PERMEATION THROUGH PD COMPLEXES Iwamura, Y., et al. Observation Of Surface Distribution Of Products By X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry During D2 Gas Permeation Through Pd Complexes. in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter

More information

INVESTIGATION ON THE ACCURACY OF THERMAL-WAVE INTEFEROMETRY IN THE THERMOPHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF COATINGS

INVESTIGATION ON THE ACCURACY OF THERMAL-WAVE INTEFEROMETRY IN THE THERMOPHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF COATINGS INVESTIGATION ON THE ACCURACY OF THERMAL-WAVE INTEFEROMETRY IN THE THERMOPHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF COATINGS A. Bendada 1, N. Baddour 2, A. Mandelis 2, and C. Moreau 1 1 National Research Council, Industrial

More information

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Nitride Heterostructures EMILY FINAN ADVISOR: DR. OANA MALIS PURDUE UNIVERSITY REU PROGRAM AUGUST 2, 2012

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Nitride Heterostructures EMILY FINAN ADVISOR: DR. OANA MALIS PURDUE UNIVERSITY REU PROGRAM AUGUST 2, 2012 Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Nitride Heterostructures EMILY FINAN ADVISOR: DR. OANA MALIS PURDUE UNIVERSITY REU PROGRAM AUGUST 2, 2012 Introduction Experimental Condensed Matter Research Study of large

More information

Supplementary Figures

Supplementary Figures Supplementary Figures Supplementary Figure. X-ray diffraction pattern of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 film. Strong reflections of the () family of planes is characteristics of the preferred orientation of the perovskite

More information

Study on a thermal diffusivity standard for the laser flash method measurements 1

Study on a thermal diffusivity standard for the laser flash method measurements 1 Study on a thermal diffusivity standard for the laser flash method measurements 1 M. Akoshima 2,3 and T. Baba 2 1 Paper presented at the Seventeenth European conference on Thermophysical Properties, September

More information

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a method used to obtain an infrared

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a method used to obtain an infrared Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: Low Density Polyethylene, High Density Polyethylene, Polypropylene and Polystyrene Eman Mousa Alhajji North Carolina State University Department of Materials Science

More information

Optical and Photonic Glasses. Lecture 30. Femtosecond Laser Irradiation and Acoustooptic. Professor Rui Almeida

Optical and Photonic Glasses. Lecture 30. Femtosecond Laser Irradiation and Acoustooptic. Professor Rui Almeida Optical and Photonic Glasses : Femtosecond Laser Irradiation and Acoustooptic Effects Professor Rui Almeida International Materials Institute For New Functionality in Glass Lehigh University Femto second

More information

Quality Factor Thickness (nm) Quality Factor Thickness (nm) Quality Factor 10

Quality Factor Thickness (nm) Quality Factor Thickness (nm) Quality Factor 10 Oxygen-Terminated Fluorine-Terminated Length = 24 mm Length = 2 mm Length = 1 mm Length = 12 mm Length = 8 mm 8 mm Width, K 12 mm Width, K 1 mm Width, K 8 mm Width, K 12 mm Width, K 1 mm Width, K Supplementary

More information

Design and Development of a Smartphone Based Visible Spectrophotometer for Analytical Applications

Design and Development of a Smartphone Based Visible Spectrophotometer for Analytical Applications Design and Development of a Smartphone Based Visible Spectrophotometer for Analytical Applications Bedanta Kr. Deka, D. Thakuria, H. Bora and S. Banerjee # Department of Physicis, B. Borooah College, Ulubari,

More information

On the possibilities of application of thermal wave methods for standardized measurement of thermal diffusivity

On the possibilities of application of thermal wave methods for standardized measurement of thermal diffusivity 13 TH Winter Workshop on PA & TWM, Wisła 008 On the possibilities of application of thermal wave methods for standardized measurement of thermal diffusivity Jerzy Bodzenta, Jacek Mazur *, Barbara Pustelny

More information

Introduction to Microeletromechanical Systems (MEMS) Lecture 9 Topics. MEMS Overview

Introduction to Microeletromechanical Systems (MEMS) Lecture 9 Topics. MEMS Overview Introduction to Microeletromechanical Systems (MEMS) Lecture 9 Topics MicroOptoElectroMechanical Systems (MOEMS) Grating Light Valves Corner Cube Reflector (CCR) MEMS Light Modulator Optical Switch Micromirrors

More information

EXPERIMENTAL MODELLING OF IR NONLINEAR PHOTOTHERMAL RADIOMETRY IN CARBON/EPOXY COMPOSITE MATERIALS

EXPERIMENTAL MODELLING OF IR NONLINEAR PHOTOTHERMAL RADIOMETRY IN CARBON/EPOXY COMPOSITE MATERIALS EXPERIMENTAL MODELLING OF IR NONLINEAR PHOTOTHERMAL RADIOMETRY IN CARBON/EPOXY COMPOSITE MATERIALS G.Kalogiannakis 1, S. Longuemart 2, J. Ravi 2, D. Van Hemelrijck 1 and C. Glorieux 2 1 Vrije Universiteit

More information

Quantum efficiency and metastable lifetime measurements in ruby ( Cr 3+ : Al2O3) via lock-in rate-window photothermal radiometry

Quantum efficiency and metastable lifetime measurements in ruby ( Cr 3+ : Al2O3) via lock-in rate-window photothermal radiometry Quantum efficiency and metastable lifetime measurements in ruby ( Cr 3+ : Al2O3) via lock-in rate-window photothermal radiometry A. Mandelis, Z. Chen, R. Bleiss To cite this version: A. Mandelis, Z. Chen,

More information

Observing the Doppler Absorption of Rubidium Using a Tunable Laser Diode System

Observing the Doppler Absorption of Rubidium Using a Tunable Laser Diode System Observing the Doppler Absorption of Rubidium Using a Tunable Laser Diode System Ryan Prenger 5/5/00 Final Submission Purdue University Physics Department Abstract Using a tunable laser diode, Doppler absorption

More information

Femtosecond laser microfabrication in. Prof. Dr. Cleber R. Mendonca

Femtosecond laser microfabrication in. Prof. Dr. Cleber R. Mendonca Femtosecond laser microfabrication in polymers Prof. Dr. Cleber R. Mendonca laser microfabrication focus laser beam on material s surface laser microfabrication laser microfabrication laser microfabrication

More information

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary Information: Photocurrent generation in semiconducting and metallic carbon nanotubes Maria Barkelid 1*, Val Zwiller 1 1 Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft,

More information

OPTI510R: Photonics. Khanh Kieu College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona Meinel building R.626

OPTI510R: Photonics. Khanh Kieu College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona Meinel building R.626 OPTI510R: Photonics Khanh Kieu College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona kkieu@optics.arizona.edu Meinel building R.626 Important announcements Homework #1 is due. Homework #2 is assigned, due

More information

Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 406, (1996).

Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 406, (1996). IMAGING OF SILICON CARRIER DYNAMICS WITH NEAR-FIELD SCANNING OPTICAL MICROSCOPY A.H. LA ROSA, B.I. YAKOBSON, and H.D. HALLEN Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695. ABSTRACT

More information

POLARIZATION OF LIGHT

POLARIZATION OF LIGHT POLARIZATION OF LIGHT OVERALL GOALS The Polarization of Light lab strongly emphasizes connecting mathematical formalism with measurable results. It is not your job to understand every aspect of the theory,

More information

Q. Shen 1,2) and T. Toyoda 1,2)

Q. Shen 1,2) and T. Toyoda 1,2) Photosensitization of nanostructured TiO 2 electrodes with CdSe quntum dots: effects of microstructure in substrates Q. Shen 1,2) and T. Toyoda 1,2) Department of Applied Physics and Chemistry 1), and

More information

Electronic Supplementary Information

Electronic Supplementary Information Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry C. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Electronic Supplementary Information Polymorphism and microcrystal shape

More information

Photothermal device for water dynamics measurement and thermophysical characterization: Application on textile samples

Photothermal device for water dynamics measurement and thermophysical characterization: Application on textile samples REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS VOLUME 73, NUMBER 3 MARCH 2002 Photothermal device for water dynamics measurement and thermophysical characterization: Application on textile samples T. Duvaut a) Laboratoire

More information

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY A PATH FOR HORIZING YOUR INNOVATIVE WORK SOIL NITROGEN DETECTION USING NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY SNEHA J. BANSOD Department

More information

Characterisation of vibrational modes of adsorbed species

Characterisation of vibrational modes of adsorbed species 17.7.5 Characterisation of vibrational modes of adsorbed species Infrared spectroscopy (IR) See Ch.10. Infrared vibrational spectra originate in transitions between discrete vibrational energy levels of

More information

Effect of Spiral Microwave Antenna Configuration on the Production of Nano-crystalline Film by Chemical Sputtering in ECR Plasma

Effect of Spiral Microwave Antenna Configuration on the Production of Nano-crystalline Film by Chemical Sputtering in ECR Plasma THE HARRIS SCIENCE REVIEW OF DOSHISHA UNIVERSITY, VOL. 56, No. 1 April 2015 Effect of Spiral Microwave Antenna Configuration on the Production of Nano-crystalline Film by Chemical Sputtering in ECR Plasma

More information

ECE 695 Numerical Simulations Lecture 35: Solar Hybrid Energy Conversion Systems. Prof. Peter Bermel April 12, 2017

ECE 695 Numerical Simulations Lecture 35: Solar Hybrid Energy Conversion Systems. Prof. Peter Bermel April 12, 2017 ECE 695 Numerical Simulations Lecture 35: Solar Hybrid Energy Conversion Systems Prof. Peter Bermel April 12, 2017 Ideal Selective Solar Absorber Efficiency Limits Ideal cut-off wavelength for a selective

More information

Simultaneous measurement of thermal diffusivity, heat capacity, and thermal conductivity by Fourier transform thermal analysis

Simultaneous measurement of thermal diffusivity, heat capacity, and thermal conductivity by Fourier transform thermal analysis High Temperatures ^ High Pressures, 2001, volume 33, pages 387 ^ 395 15 ECTP Proceedings pages 955 ^ 963 DOI:10.1068/htwu377 Simultaneous measurement of thermal diffusivity, heat capacity, and thermal

More information

Supplementary Information for. Vibrational Spectroscopy at Electrolyte Electrode Interfaces with Graphene Gratings

Supplementary Information for. Vibrational Spectroscopy at Electrolyte Electrode Interfaces with Graphene Gratings Supplementary Information for Vibrational Spectroscopy at Electrolyte Electrode Interfaces with Graphene Gratings Supplementary Figure 1. Simulated from pristine graphene gratings at different Fermi energy

More information

AS 101: Day Lab #2 Summer Spectroscopy

AS 101: Day Lab #2 Summer Spectroscopy Spectroscopy Goals To see light dispersed into its constituent colors To study how temperature, light intensity, and light color are related To see spectral lines from different elements in emission and

More information

Semiconductor Disk Laser on Microchannel Cooler

Semiconductor Disk Laser on Microchannel Cooler Semiconductor Disk Laser on Microchannel Cooler Eckart Gerster An optically pumped semiconductor disk laser with a double-band Bragg reflector mirror is presented. This mirror not only reflects the laser

More information

Measurement of novel micro bulk defects in semiconductive materials based on Mie scatter

Measurement of novel micro bulk defects in semiconductive materials based on Mie scatter Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics Vol. 45, April 2007, pp. 372-376 Measurement of novel micro bulk defects in semiconductive materials based on Mie scatter You Zheng, Li Yingpeng & Chen Jun Department

More information

AP5301/ Name the major parts of an optical microscope and state their functions.

AP5301/ Name the major parts of an optical microscope and state their functions. Review Problems on Optical Microscopy AP5301/8301-2015 1. Name the major parts of an optical microscope and state their functions. 2. Compare the focal lengths of two glass converging lenses, one with

More information

Supplementary Figures

Supplementary Figures Supplementary Figures Supplementary Figure S1. a, the cross-sectional and b, top view SEM images of a PC/SWNT bilayer (SWNT film thickness of ~ 1µm). S1 Supplementary Figure S2. The obtained SWNT film

More information

Scanning Near-Field Infrared Microscopy (SNFIM) LPC, Newport News, VA, January 17, Edward Gillman

Scanning Near-Field Infrared Microscopy (SNFIM) LPC, Newport News, VA, January 17, Edward Gillman Scanning Near-Field Infrared Microscopy (SNFIM) LPC, Newport News, VA, January 17, 00 Edward Gillman (gillman@jlab.org) Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscope (SNOM) The scanning near-field optical microscope

More information

Mid-IR Methods. Matti Hotokka

Mid-IR Methods. Matti Hotokka Mid-IR Methods Matti Hotokka Traditional methods KBr disk Liquid cell Gas cell Films, fibres, latexes Oil suspensions GC-IR PAS KBr Disk 1 mg sample, 200 mg KBr May be used for quantitative analysis Mix

More information

Evaluation of Second Order Nonlinearity in Periodically Poled

Evaluation of Second Order Nonlinearity in Periodically Poled ISSN 2186-6570 Evaluation of Second Order Nonlinearity in Periodically Poled KTiOPO 4 Crystal Using Boyd and Kleinman Theory Genta Masada Quantum ICT Research Institute, Tamagawa University 6-1-1 Tamagawa-gakuen,

More information

Supplementary Figure 1 Schematics of an optical pulse in a nonlinear medium. A Gaussian optical pulse propagates along z-axis in a nonlinear medium

Supplementary Figure 1 Schematics of an optical pulse in a nonlinear medium. A Gaussian optical pulse propagates along z-axis in a nonlinear medium Supplementary Figure 1 Schematics of an optical pulse in a nonlinear medium. A Gaussian optical pulse propagates along z-axis in a nonlinear medium with thickness L. Supplementary Figure Measurement of

More information

The Hydrogen Spectrum

The Hydrogen Spectrum 1 The Hydrogen Spectrum PHYS 1301 F98 Prof. T.E. Coan Last edit: 6 Aug 98 Introduction In last week's laboratory experiment on diffraction, you should have noticed that the light from the mercury discharge

More information

Resonantly Pumped Er:YAG and Er:YAP Lasers

Resonantly Pumped Er:YAG and Er:YAP Lasers Resonantly Pumped Er:YAG and Er:YAP Lasers Michal Němec a*, Helena Jelínková a, Jan Šulc a Karel Nejezchleb b, Václav Škoda b a Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering Czech Technical University

More information

arxiv: v1 [physics.ins-det] 6 Nov 2007

arxiv: v1 [physics.ins-det] 6 Nov 2007 arxiv:711.839v1 [physics.ins-det] 6 Nov 27 Conduction Effect of Thermal Radiation in a Metal Shield Pipe in a Cryostat for a Cryogenic Interferometric Gravitational Wave Detector Takayuki Tomaru A, Masao

More information

Efficient Generation of Second Harmonic Wave with Periodically. Poled MgO:LiNbO 3

Efficient Generation of Second Harmonic Wave with Periodically. Poled MgO:LiNbO 3 ISSN 2186-6570 Efficient Generation of Second Harmonic Wave with Periodically Poled MgO:LiNbO 3 Genta Masada Quantum ICT Research Institute, Tamagawa University 6-1-1 Tamagawa-gakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8610,

More information

Infrastructure of Thin Films Laboratory in Institute of Molecular Physics Polish Academy of Sciences

Infrastructure of Thin Films Laboratory in Institute of Molecular Physics Polish Academy of Sciences Infrastructure of Thin Films Laboratory in Institute of Molecular Physics Polish Academy of Sciences Outline Sample preparation Magnetron sputtering Ion-beam sputtering Pulsed laser deposition Electron-beam

More information

Reduced inspection time in active thermographic non-destructive testing of lowthermal-conductivity

Reduced inspection time in active thermographic non-destructive testing of lowthermal-conductivity 4 th Quantitative InfraRed Thermography Conference Reduced inspection time in active thermographic non-destructive testing of lowthermal-conductivity materials by M. Ishikawa*, M. Koyama**, H. Kasano***,

More information

Evaluation of kinetic-inductance nonlinearity in a singlecrystal NbTiN-based coplanar waveguide

Evaluation of kinetic-inductance nonlinearity in a singlecrystal NbTiN-based coplanar waveguide Proc. 14th Int. Conf. on Global Research and Education, Inter-Academia 2015 2016 The Japan Society of Applied Physics Evaluation of kinetic-inductance nonlinearity in a singlecrystal NbTiN-based coplanar

More information

Schemes to generate entangled photon pairs via spontaneous parametric down conversion

Schemes to generate entangled photon pairs via spontaneous parametric down conversion Schemes to generate entangled photon pairs via spontaneous parametric down conversion Atsushi Yabushita Department of Electrophysics National Chiao-Tung University? Outline Introduction Optical parametric

More information

Photo-Acoustic Measurement of Thermal Conductivity of Thin Films and Bulk Materials

Photo-Acoustic Measurement of Thermal Conductivity of Thin Films and Bulk Materials Xinwei Wang Hanping Hu 1 Xianfan Xu School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 Photo-Acoustic Measurement of Thermal Conductivity of Thin Films and Bulk Materials The

More information

Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES)

Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) 1. Introduction Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) Silvia Natividad, Gabriel Gonzalez and Arena Holguin Auger Electron Spectroscopy (Auger spectroscopy or AES) was developed in the late 1960's, deriving

More information

Non-Destructive Testing of Concrete Based on Analysis of Velocity Dispersion of Laser Ultrasonics

Non-Destructive Testing of Concrete Based on Analysis of Velocity Dispersion of Laser Ultrasonics ECNDT 26 - Poster 223 Non-Destructive Testing of Concrete Based on Analysis of Velocity Dispersion of Laser Ultrasonics Kenichiro TSUYUKI, Ryuta KATAMURA, Satoru MIURA, Kajima Technical Research Institute,

More information

On the Emissivity of Silver Coated Panels, Effect of Long Term Stability and Effect of Coating Thickness

On the Emissivity of Silver Coated Panels, Effect of Long Term Stability and Effect of Coating Thickness JET P(98)57 P A eladarakis W Obert On the Emissivity of Silver Coated Panels, Effect of Long Term Stability and Effect of Coating Thickness This document is intended for publication in the open literature.

More information

Effects of -Ray Irradiation on Colour and Fluorescence of Pearls

Effects of -Ray Irradiation on Colour and Fluorescence of Pearls Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 27 (2) (1988) 235-239 Effects of -Ray Irradiation on Colour and Fluorescence of Pearls Yasunori Matsuda and Tadaki Miyoshi 1 Pearl Research Laboratory, K. MIKIMOTO

More information

Numerical Analysis of Low-order Modes in Thermally Diffused Expanded Core (TEC) Fibers

Numerical Analysis of Low-order Modes in Thermally Diffused Expanded Core (TEC) Fibers Proceedings of the 4th WSEAS Int. Conference on Electromagnetics, Wireless and Optical Communications, Venice, Italy, November 2-22, 26 26 Numerical Analysis of Low-order Modes in Thermally Diffused Expanded

More information

Determination of Thermo Physical Parameters of C 60 Using Fourier Transform Infrared Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

Determination of Thermo Physical Parameters of C 60 Using Fourier Transform Infrared Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Egypt. J. Solids, Vol. (7), No. (), (004) 51 Determination of Thermo Physical Parameters of C 60 Using Fourier Transform Infrared Photoacoustic Spectroscopy S. Abdallah Department of Physics and Mathematics,

More information

Nonlinear Optics (NLO)

Nonlinear Optics (NLO) Nonlinear Optics (NLO) (Manual in Progress) Most of the experiments performed during this course are perfectly described by the principles of linear optics. This assumes that interacting optical beams

More information

Thermoelectric and electrical properties of Si-doped InSb thin films. University, Japan

Thermoelectric and electrical properties of Si-doped InSb thin films. University, Japan 10.1149/1.3109626 The Electrochemical Society Thermoelectric and electrical properties of Si-doped InSb thin films H. Nagata a and S. Yamaguchi a,b a Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information

More information

Modeling of the fringe shift in multiple beam interference for glass fibers

Modeling of the fringe shift in multiple beam interference for glass fibers PRAMANA c Indian Academy of Sciences Vol. 70, No. 4 journal of April 2008 physics pp. 643 648 Modeling of the fringe shift in multiple beam interference for glass fibers A M HAMED 1 Physics Department,

More information

Simplified Collector Performance Model

Simplified Collector Performance Model Simplified Collector Performance Model Prediction of the thermal output of various solar collectors: The quantity of thermal energy produced by any solar collector can be described by the energy balance

More information

Supporting Information

Supporting Information Supporting Information Devlin et al. 10.1073/pnas.1611740113 Optical Characterization We deposit blanket TiO films via ALD onto silicon substrates to prepare samples for spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE)

More information

EUV Reflectivity measurements on Acktar Sample Magic Black

EUV Reflectivity measurements on Acktar Sample Magic Black Report EUV Reflectivity measurements on Acktar Sample Magic Black S. Döring, Dr. K. Mann Laser-Laboratorium Göttingen e.v. October 28, 2011 Contents 1 Introduction 3 2 Setup 3 3 Measurements 4 4 Conclusion

More information

(i) Show that the energy of a single photon is about 3 x J.

(i) Show that the energy of a single photon is about 3 x J. 1(a) A helium-neon laser emits red light of wavelength 6.3 x 10 7 m. (i) Show that the energy of a single photon is about 3 x 10 19 J. [2] The power of the laser beam is 1.0 mw. Show that about 3 x 10

More information

Supplementary Figure 1: Experimental measurement of polarization-dependent absorption properties in all-fibre graphene devices. a.

Supplementary Figure 1: Experimental measurement of polarization-dependent absorption properties in all-fibre graphene devices. a. Supplementary Figure 1: Experimental measurement of polarization-dependent absorption properties in all-fibre graphene devices. a. Schematic of experimental set-up including an amplified spontaneous emission

More information

Dept. of Physics, MIT Manipal 1

Dept. of Physics, MIT Manipal 1 Chapter 1: Optics 1. In the phenomenon of interference, there is A Annihilation of light energy B Addition of energy C Redistribution energy D Creation of energy 2. Interference fringes are obtained using

More information

Chemistry 524--Final Exam--Keiderling May 4, :30 -?? pm SES

Chemistry 524--Final Exam--Keiderling May 4, :30 -?? pm SES Chemistry 524--Final Exam--Keiderling May 4, 2011 3:30 -?? pm -- 4286 SES Please answer all questions in the answer book provided. Calculators, rulers, pens and pencils are permitted. No open books or

More information

Refractive Index Measurement by Gain- or Loss-Induced Resonance

Refractive Index Measurement by Gain- or Loss-Induced Resonance Refractive Index Measurement by Gain- or Loss-Induced Resonance 59 Refractive Index Measurement by Gain- or Loss-Induced Resonance Markus Miller Using a semiconductor optical resonator consisting of a

More information

HYPER-RAYLEIGH SCATTERING AND SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN SCATTERING STUDIES OF PLATINUM NANOPARTICLE SUSPENSIONS

HYPER-RAYLEIGH SCATTERING AND SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN SCATTERING STUDIES OF PLATINUM NANOPARTICLE SUSPENSIONS www.arpapress.com/volumes/vol19issue1/ijrras_19_1_06.pdf HYPER-RAYLEIGH SCATTERING AND SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN SCATTERING STUDIES OF PLATINUM NANOPARTICLE SUSPENSIONS M. Eslamifar Physics Department, BehbahanKhatamAl-Anbia

More information

2001 Spectrometers. Instrument Machinery. Movies from this presentation can be access at

2001 Spectrometers. Instrument Machinery. Movies from this presentation can be access at 2001 Spectrometers Instrument Machinery Movies from this presentation can be access at http://www.shsu.edu/~chm_tgc/sounds/sound.html Chp20: 1 Optical Instruments Instrument Components Components of various

More information

Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. ECE426F Optical Engineering. Final Exam. Dec. 17, 2003.

Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. ECE426F Optical Engineering. Final Exam. Dec. 17, 2003. Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering ECE426F Optical Engineering Final Exam Dec. 17, 2003 Exam Type: D (Close-book + one 2-sided aid sheet + a non-programmable calculator)

More information

Nanoscale Energy Conversion and Information Processing Devices - NanoNice - Photoacoustic response in mesoscopic systems

Nanoscale Energy Conversion and Information Processing Devices - NanoNice - Photoacoustic response in mesoscopic systems Nanoscale Energy Conversion and Information Processing Devices - NanoNice - Photoacoustic response in mesoscopic systems Photonics group W. Claeys, S. Dilhair, S. Grauby, JM. Rampnoux, L. Patino Lopez,

More information

Emission pattern control and polarized light emission through patterned graded-refractiveindex coatings on GaInN light-emitting diodes

Emission pattern control and polarized light emission through patterned graded-refractiveindex coatings on GaInN light-emitting diodes Emission pattern control and polarized light emission through patterned graded-refractiveindex coatings on GaInN light-emitting diodes Ming Ma, 1 Ahmed N. Noemaun, 2 Jaehee Cho, 2,* E. Fred Schubert, 2

More information

Optical Spectroscopy of Advanced Materials

Optical Spectroscopy of Advanced Materials Phys 590B Condensed Matter Physics: Experimental Methods Optical Spectroscopy of Advanced Materials Basic optics, nonlinear and ultrafast optics Jigang Wang Department of Physics, Iowa State University

More information

Recent improvement of the LHD Thomson scattering system

Recent improvement of the LHD Thomson scattering system Recent improvement of the LHD Thomson scattering system 1 National Institute for Fusion Science Oroshi 322-6, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan E-mail: yamadai@lhd.nifs.ac.jp H. Funaba, R. Yasuhara, K. Narihara,

More information

Revision checklist SP4 5. SP4 Waves. SP4a Describing waves. SP4b Wave speeds. SP4c Refraction

Revision checklist SP4 5. SP4 Waves. SP4a Describing waves. SP4b Wave speeds. SP4c Refraction SP4 Waves SP4a Describing waves Recall that waves transfer energy and information but do not transfer matter. Describe waves using the terms frequency, wavelength, amplitude, period and velocity. Describe

More information

Phase Sensitive Faraday Rotation in. and various Diamagnetic liquid Samples

Phase Sensitive Faraday Rotation in. and various Diamagnetic liquid Samples Phase Sensitive Faraday Rotation in TERBIUM GALLIUM GARNET crystal and various Diamagnetic liquid Samples Supervisor: Dr. Saadat Anwar Siddiqi Co-Supervisor: Dr. Muhammad Sabieh Anwar Presented by: Aysha

More information

Calibrating the Thermal Camera

Calibrating the Thermal Camera 1 of 5 4/19/2012 5:33 AM from photonics.com: 12/01/2009 http://www.photonics.com/article.aspx?aid=40679 Calibrating the Thermal Camera As thermal cameras gain ground in the commercial market, testing becomes

More information

Ruby crystals and the first laser A spectroscopy experiment

Ruby crystals and the first laser A spectroscopy experiment Introduction: In this experiment you will be studying a ruby crystal using spectroscopy. Ruby is made from sapphire (Al 2 O 3 ) which has been doped with chromium ions, Cr(3+). There are three sets of

More information

GRATING CLASSIFICATION

GRATING CLASSIFICATION GRATING CLASSIFICATION SURFACE-RELIEF GRATING TYPES GRATING CLASSIFICATION Transmission or Reflection Classification based on Regime DIFFRACTION BY GRATINGS Acousto-Optics Diffractive Optics Integrated

More information

laser with Q-switching for generation of terahertz radiation Multiline CO 2 Journal of Physics: Conference Series PAPER OPEN ACCESS

laser with Q-switching for generation of terahertz radiation Multiline CO 2 Journal of Physics: Conference Series PAPER OPEN ACCESS Journal of Physics: Conference Series PAPER OPEN ACCESS Multiline CO 2 laser with Q-switching for generation of terahertz radiation To cite this article: A A Ionin et al 2017 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 941 012004

More information

The near-infrared spectra and distribution of excited states of electrodeless discharge rubidium vapour lamps

The near-infrared spectra and distribution of excited states of electrodeless discharge rubidium vapour lamps The near-infrared spectra and distribution of excited states of electrodeless discharge rubidium vapour lamps Sun Qin-Qing( ) a)b), Miao Xin-Yu( ) a), Sheng Rong-Wu( ) c), and Chen Jing-Biao( ) a)b) a)

More information

Diffraction: spreading of waves around obstacles (EM waves, matter, or sound) Interference: the interaction of waves

Diffraction: spreading of waves around obstacles (EM waves, matter, or sound) Interference: the interaction of waves Diffraction & Interference Diffraction: spreading of waves around obstacles (EM waves, matter, or sound) Interference: the interaction of waves Diffraction in Nature What is Interference? The resultant

More information

Development of Soft X-rayX using Laser Compton Scattering

Development of Soft X-rayX using Laser Compton Scattering 26 th Advanced ICFA Beam Dynamics Workshop on Nanometre-Size Colliding Beams September 2-6, 2002 at Lausanne Development of Soft X-rayX Source using Laser Compton Scattering R. Kuroda*, S. Kashiwagi*,

More information

Temperature coefficient of refractive index of sapphire substrate at cryogenic temperature for interferometric gravitational wave detectors

Temperature coefficient of refractive index of sapphire substrate at cryogenic temperature for interferometric gravitational wave detectors Temperature coefficient of refractive index of sapphire substrate at cryogenic temperature for interferometric gravitational wave detectors T. Tomaru, T. Uchiyama, C. T. Taylor, S. Miyoki, M. Ohashi, K.

More information

Density Field Measurement by Digital Laser Speckle Photography

Density Field Measurement by Digital Laser Speckle Photography Density Field Measurement by Digital Laser Speckle Photography by M. Kawahashi and H. Hirahara Saitama University Department of Mechanical Engineering Shimo-Okubo 255, Urawa, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan ABSTRACT

More information

A tutorial on meta-materials and THz technology

A tutorial on meta-materials and THz technology p.1/49 A tutorial on meta-materials and THz technology Thomas Feurer thomas.feurer@iap.unibe.ch Institute of Applied Physics Sidlerstr. 5, 3012 Bern Switzerland p.2/49 Outline Meta-materials Super-lenses

More information

Applications of Micro-Area Analysis Used by JPS-9200 X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer

Applications of Micro-Area Analysis Used by JPS-9200 X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer Applications of Micro-Area Analysis Used by JPS-9200 X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer Yoshitoki Iijima Application & Research Center, JEOL Ltd. Introduction Recently, with advances in the development of

More information