1 The Cathode Rays experiment is associated. with: Millikan A B. Thomson. Townsend. Plank Compton

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1 1 The Cathode Rays experiment is associated with: A B C D E Millikan Thomson Townsend Plank Compton 1

2 2 The electron charge was measured the first time in: A B C D E Cathode ray experiment Photoelectric effect experiment Oil drop experiment Diffraction electrons from aluminum foil Compton effect experiment 2

3 3 Which of the following colors associated with the lowest temperature? A B C D E Violet Blue Green Yellow Red 3

4 4 Which of the following photons has the greatest energy? A B C D E Infrared Blue X Ray γ photon UV photon 4

5 5 The energy of a photon depends on: A B C D E Amplitude Speed Temperature Pressure Frequency 5

6 6 How does the energy of a photon change if the wavelength is doubled? A B C D E Doubles Quadruples Stays the same Is cut to one half Is cut to one fourth 6

7 7 How does the momentum of a photon change if the wavelength is halved? A B C D E Doubles Quadruples Stays the same Is cut to one half Is cut to one fourth 7

8 8 The photoelectric effect explains : A B C D E The wave nature of light The particle nature of light The wave properties of an electron The particle properties of an electron The atomic structure 8

9 9 The kinetic energy of photo electrons depends on: A B C D E Speed of light Angle of illumination Intensity of light Wavelength None of the above 9

10 10 Which of the following is the formula of the photon mass? A m = h/cλ B m = cλ/h C m = h/f D m = f/h E m = Ec 2 10

11 11 The maximum kinetic energy of photo electrons depends on which of the following: I. The light intensity II. The frequency of the light III. The nature of the photo cell A B C D E Only I Only II Only III Only I and II Only II and III 11

12 12 Which of the following formulas explains the photo electric effect? A B C D E hλ = W 0 + KE hf = W 0 KE hf = W 0 + KE hλ = W 0 + KE hc/λ = W 0 KE 12

13 13 Which of the following graphs is a correct relationship between the maximum kinetic energy of photo electrons and the frequency of the incident light? A C E B D 13

14 14 Which of the following graphs is a correct relationship between the maximum kinetic energy of photo electrons and the intensity of the incident light? A B E I C D I I I I 14

15 15 Which of the following graphs is a correct relationship between the de Broglie wavelength and the linear momentum of a particle? A B E C D 15

16 16 All of the following are properties of γ rays EXCEPT: A B C D E They discharge electrified objects They ionize gases They are deflected by magnetic fields They penetrate light objects They are diffracted by crystals 16

17 17 Which of the following phenomena provides the best evidence that light can have particle properties? A B C D E Diffraction of light Electromagnetic radiation Compton effect Electron diffraction γ ray diffraction 17

18 18 Which of the following phenomena provides the best evidence that particles can have wave properties? A B C D E The absorption of photons by electrons in an atom The alpha decay of radioactive nuclei The interference pattern produced by neutrons incident on a crystal The production of x rays by electrons striking a metal target The scattering of photons by electrons at rest 18

19 19 Which of the following formulas can be used to determine the de Broglie wavelength? A B C D E λ = hmv λ = h/mv λ = mv/h λ = hm/c λ = mc/h 19

20 20 A photon can disappear producing an electron and positron, this phenomenon is called? A B C D E Interference of light Diffraction of X Rays Pair production Scattering of electrons Annihilation 20

21 21 When a positron collides with an electron they disappear producing photons, this phenomenon is called? A B C D E Interference of light Diffraction of X Rays Pair production Scattering of electrons Annihilation 21

22 22 The following statement: In order to understand a given experiment, we must use either the wave or the photon theory, but not both is called? A B C D E Wave theory of light Particle theory of light Planetary theory of an atom Principle of complementarity Wave theory of matter 22

23 23 Electrons are accelerated to a maximum speed of v in an X Ray tube by an applied voltage V 0. What is the maximum speed of the electrons if the voltage is quadrupled? A B C 4v 2v D E v/4 23

24 24 In a Compton Effect experiment a photon scattered from an electron at rest increases its wavelength from λ i to λ f. Which of the following deflecting angles gives the greatest raise in the wavelength of the scattered? A 0 B 30 C 60 D 90 E

25 25 Which one of the following objects moving at the same speed is associated with a greatest wavelength? A B C D E Neutron Electron Tennis ball Bowling ball α Particle 25

26 26 According to the Bohr model of the atom, the angular momentum of an electron is: A B C D E Linearly increases with increasing electron s velocity Linearly increases with increasing orbital radius Quantized Inversely proportional to the electron s velocity Inversely proportional to the orbital radius 26

27 27 Rutherford s experiment Scattering α particles by a gold foil was conducted to prove which of the following: A B C D E Plum pudding model of the atom Planetary model of the atom De Broglie hypothesis Wave nature of light Quantum theory of light 27

28 28 In Rutherford s Experiment Scattering α particles by a gold foil the biggest part of α particles could pass through the foil undeflected. Which of the following properties of the atom can be explained from this observation? A B C D E The positive charge is concentrated in the nucleus The nucleus has electrons and protons The atomic mass is concentrated in the nucleus The α particles couldn t be deflected by electrons The size of the nucleus is much less than the size of the atom 28

29 29 Which of the following statement(s) can be associated with Bohr s theory of the atom? I. An electron orbiting the nucleus can change its energy continuously II. An electron orbiting the nucleus emits energy and falls on the nucleus III. An electron orbits the nucleus without radiating energy and can change its energy only by a certain portion when it jumps between the orbits IV. The angular momentum of an electron around the nucleus is equal an integer times h/2π A I and II C II and III E I, II, III and IV B II and IV D III and IV 29

30 30 When an electron falls from an orbit where n = 2 to n = 1: A B C D E A photon is emitted A photon is absorbed No change in atomic energy Atomic energy decreases to zero Atomic energy increases 30

31 31 When an electron jumps from an orbit where n = 1 to n = 3 its orbital radius in terms of the smallest radius r 1 is: A r 1 /9 B r 1 /3 C 2 r 1 D 3 r 1 E 9 r 1 31

32 32 When an electron jumps from an orbit where n = 1 to n = 4 its energy in terms of the energy on the ground level is: A E 1 /9 B E 1 /16 C 2 E 1 D 4 E 1 E 16 E 1 32

33 33 An electron is moving around a single proton in an orbit characterized by n = 5. How many of the electron's de Broglie wavelengths fit into the circumference of this orbit? A 3 B 4 C 5 D 16 E 25 33

34 34 In a cathode ray tube an electron is accelerated by an electric field. When the applied voltage is 600 V the electron s De Broglie wavelength is λ. What is the De Broglie wavelength of the accelerated electron through a potential difference of 150 V? A λ B 2 λ C λ /2 D λ /4 E 4 λ 34

35 35 According to Maxwell s theory of electromagnetism an electron orbiting the atomic nucleus: A B C D E Changes its energy by certain portions Conserves its angular momentum Conserves its energy Radiates its energy and falls on the nucleus Changes its angular momentum by certain portions 35

36 36 A hypothetical atom has the energy levels presented by the graph. An electron is excited from the ground state to the energy level 1 ev. The following are the energies of the emitted photons EXCEPT: A B C D E 9 ev 4 ev 6 ev 2 ev 10 ev 36

37 37 A hypothetical atom has energy levels presents by the graph. A container with the hypothetical gas is irradiated with electro magnetic radiation with the energy range from 4 ev to 9 ev. The following sequence of the photons can be found in the emission spectrum. A B C D E 1 ev, 2 ev, and 6 ev only 2 ev, 3 ev, and 4 ev only 1 ev, 3 ev, and 5 ev only 7 ev and 2 ev only None from the above 37

38 38 A hypothetical atom has energy levels presents by the graph. A container with the hypothetical gas is irradiated with electro magnetic radiation with the energy range from 4 ev to 9 ev. Which of the following transitions will produce a photon with the longest wavelength? A From n = 4 to n = 1 B From n = 4 to n = 2 C From n = 2 to n = 1 D From n = 3 to n = 1 E From n = 4 to n = 3 38

39 39 According to the Bohr s theory of the hydrogen atom, electrons starting in the 4th energy level and eventually ending in the ground state could produce a total of how many lines in the hydrogen spectra? A 6 B 5 C 7 D 4 E 3 39

40 40 Which of the following transitions is related to the energy absorption? A α 1 B α 2 C α 3 D α 4 E α 5 40

41 1. In an experiment conducted to investigate a photo electric effect physics students use an apparatus show on the diagram. Photo electrons emitted as a result of incident light can be accelerated or stopped by an applied voltage. When the incident light has a wavelength of 300 nm the stopping voltage required to stop them is 1 V. If the incident light has a wavelength of 200 nm the stopping voltage is 3 V. a) Calculate the Plank s constant from the data collected in the experiment. hf = KE +φ KE = hf-φ 1eV = (3x10 8 m/s/ 3x10-7 m) h -φ 3eV = (3x10 8 m/s / 2x10 7 m) h φ subtracting the 2 equations yields 2 ev = 0.5 x s -1 h h = 4 x ev-s 41

42 1. In an experiment conducted to investigate a photo electric effect physics students use an apparatus show on the diagram. Photo electrons emitted as a result of incident light can be accelerated or stopped by an applied voltage. When the incident light has a wavelength of 300 nm the stopping voltage required to stop them is 1 V. If the incident light has a wavelength of 200 nm the stopping voltage is 3 V. b) Calculate the work function for the photo cell use in the experiment. plug h into either of the equations from a and you get that φ = 3eV 42

43 1. In an experiment conducted to investigate a photo electric effect physics students use an apparatus show on the diagram. Photo electrons emitted as a result of incident light can be accelerated or stopped by an applied voltage. When the incident light has a wavelength of 300 nm the stopping voltage required to stop them is 1 V. If the incident light has a wavelength of 200 nm the stopping voltage is 3 V. c) Determine the threshold frequency for this type of photo cell. hf = 3 ev f = 3 ev / 4x10 15 ev s f = 7.5 x Hz 43

44 1. In an experiment conducted to investigate a photo electric effect physics students use an apparatus show on the diagram. Photo electrons emitted as a result of incident light can be accelerated or stopped by an applied voltage. When the incident light has a wavelength of 300 nm the stopping voltage required to stop them is 1 V. If the incident light has a wavelength of 200 nm the stopping voltage is 3 V. d) Calculate the stopping voltage required to stop photo electrons emitted by the cell when the incident light has a wavelength of 100 nm. KE = 3x10 8 * 4 x10 15 / = 12 3 =9 ev 44

45 2. A group of physics students conducts an experiment to investigate a photo electric effect. They graphed the kinetic energy as a function of frequency of the incident light. a) Determine the Plank s constant from the given graph. calculate the slope (10 15 Hz, 1ev) and (1.5 x Hz, 3eV) 45

46 2. A group of physics students conducts an experiment to investigate a photo electric effect. They graphed the kinetic energy as a function of frequency of the incident light. b) Determine the work function of the photo cell. y intercept = 3 46

47 2. A group of physics students conducts an experiment to investigate a photo electric effect. They graphed the kinetic energy as a function of frequency of the incident light. c) Determine the threshold frequency. x intercept 0.75x10 15 Hz 47

48 2. A group of physics students conducts an experiment to investigate a photoelectric effect. They graphed the kinetic energy as a function of frequency of the incident light. In the second trial students use a photocell with greater work function. d) How does it change the graph? Explain. slope remains the same (planck's constant) but y intercept will be at φ 48

49 3. An electromagnetic radiation is incident on a metallic surface and electrons are emitted by the plate when the wavelength is 450 nm or less. a. What is the work function of the metal? hf = KE +φ hf = φ (3x10 8 /4.5x10-7 )x4x10-15 = V 49

50 3. An electromagnetic radiation is incident on a metallic surface and electrons are emitted by the plate when the wavelength is 450 nm or less. b. What is the maximum kinetic energy of photo electrons if the incident light has a wavelength of 400 nm? KE = hf φ = 4x x10 8 /4x = 0.333eV 50

51 3. An electromagnetic radiation is incident on a metallic surface and electrons are emitted by the plate when the wavelength is 450 nm or less. c. What is the stopping voltage required to stop photo electrons ejected by the plate when the incident light has a wavelength of 300 nm? 0.333V 51

52 3. An electromagnetic radiation is incident on a metallic surface and electrons are emitted by the plate when the wavelength is 450 nm or less. d. If the stopping voltage is 5 V, what is the wavelength of the incident light? hf = KE + φ = eV λ = hc/ = 4x x10 8 / = 1.565x10-7 m 157 nm 52

53 4. An X Ray photon with a wavelength of λ i = 0.14 nm collides with a electron at rest and bounces back. a. What is the wavelength of the scattered photon? 0.14nm + 6.6x10 34 /(9.11x x10 8 )(1 cos 180)= 0.145nm 53

54 4. An X Ray photon with a wavelength of λ i = 0.14 nm collides with a electron at rest and bounces back. b. What is the momentum of the recoil electron? p = h/λ+h/λ'= 6.6x10-34 (0.145x x10-9 )/(0.145x0.14x10-18 )= 9.3 x10-24 kg-m/s 54

55 4. An X Ray photon with a wavelength of λ i = 0.14 nm collides with a electron at rest and bounces back. c. What is the energy of the recoil electron? E = 1/2 p 2 /m = 1/2 (9.3x10 24 ) 2 /(9.11x10 31 ) = 4.7x10 17 J 55

56 4. An X Ray photon with a wavelength of λ i = 0.14 nm collides with a electron at rest and bounces back. d. Is the energy conserved during the collision? yes E o =E ' Eo = hc/(0.14x10-9 ) = 1.46 x10-15 J E' = hc/(0.145x10-9 ) + 1/2 p 2 /m = 1.41x x10-17 =1.46 x10-15 J 56

57 4. An X Ray photon with a wavelength of λ i = 0.14 nm collides with a electron at rest and bounces back. e. What is the De Broglie wave length of the scattered electron? p = h/λ λ =h/p = 6.6x10-34 / 9.3x10-24 = 7.09x10 9 m 57

58 5. An X Ray tube accelerates an electron beam between two electrodes. A 70,000 V potential difference is applied across the tube. a. What is the speed of the accelerated electrons? v= (2Ue/m) = [2(1.6x /9.11x10-31 )] = 1.6x10 8 m/s 58

59 59

60 5. An X Ray tube accelerates an electron beam between two electrodes. A 70,000 V potential difference is applied across the tube. b. What is the energy of the emitted photons? E= qv = 1.12x10 14 J = 70000eV 60

61 5. An X Ray tube accelerates an electron beam between two electrodes. A 70,000 V potential difference is applied across the tube. c. What is the wavelength of the emitted photons? λ = hc/e = 6.6x10 34 x 3x10 8 / (1.12x10 14 ) = 1.8x10 11 m 61

62 5. An X Ray tube accelerates an electron beam between two electrodes. A 70,000 V potential difference is applied across the tube. d. What is the mass of the emitted photons? 62

63 5. An X Ray tube accelerates an electron beam between two electrodes. A 70,000 V potential difference is applied across the tube. e. What is the momentum of the emitted photons? p = m e v e = 9.11x10 31 x 1.6x10 8 = 1.5x10 22 kg m/s p = h/λ = 6.6x10-34 /1.8x10-11 = 3.67 x10-23 kg-m/s 63

64 6. A free electron is captured by a proton. As a result of this process two photons are emitted. The energy of the first photon is E 1 = 3.4 ev. a. Calculate the wavelength of the photon with energy E 1. λ = hc/e = 4.14x10 15 x3x10 8 /(3.4)= 3.65x10 7 m 64

65 6. A free electron is captured by a proton. As a result of this process two photons are emitted. The energy of the first photon is E 1 = 3.4 ev. b. Calculate the energy of the second photon E = 10.2eV 65

66 6. A free electron is captured by a proton. As a result of this process two photons are emitted. The energy of the first photon is E 1 = 3.4 ev. c. Calculate the wavelength of the second photon? 1/3 of the other wavelength because E 2 = 3E x10 7 m 66

67 6. A free electron is captured by a proton. As a result of this process two photons are emitted. The energy of the first photon is E 1 = 3.4 ev. d. On the diagram below show arrows associated with these transitions of the electron. free to n=2 n=2 to n=1 67

68 6. A free electron is captured by a proton. As a result of this process two photons are emitted. The energy of the first photon is E 1 = 3.4 ev. The electron stays on the ground level for a long period of time and then absorbs an energy of 15 ev from an incident photon. e. What is the energy of the emitted electron? 1.4 ev 68

69 6. A free electron is captured by a proton. As a result of this process two photons are emitted. The energy of the first photon is E 1 = 3.4 ev. f. What is the De Broglie wavelength of the emitted electron? v = (2 x1.4 x 1.6x10-19 /(9.11x10-31 )) = 7.0 x10 5 m/s λ = h/mv = 6.6x10-34 /(9.11x10-31 x7x10 5 ) = 1x10-9 m 69

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