ON THE USE OF A THEOREM BY V. VÂLCOVICI IN PLANAR MOTION DYNAMICS

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1 THE PUBLSHNG HOUSE PROEENGS OF THE ROMNN EMY, Series, OF THE ROMNN EMY Volume 6, Number 1/005, pp ON THE USE OF THEOREM BY V. VÂLOV N PLNR MOTON YNMS Victor BURU *, urel LEU * * epartment of Mechanics, University Politehnica of Bucharest Splaiul ndependentei, 313, sector 6, Bucharest, Romania orresponding author: Victor BURU, vburacu@yahoo.com theorem by V. Vâlcovici that generalizes Koenig s well known angular momentum theorem finds its use in planar motion dynamics. The reference point in this type of motion is the instant center. The advantage in choosing the instant center as the reference point in angular momentum theorems is that unknown constraint forces do not appear in the equations of motions. Key words: relative and absolute angular momentums, instant center, centrodes 1. NTROUTON onsider generally a deformable body S of mass m, occupying at moment t the three dimensional domain () t. We frequently use Koenig s angular momentum theorem K O mo V + K, (1) where K O stands for the angular momentum of the body about fixed point O, V for the velocity of centroid and K for its relative angular momentum about its center of mass ( ) K M vm dm, () () t ( ) v M being the relative velocity of point M with respect to. Koenig s theorem was generalized by V. Vâlcovici [1] by considering instead of an arbitrary point, not necesarily on the body, origin of a frame of reference with axes of constant directions in space: K O mo V + m V + K (3) where ( ) K M vm dm (4) () t ( ) is the relative angular momentum with respect to point ; v M has a similar significance as v ( ) M. The absolute angular momentum in is K M VM dm (5) () t Reccomended by Radu P.VONE, member of the Romanian cademy

2 Victor BURU, urel LEU Since where For KO K + O H, (6) H mv stands for the momentum of the body it follows from (3) and (4) that K m V + K (7) it results K K (8) V. Vâlcovici s relative angular momentum theorem with respect to point is " " m V + K M. (9) Here we identify M as the moment about point of all external forces acting on the body. Note that the absolute angular momentum theorem about the same point is written as " V H + K M. (9') For a rigid body of angular velocity ω and inertia tensor about point, J, we have #### ( ) #### V v, vm v + ω M, vm vm v ω M, #### K #### M ω M (10) d m J ω ( ). RELTVE NGULR MOMENTUM THEOREMS FOR PLNR MOTONS remarkable point in planar motions is the instant center. t is convenient to use the equation of relative angular momentum (9) about the instant center since in many planar motion problems reaction forces concur in this point. This circumstance is not general, but includes the important case of rolling without slipping over a fixed obstacle. However, care must be taken to distinguish as either a point on the space centrode or a point on the body centrode ( ) (fig. 1) since u being the velocity of on the space centrode. M ω M u, M ω M (11).1. Relative angular momentum theorem about, point on the space centrode ( nonmaterial point) Relative angular momentum about point is ( ) K M v dm M ( M ) [ ( ω M u )] J ω m u + m dm ω m u, (1) where J and J M dm represent the inertia moments of the rigid body with respect to axes perpendicular to the plane of motion in and. Equation (9) yields in this case

3 3 On the use of a theorem by V. Vâlcovici in planar motion dynamics m u" + + m " ω + mω d dt m u m u" M (13) Space centrode K u ω K () v M M Body centrode O (fixed) Fig.1 Flat plate in planar motion. t follows from the substitution of the first relation (11) into (13) that Finally we have u ω ω + m " mω d ω + dt M ω d dt (14). (15).. Relative angular momentum theorem about, point on the body centrode material point) ( For a point on a rigid body one can write ( M ) K M v dm M ω M dm J, ( ) [ ( )] ω (16) " K J ω " + ω ", (17) ( J ω) J ω where J is the inertia moment of the rigid with respect to an axis perpendicular to the plane of motion in. Make use of equation (9) replacing by : m a J m " + + ω M. (18) For the acceleration of point one can use the formula [4] n n ρ ρ a ω. (19) n n ρ ρ

4 Victor BURU, urel LEU 4 Here n, n, ρ, ρ stand for the unit vectors of the normals of the centrodes, respectively their curvature radiuses in. 3. EXMPLE We illustrate the use of the two relative angular momentum theorems given above with the example of an excentric roller of mass m, radius r and central moment of inertia J mk rolling without slipping on the inside of a cylindrical surface of radius R > r (fig. ) [3]. O e, ω ϕ", O r R ψ ϕ, θ ϕ, R r R r n n, ρ R, ρ r, Body centrode ψ rr a ϕ" n, R r err ω ϕ" a sin θ, R r ω e + r er cos θ, M mg. ω ( r sin ψ + e sin ϕ) ω θ a O G ϕ Space centrode R Fig. Excentric roller rolling without slipping on the inside of a cylindrical surface ny of the two equations (15) or (18) yields the following equation of motion err ", R r ( k + e + r er cos θ) ϕ " + ϕ" sin θ g( r sin ψ + e sin ϕ) which for small amplitudes is simplified to r + e [ ( ) ] ( R r) k + r e ϕ" g ϕ ". R r 4.1. The relative angular momentum about point is espite the fact that 4. REMRKS K + m ω. (0) is generally a function of time " K + ω " J m, (1)

5 5 On the use of a theorem by V. Vâlcovici in planar motion dynamics that is differentiation of K with respect to time is effective only on the angular velocity ω and not on the moment of inertia J J + m. The explanation resides in the fact that in the general case of formula (17) J is a constant, being a point of the rigid. On the contrary, when we refer to on the space centrode, differentiation of K with respect to time is complete since does not belong to the rigid. 4.. f relation (7) is written with respect to point we have K K. () For planar motions the equality of relative and absolute angular momentums with respect to the, point on the body centrode is valid not only in the centers of mass, but in the instant centers also The following relation is available from [] a ω. (3) u Substitution of (3) into (18) yields a slightly modified form for (18): + m " ω mω ( u ) M. (4) This equation is to be used mainly when the velocity of the instant center on the space centrode can be easily calculated f general formula (6) is written with respect to points and, that is K K + H (5) and since relations (7) and (8) will yield V V K K + m Relation (7) is the equivalent of relation (5) in terms of relative angular momentums. ifferentiation with respect to time of this relation gives (6) (7) " " K K + m. (8) Substitution of (8) into (9) yields m a " + K M. (9) Finally, for a planar motion the issue of distinguishing point being either on the space centrode or on the body centrode does not arise anymore if one replaces in equation (9) with : m a + J ω" M (30) Equation (30) represents a new form for the relative angular momentum theorems with respect to the instant center Equations (15) and (18) have both been obtained in [4] by other considerations. Together with equation (30) they are the main results of this paper.

6 Victor BURU, urel LEU 6 5. ONLUSONS This paper derives equations of planar motion by using a generalization of Koenig s angular momentum theorem. The reference point is the instant center. The advantage of using this point for relative angular momentum theorems is the elimination of the unknown reaction forces from the equations of motion. nstant center must be distinguished either on the space centrode or on the body centrode. Specific equations are derived in each case. However, the two forms are unified in equation (30) that makes no difference regarding the centrode to be considered. REFERENES 1 VÂLOV V., Sur le théorème des moments des quantities de mouvement, omptes rendus, Paris, tome 160, LOTNSK L. G., LURE.., Kurs teoreticeskoi mehaniki, tom pervîi, Moskva, LOTNSK L. G., LURE.., Kurs teoreticeskoi mehaniki, tom vtoroi, Moskva, BURU V., spects géometriques et cinématiques du théorème du moment cinétiques pour le solide rigide ayant un mouvement plan sur plan, Rev. Roum. Sci. Tech. Mec. pl., 37,, 199. Received ecember 0, 004