Electrostatics Level 1: Basic Charges
|
|
- Randolf Sims
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Electrostatics 2014 Level 1: Basic Charges The universe is made up of basic particles that combine and seperate to form all matter. These basic particles (as you learned in chemistry) consist of protons, electrons and neutrons. Electrons are small masses with a negative charge. Protons have a positive charge and a comparatively larger mass. Neutrons have the same mass as protons, but no charge. For the sake of this course, we will largely be dealing with protons and electrons. Neutrons are rarely mentioned. Charge on the Particles We measure charge in Coulombs (C). The smallest charge in the universe (that we will deal with in this class) is C. We call this the elementary charge, because the rest of the universe is built upon positive and negative multiples of this charge. The negative elementary charge is the electron, which a charge of C. The positive elementary charge is the proton with a charge of C. We symbolize an elementary charge with a lower case e. When we talk about charge, an electron, therefore, is e and a proton is +e. Most of the time, matter does not have any charge. This is because the protons and electrons perfectly cancel out. In some situations, however, an atom might gain or lose electrons. If an object lost some electrons, it has more protons than electrons, and therefore has a positive charge. If an electron has gained electrons, it has an overall negative charge. Notice we never discuss gaining or losing protons. Key Idea Objects only charge through the movement of electrons, not the movement of protons. A typical atom has the same number of protons and electrons, so it is effectively neutral. Sometimes an atom will have an unbalanced charge, however, because it lost or gained an electron in a chemical process. This is called ionization. An ion is just a term for any atom that has a charge- this could mean it has a slightly positive charge or a slightly negative charge. The most important thing you need to remember throughout this entire section is the Law of Conservation of Charge, which states charges cannot be created or destroyed. They can be exchanged, passed around, added and subtracted to objects, but overall, you can t destroy charge any more than you can destroy matter.
2 Practice Problem: Finding the Number of Charges Some materials, called conductors, allow charges to move around rather freely. Insulators are the opposite. If you stick a bunch of electrons on an insulator, it will keep them pretty much where you left them. Think of insulators as prisons, where you lock the charge in a particular cell. Think of conductors as pools of water, where the particles can swim away from each other (or toward each other) like fish. Opposite charges are attracted to one another. This means protons and electrons are drawn together. Similar charges are repelled by one another. Electrons will always try to move away from each other when given a chance, and the same thing happens with protons.
3 If you put a bunch of protons on a conducting sphere. In a fraction of a second they will move like this: Inside a Conductor Because the charges what to get as far away from each other as possible, they will always spread out along the outside of a conductor. This means that you will never have a charge inside on a conductor. It you put one there, it would immediately transfer to the outside. Pop survival quiz- you are in the middle of an Illinois field (very very flat) when a terrible lightning storm blows up. Where is the safest place to take shelter- under a very tall tree, in a nearby, quickly flowing stream, or a nearby chicken coop made of chicken wire? Let s explore what the best answer would be. Because the charges what to get as far away from each other as possible, they will always spread out along the outside of a conductor. This means that you will never have a charge inside on a conductor. It you put one there, it would immediately transfer to the outside. Key Idea There is never a net electric charge inside a conductor.
4 A Faraday Cage is a fancy name for a conductor that is hollow inside. If you place an object inside, it would essentially be the safe from any charge you would zap the outside with. The picture on the left is completely real. Many science museums have Faraday Cages like this one set up for shows. You should, of course, never ever try this on your own. A simple faraday cage can be created out of nearly any conductor. There is a growing market for fashionable Faraday Cages, as they will essentially make your phone unable to receive a signal. Supplemental: Fashionable Faraday Cages. Here is one example of people marketing this idea. Conduction There are a variety of ways to charge objects. The most common is conduction. Conduction (just like in thermodynamics) involves charging by touching. This is the type you loved as a kid, when you rubbed a balloon all over your head and pulled it away, watching your hair stick to the balloon. In this situation, you ripped electrons off your hair and transferred them to your balloon. Afterward, your (positively charged) hair was attracted to the (negatively charged) balloon. Induction Because particles in conductors move away from like charges (and move toward opposite charges) we can mess around with them a little. Imagine you have a metal sphere with positive and negative equally balanced on its surface. This sphere currently has a neutral charge (see the picture below on the left). Now, imagine that you brought a wand with a positive charge nearby (without touching it). What would happen? The protons can t move- they are stuck in place. But the electrons they are paired with can flow around in a conductor. If you bring a positively charged rod nearby, the electrons will be drawn to it. They will leave their protons and rush toward the wand.
5 This metal sphere now has one side positive and the other negative. The second you move the outside positive wand away, however, the positives and negatives would mix up again, and the sphere would go back to being neutral. This charging by separating charges (without touching) is called induction. What if we wanted that sphere to keep that charge? What if we wanted the object to permanently have more electrons than protons? To do that, we hook the sphere up to a ground. A ground is pretty much a wire that connects to the ground. The earth itself is a vast sea of positive and negative electrons. You can toss electrons into it, or draw electrons up out of it. When the wand is brought near, the electrons in the sphere rush toward the wand (like the previous scenario). Now, let s imagine we attach a ground to the sphere. Electrons can leave the earth and flow into the spherewhich they are drawn to do by the attraction of the positively charged wand. Once these electrons are up in the sphere, we disconnect the ground and move the wand away. The sphere has a (fairly) permanent negative charge. The same can be done to get the sphere to have a positive charge. In this case, we approach the sphere with a negative wand. The ground allows the electrons to run away from the negative charges on the wand (left). A quick note: object that have a positive charge on one end and a negative charge on the other (like the sphere when the wand was brought near) are polarized. Important: Before moving on to the video, make sure I have stopped by your table and shown you the electroscope.
6 Video Simulation: This video will help you visualize what is happening during a few complex electroscope demos. Make sure you watch it until you understand it. Level 2: Coulomb s Law We ve talked about the fact that opposites attract and likes repel. In this section, we ll learn how to calculate how to calculate the strength of that attraction. What if, for example, we had two charges hanging out in space, a certain distance apart? How much attraction/repulsion would they feel? That s right, folks. We ve finally made it to an equation. Coulomb s Law F = kq 1q 2 r 2 q Charge, measured in Coulombs r Distance between the charges, measured in meters k Another sweet constant. This one is 9 x 10 9 N m 2 /C 2 Example Problem from The Physics Classroom Suppose that two point charges, each with a charge of Coulomb are separated by a distance of 1.00 meter. Determine the magnitude of the electrical force of repulsion between them. Solution F elect = k Q 1 Q 2 / d 2 F elect = (9.0 x 10 9 N m 2 /C 2 ) (1.00 C) (1.00 C) / (1.00 m) 2 F elect = 9.0 x 10 9 N The equation above can only tell you the magnitude (the amount) of the force. It does not tell you the direction of the force (attraction or repulsion). When you calculate the force, you should always use the absolute value. You are going to need to keep track of whether it is repelling or attracting yourself using free body diagrams. Later on in this section, we will look at how to use trig and free body diagrams to keep track of more complex problems. For now, when you enter the charges into the equation, use their magnitudes (amounts, without the sign) and then ask yourself whether this would be a force of attraction or repulsion.
7 Example Problem Solution Superposition Of course, it couldn t be that easy. While you will sometimes encounter problems involving two objects attraction/repulsion from one another, you will much more often encounter problems like the one on the right. Forces (like the forces of electrostatic repulsion/attraction) are vectors, which means we need to take their direction into account when we are adding them together. Superposition is just a fancy way of saying adding vectors. Hold on to your hats, kids, because this section is going to take a little trig. Linear Superposition Before we dive into the trig, let s look at a problem where the particles are in a straight line. When you solve these, draw a free body diagram. Just a refresher, check out the free body diagrams below and make sure you are clear on where the net force came from. Now, try a problem involving Coulomb s Law. Remember to draw a free body diagram.
8 Example Problem Solution Supplemental: Watch Twu Solve Linear Superposition Problems This is not a required video, but if you are someone who likes to watch people solve problems, give this one a try. Superposition in 2D Before we move on, make sure you find the net force in the situation below. That wasn t too bad, huh? Okay, now let s add in some trig. Remember to draw a free body diagram and break the vectors down into x and y components. If you have trouble remembering how to add vectors from last year, call me over and I can help you review. This is going to require a blast from the physics past and quite a bit of trig. Trig Review Looking for a quick trig refresher? Just want to take a break and watch a trig-based rap? Here you go.
9 Review Problem DO NOT move on until you feel completely comfortable doing this. Remember that a net force includes a direction. a) Add the forces together and find the net horizontal force. b) Add the forces together and find the net vertical force. c) Find the net force including the direction. Solution Try this yourself before checking the solution below. First, break F 1 and F 3 down into their components (the parts of them that point in the x and y direction). I ve shown you how to do this with F 1 to help jog your memory F 1x = F 1 cos(55) F 1x = 7.3 cos(55) F 1x = 4.18 F 1y = 7.3 sin(55) = 5.98 When you ve done this for all the forces, add (and subtract) the forces to help you find the net force in the x and y directions. The work below shows this.
10 The forces in the x and y directions are therefore: Use Pythagorean to find the net force. You should get 11.3 N. But wait, there s more. You need to use trig to find the direction of the net force. Opposite over adjacent, son. If you did this right, you should get Example Problem The distance between the 2nC and 3nC charge is 5 cm. Using the diagram above, find: a) The total horizontal forces acting on the 4nC charge. b) The total vertical forces acting on the 4 nc charge. c) Find the net force on the 4nC charge.
11 Solutions
12 Example Problem Princeton Review
13 Solution Brace yourself, it is about to get real. Don t look at the solution to this one until you have tried it on your own. from Princeton Review Solution
14 Level 3: Electric Field Strength Electric field strength is not a particularly difficult concept, but it is very abstract. I ve taught this for years and I ve only found one way that (sometimes) clicks with students. You will have to bear with me, because it is a little weird. Electric Field Strength gives us an indication of how attractive (or repulsive) a charge would be if another particle was placed nearby. It does not tell us about the force of attraction between two particles. It tells about one particle s ability to attract or repel at a particle position.
15 Here is the analogy I ve used in the past which has helped some people. Imagine you are standing a particular distance away from an attractive person. I ve put both genders here, so pick. Imagine someone you think is pretty attractive. You are standing a set distance from this attractive person. If you were both electrostatic particles, Coulomb s Law would tell us how attracted you are to each other. We could calculate the force pulling you two crazy kids together (or pushing you apart, depending on your charge). But what if we took you out of the picture entirely? This person is still attractive right? In this analogy, Electric Field Strength would let us calculate how attractive that person is in general (not just to you). Person is attractive in general, not just to you Electric field strength isn t about the relationship between two particles- it describes the attractive/repulsive ability of a single particle at a particular distance away from it. It s about how that particle influences the space around it. The Test Particle How do we calculate exactly how attractive/repulsive a particle is? Use the equation below. Electric Field Strength E Electric field strength, measured in N/C q charge of the particle k same constant as before r distance from the charge. E = kq r 2 Let s try a basic electric field strength problem, plug n chug Practice Problem What is the electric field strength 2 cm away from a 4 µc charge?
16 Answer N/C. Don t forget to convert that 2cm into meters. What did we just calculate? We basically calculated the attractive/repulsive ability of the 4 µc charge 2 cm away. This tells us amount of force this object can exert per coulomb. That s what the answer N/C means. If we put a 1 C charge at this spot (2 cm away), it would feel a repulsive force of N. If we put a 2 C charge at this point, it would feel a repulsion of N. If we put a 3 C charge at this spot, it would feel a repulsion of N. In other words, the electric field strength gave us an indication of exactly how attractive/repulsive that 4 µc charge would be 2 cm away. What if we put a charge of 6 µc at a position of 2 cm away from the 4 µc charge? Is there a way we could use the electric field strength to calculate the force of repulsion between the two particles? Sure! Here it is: F = Eq E Electric Field Strength of a particle at a particular position q charge of a different particle F Force of attraction/repulsion between the particles Example Problem A +10µ C charge is placed in an electric field with a strength of 20, 000 N/C at the location of the charge. When released, how much electric force will act on the charge? Solution Once you know the electric field strength at a particular position, it is very easy to calculate the force that would act on particles that are put at that spot. Adding Electric Fields Electric fields can be added much the same way that electric force can be added. Both are vectors- which means you need to take their direction into account when you are adding them. The problem below demonstrates how this works. from Holt Physics Example Problem
17 Solution
18 Summary of What We ve Learned So Far Calculates a relationship between two charges F = kqq r 2 To convert E = F q Describes something about one charge E = kq r 2 Level 4: Visualizing Electric Fields Electric field strength is a vector, which means you need to take its direction into account (just like with forces). When we try visualize electrostatic forces, we often create free body diagrams. When we want to visualize electric field strength, we draw electric field lines. They look like this:
19 In this section, we are going to learn how to create and interpret electric field line diagrams. This might seem complicated, but it actually isn t. The Test Charge Let s image we have some large, random charge floating around in space. We want to figure to visualize what the electric field strength would be around the charge. How could we do this out? In physics, we get an idea of the electric field around it by seeing what happens to a test charge. A test charge is just a tiny hypothetical charge we will move around nearby to see how it would respond. The test charge itself won t actually be in the problem- it is just a tool we use to check for the electric field strength. Think of it as your electric field meter man, walking around the charge in question, testing out the electric field strength at various positions. A test charge is, by definition: Incredibly small and massless, so it won t influence the problem. Always positive. This is just a convention all physicists agreed to long ago, like deciding down was negative and up is positive. As you move the test charge around, ask yourself two questions: Which way is the electric field pushing the test charge? How hard is it pushing it (really hard, sorta hard, not that hard )? Electric field diagrams are qualitative (at least at this level) which means we don t care about numbers. We care about the general shape. Let s do this one together. On the picture below, draw an arrow showing the direction the electric field would push this charge. Use an arrow to show how strong the test charge would be.
20 If you did that right, it should look this this: Now, repeat that process for all the positions I have marked below. Remember, longer arrows mean greater electric field strength. Check with your group members to make sure they have something similar to you. You can see there is a general shape to the electric field above. The charge creates an electric force that pushes the test charge (which is positive) away. On the right, I show how we would draw the official electric field for this charge. Use this same logic to create the electric field diagram for a negative charge. Try to draw that below:
21 If you did it correctly, it would look like this: Now, all electric field lines are drawn as though they are attracting or repelling a positive test charge. What would happen if you were to put an electron in the electric field to the left? What would it do? What if you put an electron in the electric field to the left- what happens? Key Idea: Positive charges move in the direction of the field lines. Negative charges move against the field lines. As much as I m sure you d like to sit around drawing field lines for individual particles, I m sure you know what is coming. field lines for multiple particles. Before you move to the next page, try to draw the electric fields for the situations below. Imagine, again, what happens to test charges in order to figure this out.
22 If you did these correctly, they look this this: Interpreting Electric Field Lines In order to interpret electric field lines, it s important to know a few things about them. You may have already noticed some of these key features already. You will never have to memorize the list below, but taking time to learn them will make your life a lot easier (a lot like memorizing thermo processes made them a lot easier). Here are some basic rules for drawing/interpreting electric field lines: 1. Electric field lines do not cross. 2. Electric field lines come out of positive charges and go into negatives (think about the test charge). 3. The denser the lines, the greater the electric field strength. from Princeton Review
History. The word electricity comes from the Greek elektron which means amber. The amber effect is what we call static electricity.
Electrostatics 1 History The word electricity comes from the Greek elektron which means amber. The amber effect is what we call static electricity. 2 ELECTROSTATICS the study of electric charges, forces
More informationPhysics Notes Chapter 17 Electric Forces and Fields
Physics Notes Chapter 17 Electric Forces and Fields I. Basic rules and ideas related to electricity a. electricity is about charges or charged objects where they are and how they move electrostatics is
More informationELECTROSTATICS. the study of electric charges, forces and fields Static Electricity is Stationary Electricity or Accumulation of charge
Electrostatics 1 ELECTROSTATICS the study of electric charges, forces and fields Static Electricity is Stationary Electricity or Accumulation of charge Fundamental Rule Opposites attract, Likes Repel Things
More informationElectric Charge & Force - 1 v Goodman & Zavorotniy
Electric Charge and Force Introduction From ancient times it was known that when certain materials are rubbed together, they can form an attraction to one another. This is the same discovery that is made
More informationElectric Charge and Electric Forces
CHAPTER 19 Electricity LESSON 1 Electric Charge and Electric Forces What do you think? Read the two statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column
More informationPart I Electrostatics. 1: Charge and Coulomb s Law July 6, 2008
Part I Electrostatics 1: Charge and Coulomb s Law July 6, 2008 1.1 What is Electric Charge? 1.1.1 History Before 1600CE, very little was known about electric properties of materials, or anything to do
More informationElectrostatics Notes (614) Charge!
Electrostatics Notes (614) Charge! n Have you ever walked across the carpet and gotten shocked when you touched the doorknob? n What about static cling? Have you ever gotten to school only to be embarrassed
More informationElectric Charge and Force
CHAPTER 17 21 SECTION Electricity Electric Charge and Force KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: What are the different kinds of electric charge? How do materials become electrically
More informationSECTION 1: SHADE IN THE LETTER OF THE BEST ANSWER ON THE BUBBLE SHEET. (60%)
PHYSICS 3204 Unit 2 Test #1 NAME: SECTION 1: SHADE IN THE LETTER OF THE BEST ANSWER ON THE BUBBLE SHEET. (60%) 1 The elementary charge is the amount of charge on -?-. A) an atom B) a proton C) an electron
More informationPE q. F E = q. = kq 1q 2 d 2. Q = ne F e
Chapters 32 & 33: Electrostatics NAME: Text: Chapter 32 Chapter 33 Think and Explain: 1-6, 8 Think and Explain: 1, 4, 5, 8, 10 Think and Solve: Think and Solve: 1-2 Vocabulary: electric forces, charge,
More informationElectrostatics Notes (614) (teacher)
Electrostatics Notes (614) (teacher) Charge!!! Have you ever walked across the carpet and gotten shocked when you touched the doorknob? ! What about static cling? Have you ever gotten to school only to
More informationCharge. Electrostatics Notes (614) Review: Atomic Structure 3/10/14! Charge!! 3 Basic Particles make up Atoms:
Electrostatics Notes (614) Charge!! Review: Atomic Structure Sketch of Atomic Structure:! 3 Basic Particles make up Atoms: 1. 2. 3. Charge! Protons & Electrons have a property called Protons: electric
More informationTA guide Physics 208 Spring 2008 Lab 3 (E-1): Electrostatics
Name TA guide Physics 208 Spring 2008 Lab 3 (E-1): Electrostatics Section OBJECTIVE: To understand the electroscope as an example of forces between charges, and to use it as a measuring device to explore
More informationElectric Charge. Demo Lab. Return to Table of Contents. abp_electric charge force presentation_ notebook. March 21, 2017
abp_electricchargeforcepresentation_20170207.notebook Electric Charge Demo Lab https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=xbmbaekusb4 Return to Table of Contents 1 abp_electricchargeforcepresentation_20170207.notebook
More informationLAST NAME FIRST NAME DATE
LAST NAME FIRST NAME DATE CJ - Assignment 1 18.1 The Origin of Electricity 18.2 Charged Objects & the Electric Force 18.3 Conductors & Insulators 18.4 Charging by Contact & by Induction Conceptual Question
More informationAP Physics-B ElectroStatics Electric Charges: Subatomic Particles and Electricity: atoms subatomic particles protons neutrons electrons nucleus
AP Physics-B ElectroStatics Electric Charges: It made my hair stand on end! Perhaps you are familiar with this expression, which is often used to describe a frightening or startling experience. According
More information*We studied the following types of En.: Potential and kinetic EX of potential is Chemical EX of kinetic is Temperature Another Ex of kinetic En is:
*We studied the following types of En.: Potential and kinetic EX of potential is Chemical EX of kinetic is Temperature Another Ex of kinetic En is: *Electrical Energy also called Electricity - ( the result
More informationLearning Outcomes from Last Time. Class 3. Learning Outcomes. What Causes Forces -Two Experiments. What Causes Forces -Two Experiments
Learning Outcomes from Last Time Class 3 Electrostatic Forces Physics 106 Winter 2018 Press CTRL-L to view as a slide show. You should be able to answer these questions: What is science? What is physics?
More informationElectrostatics. Electrostatics the study of electrical charges that can be collected and held in one place. Also referred to as Static Electricity
Electrostatics 169 Electrostatics Electrostatics the study of electrical charges that can be collected and held in one place. Types of Charge Also referred to as Static Electricity Benjamin Franklin noticed
More informationQuick Questions. 1. Two charges of +1 µc each are separated by 1 cm. What is the force between them?
92 3.10 Quick Questions 3.10 Quick Questions 1. Two charges of +1 µc each are separated by 1 cm. What is the force between them? 0.89 N 90 N 173 N 15 N 2. The electric field inside an isolated conductor
More informationElectrostatics. Do Now: Describe the Concept of charge
Electrostatics Do Now: Describe the Concept of charge Electrostatics The study of electrical charges that can be collected and held in one place Also referred to as static electricity Types of Charge:
More informationAlgebra Based Physics
1 / 88 Algebra Based Physics Electric Charge and Force 20151130 www.njctl.org 2 / 88 Electric Charge and Force Click on the topic to go to that section Electric Charge Atomic Structure and Source of Charge
More information3/9/2016. Chapter 25 Electric Charges and Forces. Chapter 25 Preview. Chapter 25 Preview
Chapter 25 Electric Charges and Forces Pickup PSE3e Photo from page 720, lightning (perhaps change the fonts and make this photo fill the entire slide) Chapter Goal: To describe electric phenomena in terms
More informationElectrostatics II. Introduction
Electrostatics II Objective: To learn how excess charge is created and transferred. To measure the electrostatic force between two objects as a function of their electrical charges and their separation
More informationReview of Static Electricity
Name: Block: Date: IP 614 Review of Static Electricity Central Concept: Stationary and moving charged particles result in the phenomena known as electricity and magnetism. 5.1 Recognize that an electric
More informationReview of Static Electricity
Name: KEY lock: Date: IP 670 Match each of the following terms with the appropriate description. Write the letter of the best answer to the left. Terms Description C 1. atom a. a small, negatively charged
More informationPhysics 2B Electricity and Magnetism. Instructor: Prof Benjamin Grinstein UCSD
Physics 2B Electricity and Magnetism Instructor: Prof Benjamin Grinstein UCSD week 1 Rank in order, from most positive to most negative, the charges q a to q e of these five systems. 1. q a = q b >
More informationBell Ringer: Define to the best of your ability the definition of:
Bell Ringer: Define to the best of your ability the definition of: Potential Energy Electric Potential Energy Electric Circuit Current Voltage Resistance Coulomb Notes 7.1: Electrostatic Force This lesson
More informationElectrostatics. Experiment NC. Objective. Introduction. Procedure
Electrostatics Experiment NC Objective In this experiment you will explore various aspects of electrostatic charging and electrostatic forces. Introduction You are probably aware of various phenomena associated
More informationElectrostatics: Coulomb's Law
Electrostatics: Coulomb's Law Objective: To learn how excess charge is created and transferred. To measure the electrostatic force between two objects as a function of their electrical charges and their
More informationNORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY PHYSICS DEPARTMENT. Physics 211 E&M and Quantum Physics Spring Lab #2: Electrostatics. qq k r
NORTHRN ILLINOIS UNIVRSITY PHYSICS DPARTMNT Physics 11 &M and Quantum Physics Spring 018 Lab #: lectrostatics Lab Writeup Due: Mon/Wed/Thu/Fri, Jan. 9/31/Jan. 1/, 018 Background You ve learned a lot about
More informationElectrostatic and Electromagnetic Exam Wednesday
Name: KEY Period: Electrostatic and Electromagnetic Exam Wednesday 3-9-2016 This is a review guide none of these questions are on the test. You have to understand the skills necessary to answer these questions
More informationSome differences: Some basic similarities: Charges. Electrons vs. Protons 3/25/12. Chapters 22-25: Electromagnetism!
Chapters 22-25: Electromagnetism! Electric Force vs. Gravitational Force What properties does the gravitational force depend on? What properties does the electric force depend on? F grav = G*m 1 *m 2 /d
More informationIntro Video: n What is charge? n v=dvlpasdwxpy
Electrostatics Intro Video: n What is charge? n https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=dvlpasdwxpy What is electrostatics? n Electrostatics or electricity at rest n Involves electric charges, the forces between
More informationPHYSICS. Chapter 22 Lecture FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS A STRATEGIC APPROACH 4/E RANDALL D. KNIGHT Pearson Education, Inc.
PHYSICS FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS A STRATEGIC APPROACH 4/E Chapter 22 Lecture RANDALL D. KNIGHT 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 22 Electric Charges and Forces IN THIS CHAPTER, you will learn that
More informationMagnetism and Electricity
Magnetism and Electricity UNIT 7 Student Reader E3 Student Reader v. 9 Unit 7 Page 1 2016 KnowAtom TM Front Cover: The front cover shows a photograph of a girl with her hair standing straight up. This
More information3rd Grade Motion and Stability
Slide 1 / 106 Slide 2 / 106 3rd Grade Motion and Stability 2015-11-09 www.njctl.org Slide 3 / 106 Table of Contents Forces and Motion Review Balanced and Unbalanced Forces Motion prediction from patterns
More informationQuest Chapter 32. Think Is this any different than the electrons flying around a nucleus?
1 How does the mass of an object change when it acquires a positive charge? 1. Increases 2. More information is needed. 3. Decreases 4. Doesn t change 2 Why do clothes often cling together after tumbling
More informationUniversity of Maryland Department of Physics
Spring 3 University of Maryland Department of Physics Laura Lising Physics 1 March 6, 3 Exam #1 nswer all questions on these sheets. Please write clearly and neatly: We can only give you credit for what
More informationPHY132 Introduction to Physics II Class 9 Outline:
PHY132 Introduction to Physics II Class 9 Outline: Finishing off chapter 25, Starting chapter 26.. The Field Model The Electric Field of a Point Charge, and many point charges Fun with Charge Conservation!!!
More information3rd Grade. Forces and Motion Review. Slide 1 / 106 Slide 2 / 106. Slide 4 / 106. Slide 3 / 106. Slide 5 / 106. Slide 6 / 106. Motion and Stability
Slide 1 / 106 Slide 2 / 106 3rd Grade Motion and Stability 2015-11-09 www.njctl.org Slide 3 / 106 Slide 4 / 106 Table of Contents Forces and Motion Review Balanced and Unbalanced Forces Motion prediction
More informationChapter 20. Static Electricity
Chapter 20 Static Electricity Chapter 20 Static Electricity In this chapter you will: Observe the behavior of electric charges and analyze how these charges interact with matter. Examine the forces that
More informationPhysics E-1ax, Fall 2014 Experiment 3. Experiment 3: Force. 2. Find your center of mass by balancing yourself on two force plates.
Learning Goals Experiment 3: Force After you finish this lab, you will be able to: 1. Use Logger Pro to analyze video and calculate position, velocity, and acceleration. 2. Find your center of mass by
More informationLab 6 Electrostatic Charge and Faraday s Ice Pail
Lab 6 Electrostatic Charge and Faraday s Ice Pail Learning Goals to investigate the nature of charging an object by contact as compared to charging an object by induction to determine the polarity of two
More informationEssential Questions: How does electricity work, and why does it form? How can electricity be useful?
Essential Questions: How does electricity work, and why does it form? How can electricity be useful? Appliances Lamps Computers Refrigerators Microwaves Flashlights Cell phones Video games All matter is
More informationConcepTest PowerPoints
ConcepTest PowerPoints Chapter 16 Physics: Principles with Applications, 6 th edition Giancoli 2005 Pearson Prentice Hall This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for
More informationCharge and Coulomb s Law
/3/014 Charge and Coulomb s Law AP Physics B Electric Charge Charge is a property of subatomic particles. Facts about charge: There are types basically, positive (protons and negative (electrons LIKE charges
More informationHW Chapter 16 Q 6,8,10,18,19,21 P 1,2,3,4. Chapter 16. Part 1: Electric Forces and Electric Fields. Dr. Armen Kocharian
HW Chapter 16 Q 6,8,10,18,19,21 P 1,2,3,4 Chapter 16 Part 1: Electric Forces and Electric Fields Dr. Armen Kocharian First Observations Greeks Observed electric and magnetic phenomena as early as 700 BC
More informationLecture 1.2 :! Electric Force and Electric Field
Lecture 1.2 :! Electric Force and Electric Field Lecture Outline:! Charging Objects! Coulomb s Law! Electric Field! Textbook Reading:! Ch. 25.3-25.5 Jan. 15, 2015 1 Announcements Quiz in class next Thu.
More informationPHYSICS - CLUTCH CH 22: ELECTRIC FORCE & FIELD; GAUSS' LAW
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: ELECTRIC CHARGE e Atoms are built up of protons, neutrons and electrons p, n e ELECTRIC CHARGE is a property of matter, similar to MASS: MASS (m) ELECTRIC CHARGE (Q) - Mass
More informationElectric Charges & Electric Forces Chapter 20 Structure of atom
Electric Charges & Electric Forces Chapter 20 Electric Charges & Electric Forces Chapter 20 Structure of atom Mass (kg) Charge (Coulombs) Proton 1.673X10-27 +1.60X10-19 Neutron 1.675X10-27 0 = + e Electron
More informationConceptual Physics Electrostatics and Static Electricity Notes and Worksheets
Conceptual Physics Electrostatics and Static Electricity Notes and Worksheets Electrostatics is the study of electrical charges at rest. Charge is the fundamental aspect of all electrical phenomena. Electrical
More informationNow for something totally (?) different
Now for something totally (?) different OUR FIRST REAL FORCE LAW: F = -G m M / r 2 Universal gravitational force (Newton) Acting between any two masses Proportional to both of these masses Inversely proportional
More informationSTATIC ELECTRICITY. II. Directions:Answer the following questions with short answers. Use the back of this sheet to write your answers.
1 Pre-Test I. Directions: Circle the word that completes the sentence. 1. The "building blocks of matter" are called neutrons atoms electrons. 2. When charged objects jump apart we say they each other.
More informationUnit 1: Equilibrium and Center of Mass
Unit 1: Equilibrium and Center of Mass FORCES What is a force? Forces are a result of the interaction between two objects. They push things, pull things, keep things together, pull things apart. It s really
More informationPhysic 602 Conservation of Momentum. (Read objectives on screen.)
Physic 602 Conservation of Momentum (Read objectives on screen.) Good. You re back. We re just about ready to start this lab on conservation of momentum during collisions and explosions. In the lab, we
More informationWhat are some properties of interactions involving electrified objects?
UNIT SE Developing Ideas ACTIVITY 1: Exploring Static Electric Effects Purpose In the previous unit you explored some magnetic effects and then went on to develop a model that explains these effects in
More informationPhysics 122 Unit 3 S1 Electrostatics Weebly.notebook. Unit 3. Section 1 Electrostatics
Unit 3 Section 1 Electrostatics Electrostatics Electrostatics is the study of stationary electric charges. Only two types of electric charge have been discovered, positive and negative. proton (1.673 x
More informationPhysics 208 Spring 2008 Lab 3 (E-1): Electrostatics
Name Section Physics 208 Spring 2008 Lab 3 (E-1): Electrostatics OBJECTIVE: To understand the electroscope as an example of forces between charges, and to use it as a measuring device to explore charge
More informationYou have studied the elements before. All of the known elements are organized in the periodic table.
Building for Physics, Mr. Kent van de Graaff Reading You have studied the elements before. All of the known elements are organized in the periodic table. The smallest particle of an element is the atom
More informationCutnell/Johnson Physics
Cutnell/Johnson Physics Classroom Response System Questions Chapter 18 Electric Forces and Electric Fields Interactive Lecture Questions 18.1.1. A brass key has a net positive charge of +1.92 10 16 C.
More informationChapter 20 & 21: Electrostatics
There are four forces that exist in nature: 1. 2. 3. 4. Chapter 20 & 21: Electrostatics, that is, they only act over very small distances. and can act over very large distances. Rules of Electrostatics:
More informationNow for something totally (?) different
Now for something totally (?) different OUR FIRST REAL FORCE LAW: F = G m M / r 2 Universal gravitational force (Newton) Acting between any two masses Proportional to both of these masses Inversely proportional
More informationWelcome back to PHY101: Major Concepts in Physics I. Photo: J. M. Schwarz
Welcome back to PHY101: Major Concepts in Physics I Photo: J. M. Schwarz Announcements Course Website: http://jmschwarztheorygroup.org/phy101/ HW 7 on Chapters 9 and 16 is due on Friday at 5PM in your
More informationElectric Charge & Force Problems - 1 v Goodman & Zavorotniy
Electric Charge Chapter Questions 1. What happens to a plastic rod when it is rubbed with a piece of animal fur? What happens to the piece of fur? 2. How many types of electric charge are there? What are
More informationGreeks noticed when they rubbed things against amber an invisible force of attraction occurred.
Ben Franklin, 1750 Kite Experiment link between lightening and sparks Electrostatics electrical fire from the clouds Greeks noticed when they rubbed things against amber an invisible force of attraction
More informationCHAPTER 15 ELECTRIC FORCE & FIELDS
CHAPTER 15 ELECTRIC FORCE & FIELDS We will look at the basic properties of electric charge. Electric charge comes in discrete units The total charge in the universe remains constant The force law that
More informationCalculus II. Calculus II tends to be a very difficult course for many students. There are many reasons for this.
Preface Here are my online notes for my Calculus II course that I teach here at Lamar University. Despite the fact that these are my class notes they should be accessible to anyone wanting to learn Calculus
More informationElectric Charges and Fields
Electric Charges and Fields We evaluate electricity not by knowing what it is, but by scrutinizing what it does. I don t know who made this statement but it truly and philosophically describes much of
More informationStrand G. Electricity. Unit 1. Electrostatics. Text. Charge 2 Forces Between Charges 4 Electric Field 10
Strand G. Electricity Unit 1. Electrostatics Contents Page Charge 2 Forces Between Charges 4 Electric Field 10 G.1.1. Charge An atom was once considered the building block of matter, although we know now
More informationElectric Charge & Force Problems - 1 v Goodman & Zavorotniy
The Atom Chapter Questions 1. Which part on an atom carries a positive charge? Which carries the negative charge? 2. How many types of electric charge are there? 3. When a neutral atom captures a free
More information8/24/2018. Charge Polarization. Charge Polarization. Charge Polarization
Charge Polarization The figure shows how a charged rod held close to an electroscope causes the leaves to repel each other. How do charged objects of either sign exert an attractive force on a neutral
More informationI. Origin of Electricity
Name Regents Physics Mr. Mellon Based on Chapter 20 and 21 Essential Questions What is the charge of an elementary charge? Know how to convert elementary charges to Coulombs (vice-versa). Explain the conservation
More informationAQA GCSE Physics. 60 minutes. 60 marks. Q1 to Q4 to be worked through with tutor. Q5 to Q8 to be worked through independently.
AQA GCSE Physics Electricity 4.2.5: Static Electricity & Electric Fields Name: Class: Date: Time: 60 minutes Marks: 60 marks Comments: Q to Q4 to be worked through with tutor. Q5 to Q8 to be worked through
More informationChapter Assignment Solutions
Chapter 20-21 Assignment Solutions Table of Contents Page 558 #22, 24, 29, 31, 36, 37, 40, 43-48... 1 Lightning Worksheet (Transparency 20-4)... 4 Page 584 #42-46, 58-61, 66-69, 76-79, 84-86... 5 Chapter
More informationElectric Charge. Positive and Negative Charge
Positive and Negative Charge Atoms contain particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and electrons have electric charge, and neutrons have no electric charge. Positive and Negative Charge
More informationUnit 2: Electrostatics
Unit 2: Electrostatics You probably associate electrostatics with physics class, but you probably also have lots of experience with static electricity at home. Of course, it s the same stuff! 1 I. What
More informationSOWETO/DIEPKLOOF P.O.BOX BOOYSENS 2016!!! " /7 #
! SOWETO/DIEPKLOOF P.O.BOX 39067 BOOYSENS 2016!!! " 011 9381666/7 # 011 9383603 email: sec@global.co.za Content Page Electrostatics: Summary of Relevant Theory 1 4 Worksheet 1: Multiple Choice Questions
More informationElectric charges. Basics of Electricity
Electric charges Basics of Electricity Electron has a negative charge Neutron has a no charge Proton has a positive charge But what is a charge? Electric charge, like mass, is a fundamental property of
More informationAP Physics 1 Electrostatics Practice Problems. Multiple Choice
AP Physics 1 Electrostatics Practice Problems Multiple Choice 1. A plastic rod is rubbed with a piece of wool. During the process the plastic rod acquires a negative charge and the wool: (A) acquires an
More informationLesson Plan: Electric Circuits (~130 minutes) Concepts
Lesson Plan: Electric Circuits (~130 minutes) Concepts 1. Electricity is the flow of electric charge (electrons). 2. Electric Charge is a property of subatomic particles. 3. Current is the movement of
More informationChapter 20 Electric Fields and Forces
Chapter 20 Electric Fields and Forces Chapter Goal: To develop a basic understanding of electric phenomena in terms of charges, forces, and fields. Slide 20-1 Chapter 20 Preview Looking Ahead: Charges
More information( )( b + c) = ab + ac, but it can also be ( )( a) = ba + ca. Let s use the distributive property on a couple of
Factoring Review for Algebra II The saddest thing about not doing well in Algebra II is that almost any math teacher can tell you going into it what s going to trip you up. One of the first things they
More informationChapter 23. Electric Fields
Chapter 23 Electric Fields Electric Charges There are two kinds of electric charges Called positive and negative Negative charges are the type possessed by electrons Positive charges are the type possessed
More informationHomework #1 Solutions version 3 6 problems
Homework #1 Solutions version 6 problems Exercises 1. Charges A and lie 5 cm apart, on a line. Charge A is q A = + µc, and charge is q = mc. (e careful of the metrix prefixes!) (a) efore doing any calculation,
More informationPhysics Worksheet Electrostatics, Electric Fields and Potential Section: Name: Electric Charges
Electric Charges 1. The fundamental rule of all electrical phenomena is: Like charges, opposite charges 2. Thomson s cathode ray experiment proved that: _ 3. Millikan s oil drop experiment proved that:
More informationChapter 15. Electric Forces and Electric Fields
Chapter 15 Electric Forces and Electric Fields First Observations Greeks Observed electric and magnetic phenomena as early as 700 BC Found that amber, when rubbed, became electrified and attracted pieces
More informationElectric Force and Field Chapter Questions
Electric Force and Field Chapter Questions 1. What happens to a plastic rod when it is rubbed with a piece of animal fur? What happens to the piece of fur? 2. How many types of electric charge are there?
More informationElectric Charge. Labs, Activities & Demonstrations: Notes: Unit: Electricity & Magnetism NGSS Standards: N/A
Add Important Electric Charge Page: 44 NGSS Standards: N/A Electric Charge MA Curriculum Frameworks (006): 5.1, 5.4 AP Physics 1 Learning Objectives: 1.B.1.1, 1.B.1., 1.B..1, 1.B.3.1 Knowledge/Understanding
More information- Like charges repel Induced Charge. or by induction. Electric charge is conserved
Course website: http://course.physastro.iastate.edu/phys112/ Here you will find the syllabus, lecture notes and other course information Links to the website are also on Blackboard: Phys 112 (Spring 2017)
More informationYoung Physicists Program: January 2011 Lab 4: Shocking facts about electrostatics
Young Physicists Program: January 2011 Lab 4: Shocking facts about electrostatics Laboratory: Static electricity- Charge, con/induction, Coulomb's Law Introduction The purpose of this lab is to study the
More information7.9.4 Static Electricity
7.9.4 Static Electricity 71 minutes 79 marks Page 1 of 19 Q1. The diagram shows a student after rubbing a balloon on his hair. The balloon and hair have become charged. (a) Draw a ring around the correct
More informationChapter Electric Forces and Electric Fields. Prof. Armen Kocharian
Chapter 25-26 Electric Forces and Electric Fields Prof. Armen Kocharian First Observations Greeks Observed electric and magnetic phenomena as early as 700 BC Found that amber, when rubbed, became electrified
More informationGeneral Physics (PHY 2140)
General Physics (PHY 2140) Introduction Syllabus and teaching strategy Electricity and Magnetism Properties of electric charges Insulators and conductors Coulomb s law Lecture 1. Chapter 15 1 Lecturer:
More informationDIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS Basic Concepts Paul Dawkins Table of Contents Preface... Basic Concepts... 1 Introduction... 1 Definitions... Direction Fields... 8 Final Thoughts...19 007 Paul Dawkins i http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/terms.aspx
More informationPHYS 202 Notes, Week 1
PHYS 202 Notes, Week 1 Greg Christian January 19 & 21, 2016 This week we introduce the fundamental quantities of electric charge and the laws governing the forces and fields generated by electric charges.
More informationElectrostatics Describe and explain the properties of conductors and insulators
Electrostatics 5.1.1 Describe the process of electrification by friction The ancient Greeks found that if amber was rubbed with fur it would attract small objects like hair. If the amber is rubbed long
More informationSome differences: Some basic similarities: Charges. Electrons vs. Protons 4/3/15. Chapters 22-25: Electromagnetism!
Chapters 22-25: Electromagnetism! Electric Force vs. Gravitational Force What properties does the gravitational force depend on? What properties does the electric force depend on? F grav = Gm 1 m 2 /d
More informationElectric Charge and the Electrostatic Force
Electric Charge and the Electrostatic Force Goals and Introduction When two electrically-charged objects are brought near each other, they can either attract or repel, depending on the sign of each of
More informationElectricity MR. BANKS 8 TH GRADE SCIENCE
Electricity MR. BANKS 8 TH GRADE SCIENCE Electric charges Atoms and molecules can have electrical charges. These are caused by electrons and protons. Electrons are negatively charged. Protons are positively
More information