Solids, Liquids, and Gases

Transcription

1 Date Class _ Solids, Liquids, and Gases Chapter Test A Multiple Choice Write the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left. _ 1. The surface of water can act like a sort of skin due to a property of liquids called a. viscosity. b. surface tension. c. condensation. d. evaporation. _ 2. Which state of matter undergoes changes in volume most easily? a. solid b. liquid c. gas d. frozen _ 3. According to Charles s law, when the temperature of a gas at constant pressure is increased, its a. volume increases. b. mass increases. c. volume decreases. d. particles move more slowly. _ 4. The change from liquid to solid, or the reverse of melting, is called a. condensation. b. boiling. c. sublimation. d. freezing. _ 5. An uncovered pot of soup is simmering on a stove, and there are water droplets on the wall above the back of the stove. What sequence can you infer has occurred? a. melting, then boiling b. freezing, then thawing c. vaporization, then condensation d. condensation, then vaporization _ 6. In cold climates, the amount of snow on the ground may decrease even if the temperature stays below zero degrees Celsius. The process that best explains this event is a. condensation. b. sublimation. c. melting. d. evaporation. _ 7. The state of matter in which particles are arranged in either a crystalline or an amorphous form is a. liquid. b. gas. c. solid. d. fluid. 1

2 Date Class 8. The greater the speed of gas particles in a container, the a. fewer collisions there will be. b. lower the temperature. c. greater the pressure. d. lower the pressure. 9. Pressure can be measured in units of a. newtons. b. newtons per square meter. c. newtons per centimeter. d. newtons per cubic centimeter 10. According to Boyle s law, when the pressure of a gas increases at constant temperature, its volume a. increases. b. stays constant. c. decreases. d. increases, then decreases. Completion Fill in the line to complete each statement. 11. The state of matter in which particles are arranged in the least organized manner is the state. 12. When a substance cools, it loses energy to its surroundings. 13. Sublimation is the change of a solid directly into a(n). 14. A liquid's resistance to flowing is called. 15. occurs when a liquid changes to a gas below its surface as well as at the surface. True or False If the statement is true, write true. If it is false, change the underlined word or words to make the statement true. 16. Particles in a liquid move around just as freely as particles in a solid. 17. In crystalline solids, the particles are not arranged in a regular pattern. 18. At its boiling temperature, the particles of a liquid are moving so slowly that they begin to form regular patterns. 19. Pieces of dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) become smaller through the process of condensation. 20. Water vapor is a colorless gas that is impossible to see. 2

3 Date Class Using Science Skills Use the diagram to answer each question. 21. In which state are the particles least able to move? Explain. 22. Which of the three states represents a liquid? How do you know? 23. If State A is heated, which of the other two states would it more closely resemble? Explain. 3

4 Date Class _ Essay Write an answer for each of the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. 24. Explain how the motion of particles differs in gases, liquids, and solids. 25. Explain what happens to the water molecules in an ice cube when it is removed from a freezer. Using Science Skills Use the diagram to answer each question. 26. Explain what would happen in Step 2 if the cylinder were heated with the plunger held steady. 27. What pattern in the behavior of gases is shown from Step 1 through Step 3 of the figure? 4

5 Date Class Essay Write an answer for each of the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. 28. Explain what happens as a puddle dries after a rainstorm. 29. A truck s tires have the correct air pressure at room temperature (about 20 C). Explain why a tire is more likely to explode when the truck is driven in hot weather than in cold weather. 30. Suppose you buy some inflated party balloons that are at room temperature (about 20 C). What will happen to those balloons if you take them outside on a cold day? Explain. 5