Principles of Convective Heat Transfer

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1 Massoud Kaviany Principles of Convective Heat Transfer Second Edition With 378 Figures Springer

2 Contents Series Preface Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the First Edition Acknowledgments vii ix xi xix 1 Introduction and Preliminaries Applications and Length Scales Historical Background Scope Transport at Elementary Differential Level Intramedium and Interfacial Heat Transfer Phase Change and Reaction Multidimensionality, Asymptotics, and Similarity Three Phases of Matter and Their Thermophysical Properties Gas, Liquid, and Solid Phases Equilibrium Molecular Theory Nonequilibrium Molecular Theory Bulk Versus Surface State Phase Transitions in Single- and Multicomponent Systems Single-Component Systems Multicomponent Systems Multiphase Flows and Phase Distributions Two-Phase Flows Three-Phase Flows Heat Flux Vector and Conservation Equations Heat Flux Vector Conservation Equations for Elementary Volumes Temporal and Spatial Averaging Averaging over Representative Elementary Scales Averaging over Finite Scales Local Thermal Equilibrium Among Phases Approximation and Modeling in the Analysis of Convective Heat Transfer Rigor, Approximation, and Empiricism 52

3 xxii Table of Contents Modeling of Medium Heterogeneity Modeling of Local Thermal Nonequilibrium Modeling of Multidimensional Fields Single-, Two-, and Three-Medium Treatments Fluid Motion Caused or Influenced by Heat Transfer Thermo- and Diffusobuoyancy Thermoacoustics Thermo- and Diffusocapillarity Changes in Other Thermophysical Properties References 73 Part I: Single-Medium Treatments 83 2 Single-Phase Fluid Streams Intraphase Heat Transfer Compressibility ShockWaves Attenuation of Thermoconvective Waves Reacting Flows Chemical Kinetics Premixed Reactants Diffusing Reactants Turbulence Time-Averaged Conservation Equations Modeling of Eddy Viscosity and Diffusivity Boundary-Free Turbulent Flows Volumetric Radiation Radiation Properties Ill Evaluation of Radiative Intensity Electro- and Magnetohydrodynamics Electrohydrodynamics Magnetohydrodynamics Plasmas Buoyancy Thermobuoyant Flows Thermobuoyancy Influenced Flows References Fluid Streams in Two-Phase Systems Local Thermal Equilibrium and Intramedium Heat Transfer Continuous Solid-Fluid Systems with Stationary Solid Taylor Dispersion Local Volume Averaging Effective Medium Properties Volume-Averaged Treatment of Hydrodynamics

4 Table of Contents xxiii Radiation Exothermic Reaction Phase Change in Multicomponent Systems Two-Phase Systems with Both Phases Moving Time and Local Phase-Volume Averaging Two-Medium Treatment of Hydrodynamics A Simplified Energy Equation for Dispersed Flows Effective Medium Properties for Dispersed Flows Exothermic Reaction References 175 Part II: Two-Medium Treatments Solid Fluid Systems with Simple, Continuous Interface Surface-Convection Heat Transfer Effect of Viscosity Zero Viscosity Nonzero Viscosity Oscillation Interfacial Heat Transfer in Flow Over a Plate Axial Dispersion in Flow Through a Tube Turbulence Boundary-Layer Turbulence Free-Stream Turbulence Channel Flow Turbulence Surface Roughness Isolated Roughness and Embedded Vortex Distributed Roughness Compressibility Thermoacoustic Phenomena Due to Standing Waves Thermoacoustical Diffusion High-Speed Boundary-Layer Flows Rarefaction Flow Regimes for Isothermal Flows Nonisothermal Flows Non-Newtonian Liquids Rheology Interfacial Heat Transfer Viscous Dissipation Surface Injection Spatially Discrete Injections Spatially Continuous Injections Heat Transfer in Porous Surface Inserts Impinging Jets Isolated Jets Without Cross Flow 242

5 xxiv Table of Contents Isolated Jets with Cross Flow Multiple, Interacting Jets Reacting Flows Spread of a Boundary-Layer Diffusion Flame A Steady Boundary-Layer Diffusion Flame Premixed Flame in a Channel Premixed Flame in Jet Impingement Direct Inclusion of Radiation Buoyancy Thermobuoyant Flows Without Reaction Thermobuoyant Flows with Reaction Thermo- and Diffusobuoyancy Thermobuoyancy-Influenced Flows Electro- and Magnetohydrodynamics Electrohydrodynamics Magnetohydrodynamics Plasmas Particle Suspension Internal Flow of Small Neutral Particles Large Charged Particles ' Porous Media Local Thermal Equilibrium Boundary-Layer Flow and Heat Transfer Forced Flow Thermobuoyant Flow Multicomponent Solidification Descriptions of Mushy Region Instabilities in Liquid and Mushy Regions Thermo- and Diffusobuoyant Motion in Enclosures References Solid-Fluid Systems with Large Specific Interfacial Area Isolated Dispersed-Phase Elements Flow Regimes Interfacial Heat Transfer Convective Interaction Among Dispersed Elements Dilute Element Concentration Dense Element Concentration Treatment of Solid Phase as a Continuum Porous Media Local Phase-Volume Averaging Example of Capillary Tubes Approximate Models Exothermic Reaction 380

6 Table of Contents xxv Pointwise Versus Volume-Averaged Treatments Particulate Flows A Generalization of Forces on a Moving Particle Collision-Included Model of Hydrodynamics Collision-Included Model of Energy Transport Models for Reacting Particles Rarefied Plasma-Particle Flow References Fluid-Fluid Systems Liquid-Liquid Systems Vapor Nucleation at the Liquid-Liquid Interface Isolated Dispersed-Liquid Elements Continuous- and Dispersed-Phase Energy Equations Gas-Liquid Systems Continuous Interface Bulk Bubble and Droplet Nucleation Isolated, Dispersed-Phase Elements ^Bubbles Growth or Decay of Isolated Bubbles Interbubble Interactions Bubble and Liquid-Phase Conservation Equations Droplets Growth or Decay of Isolated Droplets Interdroplet Interactions Droplet and Gas-Phase Conservation Equations Gas-Gas Systems References 482 Part III: Three-Medium Treatments Solid-Solid-Fluid Systems Particulate Flow Around Solid Surfaces Hydrodynamics of Internal Particulate Flow Dilute, Internal Particulate Flow Dense, Internal Particulate Flow Surfaces Submerged in Internal Particulate Flow Bounding Solid Surfaces of Fluidized Beds Hydrodynamics Confining Surfaces Submerged Surfaces Phase Change Layer Growth in Single-Component Solidification Suspension Dendritic Growth Layer Melting 557

7 xxvi Table of Contents Layer Frost Growth and Densification References Solid-Liquid-Gas Systems Vapor Films Phase-Density Buoyant Flow Buoyant-Forced Flow Dispersed Droplets Liquid Films Negatively Buoyant, Nonwavy Film Flow Negatively Buoyant, Wavy-Film Flow Nonisothermal Common- and Interline Contact Angles Nonisothermal, Moving Contact Line Evaporation from Extended Menisci Kinetic Upper Bound on the Evaporation/Condensation Rate Surface Bubble Formation and Dynamics Incipient Surface Bubble Nucleation Isolated-Bubbles Regim^ Coalesced-Bubbles Regime Surface Droplet Formation and Dynamics Incipient Surface Droplet Nucleation Isolated-Droplet Regime Coalescence and Transition to Liquid-Film Flow Impinging Droplets Isolated-Droplet Dynamics and Evaporation Droplet Spray and Evaporation Regimes Dryout in Surface-Bubble Nucleation Regime References 666 Nomenclature 675 Citation Index 681 Subject Index 693

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