PHYS 241D Electricity & Optics

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1 PHYS 241D Electricity & Optics Physics Department Home page: Course Home page: CHIP Home page: Piazza: Room Undergraduate office Room 11 - Help center Room Physics Library

2 Course Home page: Link to lecture notes. Fill in notes as you watch the lecture on Boilercast

3 Course Home page: Calendar & Syllabus are under this link.

4 Calendar/Schedule (posted under Course Information) *Read the assigned Chapter sections prior to watching the lecture. *Note Exam Dates *Homework is due on Sundays at 11:59 PM. Homework is done through CHIP. *Lecture quizzes are due on Friday. *Recitation quizzes are due on Mondays. CHIP Home page: fall2014/

5 Syllabus Questions about grades, grade checks, absences, etc please see Prof. Pyrak-Nolte Send an to make an in-person appointment or an audio appointment by Skype

6 Homework:

7 Syllabus

8 Online Forum We will use Piazza for class discussions to assist you in getting help fast and efficiently from your classmates and the teaching assistants. Rather than ing questions to the teaching staff, you are encouraged to post your questions on Piazza: You can sign up for a Piazza account and enroll in our class page at: You can also use Piazza to set-up study groups with other students in PHYS 241 & PHYS 241D

9 Online Recitations Link for online recitations. Recitations will also be recorded for later viewing.

10 Additional Resource: Short YouTube Videos on selected topics.

11 EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS A MESSAGE FROM PURDUE To report an emergency, call 911. To obtain updates regarding an ongoing emergency, sign up for Purdue Alert text messages, view There are nearly 300 Emergency Telephones outdoors across campus and in parking garages that connect directly to the PUPD. If you feel threatened or need help, push the button and you will be connected immediately. If we hear a fire alarm during class we will immediately suspend class, evacuate the building, and proceed outdoors. Do not use the elevator. If we are notified during class of a Shelter in Place requirement for a tornado warning, we will suspend class and shelter in [the basement]. If we are notified during class of a Shelter in Place requirement for a hazardous materials release, or a civil disturbance, including a shooting or other use of weapons, we will suspend class and shelter in the classroom, shutting the door and turning off the lights. Please review the Emergency Preparedness website for additional information.

12 Electric & Magnetic Fields Electric and magnetic fields manifest their existence through interactions with matter. Differential Form ρ ε o div( E ) = E = div( B ) = B = 0 curl ( E ) = E = B t curl( B ) = B = µ o Maxwell s Equations E J + ε o t Integral Form E da = Q enclosed ε o S S C B da = 0 E d l = S B t d A Lorentz Force B d l = E µ o I + µ o ε o t d A C S James Clerk Maxwell ( ) F = qe + qv B

13 Lecture 1 Electric Charges & Coulomb s Law reducestatic-cling.html

14 Electric Charge Electric charge is an intrinsic characteristic of the fundamental particles that make up objects. Positive Charge Negative Charge +

15 Electric Charge Net charge of a system: algebraic sum of all the charges Law: Conservation of charge The net charge of a closed system never changes

16 Electric Charge Electric charge is quantized $ = n Business/images/us%20penny.jpg Elementary charge: e = (63) x C Coulomb (C): one coulomb is the amount of charge that is transferred through the cross section of a wire in 1 second when there is a current of 1 ampere in the wire.

17 Charge of Particles neutral atom electron orbits e +Ze e e nucleus Particles Charge Electron Positron Proton Anti-Proton Neutron Photon 0 e e + e + e 0 Nucleus charge= +Ze, atom with Z electrons is neutral. Proton charge: e + = 1.60 x C Electron charge: e - = 1.60 x C

18 Interaction of Charges Charged objects interact by exerting forces on one another. DEMO: Pith Balls

19 Conductors versus Insulators Conductors: material in which electric charges can move around freely. Insulators: material in which electric charges are frozen in place. Semi-conductor: material in which electric charges can move around but not as freely as in conductors. Super-conductor: no resistance to the movement of charge.

20 Interaction of Charges: Insulators *Insulators: material in which electric charges are frozen in place.

21 Interaction of Charges: Insulators Force of Repulsion Force of Attraction Charges with the same electrical sign repel each other Charges with opposite electrical signs attract each other.

22 Mobility of Charge Conductors: material in which electric charges can move around freely. Negatively charged plastic rod will attract either end of the electrically isolated copper rod Reason: charges in copper rod can redistribute themselves.

23 Conductors versus Insulators Demo 5A-04: Charges are more readily transferred by conductors

24 Mobility of Charge Demo: Pie Tins

25 Charging by Induction 1. Bring a charged rod close 3. Break connection to ground, to conductor. keeping the charged rod in place 2. Ground the conductor. 4. Remove the rod. The sphere is charged.

26 Charge Induction Demo: Chimes Charged Conducting thread Grounded Insulating thread

27 Coulomb s Law of Electro-static Force r q 1 q 2 Charles-Augustin de Coulomb ( ) The electro-static force of attraction/repulsion has a magnitude: Coulomb s Law where: k = 1 4πε o = 8.99x10 9 Nm 2 / C 2 and the permittivity constant is ε o = 8.55x10 12 C 2 / Nm 2

28 Coulomb s Law of Electro-static Force F = 1 Q 1 Q 2 4πε o r 2 ˆ r *Each particle exerts a force of this magnitude on the other particle. *The two forces form an action-reaction pair.

29 Coulomb s Law of Electro-static Force Force exerted by q 1 on q 2 at a distance r 12 F = kq 1q 2 12 r 2 1,2 ˆr 1,2 q 1, q 2 in coulombs (C) r 12 in meters (m) F 12 in newtons (N) F 12

30 Coulomb s Law Analogous to Newton s Equation of Gravitation F = k q 1 q 2 F = G m 1m 2 r 2 r 2 Analogous * k electro-static constant * Inverse Square Law * Charge *Attractive/repulsive depending on sign of charges *Two kinds of charges *Dominates on small scale DIFFERS * G gravitational constant * Inverse Square Law * Mass *Always attractive *One kind of mass *Dominates on large scales

31 Electro-Static Force versus Newton s Force of Gravitational Attraction DEMO: 2 x 4

32 Principle of Superposition When several point charges are put together, the total force on any one charge is the vector sum of the each of the separate forces acting on that charge. Exercise: y R=1m Q 1 Q Determine force on Q 1 Q 3 Q 1 =Q 2 =Q 3 =1µC x

PHYS 241 Electricity, Magnetism & Optics Syllabus

PHYS 241 Electricity, Magnetism & Optics Syllabus PHYS 241 Electricity, Magnetism & Optics Syllabus Questions about grades, grade checks, absences, course withdrawal, etc please see Prof. Laura Pyrak-Nolte 1 PHYS 241 Electricity & Optics Physics & Astronomy

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