CHAPTER 7. Definition and Properties. of Laplace Transforms
|
|
- Stanley Mosley
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 SERIES OF CLSS NOTES FOR 5-6 TO INTRODUCE LINER ND NONLINER PROBLEMS TO ENGINEERS, SCIENTISTS, ND PPLIED MTHEMTICINS DE CLSS NOTES COLLECTION OF HNDOUTS ON SCLR LINER ORDINRY DIFFERENTIL EQUTIONS (ODE") CHPTER 7 Definiion and Properie of Laplace Tranform. Compuaion of he Laplace Tranform Uing he Definiion. Parial Table of (Indefinie) Inegral (niderivaive) 3. Properie of he Laplace Tranform: Lineariy 4. Oher Properie of he Laplace Tranform 5. Parial Table of Laplace Tranform You Mu Memorize 6. Exra Homework Shee on Laplace Tranform Ch. 7 Pg.
2 Laplace Tranform- COMPUTTION OF THE LPLCE Handou # TRNSFORM USING THE DEFINITION Profeor Moeley Read he inroducion and Secion 6. of Chaper 6 of ex (Elem. Diff. Eq. and BVP by Boyce and Diprima, evenh ed.). Pay paricular aenion o Example -6 page REVIEW OF IMPROPER INTEGRLS. The Laplace ranform i defined a an improper inegral. Hence we begin wih a brief review of improper inegral. DEFINITION #. f()d = lim f()d provided he limi exi. c = c EXMPLE #. Compue d Soluion. = = = d lim d lim (ln ) = lim (ln - ln ) = lim (ln ) = (Increae wihou bound and hence he limi doe no exi) EXMPLE #. Compue d where p >. p -p Soluion. d = lim d = lim d = p p = = -p lim ( / (- p)) = lim ( -p -p = = p p ) lim ( -p p p - ) p - Recall ha hee improper inegral, ogeher wih he inegral e, imply he divergence of he harmonic erie and he convergence of he p erie if p >. n n p n DEFINITION # (Laplace Tranform). Le I = [,) and f:i R. Then he Laplace Tranform of f() i he funcion F() {f()} = F() = f() e d () provided he improper inegral exi. (Sufficien condiion for he Laplace Tranform o exi are given below.) Since i arbirary, he Laplace ranform map a given funcion f() in he n Ch. 7 Pg.
3 funcion pace we will denoe by T (ime domain) o he funcion F() in he funcion pace of all Laplace ranform which we denoe by F (complex frequency domain). EXMPLE# Compue {f()} = F() where f() = for all in [,). {f()} = F() = f() e d = e d = lim d = =. lim EXMPLE# Compue {f()} = F() where f() = e a for all in [,). Soluion. We wih o compue {f()} = F() = {e a }. {e a a } = F() = e e d = e a (a-) (a) d = e d = lim e d (a ) = lim e / (a ) = = = lim e (a ) (a) e = if a - < ( > a) a - a - a We begin a able of Laplace Tranform imilar o having a able of aniderivaive. PRTIL TBLE OF LPLCE TRNSFORMS Time Domain (Complex) Frequency Domain f() F() > e a /(-a) > a SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS FOR THE IMPROPER INTEGRL TO EXIST. To inure ha he improper inegral f() e d exi, we mu fir inure ha he proper inegral f() e d exi for all poiive real number. good ar i o recall ha coninuou funcion are inegrable: THEOREM. Le f be a real valued funcion of a real variable whoe domain include he cloed inerval I = [α,β]. Suppoe ha f i coninuou on I. Then he Riemann Inegral Ch. 7 Pg. 3
4 f() d and f() e d (4) boh exi. (Since produc of coninuou funcion are coninuou, if f i coninuou on [α,β], hen o i f() e for all value of.) However, we would like o conider a larger cla of funcion where he Riemann inegral exi. DEFINITION #3. funcion f i aid o be piecewie coninuou on a cloed finie inerval I = [α,β] if he inerval can be pariioned by a finie number of poin α = < < <... < n = β, o ha:. F i coninuou on each of he open ubinerval I n = ( i-, i ) i =,,...,n.. f approache a finie limi a he end poin of each ubinerval are approached from wihin he ubinerval; ha i he limi: lim f(), lim f(), i =,,..., n, all exi. i i EXMPLE. Le f:ir where I=[,5] be defined a follow: ( ) f() \ / \)) ))) / * *)))))))) )))))))))))) CLSS EXERCISE True or Fale. f i coninuou on (,3].. f i coninuou on [,3]. 3. f i coninuou on [3,5]. 4. f i piecewie coninuou on [,5]. 5. f i piecewie coninuou on [,3]. 6. f i piecewie coninuou on [,3]. THEOREM #. Sum and produc of piecewie coninuou funcion are piecewie coninuou. Ch. 7 Pg. 4
5 lo calar muliple of piecewie coninuou funcion are alo piecewie coninuou funcion. THEOREM #3. The e of piecewie coninuou funcion on he cloed inerval I = [α,β], denoed by PC( I ) = PC[α,β], i a ubpace of he vecor pace F( I ) of all real valued funcion on he cloed inerval I. In mahemaical (and phyical) problem he value of a piecewie coninuou funcion a he poin of diconinuiy uually doe no maer and we uually do no wih o diinguih beween wo piecewie coninuou funcion ha differ only a heir poin of diconinuiy. One way o eliminae he diincion beween wo piecewie coninuou funcion ha differ only a heir poin of diconinuiy i o ue he concep of an equivalence cla. (Look up he definiion of an equivalence relaion in a modern algebra ex.) ll piecewie coninuou funcion ha differ only a heir poin of diconinuiy are aid o be in he ame equivalence cla and we perform Laplace ranformaion on equivalence clae of funcion. n eaier way concepually i o imply pecify a unique funcion in each equivalence cla which we place in a new e we call PC a [α,β] (a i for average). Le fpc[α,β]. If f i diconinuou a α, hen redefine f(α) a f(α) = lim f(). Similarly, if f i diconinuou a β, redefine f(β) a f(β) = lim f(). any oher poin of diconinuiy le f(x) = [f(x) + f(x+)]/ where f() = lim f(h) and f(x+) = lim f(). Since he new f only differ from he old f a he poin of h h diconinuiy, hey are in he ame equivalence cla. (There i a mo one coninuo funcion in each equivalence cla.) Le PC a [α,β] be he e of all uch funcion (a and for average value). We ee ha we have exacly one funcion from each equivalence cla. lo, if we add uch funcion ogeher, we ge uch a funcion. Such funcion are alo cloed under calar muliplicaion. Hence hey form a ubpace of PC[α,β], bu each having unique value a he poin of diconinuiy. THEOREM #4. Le f be a real valued funcion of a real variable whoe domain include he cloed inerval [α,β]. Suppoe ha f i piecewie coninuou on I. Then he Riemann Inegral f() d and f() e d boh exi. lo, if fpc a [α,β], hen f() d = for all x[α,β] implie ha f() = for all [α,β]; ha i, he zero funcion i he only funcion in PC a [α,β] wih hi propery. (Such funcion are called null funcion and we wih he zero funcion o be he only null funcion in our funcion pace.) DEFINITION #4. If he domain of a funcion i [,), and f PC[,] >, hen we ay f i piecewie coninuou on [,). If for all >, f PC a [,], hen f PC a [,). THEOREM #5. The e of piecewie coninuou funcion on I = [,), denoed by PC[,) i a ubpace of he e of all real valued funcion on I. PC a [,) i a ubpace of PC[,). x Ch. 7 Pg. 5
6 To inure ha he Laplace ranform exi, we no only need for he proper inegral on [,] o exi for all, we need for he funcion f() e o grow ufficienly lowly o ha he improper inegral exi. DEFINITION #5. funcion f:[,)r i aid o be of exponenial order if here exi conan K, a, and M uch ha *f()* Ke a M. THEOREM #6. Sum and produc of funcion of exponenial order, are of exponenial order. Noe alo ha calar muliple of funcion of exponenial order are of exponenial order. In fac, THEOREM #7. The e of funcion of exponenial order, denoed by E xp, i a ubpace of he e (I,R) of all real valued funcion on I = [,). THEOREM #8. Suppoe ha ) f i piecewie coninuou on [,); ha i, f i piecewie coninuou on he inerval [,] > and ) f i of exponenial order o ha here exi K, a, and M uch ha *f()* Ke a M, hen he Laplace ranform {f()} = F() = f() e d exi wih domain (a,). i.e. for > a. THEOREM #9. PC[,) E xp i a ubpace of T. So i T pcexp = PC a [,) E xp. EXMPLE #3 Compue {f()} = F() where f() = for. Soluion. We wih o compue {f()} = F() = {}. = {e a lim e / ( ) } = f() e d = lim e d = = = = lim e = if - < ( > ) lim e () e We coninue our able of Laplace Tranform. Ch. 7 Pg. 6
7 PRTIL TBLE OF LPLCE TRNSFORMS Time Domain (Complex) Frequency Domain f() F() > e a /(-a) > a / > Noe ha he new enry i ju a pecial cae of he old enry, e a, wih a =. EXMPLE #4 Compue {f()} = F() where f() = in(a) for. Soluion. We wih o compue {f()} = F() = {in(a)}. {in(a)} = [in (a)] e d = lim [in (a)] e d = We fir compue he aniderivaive (or look i up in a able) Compuaion of he niderivaive Ue inegraion by par. Le e in a e a co a e in a e a co a I = in(a) e d = d = + d u = in(a) dv = e du = a co(a) v = e /() Bu co(a) e d = e co a - e a in a e co a e a in a d = d u = co(a ) dv = e du = -a in(a) v = e /(-) Hence e in a a e in a e co a e a in a I = + co(a) e d = + [ d ] a e in a e co a a e in a e co a a = + [ I ] = I Hence a e in a e co a + a e in a e co a I + I = o ha I =, - e in a - a e co a ( + a ) I = e in(a) a e co(a) and hence I =. a Back o compuing he Laplace Tranform a Ch. 7 Pg. 7
8 F() = {in(a)} = lim - e in a - a e co a a () () - e in a - a e co a - e in a() - a e co a() = lim a a - e co a - a e co a a a = lim = >. a a a We coninue our able of Laplace Tranform. PRTIL TBLE OF LPLCE TRNSFORMS Time Domain (Complex) Frequency Domain f() F() > e a /(-a) > a / > in(a) a a > EXERCISES on Compuaion of he Laplace Tranform Uing he Definiion EXERCISE#. Provide a more rigorou aemen of Theorem # for funcion defined on he cloed inerval I = [α,β]. EXERCISE #. Provide a more rigorou aemen of Theorem #6 by including pecific. Ch. 7 Pg. 8
9 Laplace Tranform- PRTIL TBLE OF NTIDERIVTIVES Handou # (INDEFINITE) INTEGRLS Profeor Moeley Ch. 7 Pg. 9
10 Laplace Tranform- PROPERTIES OF LPLCE TRNSFORMS: Handou #3 LINERITY Profeor Moeley Read he inroducion and Secion 6. of Chaper 6 of ex (Elem. Diff. Eq. and BVP by Boyce and Diprima, evenh ed.) again. Pay paricular aenion o Example -6 page Pay pecial aenion o he paragraph afer Example 6, in paricular Equaion (5). The e T = { f:[,)r * f ha a Laplace ranform } i a ubpace of he funcion pace ([,),R) vecor pace and hence i a vecor pace in i own righ. We have een ha he e T pcexp = PC[,) E xp = { f T : f i piecewie coninuou on [,) and of exponenial order } i a ubpace of T and hence a vecor pace in i own righ. THEOREM #. The Laplace ranform {f()} = f() e d = F() () i a linear operaor acing on he vecor pace T Proof: To verify ha i a linear operaor from T o F, we fir ae he definiion of a linear operaor. Definiion. n operaor T:V W (which map he vecor pace V o he vecor pace W) i aid o be linear if, V and calar α,β we have x x y y x y T(α + β ) = α T( ) + β T( ). () pplying () o we ee ha o how ha i i a linear operaor, we wih o verify he ideniy: {c f () + c f ()} = c {f ()} + c {f ()} c, c R, f, f T (3) We ue he andard forma for proving ideniie. Le c,c R and f,f T STTEMENT. {c f ()+c f ()}= [c f (x) c f (x)]e dx RESON. Def n. of Laplace Tran. = lim [c f (x) c f (x)]e dx Def n. of Improper Inegral = lim c [f (x)]e dx c [f (x)]e dx Propery of Riemann Inegral Ch. 7 Pg.
11 = lim c [f (x)]e dx lim c [f (x)]e dx Propery of Limi = c [f (x)]e dx c [f (x)]e dx Def n. of Improper Inegral = c { f () }+ c {f ()} Def n.of Laplace ranform QED. Thu if f() i a linear combinaion of funcion: f() = c f () + c f (), hen i Laplace ranform F() i a linear combinaion of ranform: F() = c F () + c F () where {f()} = F(), {f ()} = F (), and {f ()} = F (). We can ue lineariy o compue he ranform of linear combinaion of funcion in our able. EXMPLE # Compue {f()} = F() where f() = 3 e in() for. Soluion. We wih o compue {f()} = F() = { 3 e in()}. { 3 e in() } = 3 { e 3 }+ 5 {in() } = When dealing wih Laplace ranform, i i uually no neceary or deirable o find a common 3 5 denominaor. However, imple arihmeic i expeced: F() = +. 3 EXERCISES on Properie of Laplace Tranform: Lineariy EXERCISES. Uing he able compued o far, find F() = {f()}() if a) f() = 4 e b) f() = 4 e e c) f() = 8 e e in(3) Ch. 7 Pg.
12 Laplace Tranform- OTHER PROPERTIES OF Handou No. 4 THE LPLCE TRNSFORM Profeor Moeley Read Secion of Chaper 6 of ex (Elem. Diff. Eq. and BVP by Boyce and Diprima, evenh ed.). Pay paricular aenion o Theorem 6.. on page 3, he Corollary on page 3, Theorem 6.3. on page 3, and Theorem 6.3. on page 33. THEOREM # Suppoe f T pcexp ; ha i, f i piecewie coninuou on [,] >, and of exponenial order o ha T,M and σ uch ha *f()*< Me σ >T. Then each of he following properie hold: d ) { f() } = { f() }(), > σ, d ) { e a f(r) } = { f() }(-a), > σ, Shifing propery, r 3) { f(r)dr } = { f() }(), r > σ, If in addiion, f i coninuou and f' piecewie coninuou on [,),hen 4) { f'() } = { f() } - f(), > σ. More generally, if f, f',..., f (n-), are coninuou on [,) and of exponenial order, and f (n) i piecewie coninuou on [,), hen 5) { f (n) () } = n { f() } ) n- f() ) f (n-) () ) f (n-) (), > σ. Specifically 6) { f"() } = { f() } - f() - f'(), > σ. Proof. Thee are all ideniie and can be verified uing he andard forma. We prove only ). ) hrough 6) are lef a exercie. For ) we ar wih he righ hand ide (RHS) STTEMENT. RESON. d d { f() }() = f()e d > σ Definiion of he Laplace Tranform d d d = lim f()e d > σ Definiion of an Improper Inegral d = lim d f()e d > σ Propery of limi and derivaive from d advanced analyi: The limi and derivaive can be wiched under cerain condiion. = lim > σ Propery of derivaive and inegral from advanced f()e d analyi. Derivaive and inegral can be wiched under cerain condiion. Derivaive become parial. Ch. 7 Pg.
13 = lim (-)f()e d > σ Propery of parial derivaive = lim f()e d > σ Properie of inegral and limi = f()e d > σ Definiion of improper inegral = { f() } Definiion of Laplace Tranform Q.E.D. EXMPLE # Compue {f()} = F() where f() = for. Soluion. We wih o compue {f()} = F() = { }. STTEMENT. RESON. { } = { () } lgebra d = ( { } ) d Par ) of heorem above d = ( ) ) d From he TBLE { } = d = - d lgebra = ( ) - Calculu = lgebra Similarly we can compue > 3 (3)() 3! 3 = > 4 4 nd by mahemaical inducion we can prove ha n! n > n+ We coninue he developmen of our able of Laplace Tranform. Ch. 7 Pg. 3
14 PRTIL TBLE OF LPLCE TRNSFORMS Time Domain (Complex) Frequency Domain f() F() > e a /(-a) > a / > in(a) a a > > > 3 (3)() 3! 3 = > 4 4 n! n > n+ Now by uing he lineariy of he Laplace Tranform, we can compue he ranform for any polynomial. EXMPLE # Compue {f()} = F() where f() = for. Soluion. We wih o compue {f()} = F() = { }. STTEMENT. RESON. { } = 3 { } + 5 { } + 7 { } Lineariy of Laplace Tranform = Table of known Laplace Tranform = lgebra We can ue Theorem # o obain oher ranform pair: EXMPLE #3 Compue {f()} = F() where f() = in(a) for. Soluion. We wih o compue {f()} = F() = { in(a) }. Ch. 7 Pg. 4
15 STTEMENT. RESON. d { in(a) } = ( { in(a) } ) d Par ) of heorem above d a = From he TBLE { in(a) } = d a d = lgebra d a a = a ( ) ( + a ) - () Calculu = a a lgebra EXMPLE #4 Compue {f()} = F() where f() = e a in(ω) for. Soluion. We wih o compue {f()} = F() = { e a in(ω) }. a a STTEMENT. RESON. { e a in(ω) } = { in(ω) }( - a ) Par ) of heorem above = (- a) From he TBLE {in(ω) } = EXMPLE #5 Compue {f()} = F() where f() = co(ω) for. Soluion. We wih o compue {f()} = F() = { co(ω) }. We will ue propery in( ) d in( ) 4): { f'() } = { f() } - f() wih f() = o ha f() = = co(ω). d in( ) in( ( ) ) in( ) Hence { co(ω) } = { } = { }= = We coninue he developmen of our able of Laplace Tranform. Ch. 7 Pg. 5
16 PRTIL TBLE OF LPLCE TRNSFORMS Time Domain (Complex) Frequency Domain f() F() > e a /(-a) > a / > in(a) a a > > > 3 3! 3 > 4 n! n > n+ a in(a) > a e a in(ω) co(ω) (- a) > a Ch. 7 Pg. 6
17 Laplace ranform TBLE OF LPLCE TRNSFORMS Handou No. 5 TO BE MEMORIZED Profeor Moeley lhough i i no reaonable o memorize all Laplace Tranform pair, i i reaonable o memorize he mo common one. Below i a li of he Laplace Tranform pair you mu memorize. f() F(S) = {f()}() Domain of F() )) > o )) > o )) 3 > o n n n! )) n+ > o e a )) a > a in(ω) co(ω) ω )))) + ω )))) + ω > o > o e a in(ω) e a co(ω) ω )))) ( a) + ω > a -a ))))) ( a) + ω > a Ch. 7 Pg. 7
18 EXERCISES on Oher Properie of he Laplace Tranform EXERCISE # Uing a Table and Your Knowledge find F() = {f()}() if ) f() = ) f() = (+) 3) f() = in }Hin: Ue rig ideniie 4) f() = in (3) 5) f() = e 3 6) f() = e - 7) f() = e - co 3 Ch. 7 Pg. 8
EECE 301 Signals & Systems Prof. Mark Fowler
EECE 31 Signal & Syem Prof. Mark Fowler Noe Se #27 C-T Syem: Laplace Tranform Power Tool for yem analyi Reading Aignmen: Secion 6.1 6.3 of Kamen and Heck 1/18 Coure Flow Diagram The arrow here how concepual
More informationLaplace Transform. Inverse Laplace Transform. e st f(t)dt. (2)
Laplace Tranform Maoud Malek The Laplace ranform i an inegral ranform named in honor of mahemaician and aronomer Pierre-Simon Laplace, who ued he ranform in hi work on probabiliy heory. I i a powerful
More informationt is a basis for the solution space to this system, then the matrix having these solutions as columns, t x 1 t, x 2 t,... x n t x 2 t...
Mah 228- Fri Mar 24 5.6 Marix exponenials and linear sysems: The analogy beween firs order sysems of linear differenial equaions (Chaper 5) and scalar linear differenial equaions (Chaper ) is much sronger
More informationChapter 6. Laplace Transforms
Chaper 6. Laplace Tranform Kreyzig by YHLee;45; 6- An ODE i reduced o an algebraic problem by operaional calculu. The equaion i olved by algebraic manipulaion. The reul i ranformed back for he oluion of
More informationChapter 6. Laplace Transforms
6- Chaper 6. Laplace Tranform 6.4 Shor Impule. Dirac Dela Funcion. Parial Fracion 6.5 Convoluion. Inegral Equaion 6.6 Differeniaion and Inegraion of Tranform 6.7 Syem of ODE 6.4 Shor Impule. Dirac Dela
More informationMATH 4330/5330, Fourier Analysis Section 6, Proof of Fourier s Theorem for Pointwise Convergence
MATH 433/533, Fourier Analysis Secion 6, Proof of Fourier s Theorem for Poinwise Convergence Firs, some commens abou inegraing periodic funcions. If g is a periodic funcion, g(x + ) g(x) for all real x,
More informationTo become more mathematically correct, Circuit equations are Algebraic Differential equations. from KVL, KCL from the constitutive relationship
Laplace Tranform (Lin & DeCarlo: Ch 3) ENSC30 Elecric Circui II The Laplace ranform i an inegral ranformaion. I ranform: f ( ) F( ) ime variable complex variable From Euler > Lagrange > Laplace. Hence,
More information18.03SC Unit 3 Practice Exam and Solutions
Sudy Guide on Sep, Dela, Convoluion, Laplace You can hink of he ep funcion u() a any nice mooh funcion which i for < a and for > a, where a i a poiive number which i much maller han any ime cale we care
More informationFinish reading Chapter 2 of Spivak, rereading earlier sections as necessary. handout and fill in some missing details!
MAT 257, Handou 6: Ocober 7-2, 20. I. Assignmen. Finish reading Chaper 2 of Spiva, rereading earlier secions as necessary. handou and fill in some missing deails! II. Higher derivaives. Also, read his
More informationSMT 2014 Calculus Test Solutions February 15, 2014 = 3 5 = 15.
SMT Calculus Tes Soluions February 5,. Le f() = and le g() =. Compue f ()g (). Answer: 5 Soluion: We noe ha f () = and g () = 6. Then f ()g () =. Plugging in = we ge f ()g () = 6 = 3 5 = 5.. There is a
More informationChallenge Problems. DIS 203 and 210. March 6, (e 2) k. k(k + 2). k=1. f(x) = k(k + 2) = 1 x k
Challenge Problems DIS 03 and 0 March 6, 05 Choose one of he following problems, and work on i in your group. Your goal is o convince me ha your answer is correc. Even if your answer isn compleely correc,
More informationChapter 7: Inverse-Response Systems
Chaper 7: Invere-Repone Syem Normal Syem Invere-Repone Syem Baic Sar ou in he wrong direcion End up in he original eady-ae gain value Two or more yem wih differen magniude and cale in parallel Main yem
More informationOn the Exponential Operator Functions on Time Scales
dvance in Dynamical Syem pplicaion ISSN 973-5321, Volume 7, Number 1, pp. 57 8 (212) hp://campu.m.edu/ada On he Exponenial Operaor Funcion on Time Scale laa E. Hamza Cairo Univeriy Deparmen of Mahemaic
More informationPiecewise-Defined Functions and Periodic Functions
28 Piecewie-Defined Funcion and Periodic Funcion A he ar of our udy of he Laplace ranform, i wa claimed ha he Laplace ranform i paricularly ueful when dealing wih nonhomogeneou equaion in which he forcing
More informationChapter 2. First Order Scalar Equations
Chaper. Firs Order Scalar Equaions We sar our sudy of differenial equaions in he same way he pioneers in his field did. We show paricular echniques o solve paricular ypes of firs order differenial equaions.
More information6.8 Laplace Transform: General Formulas
48 HAP. 6 Laplace Tranform 6.8 Laplace Tranform: General Formula Formula Name, ommen Sec. F() l{ f ()} e f () d f () l {F()} Definiion of Tranform Invere Tranform 6. l{af () bg()} al{f ()} bl{g()} Lineariy
More informationCHAPTER. Forced Equations and Systems { } ( ) ( ) 8.1 The Laplace Transform and Its Inverse. Transforms from the Definition.
CHAPTER 8 Forced Equaion and Syem 8 The aplace Tranform and I Invere Tranform from he Definiion 5 5 = b b {} 5 = 5e d = lim5 e = ( ) b {} = e d = lim e + e d b = (inegraion by par) = = = = b b ( ) ( )
More informationdt = C exp (3 ln t 4 ). t 4 W = C exp ( ln(4 t) 3) = C(4 t) 3.
Mah Rahman Exam Review Soluions () Consider he IVP: ( 4)y 3y + 4y = ; y(3) = 0, y (3) =. (a) Please deermine he longes inerval for which he IVP is guaraneed o have a unique soluion. Soluion: The disconinuiies
More informationExponential Sawtooth
ECPE 36 HOMEWORK 3: PROPERTIES OF THE FOURIER TRANSFORM SOLUTION. Exponenial Sawooh: The eaie way o do hi problem i o look a he Fourier ranform of a ingle exponenial funcion, () = exp( )u(). From he able
More informationCONTROL SYSTEMS. Chapter 3 Mathematical Modelling of Physical Systems-Laplace Transforms. Prof.Dr. Fatih Mehmet Botsalı
CONTROL SYSTEMS Chaper Mahemaical Modelling of Phyical Syem-Laplace Tranform Prof.Dr. Faih Mehme Boalı Definiion Tranform -- a mahemaical converion from one way of hinking o anoher o make a problem eaier
More informationChapter 6. Systems of First Order Linear Differential Equations
Chaper 6 Sysems of Firs Order Linear Differenial Equaions We will only discuss firs order sysems However higher order sysems may be made ino firs order sysems by a rick shown below We will have a sligh
More informationSections 2.2 & 2.3 Limit of a Function and Limit Laws
Mah 80 www.imeodare.com Secions. &. Limi of a Funcion and Limi Laws In secion. we saw how is arise when we wan o find he angen o a curve or he velociy of an objec. Now we urn our aenion o is in general
More informationThe Asymptotic Behavior of Nonoscillatory Solutions of Some Nonlinear Dynamic Equations on Time Scales
Advances in Dynamical Sysems and Applicaions. ISSN 0973-5321 Volume 1 Number 1 (2006, pp. 103 112 c Research India Publicaions hp://www.ripublicaion.com/adsa.hm The Asympoic Behavior of Nonoscillaory Soluions
More informationUndetermined coefficients for local fractional differential equations
Available online a www.isr-publicaions.com/jmcs J. Mah. Compuer Sci. 16 (2016), 140 146 Research Aricle Undeermined coefficiens for local fracional differenial equaions Roshdi Khalil a,, Mohammed Al Horani
More informationMon Apr 2: Laplace transform and initial value problems like we studied in Chapter 5
Mah 225-4 Week 2 April 2-6 coninue.-.3; alo cover par of.4-.5, EP 7.6 Mon Apr 2:.-.3 Laplace ranform and iniial value problem like we udied in Chaper 5 Announcemen: Warm-up Exercie: Recall, The Laplace
More informationSection 3.5 Nonhomogeneous Equations; Method of Undetermined Coefficients
Secion 3.5 Nonhomogeneous Equaions; Mehod of Undeermined Coefficiens Key Terms/Ideas: Linear Differenial operaor Nonlinear operaor Second order homogeneous DE Second order nonhomogeneous DE Soluion o homogeneous
More informationChapter 9 - The Laplace Transform
Chaper 9 - The Laplace Tranform Selece Soluion. Skech he pole-zero plo an region of convergence (if i exi) for hee ignal. ω [] () 8 (a) x e u = 8 ROC σ ( ) 3 (b) x e co π u ω [] ( ) () (c) x e u e u ROC
More informationMath 2142 Exam 1 Review Problems. x 2 + f (0) 3! for the 3rd Taylor polynomial at x = 0. To calculate the various quantities:
Mah 4 Eam Review Problems Problem. Calculae he 3rd Taylor polynomial for arcsin a =. Soluion. Le f() = arcsin. For his problem, we use he formula f() + f () + f ()! + f () 3! for he 3rd Taylor polynomial
More informationRepresenting a Signal. Continuous-Time Fourier Methods. Linearity and Superposition. Real and Complex Sinusoids. Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier
Represening a Signal Coninuous-ime ourier Mehods he convoluion mehod for finding he response of a sysem o an exciaion aes advanage of he lineariy and imeinvariance of he sysem and represens he exciaion
More informationMA 214 Calculus IV (Spring 2016) Section 2. Homework Assignment 1 Solutions
MA 14 Calculus IV (Spring 016) Secion Homework Assignmen 1 Soluions 1 Boyce and DiPrima, p 40, Problem 10 (c) Soluion: In sandard form he given firs-order linear ODE is: An inegraing facor is given by
More informationSolutions from Chapter 9.1 and 9.2
Soluions from Chaper 9 and 92 Secion 9 Problem # This basically boils down o an exercise in he chain rule from calculus We are looking for soluions of he form: u( x) = f( k x c) where k x R 3 and k is
More informationMath Week 14 April 16-20: sections first order systems of linear differential equations; 7.4 mass-spring systems.
Mah 2250-004 Week 4 April 6-20 secions 7.-7.3 firs order sysems of linear differenial equaions; 7.4 mass-spring sysems. Mon Apr 6 7.-7.2 Sysems of differenial equaions (7.), and he vecor Calculus we need
More informationBernoulli numbers. Francesco Chiatti, Matteo Pintonello. December 5, 2016
UNIVERSITÁ DEGLI STUDI DI PADOVA, DIPARTIMENTO DI MATEMATICA TULLIO LEVI-CIVITA Bernoulli numbers Francesco Chiai, Maeo Pinonello December 5, 206 During las lessons we have proved he Las Ferma Theorem
More information2. Nonlinear Conservation Law Equations
. Nonlinear Conservaion Law Equaions One of he clear lessons learned over recen years in sudying nonlinear parial differenial equaions is ha i is generally no wise o ry o aack a general class of nonlinear
More information, the. L and the L. x x. max. i n. It is easy to show that these two norms satisfy the following relation: x x n x = (17.3) max
ecure 8 7. Sabiliy Analyi For an n dimenional vecor R n, he and he vecor norm are defined a: = T = i n i (7.) I i eay o how ha hee wo norm aify he following relaion: n (7.) If a vecor i ime-dependen, hen
More informationt )? How would you have tried to solve this problem in Chapter 3?
Exercie 9) Ue Laplace ranform o wrie down he oluion o 2 x x = F in x = x x = v. wha phenomena do oluion o hi DE illurae (even hough we're forcing wih in co )? How would you have ried o olve hi problem
More informationMath 334 Fall 2011 Homework 11 Solutions
Dec. 2, 2 Mah 334 Fall 2 Homework Soluions Basic Problem. Transform he following iniial value problem ino an iniial value problem for a sysem: u + p()u + q() u g(), u() u, u () v. () Soluion. Le v u. Then
More informationFlow networks. Flow Networks. A flow on a network. Flow networks. The maximum-flow problem. Introduction to Algorithms, Lecture 22 December 5, 2001
CS 545 Flow Nework lon Efra Slide courey of Charle Leieron wih mall change by Carola Wenk Flow nework Definiion. flow nework i a direced graph G = (V, E) wih wo diinguihed verice: a ource and a ink. Each
More information6.2 Transforms of Derivatives and Integrals.
SEC. 6.2 Transforms of Derivaives and Inegrals. ODEs 2 3 33 39 23. Change of scale. If l( f ()) F(s) and c is any 33 45 APPLICATION OF s-shifting posiive consan, show ha l( f (c)) F(s>c)>c (Hin: In Probs.
More informationCHAPTER 7: SECOND-ORDER CIRCUITS
EEE5: CI RCUI T THEORY CHAPTER 7: SECOND-ORDER CIRCUITS 7. Inroducion Thi chaper conider circui wih wo orage elemen. Known a econd-order circui becaue heir repone are decribed by differenial equaion ha
More information1 Motivation and Basic Definitions
CSCE : Deign and Analyi of Algorihm Noe on Max Flow Fall 20 (Baed on he preenaion in Chaper 26 of Inroducion o Algorihm, 3rd Ed. by Cormen, Leieron, Rive and Sein.) Moivaion and Baic Definiion Conider
More information23.2. Representing Periodic Functions by Fourier Series. Introduction. Prerequisites. Learning Outcomes
Represening Periodic Funcions by Fourier Series 3. Inroducion In his Secion we show how a periodic funcion can be expressed as a series of sines and cosines. We begin by obaining some sandard inegrals
More informationLAPLACE TRANSFORMS. 1. Basic transforms
LAPLACE TRANSFORMS. Bic rnform In hi coure, Lplce Trnform will be inroduced nd heir properie exmined; ble of common rnform will be buil up; nd rnform will be ued o olve ome dierenil equion by rnforming
More informationCHAPTER 9. Inverse Transform and. Solution to the Initial Value Problem
A SERIES OF CLASS NOTES FOR 005-006 TO INTRODUCE LINEAR AND NONLINEAR PROBLEMS TO ENGINEERS, SCIENTISTS, AND APPLIED MATHEMATICIANS DE CLASS NOTES A COLLECTION OF HANDOUTS ON SCALAR LINEAR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL
More informationu(t) Figure 1. Open loop control system
Open loop conrol v cloed loop feedbac conrol The nex wo figure preen he rucure of open loop and feedbac conrol yem Figure how an open loop conrol yem whoe funcion i o caue he oupu y o follow he reference
More informationLAPLACE TRANSFORM AND TRANSFER FUNCTION
CHBE320 LECTURE V LAPLACE TRANSFORM AND TRANSFER FUNCTION Professor Dae Ryook Yang Spring 2018 Dep. of Chemical and Biological Engineering 5-1 Road Map of he Lecure V Laplace Transform and Transfer funcions
More informationAn random variable is a quantity that assumes different values with certain probabilities.
Probabiliy The probabiliy PrA) of an even A is a number in [, ] ha represens how likely A is o occur. The larger he value of PrA), he more likely he even is o occur. PrA) means he even mus occur. PrA)
More informationExample on p. 157
Example 2.5.3. Le where BV [, 1] = Example 2.5.3. on p. 157 { g : [, 1] C g() =, g() = g( + ) [, 1), var (g) = sup g( j+1 ) g( j ) he supremum is aken over all he pariions of [, 1] (1) : = < 1 < < n =
More informationProblem Set If all directed edges in a network have distinct capacities, then there is a unique maximum flow.
CSE 202: Deign and Analyi of Algorihm Winer 2013 Problem Se 3 Inrucor: Kamalika Chaudhuri Due on: Tue. Feb 26, 2013 Inrucion For your proof, you may ue any lower bound, algorihm or daa rucure from he ex
More informationMATH 128A, SUMMER 2009, FINAL EXAM SOLUTION
MATH 28A, SUMME 2009, FINAL EXAM SOLUTION BENJAMIN JOHNSON () (8 poins) [Lagrange Inerpolaion] (a) (4 poins) Le f be a funcion defined a some real numbers x 0,..., x n. Give a defining equaion for he Lagrange
More informationRandomized Perfect Bipartite Matching
Inenive Algorihm Lecure 24 Randomized Perfec Biparie Maching Lecurer: Daniel A. Spielman April 9, 208 24. Inroducion We explain a randomized algorihm by Ahih Goel, Michael Kapralov and Sanjeev Khanna for
More informationBoyce/DiPrima 9 th ed, Ch 6.1: Definition of. Laplace Transform. In this chapter we use the Laplace transform to convert a
Boye/DiPrima 9 h ed, Ch 6.: Definiion of Laplae Transform Elemenary Differenial Equaions and Boundary Value Problems, 9 h ediion, by William E. Boye and Rihard C. DiPrima, 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, In.
More informationMATH 31B: MIDTERM 2 REVIEW. x 2 e x2 2x dx = 1. ue u du 2. x 2 e x2 e x2] + C 2. dx = x ln(x) 2 2. ln x dx = x ln x x + C. 2, or dx = 2u du.
MATH 3B: MIDTERM REVIEW JOE HUGHES. Inegraion by Pars. Evaluae 3 e. Soluion: Firs make he subsiuion u =. Then =, hence 3 e = e = ue u Now inegrae by pars o ge ue u = ue u e u + C and subsiue he definiion
More informationt 2 B F x,t n dsdt t u x,t dxdt
Evoluion Equaions For 0, fixed, le U U0, where U denoes a bounded open se in R n.suppose ha U is filled wih a maerial in which a conaminan is being ranspored by various means including diffusion and convecion.
More information4 Sequences of measurable functions
4 Sequences of measurable funcions 1. Le (Ω, A, µ) be a measure space (complee, afer a possible applicaion of he compleion heorem). In his chaper we invesigae relaions beween various (nonequivalen) convergences
More information23.5. Half-Range Series. Introduction. Prerequisites. Learning Outcomes
Half-Range Series 2.5 Inroducion In his Secion we address he following problem: Can we find a Fourier series expansion of a funcion defined over a finie inerval? Of course we recognise ha such a funcion
More informationIntroduction to SLE Lecture Notes
Inroducion o SLE Lecure Noe May 13, 16 - The goal of hi ecion i o find a ufficien condiion of λ for he hull K o be generaed by a imple cure. I urn ou if λ 1 < 4 hen K i generaed by a imple curve. We will
More informationTHE BERNOULLI NUMBERS. t k. = lim. = lim = 1, d t B 1 = lim. 1+e t te t = lim t 0 (e t 1) 2. = lim = 1 2.
THE BERNOULLI NUMBERS The Bernoulli numbers are defined here by he exponenial generaing funcion ( e The firs one is easy o compue: (2 and (3 B 0 lim 0 e lim, 0 e ( d B lim 0 d e +e e lim 0 (e 2 lim 0 2(e
More informationEECE 301 Signals & Systems Prof. Mark Fowler
EECE 30 Signal & Syem Prof. ark Fowler oe Se #34 C-T Tranfer Funcion and Frequency Repone /4 Finding he Tranfer Funcion from Differenial Eq. Recall: we found a DT yem Tranfer Funcion Hz y aking he ZT of
More information10. State Space Methods
. Sae Space Mehods. Inroducion Sae space modelling was briefly inroduced in chaper. Here more coverage is provided of sae space mehods before some of heir uses in conrol sysem design are covered in he
More informationKEY. Math 334 Midterm I Fall 2008 sections 001 and 003 Instructor: Scott Glasgow
1 KEY Mah 4 Miderm I Fall 8 secions 1 and Insrucor: Sco Glasgow Please do NOT wrie on his eam. No credi will be given for such work. Raher wrie in a blue book, or on our own paper, preferabl engineering
More informationEXERCISES FOR SECTION 1.5
1.5 Exisence and Uniqueness of Soluions 43 20. 1 v c 21. 1 v c 1 2 4 6 8 10 1 2 2 4 6 8 10 Graph of approximae soluion obained using Euler s mehod wih = 0.1. Graph of approximae soluion obained using Euler
More informationFractional Method of Characteristics for Fractional Partial Differential Equations
Fracional Mehod of Characerisics for Fracional Parial Differenial Equaions Guo-cheng Wu* Modern Teile Insiue, Donghua Universiy, 188 Yan-an ilu Road, Shanghai 51, PR China Absrac The mehod of characerisics
More informationCHAPTER 2: Mathematics for Microeconomics
CHAPTER : Mahemaics for Microeconomics The problems in his chaper are primarily mahemaical. They are inended o give sudens some pracice wih he conceps inroduced in Chaper, bu he problems in hemselves offer
More informationStochastic models and their distributions
Sochasic models and heir disribuions Couning cusomers Suppose ha n cusomers arrive a a grocery a imes, say T 1,, T n, each of which akes any real number in he inerval (, ) equally likely The values T 1,,
More informationLinear Response Theory: The connection between QFT and experiments
Phys540.nb 39 3 Linear Response Theory: The connecion beween QFT and experimens 3.1. Basic conceps and ideas Q: How do we measure he conduciviy of a meal? A: we firs inroduce a weak elecric field E, and
More informationIntroduction to Probability and Statistics Slides 4 Chapter 4
Inroducion o Probabiliy and Saisics Slides 4 Chaper 4 Ammar M. Sarhan, asarhan@mahsa.dal.ca Deparmen of Mahemaics and Saisics, Dalhousie Universiy Fall Semeser 8 Dr. Ammar Sarhan Chaper 4 Coninuous Random
More informationAlgorithmic Discrete Mathematics 6. Exercise Sheet
Algorihmic Dicree Mahemaic. Exercie Shee Deparmen of Mahemaic SS 0 PD Dr. Ulf Lorenz 7. and 8. Juni 0 Dipl.-Mah. David Meffer Verion of June, 0 Groupwork Exercie G (Heap-Sor) Ue Heap-Sor wih a min-heap
More informationENGI 9420 Engineering Analysis Assignment 2 Solutions
ENGI 940 Engineering Analysis Assignmen Soluions 0 Fall [Second order ODEs, Laplace ransforms; Secions.0-.09]. Use Laplace ransforms o solve he iniial value problem [0] dy y, y( 0) 4 d + [This was Quesion
More informationVehicle Arrival Models : Headway
Chaper 12 Vehicle Arrival Models : Headway 12.1 Inroducion Modelling arrival of vehicle a secion of road is an imporan sep in raffic flow modelling. I has imporan applicaion in raffic flow simulaion where
More information5.1 - Logarithms and Their Properties
Chaper 5 Logarihmic Funcions 5.1 - Logarihms and Their Properies Suppose ha a populaion grows according o he formula P 10, where P is he colony size a ime, in hours. When will he populaion be 2500? We
More informationEECE 301 Signals & Systems Prof. Mark Fowler
EECE 31 Signals & Sysems Prof. Mark Fowler Noe Se #1 C-T Sysems: Convoluion Represenaion Reading Assignmen: Secion 2.6 of Kamen and Heck 1/11 Course Flow Diagram The arrows here show concepual flow beween
More informationTwo Coupled Oscillators / Normal Modes
Lecure 3 Phys 3750 Two Coupled Oscillaors / Normal Modes Overview and Moivaion: Today we ake a small, bu significan, sep owards wave moion. We will no ye observe waves, bu his sep is imporan in is own
More informationMon Apr 9 EP 7.6 Convolutions and Laplace transforms. Announcements: Warm-up Exercise:
Mah 225-4 Week 3 April 9-3 EP 7.6 - convoluions; 6.-6.2 - eigenvalues, eigenvecors and diagonalizabiliy; 7. - sysems of differenial equaions. Mon Apr 9 EP 7.6 Convoluions and Laplace ransforms. Announcemens:
More informationPROBLEMS FOR MATH 162 If a problem is starred, all subproblems are due. If only subproblems are starred, only those are due. SLOPES OF TANGENT LINES
PROBLEMS FOR MATH 6 If a problem is sarred, all subproblems are due. If onl subproblems are sarred, onl hose are due. 00. Shor answer quesions. SLOPES OF TANGENT LINES (a) A ball is hrown ino he air. Is
More information4.1 - Logarithms and Their Properties
Chaper 4 Logarihmic Funcions 4.1 - Logarihms and Their Properies Wha is a Logarihm? We define he common logarihm funcion, simply he log funcion, wrien log 10 x log x, as follows: If x is a posiive number,
More informationInstrumentation & Process Control
Chemical Engineering (GTE & PSU) Poal Correpondence GTE & Public Secor Inrumenaion & Proce Conrol To Buy Poal Correpondence Package call a -999657855 Poal Coure ( GTE & PSU) 5 ENGINEERS INSTITUTE OF INDI.
More informatione t dt e t dt = lim e t dt T (1 e T ) = 1
Improper Inegrls There re wo ypes of improper inegrls - hose wih infinie limis of inegrion, nd hose wih inegrnds h pproch some poin wihin he limis of inegrion. Firs we will consider inegrls wih infinie
More informationDifferential Equations
Mah 21 (Fall 29) Differenial Equaions Soluion #3 1. Find he paricular soluion of he following differenial equaion by variaion of parameer (a) y + y = csc (b) 2 y + y y = ln, > Soluion: (a) The corresponding
More informationChapter 7: Solving Trig Equations
Haberman MTH Secion I: The Trigonomeric Funcions Chaper 7: Solving Trig Equaions Le s sar by solving a couple of equaions ha involve he sine funcion EXAMPLE a: Solve he equaion sin( ) The inverse funcions
More informationSolution of Integro-Differential Equations by Using ELzaki Transform
Global Journal of Mahemaical Sciences: Theory and Pracical. Volume, Number (), pp. - Inernaional Research Publicaion House hp://www.irphouse.com Soluion of Inegro-Differenial Equaions by Using ELzaki Transform
More informationAlgorithms and Data Structures 2011/12 Week 9 Solutions (Tues 15th - Fri 18th Nov)
Algorihm and Daa Srucure 2011/ Week Soluion (Tue 15h - Fri 18h No) 1. Queion: e are gien 11/16 / 15/20 8/13 0/ 1/ / 11/1 / / To queion: (a) Find a pair of ube X, Y V uch ha f(x, Y) = f(v X, Y). (b) Find
More informationMatrix Versions of Some Refinements of the Arithmetic-Geometric Mean Inequality
Marix Versions of Some Refinemens of he Arihmeic-Geomeric Mean Inequaliy Bao Qi Feng and Andrew Tonge Absrac. We esablish marix versions of refinemens due o Alzer ], Carwrigh and Field 4], and Mercer 5]
More information-e x ( 0!x+1! ) -e x 0!x 2 +1!x+2! e t dt, the following expressions hold. t
4 Higher and Super Calculus of Logarihmic Inegral ec. 4. Higher Inegral of Eponenial Inegral Eponenial Inegral is defined as follows. Ei( ) - e d (.0) Inegraing boh sides of (.0) wih respec o repeaedly
More informationCHAPTER 2 Signals And Spectra
CHAPER Signals And Specra Properies of Signals and Noise In communicaion sysems he received waveform is usually caegorized ino he desired par conaining he informaion, and he undesired par. he desired par
More information4.8 Improper Integrals
4.8 Improper Inegrls Well you ve mde i hrough ll he inegrion echniques. Congrs! Unforunely for us, we sill need o cover one more inegrl. They re clled Improper Inegrls. A his poin, we ve only del wih inegrls
More information( ) ( ) if t = t. It must satisfy the identity. So, bulkiness of the unit impulse (hyper)function is equal to 1. The defining characteristic is
UNIT IMPULSE RESPONSE, UNIT STEP RESPONSE, STABILITY. Uni impulse funcion (Dirac dela funcion, dela funcion) rigorously defined is no sricly a funcion, bu disribuion (or measure), precise reamen requires
More information1 CHAPTER 14 LAPLACE TRANSFORMS
CHAPTER 4 LAPLACE TRANSFORMS 4 nroducion f x) i a funcion of x, where x lie in he range o, hen he funcion p), defined by p) px e x) dx, 4 i called he Laplace ranform of x) However, in hi chaper, where
More informationMODULE 3 FUNCTION OF A RANDOM VARIABLE AND ITS DISTRIBUTION LECTURES PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION OF A FUNCTION OF A RANDOM VARIABLE
Topics MODULE 3 FUNCTION OF A RANDOM VARIABLE AND ITS DISTRIBUTION LECTURES 2-6 3. FUNCTION OF A RANDOM VARIABLE 3.2 PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION OF A FUNCTION OF A RANDOM VARIABLE 3.3 EXPECTATION AND MOMENTS
More informationGuest Lectures for Dr. MacFarlane s EE3350 Part Deux
Gues Lecures for Dr. MacFarlane s EE3350 Par Deux Michael Plane Mon., 08-30-2010 Wrie name in corner. Poin ou his is a review, so I will go faser. Remind hem o go lisen o online lecure abou geing an A
More informationAn Introduction to Malliavin calculus and its applications
An Inroducion o Malliavin calculus and is applicaions Lecure 5: Smoohness of he densiy and Hörmander s heorem David Nualar Deparmen of Mahemaics Kansas Universiy Universiy of Wyoming Summer School 214
More informations-domain Circuit Analysis
Domain ircui Analyi Operae direcly in he domain wih capacior, inducor and reior Key feaure lineariy i preerved c decribed by ODE and heir I Order equal number of plu number of Elemenbyelemen and ource
More informationNote on Matuzsewska-Orlich indices and Zygmund inequalities
ARMENIAN JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS Volume 3, Number 1, 21, 22 31 Noe on Mauzewka-Orlic indice and Zygmund inequaliie N. G. Samko Univeridade do Algarve, Campu de Gambela, Faro,85 139, Porugal namko@gmail.com
More informationChapter 8 The Complete Response of RL and RC Circuits
Chaper 8 The Complee Response of RL and RC Circuis Seoul Naional Universiy Deparmen of Elecrical and Compuer Engineering Wha is Firs Order Circuis? Circuis ha conain only one inducor or only one capacior
More informationOrdinary dierential equations
Chaper 5 Ordinary dierenial equaions Conens 5.1 Iniial value problem........................... 31 5. Forward Euler's mehod......................... 3 5.3 Runge-Kua mehods.......................... 36
More informationMethod For Solving Fuzzy Integro-Differential Equation By Using Fuzzy Laplace Transformation
INERNAIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENIFIC & ECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 3 ISSUE 5 May 4 ISSN 77-866 Meod For Solving Fuzzy Inegro-Differenial Equaion By Using Fuzzy Laplace ransformaion Manmoan Das Danji alukdar
More informationExistence of positive solution for a third-order three-point BVP with sign-changing Green s function
Elecronic Journal of Qualiaive Theory of Differenial Equaions 13, No. 3, 1-11; hp://www.mah.u-szeged.hu/ejqde/ Exisence of posiive soluion for a hird-order hree-poin BVP wih sign-changing Green s funcion
More information1 Solutions to selected problems
1 Soluions o seleced problems 1. Le A B R n. Show ha in A in B bu in general bd A bd B. Soluion. Le x in A. Then here is ɛ > 0 such ha B ɛ (x) A B. This shows x in B. If A = [0, 1] and B = [0, 2], hen
More informationRepresentation of Stochastic Process by Means of Stochastic Integrals
Inernaional Journal of Mahemaics Research. ISSN 0976-5840 Volume 5, Number 4 (2013), pp. 385-397 Inernaional Research Publicaion House hp://www.irphouse.com Represenaion of Sochasic Process by Means of
More informationContinuous Time. Time-Domain System Analysis. Impulse Response. Impulse Response. Impulse Response. Impulse Response. ( t) + b 0.
Time-Domain Sysem Analysis Coninuous Time. J. Robers - All Righs Reserved. Edied by Dr. Rober Akl 1. J. Robers - All Righs Reserved. Edied by Dr. Rober Akl 2 Le a sysem be described by a 2 y ( ) + a 1
More information