Title: A LI GN M E N T / H A N DLI N G DI A GN O SI S: FRO N T WH E E L A LI GN M E N T : A DJU ST M E N T ( V enza)

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Trevor Kelley
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1 Last Modif ied: N From: Model Year: Model: V enza Doc ID: RM DA 0 1 XX Title: A LI GN M E N T / H A N DLI N G DI A GN O SI S: FRO N T WH E E L A LI GN M E N T : A DJU ST M E N T ( V enza) ADJUSTMENT 1. INSPECT TIRES (a) I ns pec t the tires. 2. MEA SURE VEHICLE HEIGHT Before ins pec ting the wheel alignment, adjus t the vehic le height to the s pec ified value. Be s ure to perform meas urement on a level s urfac e. I f it is nec es s ary to go under the vehic le for meas urement, c onfirm that the parking brake is applied and the vehic le is s ec ured with c hoc ks. (a) Bounc e the vehic le up and down at the c orners to s tabilize the s us pens ion. (b) M eas ure the vehic le height. M eas urement points :

2 A Ground c learanc e of front wheel c enter B Ground c learanc e of N o. 2 lower s us pens ion arm bus hing s et bolt c enter C Ground c learanc e of rear wheel c enter D Ground c learanc e of s trut rod s et bolt c enter V ehic le H eight (U nloaded V ehic le): E N GI N E M O DE L FRO N T A - B RE A R C - D mm ( in.) mm ( in.) mm ( in.) mm ( in.) mm ( in.) mm ( in.) mm ( in.) mm ( in.) 3. INSPECT CAMBER, CASTER AND STEERING AXIS INCLINATION (a) I ns tall a c amber-c as ter-kingpin gauge and plac e the front wheels on the c enter of a wheel alignment tes ter. * 1 Wheel A lignment T es ter * 2 Gauge (b) I ns pec t the c amber, c as ter and s teering axis inc lination. C amber (U nloaded V ehic le): E N GI N E M O DE L C A M BE R I N C LI N A T I O N RI GH T -LE FT DI FFE RE N C E ' +/- 4 5 ' ( / ) C as ter (U nloaded V ehic le):

3 E N GI N E M O DE L C A ST E R I N C LI N A T I O N RI GH T -LE FT DI FFE RE N C E ' +/- 4 5 ' ( / ) ' +/- 4 5 ' ( / ) ' +/- 4 5 ' ( / ) ' +/- 4 5 ' ( / ) Steering A xis I nc lination (U nloaded V ehic le): E N GI N E M O DE L ST E E RI N G A XI S I N C LI N A T I O N ' +/- 4 5 ' ( / ) ' +/- 4 5 ' ( / ) ' +/- 4 5 ' ( / ) ' +/- 4 5 ' ( / ) 4. ADJUST CAMBER Inspect toe-in after the camber has been adjusted. (a) Remove the front wheel. (b) Remove the 2 nuts on the lower s ide of the front s hoc k abs orber. Keep the bolts inserted. (c ) C lean the ins tallation s urfac es of the front s hoc k abs orber and the s teering knuc kle. (d) T emporarily ins tall the 2 nuts. (Step A )

4 (e) Fully pus h or pull the front axle hub in the direc tion of the required adjus tment. (Step B) (f) T ighten the nuts. Torque: 290 N m (2956 kgf cm, 214f t lbf ) Keep the bolts from rotating when tightening the nuts. (g) I ns tall the front wheel. Torque: 103 N m (1050 kgf cm, 76f t lbf ) (h) C hec k the c amber. C amber (U nloaded V ehic le): E N GI N E M O DE L C A M BE R I N C LI N A T I O N RI GH T -LE FT DI FFE RE N C E ' +/- 4 5 ' ( / ) I f the meas ured value is not within the s pec ific ation, c alc ulate the required adjus tment amount us ing the formula below. C amber adjus tment amount = c enter value of the s pec ified range - meas ured value C hec k the c ombination of ins talled bolts. Selec t appropriate bolts from the table below to adjus t

5 HINT: the c amber to the s pec ified values. Try to adjust the camber to the center of the specified values. M O V E T H E A XLE T O WA RD (+) I N ST E P (B) Refer to table (1 ) (M ove the axle toward the pos itive s ide) M O V E T H E A XLE T O WA RD (-) I N ST E P (B) Refer to table (2 ) (M ove the axle toward the negative s ide) T he body and s us pens ion may be damaged if the c amber is not c orrec tly adjus ted ac c ording to the above table. Replace the nut with a new one when replacing the bolt.

7 (i) Repeat the s teps mentioned above. I n s tep (A ), replac e 1 or 2 s elec ted bolts. HINT: Replace one bolt at a time when replacing 2 bolts.

8 5. INSPECT TOE-IN (a) Bounc e the vehic le up and down at the c orners to s tabilize the s us pens ion. (b) Releas e the parking brake and move the s hift lever to N. (c ) P us h the vehic le s traight ahead approximately 5 m (1 6.4 ft.)* 1. (d) P ut tread c enter marks on the rearmos t points of the front wheels and meas ure the dis tanc e between the marks (dimens ion B). * 1 T read C enter M ark * 2 Dimens ion B HINT: (e) Slowly pus h the vehic le s traight ahead to c aus e the front wheels to rotate us ing the front tire valve as a referenc e point. Do not allow the wheels to rotate more than 180. If the wheels rotate more than 180, perform the procedure from *1 again. (f) M eas ure the dis tanc e between the tread c enter marks on the front s ide of the wheels (dimens ion A ). * 1 Front of the V ehic le * 2 Dimens ion A T oe-in: I T E M T oe-in (total) SP E C I FI E D C O N DIT I O N C + D: ' +/- 1 2 ' ( /- 0.2 ) B - A : 1.1 +/- 2 mm ( / in.) I f the toe-in is not within the s pec ified range, adjus t it at the rac k ends. HINT: Measure "B - A" only when "C + D" cannot be measured.

9 6. ADJUST TOE-IN (a) M ake s ure that the lengths of the right and left rac k ends are almos t the s ame. * 1 Differenc e Standard differenc e: 1.5 mm ( in.) or les s (b) Remove the rac k boot s et c lips. (c ) Loos en the tie rod end loc k nuts. * 1 Loos en * 2 T urn (d) A djus t the rac k ends if the differenc e in thread length between the right and left rac k ends is not within the s pec ified range. (1 ) E xtend the s horter rac k end if the meas ured toe-in deviates toward the outs ide. (2 ) Shorten the longer rac k end if the meas ured toe-in deviates toward the ins ide. (e) T urn the right and left rac k ends by an equal amount to adjus t the toe-in to the c enter value. (f) M ake s ure that the lengths of the right and left rac k ends are the s ame. (g) T ighten the tie rod end loc k nuts. Torque: 88 N m (897 kgf cm, 65f t lbf ) Temporarily tighten the lock nut while holding the hexagonal part of the steering rack end so that the lock nut and the steering rack end do not turn together. Hold the width across flat of the tie rod end and tighten the lock nut. HINT: (h) P lac e the boots on the s eats and ins tall the c lips. Make sure that the boots are not twisted. 7. INSPECT WHEEL ANGLE (a) P ut tread c enter marks on the rearmos t points of the turning radius gauge.

TAM 212 Worksheet 5: Car steering

TAM 212 Worksheet 5: Car steering Name: Group members: TM 212 Worksheet 5: ar steering This worksheet aims to understand how cars steer. The #avs webpage on Steering geometry illustrates the basic ideas. On the diagram below, the kingpins