CPO Science Foundations of Physics. Unit 8, Chapter 27
|
|
- Harry Simpson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 CPO Science Foundations of Physics Unit 8, Chapter 27
2 Unit 8: Matter and Energy Chapter 27 The Physical Properties of Matter 27.1 Properties of Solids 27.2 Properties of Liquids and Fluids 27.3 Properties of Gases
3 Chapter 27 Objectives 1. Perform calculations involving the density of solids, gases, and liquids. 2. Apply the concepts of force, stress, strain, and tensile strength to simple structures. 3. Describe the cause and some consequences of thermal expansion in solids, liquids, and gases. 4. Explain the concept of pressure and calculate pressure caused by the weight of fluids. 5. Explain how pressure is created on a molecular level. 6. Understand and apply Bernoulli s equation to flow along a streamline. 7. Apply the gas laws to simple problems involving pressure, temperature, mass, and volume.
4 Chapter 27 Vocabulary Terms stress density strain tensile strength cross section area pressure volume tension compression elastic, elasticity fluid brittle ductile safety factor modulus of elasticity alloy airfoil buoyancy fluid mechanics ideal gas law Boyle s law streamline laminar flow turbulent flow Bernoulli s equation pascal (Pa) Charles law gas constant (R) composite material thermal expansion
5 27.1 Properties of Solids Key Question: How do you measure the strength of a solid material? *Students read Section 27.1 AFTER Investigation 27.1
6 27.1 Properties of Solids The density of a material is the ratio of mass to volume. Density is a physical property of the material and stays the same no matter how much material you have.
7 27.1 Density Most engineers and scientists use the greek letter rho (ρ) to represent density. Density (kg/m 3 ) r = m V Mass (kg) Volume (m 3 or L)
8 27.1 Densities of Common Materials Which materials are less dense than water?
9 27.1 Properties of Solids The concept of physical strength means the ability of an object to hold its form even when force is applied. To evaluate the properties of materials, it is sometimes necessary to separate out the effects of design, such as shape and size.
10 27.1 Stress The stress in a material is the ratio of the force acting through the material divided by the cross section area through which the force is carried. The metric unit of stress is the pascal (Pa). One pascal is equal to one newton of force per square meter of area (1 N/m 2 ). Stress (N/m 2 ) s = F A Force (N) Area (m 2 )
11 27.1 Properties of Solids
12 26.1 Properties of Solids A thicker wire can support more force at the same stress as a thinner wire because the cross section area is increased.
13 26.1 Tensile strength The tensile strength is the stress at which a material breaks under a tension force. The tensile strength also describes how materials break in bending.
14 27.1 Tensile strength
15 27.1 Properties of solids The safety factor is the ratio of how strong something is compared with how strong it has to be. The safety factor allows for things that might weaken the wire (like rust) or things you did not consider in the design (like heavier loads). A safety factor of 10 means you choose the wire to have a breaking strength of 10,000 newtons, 10 times stronger than it has to be.
16 27.1 Evaluate 3 Designs Three designs have been proposed for supporting a section of road. Each design uses three supports spaced at intervals along the road. A total of 4.5 million N of force is required to hold up the road. Evaluate the strength of each design. The factor of safety must be 5 or higher even when the road is bumper-to-bumper on all 4 lanes with the heaviest possible trucks.
17 27.1 Evaluate Design #1 High strength steel tubes Cross section = m 2 Tensile strength = 600 Mpa
18 27.1 Evaluate Design #2 Aluminum alloy tubes Cross section = m 2 Tensile strength = 290 Mpa
19 27.1 Evaluate Design #3 Steel cables Cross section = 0.03 m 2 Tensile strength = 400 Mpa
20 27.1 Properties of solids Elasticity measures the ability of a material to stretch. The strain is the amount a material has been deformed, divided by its original size.
21 27.1 Strain The Greek letter epsilon (ε) is usually used to represent strain. Strain e = Dl l Change in length (m) Original length (m)
22 27.1 Properties of solids The modulus of elasticity plays the role of the spring constant for solids. A material is elastic when it can take a large amount of strain before breaking. A brittle material breaks at a very low value of strain.
23 27.1 Modulus of Elasticity
24 27.1 Stress for solids Calculating stress for solids is similar to using Hooke's law for springs. Stress and strain take the place of force and distance in the formula: Stress (Mpa) s = -E e Modulus of elasticity (pa) Strain
25 27.1 Properties of solids The coefficient of thermal expansion describes how much a material expands for each change in temperature. Concrete bridges always have expansion joints. The amount of contraction or expansion is equal to the temperature change times the coefficient of thermal expansion.
26 27.1 Thermal Expansion Change in length (m) Dl = a (T 2 -T 1 ) l Coefficient of thermal expansion Change in temperature ( o C) Original length (m)
27 27.1 Thermal Expansion Which substances will expand or contract the most with temperature changes?
28 27.1 Plastic Plastics are solids formed from long chain molecules. Different plastics can have a wide range of physical properties including strength, elasticity, thermal expansion, and density.
29 27.1 Metal Metals that bend and stretch easily without cracking are ductile. The properties of metals can be changed by mixing elements. An alloy is a metal that is a mixture of more than one element. Steel is an alloy.
30 27.1 Wood Many materials have different properties in different directions. Wood has a grain that is created by the way trees grow. Wood is very difficult to break against the grain, but easy to break along the grain. A karate chop easily breaks wood along its grain.
31 27.1 Composite materials Composite materials are made from strong fibers supported by much weaker plastic. Like wood, composite materials tend to be strongest in a preferred direction. Fiberglass and carbon fiber are two examples of useful composite materials.
32 Classwork: Stress and Strain Find the modulus of elasticity for a 2-meter long cylindrical column made of a mystery material, assuming: The radius of the column is 10 cm. The maximum stress force it can withstand is 300 kpa When stretched to its limit, the column reaches a maximum length of 2.09 m before breaking
33 27.2 Properties of Liquids and Fluids Key Question: What are some implications of Bernoulli s equation? *Students read Section 27.2 AFTER Investigation 27.2
34 27.2 Properties of Liquids and Fluids Fluids can change shape and flow when forces are applied to them. Gas is also a fluid because gases can change shape and flow. Density, buoyancy and pressure are three properties exhibited by liquids and gases.
35 27.2 Density vs. Buoyancy The density of a liquid is the ratio of mass to volume, just like the density of a solid. An object submerged in liquid feels an upward force called buoyancy. The buoyancy force is exactly equal to the weight of liquid displaced by the object. Objects sink if the buoyancy force is less than their own weight.
36
37 Forces applied to fluids create pressure instead of stress. Pressure is force per unit area, like stress. A pressure of 1 N/m 2 means a force of one newton acts on each square meter Pressure
38 27.2 Pressure Like stress, pressure is a ratio of force per unit area. Unlike stress however, pressure acts in all directions, not just the direction of the applied force.
39 27.2 Pressure The concept of pressure is central to understanding how fluids behave within themselves and also how fluids interact with surfaces, such as containers. If you put a box with holes underwater, pressure makes water flow in from all sides. Pressure exerts equal force in all directions in liquids that are not moving.
40 27.2 Properties of liquids and gases Gravity is one cause of pressure because fluids have weight. Air is a fluid and the atmosphere of the Earth has a pressure. The pressure of the atmosphere decreases with altitude.
41 27.2 Properties of liquids and gases The pressure at any point in a liquid is created by the weight of liquid above that point.
42 27.2 Pressure in liquids The pressure at the same depth is the same everywhere in any liquid that is not moving. Pressure (pa or N/m 2 ) P = r g d Density (kg/m 3 ) Depth (m) Strength of gravity (9.8 N/kg)
43 27.2 Calculate pressure Calculate the pressure 1,000 meters below the surface of the ocean. The density of water is 1,000 kg/m 3. The pressure of the atmosphere is 101,000 Pa. Compare the pressure 1,000 meters deep with the pressure of the atmosphere.
44 27.2 Properties of liquids and gases Pressure comes from collisions between atoms or molecules. The molecules in fluids (gases and liquids) are not bonded tightly to each other as they are in solids. Molecules move around and collide with each other and with the solid walls of a container.
45 27.2 Pressure and forces Pressure creates force on surfaces. The force is equal to the pressure times the area that contacts the molecules. Pressure (N/m 2 ) Force (N) F = P A Area (m 2 )
46 27.2 Calculate pressure A car tire is at a pressure of 35 psi. Four tires support a car that weighs 4,000 pounds. Each tire supports 1,000 pounds. How much surface area of the tire is holding up the car?
47 27.2 Motion of fluids The study of motion of fluids is called fluid mechanics. Fluids flow because of differences in pressure. Moving fluids usually do not have a single speed.
48 27.2 Properties of liquids and gases A flow of syrup down a plate shows that friction slows the syrup touching the plate. The top of the syrup moves fastest because the drag from friction decreases away from the plate surface.
49 27.2 Properties of liquids and gases Pressure and energy are related. Differences in pressure create potential energy in fluids just like differences in height create potential energy from gravity
50 27.2 Properties of liquids and gases Pressure does work as fluids expand. A pressure of one pascal does one joule of work pushing one square meter a distance of one meter.
51 27.2 Energy in fluids The potential energy is equal to volume times pressure. Pressure (N/m 2 ) Potential energy (J) E = P V Volume (m 3 )
52 27.2 Energy in fluids The total energy of a small mass of fluid is equal to its potential energy from gravity (height) plus its potential energy from pressure plus its kinetic energy.
53 27.2 Energy in fluids The law of conservation of energy is called Bernoulli s equation when applied to a fluid. Bernoulli s equation says the three variables of height, pressure, and speed are related by energy conservation.
54 27.2 Bernoulli's Equation If one variable increases, at least one of the other two must decrease. If the fluid is not moving (v = 0), then Bernoulli s equation gives us the relationship between pressure and depth (negative height).
55 27.2 Properties of liquids and gases Streamlines are imaginary lines drawn to show the flow of fluid. We draw streamlines so that they are always parallel to the direction of flow. Fluid does not flow across streamlines.
56 27.2 Applying Bernoulli's equation The wings of airplanes are made in the shape of an airfoil. Air flowing along the top of the airfoil (B) moves faster than air flowing along the bottom of the airfoil (C).
57 27.2 Calculating speed of fluids Water towers create pressure to make water flow. At what speed will water come out if the water level in the tower is 50 meters higher than the faucet?
58 27.2 Fluids and friction Viscosity is caused by forces that act between atoms and molecules in a liquid. Friction in fluids also depends on the type of flow. Water running from a faucet can be either laminar or turbulent depending on the rate of flow.
59 27.3 Properties of Gases Key Question: How much matter is in a gas? *Students read Section 27.3 AFTER Investigation 27.3
60 27.3 Properties of Gases Air is the most important gas to living things on the Earth. The atmosphere of the Earth is a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor, argon, and a few trace gases.
61 27.3 Properties of Gases An object submerged in gas feels an upward buoyant force. You do not notice buoyant forces from air because the density of ordinary objects is so much greater than the density of air. The density of a gas depends on pressure and temperature.
62 27.3 Boyle's Law If the mass and temperature are kept constant, the product of pressure times volume stays the same. Original pressure (N/m 2 ) Final pressure (N/m 2 ) P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 Original volume (m 3 ) Final volume (m 3 )
63 27.3 Calculate using Boyle's law A bicycle pump creates high pressure by squeezing air into a smaller volume. If air at atmospheric pressure (14.7 psi) is compressed from an initial volume of 30 cubic inches to a final volume of three cubic inches, what is the final pressure?
64 27.3 Charles' Law If the mass and volume are kept constant, the pressure goes up when the temperature goes up. Original pressure (N/m 2 ) Final pressure (N/m 2 ) Original temperture (k) P 1 = P 2 T 1 T 2 Final temperature (K)
65 27.3 Calculate using Charles' law A can of hair spray has a pressure of 300 psi at room temperature (21 C or 294 K). The can is accidentally moved too close to a fire and its temperature increases to 800 C (1,073 K). What is the final pressure in the can?
66 27.3 Ideal gas law The ideal gas law combines the pressure, volume, and temperature relations for a gas into one equation which also includes the mass of the gas. In physics and engineering, mass (m) is used for the quantity of gas. In chemistry, the ideal gas law is usually written in terms of the number of moles of gas (n) instead of the mass (m).
67 The gas constants are different because the size and mass of gas molecules are different Gas Constants
68 27.3 Ideal gas law If the mass and temperature are kept constant, the product of pressure times volume stays the same. Pressure (N/m 2 ) P V = m R T gas constant (J/kgK) Volume (m 3 ) Mass (kg) Temperature (K)
69 27.3 Calculate using Ideal gas law Two soda bottles contain the same volume of air at different pressures. Each bottle has a volume of m 3 (two liters). The temperature is 21 C (294 K). One bottle is at a gauge pressure of 500,000 pascals (73 psi). The other bottle is at a gauge pressure of zero. Calculate the mass difference between the two bottles.
70 Application: The Deep Water Submarine Alvin
Chapter 9 Solids and Fluids. Elasticity Archimedes Principle Bernoulli s Equation
Chapter 9 Solids and Fluids Elasticity Archimedes Principle Bernoulli s Equation States of Matter Solid Liquid Gas Plasmas Solids: Stress and Strain Stress = Measure of force felt by material Stress= Force
More informationStates of Matter. Chapter 9 Solids and Fluids. Solids: Stress and Strain. Solids: Stress and Strain. Stress = Force Area. Strain =!
Elasticity Chapter 9 Solids and Fluids Archimedes Principle Bernoulli s Equation Solid Liquid Gas Plasmas States of Matter 1 2 Solids: Stress and Strain Solids: Stress and Strain Stress = Measure of force
More informationStates of Matter. Chapter 9 Solids and Fluids. Solids: Stress and Strain. Solids: Stress and Strain. Stress = Force Area. Strain =!L L. Example 9.
Elasticity Chapter 9 Solids and Fluids Archimedes Principle Bernoulli s Equation Solid Liquid Gas Plasmas States of Matter Solids: Stress and Strain Solids: Stress and Strain Stress = Measure of force
More informationIf we change the quantity causing the deformation from force to force per unit area, we get a relation that does not depend on area.
2/24 Chapter 12 Solids Recall the rigid body model that we used when discussing rotation. A rigid body is composed of a particles constrained to maintain the same distances from and orientations relative
More informationStress Strain Elasticity Modulus Young s Modulus Shear Modulus Bulk Modulus. Case study
Stress Strain Elasticity Modulus Young s Modulus Shear Modulus Bulk Modulus Case study 2 In field of Physics, it explains how an object deforms under an applied force Real rigid bodies are elastic we can
More informationUnit 4: The Nature of Matter
16 16 Table of Contents Unit 4: The Nature of Matter Chapter 16: Solids, Liquids, and Gases 16.1: Kinetic Theory 16.2: Properties and Fluids 16.3: Behavior of Gases 16.1 Kinetic Theory Kinetic Theory kinetic
More informationMatter and Thermal Energy
Section States of Matter Can you identify the states of matter present in the photo shown? Kinetic Theory The kinetic theory is an explanation of how particles in matter behave. Kinetic Theory The three
More informationNicholas J. Giordano. Chapter 10 Fluids
Nicholas J. Giordano www.cengage.com/physics/giordano Chapter 10 Fluids Fluids A fluid may be either a liquid or a gas Some characteristics of a fluid Flows from one place to another Shape varies according
More informationChapter 2. States of Matter
Chapter 2 States of Matter 2-1 Matter Matter Matter Anything that takes up space and has mass. Is air matter? Yes. It takes up space and has mass. It has atoms. All matter is made up of atoms. ( Dalton
More informationElastic Properties of Solid Materials. Notes based on those by James Irvine at
Elastic Properties of Solid Materials Notes based on those by James Irvine at www.antonine-education.co.uk Key Words Density, Elastic, Plastic, Stress, Strain, Young modulus We study how materials behave
More informationThermal physics revision questions
Thermal physics revision questions ONE SECTION OF QUESTIONS TO BE COMPLETED AND MARKED EVERY WEEK AFTER HALF TERM. Section 1: Energy 1. Define the law of conservation of energy. Energy is neither created
More informationChapter 9: Solids and Fluids
Chapter 9: Solids and Fluids State of matters: Solid, Liquid, Gas and Plasma. Solids Has definite volume and shape Can be crystalline or amorphous Molecules are held in specific locations by electrical
More informationPhysical Science. Thermal Energy & Heat
Physical Science Thermal Energy & Heat Sometimes called internal energy Depends on the object's mass, temperature, and phase (solid, liquid, gas) TOTAL potential and kinetic energy of all the particles
More informationThere are three phases of matter: Solid, liquid and gas
FLUIDS: Gases and Liquids Chapter 4 of text There are three phases of matter: Solid, liquid and gas Solids: Have form, constituents ( atoms and molecules) are in fixed positions (though they can vibrate
More informationA B C November 29 Exam 3 Physics 105. σ = W m 2 K 4 L v = J/kg R = J/(K mol) c w = 4186 J/(kg K) N A = 6.
L 2012 November 29 Exam 3 Physics 105 Physical Constants Properties of H 2 O σ = 5.6704 10 8 W m 2 K 4 L v = 2.26 10 6 J/kg R = 8.3145 J/(K mol) c w = 4186 J/(kg K) N A = 6.0221 10 23 L f = 3.33 10 5 J/kg
More informationFluid Mechanics. The atmosphere is a fluid!
Fluid Mechanics The atmosphere is a fluid! Some definitions A fluid is any substance which can flow Liquids, gases, and plasmas Fluid statics studies fluids in equilibrium Density, pressure, buoyancy Fluid
More informationPhysics General Physics. Lecture 17 Gases. Fall 2016 Semester Prof. Matthew Jones
Physics 22000 General Physics Lecture 17 Gases Fall 2016 Semester Prof. Matthew Jones 1 2 Structure of Matter Not everything around us is a rigid body Do we need new laws of physics to describe things
More informationTOPICS. Density. Pressure. Variation of Pressure with Depth. Pressure Measurements. Buoyant Forces-Archimedes Principle
Lecture 6 Fluids TOPICS Density Pressure Variation of Pressure with Depth Pressure Measurements Buoyant Forces-Archimedes Principle Surface Tension ( External source ) Viscosity ( External source ) Equation
More informationPhysics 207 Lecture 18
Physics 07, Lecture 8, Nov. 6 MidTerm Mean 58.4 (64.6) Median 58 St. Dev. 6 (9) High 94 Low 9 Nominal curve: (conservative) 80-00 A 6-79 B or A/B 34-6 C or B/C 9-33 marginal 9-8 D Physics 07: Lecture 8,
More informationFluid Mechanics. Chapter 12. PowerPoint Lectures for University Physics, Thirteenth Edition Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedman
Chapter 12 Fluid Mechanics PowerPoint Lectures for University Physics, Thirteenth Edition Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedman Lectures by Wayne Anderson Goals for Chapter 12 To study the concept of density
More informationChapter 3 Phases of Matter Physical Science
Chapter 3 Phases of Matter Physical Science CH 3- States of Matter 1 What makes up matter? What is the difference between a solid, a liquid, and a gas? What kind of energy do all particles of matter have?
More informationFurther Applications of Newton s Laws - Friction Static and Kinetic Friction
urther pplications of Newton s Laws - riction Static and Kinetic riction The normal force is related to friction. When two surfaces slid over one another, they experience a force do to microscopic contact
More informationName : Applied Physics II Exam One Winter Multiple Choice ( 7 Points ):
Name : e-mail: Applied Physics II Exam One Winter 2006-2007 Multiple Choice ( 7 Points ): 1. Pure nitrogen gas is contained in a sealed tank containing a movable piston. The initial volume, pressure and
More informationApplied Fluid Mechanics
Applied Fluid Mechanics 1. The Nature of Fluid and the Study of Fluid Mechanics 2. Viscosity of Fluid 3. Pressure Measurement 4. Forces Due to Static Fluid 5. Buoyancy and Stability 6. Flow of Fluid and
More informationPhysics - Fluids. Read Page 174 (Density) TQ1. A fluid is what type of matter? TQ2. What is fluid mechanics? TQ3. What is the equation for density?
Homework Procedure: Read pages specified in Honors Physics Essentials by Dan Fullerton. Questions labeled TQ will be questions about the text you read. These TQ s can be answered in one word, one phrase,
More informationHigh Tech High Top Hat Technicians. An Introduction to Solid Mechanics. Is that supposed to bend there?
High Tech High Top Hat Technicians An Introduction to Solid Mechanics Or Is that supposed to bend there? Why don't we fall through the floor? The power of any Spring is in the same proportion with the
More informationChapter 10. Solids & Liquids
Chapter 10 Solids & Liquids Next 6 chapters use all the concepts developed in the first 9 chapters, recasting them into a form ready to apply to specific physical systems. 10.1 Phases of Matter, Mass Density
More informationCHAPTER 13. Liquids FLUIDS FLUIDS. Gases. Density! Bulk modulus! Compressibility. To begin with... some important definitions...
CHAPTER 13 FLUIDS Density! Bulk modulus! Compressibility Pressure in a fluid! Hydraulic lift! Hydrostatic paradox Measurement of pressure! Manometers and barometers Buoyancy and Archimedes Principle! Upthrust!
More informationSolids, Liquids & Gases
Solids, Liquids & Gases Density & Pressure...1 Density...1 Formula...1 Common densities...2 Pressure...3 Pressure in Liquids...3 Nice to know: External Pressure exerted on a closed container...4 Change
More informationGeneral Physics I (aka PHYS 2013)
General Physics I (aka PHYS 2013) PROF. VANCHURIN (AKA VITALY) University of Minnesota, Duluth (aka UMD) OUTLINE CHAPTER 12 CHAPTER 19 REVIEW CHAPTER 12: FLUID MECHANICS Section 12.1: Density Section 12.2:
More informationMOTION AND DESIGN VOCAB
MOTION AND DESIGN VOCAB Vocabulary Term acceleration Action/Reaction balanced Chemical Change Meaning/Definition rate of increase of speed or velocity (example: accelerator pedal on a car) Newton s 3rd
More informationKinetic Theory. States of Matter. Thermal Energy. Four States of Matter. Kinetic Energy. Solid. Liquid. Definition: How particles in matter behave
Kinetic Theory Definition: How particles in matter behave States of Matter All Matter is composed of small particles. Particles are in constant random motion. Particles collide with each other and walls
More informationcos(θ)sin(θ) Alternative Exercise Correct Correct θ = 0 skiladæmi 10 Part A Part B Part C Due: 11:59pm on Wednesday, November 11, 2015
skiladæmi 10 Due: 11:59pm on Wednesday, November 11, 015 You will receive no credit for items you complete after the assignment is due Grading Policy Alternative Exercise 1115 A bar with cross sectional
More informationNORMAL STRESS. The simplest form of stress is normal stress/direct stress, which is the stress perpendicular to the surface on which it acts.
NORMAL STRESS The simplest form of stress is normal stress/direct stress, which is the stress perpendicular to the surface on which it acts. σ = force/area = P/A where σ = the normal stress P = the centric
More informationThermal physics revision questions
Thermal physics revision questions ONE SECTION OF QUESTIONS TO BE COMPLETED AND MARKED EVERY WEEK AFTER HALF TERM. Section 1: Energy 1. Define the law of conservation of energy. 2. State the first law
More informationLecture 8 Equilibrium and Elasticity
Lecture 8 Equilibrium and Elasticity July 19 EQUILIBRIUM AND ELASTICITY CHAPTER 12 Give a sharp blow one end of a stick on the table. Find center of percussion. Baseball bat center of percussion Equilibrium
More informationUNIVERSITY PHYSICS I. Professor Meade Brooks, Collin College. Chapter 12: STATIC EQUILIBRIUM AND ELASTICITY
UNIVERSITY PHYSICS I Professor Meade Brooks, Collin College Chapter 12: STATIC EQUILIBRIUM AND ELASTICITY Two stilt walkers in standing position. All forces acting on each stilt walker balance out; neither
More informationChapter 9. Solids and Fluids
Chapter 9 Solids and Fluids States of Matter Solid Liquid Gas Plasma Solids Have definite volume Have definite shape Atoms or molecules are held in specific locations By electrical forces Vibrate about
More informationLiquids CHAPTER 13 FLUIDS FLUIDS. Gases. Density! Bulk modulus! Compressibility. To begin with... some important definitions...
CHAPTER 13 FLUIDS FLUIDS Liquids Gases Density! Bulk modulus! Compressibility Pressure in a fluid! Hydraulic lift! Hydrostatic paradox Measurement of pressure! Manometers and barometers Buoyancy and Archimedes
More informationChapter: States of Matter
Table of Contents Chapter: States of Matter Section 1: Matter Section 2: Changes of State Section 3: Behavior of Fluids 1 What is matter? Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. Matter Matter
More informationFluid Mechanics. Chapter 14. Modified by P. Lam 6_7_2012
Chapter 14 Fluid Mechanics PowerPoint Lectures for University Physics, Twelfth Edition Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedman Lectures by James Pazun Modified by P. Lam 6_7_2012 Goals for Chapter 14 To study
More informationMechanics of Solids. Mechanics Of Solids. Suraj kr. Ray Department of Civil Engineering
Mechanics Of Solids Suraj kr. Ray (surajjj2445@gmail.com) Department of Civil Engineering 1 Mechanics of Solids is a branch of applied mechanics that deals with the behaviour of solid bodies subjected
More informationPhysics 207 Lecture 20. Chapter 15, Fluids
Chapter 15, Fluids This is an actual photo of an iceberg, taken by a rig manager for Global Marine Drilling in St. Johns, Newfoundland. The water was calm and the sun was almost directly overhead so that
More informationToday s Discussion: Fluids Pressure and Pascal s principle Bouyancy, Archimedes principle Bernoulli s equation
1 Physics 213 Waves, Fluids and Thermal Physics Summer 2007 Lecturer: Mike Kagan (mak411@psu.edu, 322 Whitmore) Today s Discussion: Fluids Pressure and Pascal s principle Bouyancy, Archimedes principle
More informationSection 1 Matter and Energy
CHAPTER OUTLINE Section 1 Matter and Energy Key Idea questions > What makes up matter? > What is the difference between a solid, a liquid, and a gas? > What kind of energy do all particles of matter have?
More informationMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS
CHAPTER-10 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS QUESTIONS 1 marks questions 1. What are fluids? 2. How are fluids different from solids? 3. Define thrust of a liquid. 4. Define liquid pressure. 5. Is pressure
More informationChapter 14. Lecture 1 Fluid Mechanics. Dr. Armen Kocharian
Chapter 14 Lecture 1 Fluid Mechanics Dr. Armen Kocharian States of Matter Solid Has a definite volume and shape Liquid Has a definite volume but not a definite shape Gas unconfined Has neither a definite
More informationEach of the following questions (1-15) is worth 6 points
Name: ----------------------------------------------- S. I. D.: ------------------------------------ Physics 0 Final Exam (Version A) Summer 06 HIS EXAM CONAINS 36 QUESIONS. ANSWERS ARE ROUNDED. PICK HE
More information2. For a S.H.O. determine, (a) the total energy (E), the kinetic and potential energies. of half amplitude:
The amplitude of vibration and hence, the energy transferred into the vibrating system is found to depend on the difference between f and, its maximum when the frequency of the external force is equal
More informationChapter 14. Fluid Mechanics
Chapter 14 Fluid Mechanics States of Matter Solid Has a definite volume and shape Liquid Has a definite volume but not a definite shape Gas unconfined Has neither a definite volume nor shape All of these
More informationMULTIPLE-CHOICE PROBLEMS:(Two marks per answer) (Circle the Letter Beside the Most Correct Answer in the Questions Below.)
MULTIPLE-CHOICE PROLEMS:(Two marks per answer) (Circle the Letter eside the Most Correct Answer in the Questions elow.) 1. The absolute viscosity µ of a fluid is primarily a function of: a. Density. b.
More informationSY 2018/ st Final Term Revision. Student s Name: Grade: 10A/B. Subject: Physics. Teachers Signature
SY 2018/2019 1 st Final Term Revision Student s Name: Grade: 10A/B Subject: Physics Teachers Signature Question 1 : Choose the correct answer : 1 ) What is the density of Mercury. a ) 13.6x10 3 b) 14.6x10
More informationFluids. Fluid = Gas or Liquid. Density Pressure in a Fluid Buoyancy and Archimedes Principle Fluids in Motion
Chapter 14 Fluids Fluids Density Pressure in a Fluid Buoyancy and Archimedes Principle Fluids in Motion Fluid = Gas or Liquid MFMcGraw-PHY45 Chap_14Ha-Fluids-Revised 10/13/01 Densities MFMcGraw-PHY45 Chap_14Ha-Fluids-Revised
More information9 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS
9 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS Deforming force Deforming force is the force which changes the shape or size of a body. Restoring force Restoring force is the internal force developed inside the body
More information1. A pure shear deformation is shown. The volume is unchanged. What is the strain tensor.
Elasticity Homework Problems 2014 Section 1. The Strain Tensor. 1. A pure shear deformation is shown. The volume is unchanged. What is the strain tensor. 2. Given a steel bar compressed with a deformation
More informationChapter 9. Solids and Fluids. States of Matter. Solid. Liquid. Gas
Chapter 9 States of Matter Solids and Fluids Solid Liquid Gas Plasma Solids Have definite volume Have definite shape Molecules are held in specific locations By electrical forces Vibrate about equilibrium
More informationPhysics 201 Chapter 13 Lecture 1
Physics 201 Chapter 13 Lecture 1 Fluid Statics Pascal s Principle Archimedes Principle (Buoyancy) Fluid Dynamics Continuity Equation Bernoulli Equation 11/30/2009 Physics 201, UW-Madison 1 Fluids Density
More informationAluminum is OXIDIZED during this process. We say that metallic aluminum is a REDUCING AGENT!
131 REDOX LANGUAGE - "Oxidation" is loss of electrons, but an OXIDIZING AGENT is something that causes ANOTHER substance to lose electrons. An oxidizing agent is itself reduced during a redox reaction.
More information11.1 Mass Density. Fluids are materials that can flow, and they include both gases and liquids. The mass density of a liquid or gas is an
Chapter 11 Fluids 11.1 Mass Density Fluids are materials that can flow, and they include both gases and liquids. The mass density of a liquid or gas is an important factor that determines its behavior
More information1 (a) On the axes of Fig. 7.1, sketch a stress against strain graph for a typical ductile material. stress. strain. Fig. 7.1 [2]
1 (a) On the axes of Fig. 7.1, sketch a stress against strain graph for a typical ductile material. stress strain Fig. 7.1 [2] (b) Circle from the list below a material that is ductile. jelly c amic gl
More informationMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS:
Important Definitions: MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS: Fluid: A substance that can flow is called Fluid Both liquids and gases are fluids Pressure: The normal force acting per unit area of a surface is
More informationA drop forms when liquid is forced out of a small tube. The shape of the drop is determined by a balance of pressure, gravity, and surface tension
A drop forms when liquid is forced out of a small tube. The shape of the drop is determined by a balance of pressure, gravity, and surface tension forces. 2 Objectives 3 i i 2 1 INTRODUCTION Property:
More informationChapter 9. Solids and Fluids. 1. Introduction. 2. Fluids at Rest. 3. Fluid Motion
Chapter 9 Solids and Fluids 1. Introduction 2. Fluids at Rest 3. Fluid Motion 1 States of Matter Solid Liquid Gas Plasma 2 Density and Specific Gravity What is Density? How do I calculate it? What are
More informationUnit Outline. I. Introduction II. Gas Pressure III. Gas Laws IV. Gas Law Problems V. Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Gases VI.
Unit 10: Gases Unit Outline I. Introduction II. Gas Pressure III. Gas Laws IV. Gas Law Problems V. Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Gases VI. Real Gases I. Opening thoughts Have you ever: Seen a hot air balloon?
More informationNATIONAL 5 PHYSICS THERMODYNAMICS
NATIONAL 5 PHYSICS THERMODYNAMICS HEAT AND TEMPERATURE Heat and temperature are not the same thing! Heat Heat is a type of energy. Like all types of energy it is measured in joules (J). The heat energy
More informationMeasurement Matter and Density. Name: Period:
Measurement Matter and Density Name: Period: Studying Physics and Chemistry Physics Tells us how fast objects move or how much it takes to get objects to, turn or stop. Chemistry Explains how different
More informationS.3 PHYSICS HOLIDAY WORK Where necessary assume the acceleration due to gravity, g 10ms. 1. 7. 13. 19. 25. 2. 8. 14. 20. 26. 3. 9. 15. 21. 27. 4. 10. 16. 22. 28. 5. 11. 17. 23. 29. 6. 12. 18. 24. 30. SECTION
More informationPhysics 106 Lecture 13. Fluid Mechanics
Physics 106 Lecture 13 Fluid Mechanics SJ 7 th Ed.: Chap 14.1 to 14.5 What is a fluid? Pressure Pressure varies with depth Pascal s principle Methods for measuring pressure Buoyant forces Archimedes principle
More informationAl-Saudia Virtual Academy Pakistan Online Tuition Online Tutor Pakistan
Al-Saudia Virtual Academy Pakistan Online Tuition Online Tutor Pakistan Matter Q1. What is meant by Matter? Ans: MATTER: Anything which has mass and occupied space is called Matter. Example: Table, book,
More informationFluid Mechanics. If deformation is small, the stress in a body is proportional to the corresponding
Fluid Mechanics HOOKE'S LAW If deformation is small, the stress in a body is proportional to the corresponding strain. In the elasticity limit stress and strain Stress/strain = Const. = Modulus of elasticity.
More informationPhysics 220: Classical Mechanics
Lecture /33 Phys 0 Physics 0: Classical Mechanics Lecture: MWF 8:40 am 9:40 am (Phys 4) Michael Meier mdmeier@purdue.edu Office: Phys Room 38 Help Room: Phys Room schedule on course webpage Office Hours:
More informationChapter 12: Gravity, Friction, & Pressure Physical Science, McDougal-Littell, 2008
SECTION 1 (PP. 381-388): GRAVITY IS A FORCE EXERTED BY MASSES. Georgia Standards: S8P3b Demonstrate the effect of balanced and unbalanced forces on an object in terms of gravity, inertia, and friction;
More informationFluids. Fluids in Motion or Fluid Dynamics
Fluids Fluids in Motion or Fluid Dynamics Resources: Serway - Chapter 9: 9.7-9.8 Physics B Lesson 3: Fluid Flow Continuity Physics B Lesson 4: Bernoulli's Equation MIT - 8: Hydrostatics, Archimedes' Principle,
More informationElectricity and Energy 1 Content Statements
Keep this in good condition, it will help you pass your final exams. The school will only issue one paper copy per pupil. An e-copy will be placed on the school s web-site. Electricity and Energy 1 Content
More informationChapter 9. Solids and Fluids
Chapter 9 Solids and Fluids States of Matter Solid Liquid Gas Plasma Solids Have definite volume Have definite shape Molecules are held in specific locations By electrical forces Vibrate about equilibrium
More informationCHAPTER 4 - STATES OF MATTER. Mr. Polard Physical Science Ingomar Middle School
CHAPTER 4 - STATES OF MATTER Mr. Polard Physical Science Ingomar Middle School SECTION 1 MATTER VOCABULARY SECTION 1 Matter : anything that takes up space and has mass (pg 72, 102) Solid : Matter with
More informationCentimeters of mercury
CHAPTER 11 PROPERTIES OF GASES Gases have an indefinite shape: a gas takes the shape of its container and fills it uniformly. If the shape of the container changes, so does the shape of the gas. Gases
More information3. What type of force is the woman applying to cart in the illustration below?
Name: Forces and Motion STUDY GUIDE Directions: Answer the following questions. 1. What is a force? a. A type of energy b. The rate at which an object performs work c. A push or a pull d. An object that
More informationName Date Class STATES OF MATTER. SECTION 13.1 THE NATURE OF GASES (pages )
Name Date Class 13 STATES OF MATTER SECTION 13.1 THE NATURE OF GASES (pages 385 389) This section introduces the kinetic theory and describes how it applies to gases. It defines gas pressure and explains
More informationPHYSICS 102N Spring Week 2 Solids and Liquids
PHYSICS 102N Spring 2009 Week 2 Solids and Liquids Condensed Matter Common feature: Atoms/molecules are tightly packed together (equilibrium distance) Any closer: Repulsion due to electromagnetic interaction
More information1) Pressure in a fluid decreases with depth. False 1) 2) To determine gauge pressure, add the atmospheric pressure to the absolute pressure.
Exam 4 review Name TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 1) Pressure in a fluid decreases with depth. False 1) 2) To determine gauge pressure, add the atmospheric
More informationReview of Fluid Mechanics
Chapter 3 Review of Fluid Mechanics 3.1 Units and Basic Definitions Newton s Second law forms the basis of all units of measurement. For a particle of mass m subjected to a resultant force F the law may
More information13 Solid materials Exam practice questions
Pages 206-209 Exam practice questions 1 a) The toughest material has the largest area beneath the curve the answer is C. b) The strongest material has the greatest breaking stress the answer is B. c) A
More informationChapter 10 Notes: Gases
Chapter 10 Notes: Gases Watch Bozeman Videos & other videos on my website for additional help: Big Idea 2: Gases 10.1 Characteristics of Gases Read p. 398-401. Answer the Study Guide questions 1. Earth
More informationUniversity Physics 226N/231N Old Dominion University. Ch 12: Finish Fluid Mechanics Exam Review
University Physics 226N/231N Old Dominion University Ch 12: Finish Fluid Mechanics Exam Review Dr. Todd Satogata (ODU/Jefferson Lab) satogata@jlab.org http://www.toddsatogata.net/2016-odu Wednesday, November
More informationUnit 8 Kinetic Theory of Gases. Chapter 13-14
Unit 8 Kinetic Theory of Gases Chapter 13-14 This tutorial is designed to help students understand scientific measurements. Objectives for this unit appear on the next slide. Each objective is linked to
More informationOUTLINE. States of Matter, Forces of Attraction Phase Changes Gases The Ideal Gas Law Gas Stoichiometry
UNIT 6 GASES OUTLINE States of Matter, Forces of Attraction Phase Changes Gases The Ideal Gas Law Gas Stoichiometry STATES OF MATTER Remember that all matter exists in three physical states: Solid Liquid
More informationStudy Guide for Chapters 2, 3, and 10
Study Guide for Chapters 2, 3, and 10 1. What is matter? Where can it be found? Anything that has mass and takes up space. 2. What units are used to measure volume? Liters and meters cubed 3. How would
More informationRevision Sheet Final Exam Term
Revision Sheet Final Exam Term-1 2018-2019 Name: Subject: Chemistry Grade: 11 A, B, C Required Materials: Chapter: 10 Section: 1,2,3,4,5 (Textbook pg. 311-333) Chapter: 11 Section: 1,2, (Textbook pg. 341-355)
More informationdensity (in g/l) = molar mass in grams / molar volume in liters (i.e., 22.4 L)
Unit 9: The Gas Laws 9.5 1. Write the formula for the density of any gas at STP. Name: KEY Text Questions from Corwin density (in g/l) = molar mass in grams / molar volume in liters (i.e., 22.4 L) Ch.
More informationChapter 10 - Mechanical Properties of Fluids. The blood pressure in humans is greater at the feet than at the brain
Question 10.1: Explain why The blood pressure in humans is greater at the feet than at the brain Atmospheric pressure at a height of about 6 km decreases to nearly half of its value at the sea level, though
More informationMULTIPLE-CHOICE PROBLEMS :(Two marks per answer) (Circle the Letter Beside the Most Correct Answer in the Questions Below.)
Test Midterm 1 F2013 MULTIPLE-CHOICE PROBLEMS :(Two marks per answer) (Circle the Letter Beside the Most Correct nswer in the Questions Below.) 1. The absolute viscosity µ of a fluid is primarily a function
More informationChapter Practice Test Grosser
Class: Date: Chapter 10-11 Practice Test Grosser Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. According to the kinetic-molecular theory, particles of
More informationChapter 9 Fluids. Pressure
Chapter 9 Fluids States of Matter - Solid, liquid, gas. Fluids (liquids and gases) do not hold their shapes. In many cases we can think of liquids as being incompressible. Liquids do not change their volume
More informationSCH 3UI Unit 08 Outline: Kinetic Molecular Theory and the Gas Laws. The States of Matter Characteristics of. Solids, Liquids and Gases
SCH 3UI Unit 08 Outline: Kinetic Molecular Theory and the Gas Laws Lesson Topics Covered Handouts to Print 1 Note: The States of Matter solids, liquids and gases state and the polarity of molecules the
More information[5] Stress and Strain
[5] Stress and Strain Page 1 of 34 [5] Stress and Strain [5.1] Internal Stress of Solids [5.2] Design of Simple Connections (will not be covered in class) [5.3] Deformation and Strain [5.4] Hooke s Law
More information3-3: The Behavior of Gases. 8 th Grade Physical Sciences
8 th Grade Physical Sciences How Gas Behaves To understand how a gas behaves, we must first remind ourselves about volume, temperature, and pressure Volume How much space it takes up m 3 - meters cubed
More informationChapter 15: Fluids. Mass Density = Volume. note : Fluids: substances which flow
Fluids: substances which flow Chapter 5: Fluids Liquids: take the shape of their container but have a definite volume Gases: take the shape and volume of their container Density m ρ = V Mass Density =
More informationTOPIC LEARNING OUTCOMES REMARKS HOUR
.0 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND MEASUREMENTS At the end of this topic, students should be able to: 5. Physical Quantities and Units a) List out the basic quantities and their respective SI units: length (m),
More informationConceptual Physics Matter Liquids Gases
Conceptual Physics Matter Liquids Gases Lana Sheridan De Anza College July 19, 2016 Last time the atom history of our understanding of the atom solids density Overview elasticity liquids pressure buoyancy
More information