Available online at ScienceDirect. Procedia Engineering 152 (2016 )

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1 Available online at ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 15 (016 ) International Conference on Oil and Gas Engineering, OGE-016 The innovative design of the disperser for separating particles of oil Sekachev A.F. a, Deeva V.S. a *, Slobodyan S.M. a, Teterin V.S. a, Ivanov R.N. a, ShalayV.V. а, Shcherban K.V. а a Omsk State Technical University, 11 Mira Pr., Omsk, , Russian Federation Abstract A process of separating particles have been of major importance in many industries, including oil and gas engineering industry due to its application in pipeline system in which the viscous fluid flows. The entry into new technology areas in application to particles around a micro- nanoscale and smaller imposes an exclusive requirement for devices and techniques for the transportation of viscous fluid through pipelines. Due to the requirements to prevent the particle coarsening and formation agglomeration, the potential for a range of novel research opportunities is emerged. This paper presents an innovative separation device designed by authors, which uses the change of the energy of the particles to achieve separation of a mixture of oil particles. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of the parameters of the dispersers to its stability, and we put forward in evidence that there are best (optimum) parameters leading to better stability of the particle stream. 016 The Authors. Published by by Elsevier Ltd. Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( Peer-review under responsibility of the Omsk State Technical University. Peer-review under responsibility of the Omsk State Technical University Keywords: model; stability; separator; oil; viscous flow; pipeline 1. Introduction Today's petrochemical and oil&gas engineering industry, as well as monitoring, diagnostics, and automated control capabilities are the sophisticated multidisciplinary scientific and technical environment integrating the basic theory of oscillations, the theoretical and applied mechanics, the science of machines and many other areas. One of the main criteria for technological process in these industries is to remain homogeneous structure of fluid and granular stream [1 18]. * Corresponding author. Tel.: address: veradee@mail.ru The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( Peer-review under responsibility of the Omsk State Technical University doi: /j.proeng

2 A.F. Sekachev et al. / Procedia Engineering 15 ( 016 ) In recent years it has become evident that an existing technology should be studied in a new light accounting new developing priority areas focused on micro- and nanotechnology. Such trend generates, from a material point of view, an exclusive requirement for uniformity of particle size, delivery systems and transportation techniques of the viscous and granular medium, micro- and nano-materials [ 5, 8 4]. During the transportation of crude oils and oil products by pipeline there is a strong trend for cluster aggregation due to the particle coarsening and entanglement in flow [9 18, 4], that is particularly true for heavy and highly viscous crude oil. This phenomenon can obstruct the flow caused by viscosity growth. The maintenance and reduction of the dynamic viscosity when the homogenous flow moves in the pipeline is the focus of many practical applications. Due to particular attention to this problem, there is a need to formulate an effective and reliable devices and techniques to reduce the dynamic viscosity in particulate flow [19 4] to prevent the particle coarsening and formation agglomeration. The desire to obtain a more satisfactory solution to the problem of particle coarsening and formation agglomeration during the transportation of viscous fluid through pipelines motivates us to create a new innovative device. This invention relates to apparatus and methods for reducing the viscosity of crude oil in order to facilitate transporting the oil.. Separator arrangement It should be mentioned that the operating principle of the separator relies on the energy change of the particle free motion in dispersed flow was observed in [3 4]. The impact action, based on the aerodynamic dispersion of the particles in viscous medium in the separator leads to a smaller number of particle aggregates with decrease in particle size [18, 1 ] compared to the ordinary flow parameters. To evaluate the efficiency of the separator we performed experiments at a special maintenance & testing unit in small volumes of viscous fluid and we obtained a good effect. However, from an energy point of view, the energy-saving techniques for particle segregation should be used in real life. To meet these demands and to reduce energy requirement during the oil transportation by pipelines the best way is to use kinetic and potential energy of the particle stream while the original values of the dispersion and viscosity retain constant. The proposed separator comprises the channel (jet), and the collision chamber including plug (spherical solid), which modify the continuous flow to shear flows in the pipeline. The spherical solid is mounted to the seat elastic nail, therefore along a symmetry axis of the viscous flow movement is defined. The kinetic and potential energy of the flow is used not only to impact action but also to increase the velocity of the viscous flow in flow cannel. 3. Methods The idea is that the equilibrium state of the spherical solid after being subjected of the flow impact pressure determines the stability of the stream formation as a boundary layer in the flow channel. In order to illustrate this idea, we consider the stability analysis of the spherical solid Stability analysis of the separator The theory of stability discussed by the A. Lyapunov, H. Poincaré, N. Zhukovsky and others is the fundamental basis for analysis not only of the mechanical systems and devices stability but the stability of the systems of any physical nature [0 7]. Lyapunov s methods for stability [5] is applied to find equilibrium solutions in any problems from those physical, economic or abstract mathematical systems which concern the behavior of different but "nearby" solutions to differential equation [6, 7]. According to the definition given by Lyapunov [5] the stability of the spherical solid as a system is based on linearizing near a point of equilibrium therewith it depends on the undisturbed motion [4], comparison function and start time (t=0). Whatever the system under investigation and the task assigned, one need to write equations of motion which will be used as model of the disperser operating. We assume that there is an equilibrium state of the spherical solid elastic nail system (S-NS), being Lyapunov system. The necessary and sufficient condition for the equilibrium state of the spherical solid with k degree of freedom and ideal constraint is the forces, applied to the spherical solid, equals zero {F i =0} (i=1,,,k) where i is

3 160 A.F. Sekachev et al. / Procedia Engineering 15 ( 016 ) whole number. When we consider conservative force acting on the spherical solid, the equilibrium state of the spherical solid has to be set according to the relationship [5 7]: П 0, (1) q i where П q1,q,..., qk q,q,..., q П is the potential energy of the spherical solid as an element of the system; qi 1 k is an adopting coordinate system in which the potential energy is measured. An aspect that needs to be considered is the conditions in which the state of the spherical solid after being subjected of the flow impact pressure (Р f is the force of the flow presses the spherical solid) from overhead will be equilibrium. The elasticity of the nail (length l), maintaining the spherical solid, precludes any deviation from initial steady state. Fundamentally, at zero angle of deviation from initial state (φ=0) of the spherical solid there is no mechanical stress of the elastic nail. But if the deviation occurs it leads to elastic response of the nail (с is the coefficient of rigidity of the elastic nail in which the spherical solid is mounted) that causes the inertia moment recovering the initial state of the spherical solid [5, 7]. In the range under study for small deviation of the spherical solid from equilibrium state it could be assumed с = const. Let us apply the elastic nail of the disperser for separating particles with one degree of freedom and generalized coordinate φ the deviation angle from equilibrium state of the spherical solid. In equilibrium state when φ=0 the potential energy of the spherical solid which is mounted to the seat elastic nail is equal 0. In the case when the deviation from the symmetry axis of the viscous flow is φ 0 it should be noted that the potential energy of the spherical solid by Lyapunov's method is defined by the elastic nail length, the deviation angle from equilibrium state and cumulative weight of the spherical solid, elastic nail and pressure effects on viscous flow [18, 5]. 3.. Energy instability of the spherical solid Basically, changing the potential energy of the spherical solid is characteristics of instability of the boundarylayer flow [4, 5]. Consequently, in order to estimate the changing potential energy one should test it for extreme value the Eq.1. In equilibrium state the deviation angle is zero (φ=0). Thus the first order and the second order derivative of the Eq.1 can be written as following: П 0, () П Рl c, (3) where Р is a total weight of the spherical solid and elastic nail plus pressure effects on viscous flow; b is the elevation of S-NS mass center; l is the elevation of the elastic bending strength of the elastic nail. 4. Results and discussion It s clear that in the case when the first order derivative () equals zero there is no deviation from the symmetry axis of the viscous flow movement and thus the system is stable because the spherical solid is in equilibrium state. In addition, considering the second order derivative (3) of the S-NS one should note that if the rigidity of the elastic nail exceeds the value of moment c>p l the spherical solid is in equilibrium state and thereby the potential energy of the spherical solid which is mounted to the seat elastic nail is equal 0.

4 A.F. Sekachev et al. / Procedia Engineering 15 ( 016 ) Unfortunately, instability of the spherical solid affects the efficiency of the disperser operating. It should be mentioned that one can solve the differential equation in terms of the spherical solid position along the flow to optimally estimate the S-NS state. Moreover, using the methods discussed in [4 9], the analytical solution of the differential equation, representing the equilibrium state of the spherical solid, denotes that the equilibrium state of the S-NS of the oil flow separator is characterized by relative value of the coefficient of rigidity с/с 0 and the critical relative value (sign 0 change point) Рb / с 1 or Рb с 0. Hereafter, one can write the expression connecting parameters as l=а b and to substitute it to analytical solution. From there one can find the best (extreme value) elevation of the center of mass of the S-NS b opt by differentiating the numerical value of the b in auxiliary equation. From the analysis above, it is clear that analytical solution of the equation by using the extremum problems for differential equation allows finding the optimum parameters of the separator. This was verified by computer simulations (Figure 1). The non-dimensionalized coefficient of rigidity c, and non-dimensionalized parameters a, were chosen in the range from 1 to 10, corresponding to b the elevation of the center of mass of the S-NS, rates from about 1 to 3.5 given the optimum. Fig. 1. Three-dimensional surface plots of b for Р/с 0=1. Therefore, the findings emphasized that it is accomplishable to design the separators, which affect the particle stream to exceed the optimum parameters 5. Conclusion A new energy-efficiency and energy-saving model of the separator has been proposed for separating particles and preventing their agglomeration in pipeline systems. This model capitalizes on the changing the potential energy of the particles of viscous fluid. For the S-NS, which was generally considered to be stable, numerical study was reported. It was discovered that instability may occur at a viscous flow in pipeline systems by changing the potential energy of the particles. Stability is determined using the Lyapunov method and a differential equation numerical criterion. It was found the analytical solutions as a function of the coefficient of rigidity, the elevation of the elastic bending strength of the elastic nail, and a total weight of the spherical solid-elastic nail plus pressure effecting on viscous flow, which governs the best (optimum) parameters of the separator.

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