2A skupina zemeljskoalkalijske kovine
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1 1. NALOGA: V ČEM SE RAZLIKUJETA BeO IN MgO?
2 1. NALOGA: ODGOVOR Elementi 2. periode (od Li do F) se po fizikalnih in kemijskih lastnostih (diagonalne lastnosti) znatno razlikujejo od elementov, ki so v posameznih skupinah pod njimi (od Na do Cl). BeO je nereaktiven in reagira z vodo šele pri 600 C. MgO pa z vodo reagira že pri nekoliko povišani temperaturi. BeO je amfoteren (topen v kislinah in bazah), MgO pa se topi v kislinah.
3 2. NALOGA: NA LEVI STRANI VSAKE PUŠČICE ZAPIŠI PRIMERNE REAKTANTE, TAKO DA DOBIŠ NA DESNI STRANI PUŠČICE PRAVI PRODUKT. PRI VSEH REAKTANTIH IN PRODUKTIH ZAPIŠI AGREGATNO STANJE {(g), (l), (s), (aq)} IN ENAČBE REAKCIJ UREDI. ZA VSE PRODUKTE IN REAKTANTE ZAPIŠI VRSTO VEZI, KI POVEZUJEJO DELCE, KO JE SNOV V TRDNEM STANJU MgO Mg OH MgCO CO Na CO NaHCO 2
4 2. NALOGA: ODGOVOR MgO Mg OH pri reakciji MgO z vodo nastane magnezijev oksid Mg(OH) 2. V vodi je slabo topen. Za ostale reakcije: CO 2 (g); segrevanje; NaOH(aq); HCl 2 MgO s + H O aq Mg OH aq 2 2
5 3. NALOGA: DOPOLNI IN UREDI, TAKO DA BO REŠITEV SMISELNA IN PRAVILNA! Sphere Beryllium B52 - Gyrocompass Be Be H O Be H O OH H O BeOBe H O
6 3. NALOGA: ODGOVOR 2 ( 2 ) H O aq + 2+ ( ) 2 2+ Be + aq + 4 H O l Be H O aq Be( H O) aq + H O l Be( H O) OH Be( H O) OH ( H O) Be O Be H O + H O l
7 4. NALOGA: MOLEKULA BERILIJEVEGA KLORIDA BeCl 2 JE ELEKTRONSKO DEFICITARNA. KAKŠNA BO STRUKTURA BeCl 2, DA BODO IMELI Be IN Cl ATOMI OKOLI SEBE OKTET ELEKTRONOV?
8 4. NALOGA: ODGOVOR Tetraedri BeCl 4 so med seboj povezani preko skupnih robov
9 5. NALOGA: ZAPIŠI KEMIJSKE REAKCIJE RAZTAPLJANJA APNENCA V DEŽEVNICI IN IZLOČANJA KRISTALOV KALCITA V KRAŠKIH JAMAH (STALAGMITI IN STALAKTITI)!
10 5. NALOGA: ODGOVOR CaCO s + CO aq + H O l Ca HCO aq V deževnih kapljah se raztopi tolikšna (zadostna) količina ogljikovega dioksida CO 2, da se nekaj apnenca v deževnici raztopi. Nastane topen kalcijev hidrogenkarbonat, ki se zaradi spremembe temperature v notranjosti kraških jam razkroji v karbonat in CO 2 (Le Catelierov princip). Koncentracije Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 so zelo nizke, proces izločanja kristalov kalcita pa poteka izjemno počasi.
11 6. NALOGA: NAŠTEJ VSAJ TRI MINERALE, KI VSEBUJEJO KALCIJ!
12 6. NALOGA: ODGOVOR fluorit CaF 2, dolomit CaCO3 MgCO3, kalcit CaCO 3.
13 7. NALOGA: NAPIŠI REAKCIJO NASTANKA KALCIJEVEGA DIHIDROGENFOSFATA IN BARIJEVEGA HIDROGENSULFATA IZ USTREZNIH KARBONATOV!
14 7. NALOGA: ODGOVOR kalcijev hidrogenfosfat Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 barijev hidrogensulfat Ba(HSO 4 ) 2 CaCO s + 2 H PO aq Ca H PO + H O l + CO g BaCO s + 2 H SO aq Ba HSO + H O l + CO g
15 8. NALOGA: NAPIŠI REAKCIJO SEŽIGA DIETILMAGNEZIJA Mg(C 2 H 5 ) 2!
16 8. NALOGA: ODGOVOR Če spojine zgorijo pri visoki temperaturi in v prebitnem kisiku, običajno nastanejo obstojni (stabilni) oksidi elementov, iz katerih je spojina sestavljena. Mg C H s + 7 O g MgO s + 4 CO g + 5 H O l
17 9. NALOGA: ZAPIŠI REAKCIJI NASTANKA ŽIVEGA(ŽGANEGA) IN GAŠENEGA APNA TER REAKCIJO, ZARADI KATERE ZAČNE PO VGRADNJI MALTA DELOVATI KOT VEZIVO!
18 9. NALOGA:
19 10. NALOGA: NAPIŠI REAKCIJO MAGNEZIJA Z VROČO VODO!
20 10. NALOGA: ODGOVOR Mg s + 2 H O l Mg OH aq + H g Magnezij je manj reaktiven od»soseda na levi«, natrija. Natrij burno reagira z vodo že pri sobni temperaturi, magnezij pa z vodo reagira šele pri povišanih temperaturah
21 Dodatno gradivo
22 planarna 22
23 * Elementi po skupini navzdol se lažje oksidirajo, saj ioniz. energija pada*! 23
24 Inorganic Chemistry Chapter 1: Figure
25 Velikost ionov vpliva na strukture spojin MgF 2 : rmg 2+/ rf - =0,44 rutilna zgradba in razmerje radijev CaF 2 : rca 2+ /rf - je 0,73 fluoritna struktura rmg 2+/ rf - =0,44 CN(Mg)= 6 r K /r A = 0.73 CN(Ca) = 8 25
26 26
27 Be(H 2 O) 4 2+ (aq) + H 2 O Be(H 2 O) 3 (OH) + +H 3 O + 27
28
29 29
30 30
31 Magnezij celo gori v CO 2! 2Mg + CO 2 2MgO + C / reakcije ne moremo gasiti s CO 2!!!!/ feature=player_embedded&v=_x Cbal2YyaE Uporaba Mg v zlitinah z Al, ki so žilave in pri katodni zaščiti železa. Pridobivanje manj elektropozitivnih kovin (Ti) / Krollov postopek/ v Ar atmosferi: 2Mg(l) + TiCl 4 Ti(s) + 2MgCl 2 (l) 31
32 Mrežne struktura BeH 2, sestavljena iz BeH 4 tetraedrov in H mostovnih atomov 32
33 Karbonati II.skupine PS 33
34 34
1 L = L = 434 ml
CHEM 101A ARMSTRONG SOLUTIONS TO TOPIC B PROBLEMS 1) We do not need to calculate the original molarity of the solution; all we need is the number of moles of K + in 7.50 g of K 2 CO 3 : 7.50 g K 2 CO 3
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