Topic 11: Measurement and data processing
|
|
- Augustus Lee
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Topic 11: Measurement and data processing 11.1 Uncertainty and error in measurement 11.2 Uncertainties in calculated results 11.3 Graphical techniques -later!
2 From the syllabus
3 Precision v. Accuracy The accuracy of a measurement is an expression of how close the measured value is to the correct or true value. Expressed as a Percentage Difference The precision of a set of measurements refers to how closely the individual measurements agree with one another. Precision is a measure of the reproducibility or consistency of a result.
4 Imagine a dartboard!
5 Significant Figures What is 22.1 x 13.7? It s NOT ! It s 303 Your answer cannot be more certain than the data you started with!
6 Remember! All non-zero digits count as significant figures: 4 Leading zeros are those that precede the first nonzero digit. Leading zeros are not counted as significant figures Captive zeros are zeros between non-zero integers. Captive zeros always count as significant figures. 406 Trailing zeros are zeros to the right of a number. Trailing zeros are significant if the number contains a decimal point.if there is no decimal point, the number of significant figures may be unclear. 1000
7 Scientific Notation 400 vs To avoid this confusion the number should be written in standard form or scientific notation. Rewrite as 4 x10 2 Rewrite as 4.00 x10 2
8 A Caveat Sig figs are only applied to measurements and calculations involving measurements. They do not apply to quantities that are inherently integers or fractions a stoichiometric ratio such as 2 or ½ mole, defined quantities (for example, one metre equals 100 centimetres), or conversion factors (multiplying by 100 to get a percentage or adding 273 to convert C to K).
9 Multiplication and division The result should have the same number of significant figures as the factor with the least number of significant figures =
10 Addition and Subtraction The result should have the same number of decimal places as the number used with the fewest decimal places. Note that when adding and subtracting we are interested in decimal places, not significant figures =
11 Exercise x x ( )
12 Uncertainty of a Digital Reading +/- the last measurable digit If a measured mass is read on a digital scale as g, then it s expressed as: / g If a measure mass is read on a digital scale as 18.3g, then it s expressed as /- 0.1 g Imagine when you re on the scale and the last digit flickers between two...
13 Uncertainty of an Analog Reading +/- 0.5 of the last measurable digit. The volume of solution in this burette is cm 3. The burette reading can be recorded as ± 0.05 cm 3. The burette reading is between cm 3 and cm 3.
14 Reading a Meniscus When reading a meniscus you should always have your eyes level with the meniscus, and for aqueous solutions the volume is read from the bottom of the meniscus.
15 MISTAKES Sometimes, during an experimental investigation, a student may make a mistake: misreading a scale or a digital reading using different balances for a number of related measurements wrongly transferring raw data to a table of results pressing the wrong buttons on a calculator or making arithmetical errors in mental calculations failing to carry out a procedure as described in the method. MISTAKES CAN BE AVOIDED!!! ERRORS CANNOT
16 Systematic Error Poor accuracy in measurements is usually associated with an error in the system a systematic error. Using a balance that has been incorrectly zeroed (for example, so that the zero reading is in fact a mass of 0.1 g) will produce measurements that are inaccurate (below their true value). Systematic errors are always biased in the same direction. The incorrectly zeroed balance will always produce measurements that are below their true value. Repeating the measurements will not improve the accuracy of the result.
17 Systematic errors can be the result of: poorly calibrated instruments instrument parallax error (reading a scale from a position that is not directly in front of the scale) badly made instruments poorly timed actions (such as the reaction time involved in clicking a stopwatch).
18 Random uncertainty Poor precision in measurements is associated with random uncertainty. These are the minor uncertainties inherent in any measurement. Error associated with estimating the last digit of a reading is a random uncertainty. How can we reduce random uncertainty???
19 Repeat, repeat, repeat! Repeating the measurement a number of times and averaging the results reduces the effect of random uncertainty.
20 Percent Uncertainty The absolute uncertainty is the size of an uncertainty, including its units ± 0.05 cm 3 The percentage uncertainty changes with the amount of material that you are measuring. Percentage uncertainty is found by dividing the absolute uncertainty by the measurement that is being made. Percentage uncertainty = absolute uncertainty x 100 m measurement 0.05/20 x100 =
21 Processing Data Determine the uncertainties in results When adding or subtracting absolute uncertainties can be added together For multiplication/division, percentage uncertainties can be added together
22 Example a 12.5 ± 0.16 cm 3 of HCl is added from a burette to 4.0 ± 0.5 cm 3 of water that had been measured in a measuring cylinder. Calculate the absolute uncertainty and hence the percentage uncertainty in the final solution. b Solution a Total volume of solution = = 16.5 cm 3 Absolute uncertainty = ±( ) = ±0.66 cm 3 Percentage uncertainty = = = 100 = ±4% 1
23 Example b A sample of copper has been produced during a multi-stage experiment. The 250 cm 3 beaker was weighed at the start of the experiment and found to have a mass of ± 0.02 g. Several days later the beaker and copper was found to have a mass of ± 0.02 g. Calculate the absolute uncertainty and hence the percentage uncertainty in the final mass of copper. c Calculate the percentage uncertainty, and hence the absolute uncertainty, b Mass of copper = = 3.43 g Absolute uncertainty = ±( ) = ±0.04 g Percentage uncertainty = m(na CO ) 100 = ±1% 1
24 Homework Complete sig fig worksheet
Topic 11: Measurement and Data Processing and Analysis. Topic Uncertainties and Errors in Measurement and Results
Topic 11: Measurement and Data Processing and Analysis Topic 11.1- Uncertainties and Errors in Measurement and Results Key Terms Random Error- above or below true value, usually due to limitations of equipment
More informationMeasurement. New Topics accuracy vs. precision rounding in chemistry significant figures determining uncertainty of a measurement % error moles - 1 -
Measurement Unit Description In this unit we will focus on the mathematical tools we use in science, especially chemistry the metric system and moles. We will also talk about how to gauge the accuracy
More informationSection 3 Using Scientific Measurements. Look at the specifications for electronic balances. How do the instruments vary in precision?
Lesson Starter Look at the specifications for electronic balances. How do the instruments vary in precision? Discuss using a beaker to measure volume versus using a graduated cylinder. Which is more precise?
More informationScientific Measurement
Scientific Measurement Sprint times are often measured to the nearest hundredth of a second (0.01 s). Chemistry also requires making accurate and often very small measurements. CHEMISTRY & YOU How do you
More informationMeasurements and Calculations. Chapter 2
Measurements and Calculations Chapter 2 Scientific Method Observing/Collecting Data Hypothesis Testing Theorizing Publishing Units of Measurement All measurements require two parts 1. Quantity 2. Unit
More informationMeasurements. October 06, 2014
Measurements Measurements Measurements are quantitative observations. What are some kinds of quantitative observations you might make? Temperature Volume Length Mass Student A and Student B measured the
More informationSignificant Figures. Significant Figures 18/02/2015. A significant figure is a measured or meaningful digit.
Significant Figures When counting objects, it is easy to determine the EXACT number of objects. Significant Figures Unit B1 But when a property such as mass, time, volume, or length is MEASURED, you can
More informationChapter 2 Math Skills
Chapter 2 Math Skills 2.1 Measurements Measurement number with a unit Units are very important o A student wouldn t ask a teacher Could you please hand me 6? The student would instead ask, Could you please
More informationAppendix C: Accuracy, Precision, and Uncertainty
Appendix C: Accuracy, Precision, and Uncertainty How tall are you? How old are you? When you answered these everyday questions, you probably did it in round numbers such as "five foot, six inches" or "nineteen
More informationAppendix B: Accuracy, Precision and Uncertainty
Appendix B: Accuracy, Precision and Uncertainty How tall are you? How old are you? When you answered these everyday questions, you probably did it in round numbers such as "five foot, six inches" or "nineteen
More informationMixing ratios of gases can also be expressed in ppvb, parts per billion (10 9 ) by volume.
IB Biology STUDENT GUIDE 33 Non-SI units SI units of measurement have not gained universal acceptance and a number of non-si units of measurement are often used in Biology. Pressure Blood pressure is expressed
More informationNumbers and Uncertainty
Significant Figures Numbers and Uncertainty Numbers express uncertainty. Exact numbers contain no uncertainty. They are obtained by counting objects (integers) or are defined, as in some conversion factors
More informationPHYSICS 30S/40S - GUIDE TO MEASUREMENT ERROR AND SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
PHYSICS 30S/40S - GUIDE TO MEASUREMENT ERROR AND SIGNIFICANT FIGURES ACCURACY AND PRECISION An important rule in science is that there is always some degree of uncertainty in measurement. The last digit
More informationPart 01 - Notes: Identifying Significant Figures
Part 01 - Notes: Identifying Significant Figures Objectives: Identify the number of significant figures in a measurement. Compare relative uncertainties of different measurements. Relate measurement precision
More informationAccuracy and precision in measurements
Accuracy and precision in measurements Scientists aim towards designing experiments that can give a true value from their measurements, but due to the limited precision in measuring devices, they often
More informationThe AP Chemistry Summer assignment is meant to help prepare you for the first few weeks of class
The AP Chemistry Summer assignment is meant to help prepare you for the first few weeks of class Part 1. Review the mole concept and how it s used. This includes mass (grams) to moles, moles-to-mass calculations,
More informationMetric Prefixes UNITS & MEASUREMENT 10/6/2015 WHY DO UNITS AND MEASUREMENT MATTER?
UNITS & MEASUREMENT WHY DO UNITS AND MEASUREMENT MATTER? Chemistry In Action On 9/3/99, $15,000,000 Mars Climate Orbiter entered Mar s atmosphere 100 km (6 miles) lower than planned and was destroyed by
More informationAppendix A: Significant Figures and Error Analysis
1 Appendix A: Significant Figures and Error Analysis Every measurement of a physical quantity contains some amount of uncertainty or error. We often speak of a certain number or measurement as being precise
More informationChemistry 11. Measuring and Recording Scientific Data. Measurement tools Graphing Scientific notation Unit conversions Density Significant figures
Chemistry 11 Measuring and Recording Scientific Data Measurement tools Graphing Scientific notation Unit conversions Density Significant figures Name: Block: Measuring and Recording Significant Data SI
More informationMeasurements, Sig Figs and Graphing
Measurements, Sig Figs and Graphing Chem 1A Laboratory #1 Chemists as Control Freaks Precision: How close together Accuracy: How close to the true value Accurate Measurements g Knowledge Knowledge g Power
More informationSignificant Figures: A Brief Tutorial
Significant Figures: A Brief Tutorial 2013-2014 Mr. Berkin *Please note that some of the information contained within this guide has been reproduced for non-commercial, educational purposes under the Fair
More informationChapter 2. Measurements and Calculations
Chapter 2 Measurements and Calculations Section 2.1 Scientific Notation Measurement Quantitative observation. Has 2 parts number and unit. Number tells comparison. Unit tells scale. If something HAS a
More informationHow long is the arrow?
1.2 Measurements Measuring We have all measured things before, but how would you define it? Measurement: comparing an unknown quantity to a standard unit (known quantity) How long is the arrow? Any measurement
More informationSyllabus Tutors Review from previous class. Resources. Lecture: MW 5:30PM-6:50PM Room 425
Chapter 2 Syllabus Tutors Review from previous class 1 Chapter 2 Resources Lecture: MW 5:30PM-6:50PM Room 425 Text book: Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald DeCosta, Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation, 8th Website:
More informationUncertainty in numbers
1.03 Accuracy, Precision and Significant Figures Uncertainty in numbers Story: Taxi driver (13 years experience) points to a pyramid "...this here pyramid is exactly 4511 years old". After a quick calculation,
More informationNotes: Measurement and Calculation
Name Chemistry-PAP Per. I. The Basics of Measurement Notes: Measurement and Calculation A. Measurement Most provide quantitative information, but because they are obtained experimentally, they are inexact.
More informationANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 1 LECTURE NOTES
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 1 LECTURE NOTES FUNDAMENTALS OF PRE ANALYSES TOPIC 1: Theory of Errors 1.0 Introduction Analytical chemistry is a specialised aspect of chemistry that deals with both qualitative analysis
More informationSPH3U1 Lesson 03 Introduction. 6.1 Expressing Error in Measurement
SIGNIFICANT DIGITS AND SCIENTIFIC NOTATION LEARNING GOALS Students will: 6 ERROR Describe the difference between precision and accuracy Be able to compare values quantitatively Understand and describe
More informationMeasurement: The Basics
I. Introduction Measurement: The Basics Physics is first and foremost an experimental science, meaning that its accumulated body of knowledge is due to the meticulous experiments performed by teams of
More informationTools of Chemistry. Measurement Scientific Method Lab Safety & Apparatus
Tools of Chemistry Measurement Scientific Method Lab Safety & Apparatus Scientific Notation Scientific Notation a number described as a power of 10 (used for very large or small numbers) 1000 = 1 X 10
More informationUncertainties in Measurement
Uncertainties in Measurement Laboratory investigations involve taking measurements of physical quantities. All measurements will involve some degree of experimental uncertainty. QUESTIONS 1. How does one
More informationDo Now 5 Minutes. Topic Scientific Notation. State how many significant figures are in each of the following numbers. How do you know?
Do Now 5 Minutes Topic Scientific Notation State how many significant figures are in each of the following numbers. How do you know? 1,400. 0.000 021 5 0.000 000 000 874 1 140,000,000,000,000 673,000,000,000
More informationChemistry 1. Worksheet 3. Significant Figures in Calculations. 1 MathTutorDVD.com
Chemistry 1 Worksheet 3 Significant Figures in Calculations 1 Report all answers on this worksheet with the correct number of significant figures. 1) How many significant figures does each of the following
More informationTutorial 2: Expressing Uncertainty (Sig Figs, Scientific Notation and Rounding)
Tutorial 2: Expressing Uncertainty (Sig Figs, Scientific Notation and Rounding) Goals: To be able to convert quantities from one unit to another. To be able to express measurements and answers to the correct
More informationIntroduction to Chemistry
Introduction to Chemistry A. Unit Conversions 1. In Chemistry 11 and 12, a mathematical method called Unit Conversions will be used extensively. This method uses CONVERSION FACTORS to convert or change
More informationChapter 3 Scientific Measurement
Chapter 3 Scientific Measurement 3.1 Using and Expressing Measurements 3.2 Units of Measurement 3.3 Solving Conversion Problems 1 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
More information3.1 Using and Expressing Measurements > 3.1 Using and Expressing Measurements >
Chapter 3 Scientific Measurement 3.1 Using and Expressing Measurements 3.2 Units of Measurement 3.3 Solving Conversion Problems 1 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
More informationPHYS 212 PAGE 1 OF 6 ERROR ANALYSIS EXPERIMENTAL ERROR
PHYS 212 PAGE 1 OF 6 ERROR ANALYSIS EXPERIMENTAL ERROR Every measurement is subject to errors. In the simple case of measuring the distance between two points by means of a meter rod, a number of measurements
More informationINTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY Concepts and Critical Thinking
INTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY Concepts and Critical Thinking Sixth Edition by Charles H. Corwin Scientific Measurements by Christopher Hamaker 1 Uncertainty in Measurements A measurement is a number with a unit
More informationChapter 1. Chemical Foundations
Chapter 1 Chemical Foundations Section 1.1 Chemistry: An Overview A main challenge of chemistry is to understand the connection between the macroscopic world that we experience and the microscopic world
More information11.1 Uncertainty and error in measurement (1 Hour) 11.2 Uncertainties in calculated results (0.5 Hour) 11.3 Graphical techniques (0.
Chapter 11 Measurement and Data Processing Page 1 Students are to read and complete any part that requires answers and will submit this assignment on the first day of class. You may use internet sources
More informationAccuracy: An accurate measurement is a measurement.. It. Is the closeness between the result of a measurement and a value of the measured.
Chemical Analysis can be of two types: Chapter 11- Measurement and Data Processing: - : Substances are classified on the basis of their or properties, such as - : The amount of the sample determined in
More informationChapter 1B. Measurement CHAPTER OUTLINE
Chapter 1B Measurement 1 CHAPTER OUTLINE SI Units Scientific Notation Error in Measurements Significant Figures Rounding Off Numbers Conversion of Factors Conversion of Units Volume & Density 2 1 SI UNITS
More informationLaw vs. Theory. Steps in the Scientific Method. Outcomes Over the Long-Term. Measuring Matter in Two Ways
Law vs. Theory A law summarizes what happens A theory (model) is an attempt to explain why it happens. Unit 2: (Chapter 5) Measurements and Calculations Cartoon courtesy of NearingZero.net Steps in the
More informationMeasurement. Scientific Notation. Measurements and Problem Solving. Writing Numbers in Scientific Notation
Measurement Chapter 2 Measurements and Problem Solving Quantitative observation Comparison based on an accepted scale e.g. Meter stick Has 2 parts number and unit Number tells comparison Unit tells scale
More informationRules for Determining Significant Digits
Significant Figures Name: Per: aka: Significant Digits Certain Digits: Numbers you are sure of. Uncertain Digits: Last number is an estimate. Certain Digits & Uncertain digits Measurement made with instruments
More informationDo Now: Use the ruler below to answer the following questions
Chemistry Ms. Ye Name Date Block Do Now: Use the ruler below to answer the following questions 1. What is each tick mark worth on the ruler? 2. When measuring, to which decimal place should you estimate
More informationMeasurement and Significant Figures AP CHEMISTRY. Textbook: Chemistry by Zumdahl & Zumdahl, 9th edition, Instructor: Mrs.
AP CHEMISTRY Textbook: Chemistry by Zumdahl & Zumdahl, 9th edition, 2014. Instructor: Mrs. Beth Smith Ch 1 Chemical Foundations Big Idea 1: The chemical elements are fundamental building materials of matter
More informationHigher Unit 9 topic test
Name: Higher Unit 9 topic test Date: Time: 45 minutes Total marks available: 41 Total marks achieved: Questions Q1. (a) (i) Factorise x 2 12x + 27... (ii) Solve the equation x 2 12x + 27 = 0 (b) Factorise
More informationChemistry 11. Unit 2 : Introduction to Chemistry
Chemistry 11 Unit 2 : Introduction to Chemistry 1 2 1. Unit conversion In Chemistry 11 and 12, a mathematical method called Unit Conversions will be used extensively. This method uses CONVERSION FACTORS
More informationMATH Dr. Halimah Alshehri Dr. Halimah Alshehri
MATH 1101 haalshehri@ksu.edu.sa 1 Introduction To Number Systems First Section: Binary System Second Section: Octal Number System Third Section: Hexadecimal System 2 Binary System 3 Binary System The binary
More informationChapter 3 Experimental Error
Chapter 3 Experimental Error Homework Due Friday January 27 Problems: 3-2, 3-5, 3-9, 3-10, 3-11, 3-12, 3-14, 3-19 Chapter 3 Experimental Error Uncertainties They are everywhere!! We need to learn to understand
More informationChemistry 11. Unit 2: Introduction to Chemistry. Measurement tools Graphing Scientific notation Unit conversions Density Significant figures
Chemistry 11 Unit 2: Introduction to Chemistry Measurement tools Graphing Scientific notation Unit conversions Density Significant figures Book 1: Measuring and Recording Scientific Data Name: Block: 1
More informationIn Class Activity. Chem 107 Cypress College
In Class Activity Chem 107 Cypress College Metric System Give the metric prefix that corresponds to each of the following: a. 1,000,000 b. 10 6 c. 10-3 d. 10-2 e. 10-9 f. 0.000001 Metric System The metric
More informationIntroductory Chemistry: A Foundation, 6 th Ed. Introductory Chemistry, 6 th Ed. Basic Chemistry, 6 th Ed.
Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation, 6 th Ed. Introductory Chemistry, 6 th Ed. Basic Chemistry, 6 th Ed. by Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste University of Illinois Chapter 2 Measurements and Calculations
More informationTopic 2 Measurement and Calculations in Chemistry
Topic Measurement and Calculations in Chemistry Nature of Measurement Quantitative observation consisting of two parts. number scale (unit) Examples 0 grams 6.63 10 34 joule seconds The Fundamental SI
More informationTopic 1.2 Measurement and Uncertainties Uncertainty and error in measurement. Random Errors
Uncertainty and error in measurement Random Errors Definition of Random Error Random errors are sources of uncertainties in the measurement, whose effect can be reduced by a repeated experiment, and taking
More informationChem 115 POGIL Worksheet - Week 1 Units, Measurement Uncertainty, and Significant Figures - Solutions
Chem 115 POGIL Worksheet - Week 1 Units, Measurement Uncertainty, and Significant Figures - Solutions Key Questions & Exercises 1. Give the names and their abbreviations for the SI units of length, mass,
More informationAP Chemistry A Review of Analytical Chemistry
AP Chemistry A Review of Analytical Chemistry AP Chemistry Ch 1 (Prentice Hall) What Temperature Do You Read? A measurement always has some amount of uncertainty To indicate the uncertainty of a single
More information7.5 MULTIPLYING DECIMALS
7.5 MULTIPLYING DECIMALS MEASUREMENT REVIEW AND EXTENSION Knowing the number of significant figures is critical in scientific measurement. Every measuring tool has a level or degree of precision and this
More informationMeasurement Year 10. The topic Measurement includes units because any size has no meaning without the units. Every answer must include the units used.
Measurement Year 10 The topic Measurement includes units because any size has no meaning without the units. Every answer must include the units used. Precision and Estimation In general students should
More informationIB Physics (HL) Student Guide for Measurement Error and Uncertainty Analysis. Ballston Spa High School
IB Physics (HL) Student Guide for Measurement Error and Uncertainty Analysis Ballston Spa High School Error & Uncertainty No measurement is ever perfectly exact or perfectly correct; every measurement
More informationScientific Measurement
A measurement is a quantity that has both a number and a unit Some numbers encountered in science can be either very large or very small We use scientific notation to make those numbers easier to work
More informationDimensional Analysis, SI Units & Significant figures
Dimensional Analysis, SI Units & Significant figures WHAT IS CHEMISTRY The study of matter, its composition, structure, properties, and the changes it undergoes & energy changes associated with it. Scientific
More informationSIGNIFICANT FIGURES. x 100%
Page 1 SIGNIFICANT FIGURES ASSIGNED READING: Zumdahal, et.al, Chemistry (10 th ed.), Chapter 1, Sec. 4 and 5. I. Accuracy and Precision It is important to remember, here at the outset of this course, that
More informationChapter 2 - Measurements and Calculations
Chapter 2 - Measurements and Calculations 2-1 The Scientific Method "A logical approach to solving problems by observing and collecting data, formulating hypotheses, testing hypotheses, and formulating
More informationMethods and Tools of Physics
Methods and Tools of Physics Order of Magnitude Estimation: Essential idea: Scientists aim towards designing experiments that can give a true value from their measurements, but due to the limited precision
More information2_SigDigs.notebook. September 12, Tumble Buggy Speeds... Dynamics Cart Speeds...
Tumble Buggy Speeds... Dynamics Cart Speeds... 1 Working with Measurements in Science in science our numbers cannot be exact. we never express measurements as exact values. (Measurements from last class.)
More informationUsing Scientific Measurements
Section 3 Main Ideas Accuracy is different from precision. Significant figures are those measured precisely, plus one estimated digit. Scientific notation is used to express very large or very small numbers.
More informationEngineering Fundamentals and Problem Solving, 6e. Chapter 6 Engineering Measurements
Engineering Fundamentals and Problem Solving, 6e Chapter 6 Engineering Measurements Chapter Objectives Determine the number of significant digits in a measurement Perform numerical computations with measured
More informationLecture 3. - all digits that are certain plus one which contains some uncertainty are said to be significant figures
Lecture 3 SIGNIFICANT FIGURES e.g. - all digits that are certain plus one which contains some uncertainty are said to be significant figures 10.07 ml 0.1007 L 4 significant figures 0.10070 L 5 significant
More informationSPH3U UNIVERSITY PHYSICS
SPH3U UNIVERSITY PHYSICS REVIEW: MATH SKILLS L (P.651; 653) Many people believe that all measurements are reliable (consistent over many trials), precise (to as many decimal places as possible), and accurate
More informationChapter 2 - Analyzing Data
Chapter 2 - Analyzing Data Section 1: Units and Measurements Section 2: Scientific Notation and Dimensional Analysis Section 3: Uncertainty in Data Section 4: Representing Data Chemists collect and analyze
More informationA.0 SF s-uncertainty-accuracy-precision
A.0 SF s-uncertainty-accuracy-precision Objectives: Determine the #SF s in a measurement Round a calculated answer to the correct #SF s Round a calculated answer to the correct decimal place Calculate
More informationMeasurement Year 11. Rounding
Measurement Year 11 Rounding Do not round early. Students should carry all decimal places in working until the end of their calculations. They should then give their answers sensibly rounded. An answer
More informationTHE GRAMMAR AND ETIQUETTE OF SCIENTIFIC MATH
THE GRAMMAR AND ETIQUETTE OF SCIENTIFIC MATH You can be a mathematician without a lot of science However, you can t be a scientist without math T.Webb HHS Part 1 - Terminology in Basic Data Analysis Quantitative
More informationECE 102 Engineering Computation
ECE 102 Engineering Computation Phillip Wong Error Analysis Accuracy vs. Precision Significant Figures Systematic and Random Errors Basic Error Analysis Physical measurements are never exact. Uncertainty
More informationRight Side NOTES ONLY. TN Ch 2.1, 2.3 Topic: EQ:
CH 2 MEASUREMENTS Title and Highlight Right Side NOTES ONLY TN Ch 2.1, 2.3 Topic: EQ: Date Reflect Question: Reflect on the material by asking a question (its not suppose to be answered from notes) NOTES:
More informationExperimental Uncertainty (Error) and Data Analysis
Experimental Uncertainty (Error) and Data Analysis Advance Study Assignment Please contact Dr. Reuven at yreuven@mhrd.org if you have any questions Read the Theory part of the experiment (pages 2-14) and
More informationIntroduction to 1118 Labs
Name: Partner(s): 1118 section: Desk # Date: Introduction to 1118 Labs Introductory materials are at: www.langaraphysics.com/lab.html. You may find following 3 links useful for this lab: Measurements:
More informationChapter 1. Introduction: Matter and Measurement
Chapter 1 Introduction: Matter and Measurement Steps in the Scientific Method 1. Observations - quantitative - qualitative 2. Formulating hypotheses - possible explanation for the observation 3. Performing
More informationWhat s in a Scientist s Toolbox?
What s in a Scientist s Toolbox? OBJECTIVES After completing this lab you will be able to: Make different kinds of scientific measurements with several common laboratory tools. Use assorted measurement
More informationThe periodic table currently lists 116 different atoms. New atoms are being discovered.
CHEM100 Week 1 Notes Page 1 of 11 Chemistry is the study of matter. Matter is made up of atoms. The periodic table currently lists 116 different atoms. New atoms are being discovered. Atoms consist of
More informationWHAT IS CHEMISTRY? Chemistry 51 Chapter 1. Chemistry is the science that deals with the materials of the universe, and the changes they undergo.
WHAT IS CHEMISTRY? Chemistry is the science that deals with the materials of the universe, and the changes they undergo. Materials of the universe can be of several forms: Gas: Liquid: Solid: air, oxygen
More informationKinematics Unit. Measurement
Kinematics Unit Measurement The Nature of Science Observation: important first step toward scientific theory; requires imagination to tell what is important. Theories: created to explain observations;
More informationFundamentals of data, graphical, and error analysis
Fundamentals of data, graphical, and error analysis. Data measurement and Significant Figures UTC - Physics 030L/040L Whenever we take a measurement, there are limitations to the data and how well we can
More informationQuantity Unit Symbol. Amount of substance mole mol. Energy joule J. Electric current ampere A
Chemistry 11 Unit 1: SI units and unit conversion (Hebden p. 9-40) SI units "Systeme International", or SI Units, is a standardized system of measurement based on internationally agreed definitions. There
More informationTitrations. Method for Titration. N Goalby chemrevise.org 1. Using the pipette
Titrations Titrations are done often to find out the concentration of one substance by reacting it with another substance of known concentration. They are often done with neutralisation reactions, but
More informationPart 1: Matter. Chapter 1: Matter, Measurements, and Calculations. Sections MATTER Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.
Part 1: Matter Chapter 1: Matter, Measurements, and Calculations Sections 1.1-1.4 1 2 MATTER Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. MASS Mass is a measurement of the amount of matter in an
More informationExperiment #1. Math Review
A. Scientific notation and Significant Figures Experiment #1. Math Review While entering a number in scientific notation in your calculator, look for the EE or the exp key on your calculator. For example
More informationPOGIL: Sig Figs in Calculations
Name: Date: Period: Chemistry POGIL: Sig Figs in Calculations WHY? Many of the measurements a scientist makes in lab are further analyzed or used to calculate derived units, such as area, speed, and pressure.
More informationUNIT 1 - STANDARDS AND THEIR MEASUREMENT: Units of Measurement: Base and derived units: Multiple and submultiples of the units: 1
AS Physics 9702 unit 1: Standards and their Measurements 1 UNIT 1 - STANDARDS AND THEIR MEASUREMENT: This unit includes topic 1 and 2 from the CIE syllabus for AS course. Units of Measurement: Measuring
More informationAccuracy of Measurement: how close your measured value is to the actual measurement
Standard: an exact quantity that people use to make measurements Good Example: a meter stick (everyone one knows the length of a meter) Bad Example: Ms. Pluchino s foot (everyone does not know how big
More informationCorner Brook Regional High School
Corner Brook Regional High School Measurement and Calculations Significant Digits Scientific Notation Converting between Units Accuracy vs. Precision Scalar Quantities Distance Calculations Speed Calculations
More informationAP Chemistry Chapter 1: Chemical Foundations. The only thing that matters is Matter!
AP Chemistry Chapter 1: Chemical Foundations The only thing that matters is Matter! The Scientific Method 1. Observations (collecting data) -quantitative or qualitative 2. Formulating hypothesis - possible
More informationHW #1: 1.42, 1.52, 1.54, 1.64, 1.66, 1.70, 1.76, 1.78, 1.80, 1.82, 1.84, 1.86, 1.92, 1.94, 1.98, 1.106, 1.110, 1.116
Chemistry 121 Lecture 3: Physical Quantities Measuring Mass, Length, and Volume; Measurement and Significant Figures; Scientific Notation; Rounding Review Sections 1.7-1.11 in McMurry, Ballantine, et.
More informationCh 3. EXPERIMENTAL ERROR
Ch 3. EXPERIMENTAL ERROR 3.1 Measurement data how accurate? TRUE VALUE? No way to obtain the only way is approaching toward the true value. (how reliable?) How ACCURATE How REPRODUCIBLE accuracy precision
More informationSignificant Figures And The Density Of Water - Version 1.5
Significant Figures And The Density Of Water - Version 1.5 Michael J. Vitarelli Jr. Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854 I. INTRODUCTION
More information2 ways to write the same number: 6,500: standard form 6.5 x 10 3 : scientific notation
greater than or equal to one, and less than 10 positive exponents: numbers greater than 1 negative exponents: numbers less than 1, (> 0) (fractions) 2 ways to write the same number: 6,500: standard form
More informationUncertainty in Measurements
Uncertainty in Measurements! Two kinds of numbers " Exact! counted values " 2 dogs " 26 letters " 3 brothers! defined numbers " 12 inches per foot " 1000 g per kilogram " 2.54 cm per inch Metric Practice!
More information