Chapter 19 Classwork Famous Scientist Biography Isaac...

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1 Chapter 19 Classwork Famous Scientist Biography Isaac... Score: 1. is perhaps the greatest physicist who has ever lived. 2. He and are almost equally matched contenders for this title. 3. Each of these great scientists produced dramatic and startling transformations in the physical laws we believe our, changing the way we understand and relate to the world around us. 4. Isaac Newton was born on in the tiny village of Woolsthorpe bycolsterworth, Lincolnshire, England. 5. His father, whose name was also Isaac Newton, was a Isaac Junior was born. 1@4 6. Although comfortable financially,. 1@4 Page 1 of 6

2 7. His mother,, married a churchman when Newton was three years old. 1@5 8. Newton disliked his mother s new husband and did not join their household, living instead with, Margery Ayscough. 1@6 9. Beginning at age 12, Newton attended, Grantham, where he was taught the classics, but no science or mathematics. 2@1 10. When he was 17 his mother stopped his schooling so that. Fortunately for the future of science Newton found he had neither aptitude nor liking for farming; his mother allowed him to return to school, where he finished as top student. 2@1 11. In June 1661, aged 18, Newton began studying for a law degree at Cambridge University s Trinity College, earning money to wealthier students. 2@2 12. By the time he was a he was spending a lot of his time studying mathematics and natural philosophy (today we call it physics). 2@3 Page 2 of 6

3 13. Newton began to disregard the material taught at his college, preferring to study the recent (and more ) works of Galileo, Boyle, Descartes, and Kepler. 2@5 14. After three years at Cambridge he, allowing him to devote his time fully to academic studies. 2@7 15. In 1665, at the age of 22, a year after beginning his four year scholarship, he made his first major discovery: this was in mathematics, where he discovered the. 3@1 16. In 1665 he was also. 3@1 17. By now Newton s mind was ablaze with new ideas. He began making significant progress in fields in which he would make some of his most profound discoveries: -calculus, the mathematics of change, which is vital to our understanding of the world around us -gravity -optics and the behavior of light 3@2 Page 3 of 6

4 18. He did much of his work on these topics back home at Woolsthorpe bycolsterworth after the forced his college in Cambridge to close. 19. At the age of 24, in 1667, he returned to Cambridge, where events moved quickly. First he was elected as a. 20. A year later, in 1668, he was. A year after that, the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Trinity College, Isaac Barrow, resigned and Newton was appointed as his replacement; he was just 26 years old. 3@6 21. Isaac Newton, who was largely self taught in mathematics and physics: - formulated his Newton s Laws which lie at the heart of the science of movement. 3@7 4@6 22. Newton revealed his laws of motion and gravitation in his. Just as few people at first could understand Albert Einstein s general theory of relativity, few people understood the Principia when it was published. 4@13 Page 4 of 6

5 23. Newton s ideas were spread by the small number of people who understood the Principia, and who were able to develop and convey its message in more : people including Leonhard Euler, Joseph Louis Lagrange, Pierre Simon de Laplace, Willem Jacob s Gravesande, William Whiston, John Theophilus Desaguliers, and David Gregory. 4@ Newton s three laws of motion still lie at the heart of mechanics. First law: Objects at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force. This law was actually first stated by Galileo, whose influence Newton mentions several times in the Principia. 5@7 25. Second law: The force F on an object is equal to its mass m multiplied by its acceleration:. 5@8 26. Third law: When one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object in size and opposite in direction on the first object. 5@9 Page 5 of 6

6 27. In 1696, Newton was appointed as a. In 1700, he became Master of the Mint, leaving Cambridge for London, and more or less ending his scientific discovery work. 28. He took his new role very seriously, going out into London s gathering evidence against counterfeiters. 9@2 29. In 1703, he was elected President of the Royal Society. In 1705,, becoming Sir Isaac Newton. 9@3 30. Isaac Newton died on March 31, 1727,. He had never married and had no children. He was buried in Westminster Abbey, London. 9@6 Page 6 of 6

Inventors and Scientists: Sir Isaac Newton

Inventors and Scientists: Sir Isaac Newton By Cynthia Stokes Brown, Big History Project on 07.30.16 Word Count 909 Portrait of Sir Isaac Newton circa 1715-1720 Bonhams Synopsis: Sir Isaac Newton developed