Conceptual Physics Fundamentals. Chapter 4: NEWTON S LAWS OF MOTION
|
|
- Theresa Mason
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Conceptual Physics Fundamentals Chapter 4: NEWTON S LAWS OF MOTION
2 This lecture will help you understand: Newton s First Law of Motion Newton s Second Law of Motion Forces and Interactions Newton s Third Law of Motion Vectors Summary of Newton s Laws of Motion
3 Newton s Laws of Motion I was only a scalar until you came along and gave me direction. Barbara Wolfe
4 Newton s First Law of Motion Newton s First Law (the law of inertia) a restatement of Galileo s concept of inertia states that every object continues in a state of rest or of uniform speed in a straight line unless acted on by a nonzero force
5 Newton s First Law of Motion example: dishes remain in their initial state of rest when a tablecloth is whipped from beneath them Inertia is the property of objects to resist changes in motion.
6 Newton s First Law (Law of Inertia) F 0 An object will remain at rest or in a constant state of motion unless acted upon by net external forces.
7 Newton s First Law If F 0 => No Change in Motion Dynamic Equilibrium Static Equilibrium
8 Newton s First Law of Motion CHECK YOUR NEIGHBOR A sheet of paper can be quickly withdrawn from under a soft-drink can without the can toppling, because A. gravity pulls harder on the can than on the paper. B. the can has weight. C. the can has inertia. D. none of the above Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
9 Newton s First Law of Motion CHECK YOUR ANSWER A sheet of paper can be quickly withdrawn from under a soft-drink can without the can toppling, because A. gravity pulls harder on the can than on the paper. B. the can has weight. C. the can has inertia. D. none of the above Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
10 Newton s First Law of Motion CHECK YOUR NEIGHBOR If you swing a stone overhead in a horizontal circle and the string breaks, the tendency of the stone is to follow a A. curved path. B. straight-line path. C. spiral path. D. vertical path. Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
11 Newton s First Law of Motion CHECK YOUR ANSWER If you swing a stone overhead in a horizontal circle and the string breaks, the tendency of the stone is to follow a A. curved path. B. straight-line path. C. spiral path. D. vertical path. Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
12 Net Forces cause Acceleration
13 Newton s 2nd Law Fnet ma a F net m The acceleration of object is directly related to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.
14 Newton s 2nd Law Fnet ma m kg 2 s N
15 Conceptual Physics Fundamentals Chapter 4 When a 10-kg block is simultaneously pushed eastward with 20 N and westward with 15 N, the net force on the block is A. 35 N west. Fnet ma B. 35 N east. C. 5 N west. D. 5 N east. Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
16 Conceptual Physics Fundamentals Chapter 4 When a 10-kg block is simultaneously pushed eastward with 20 N and westward with 15 N, the acceleration of the block is A. 0.5 m/s 2 east. Fnet ma B. 0.5 m/s 2 west. C. 0.5 m/s 2 east west. D. none of the above. Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
17 Acceleration ~ Net Force a F net m
18 Acceleration ~ 1/Mass a F net m
19 Newton s Second Law of Motion CHECK YOUR NEIGHBOR Consider a cart pushed along a track with a certain force. If the force remains the same while the mass of the cart decreases to half, the acceleration of the cart A. remains the same. a F net B. halves. C. doubles. m D. changes unpredictably.
20 Newton s Second Law of Motion CHECK YOUR ANSWER Consider a cart pushed along a track with a certain force. If the force remains the same while the mass of the cart decreases to half, the acceleration of the cart A. remains the same. a F net B. halves. C. doubles. m D. changes unpredictably.
21 Newton s Second Law of Motion CHECK YOUR NEIGHBOR Push a cart along a track so twice as much net force acts on it. If the acceleration remains the same, what is a reasonable explanation? A. The mass of the cart doubled when the force doubled. B. The cart experiences a force that it didn t before. C. The track is not level. D. Friction reversed direction.
22 Newton s Second Law of Motion CHECK YOUR ANSWER Push a cart along a track so twice as much net force acts on it. If the acceleration remains the same, what is a reasonable explanation? A. The mass of the cart doubled when the force doubled. B. The cart experiences a force that it didn t before. C. The track is not level. D. Friction reversed direction. (Work Book 16)
23 Static Friction Frictional Forces Sliding Friction
24 Static Friction Frictional Forces a F net m Sliding Friction a F m f
25 Question: Frictional Forces Static Friction F f a Sliding Friction m What net force does a sliding crate experience when you exert a force of 110 N and the sliding friction between the crate and the floor is 110 N? What can you say about the motion of the crate? Is it moving? Is it accelerating? (Workbook pg 21)
26 Force of Gravity: Weight F W ma mg g 9.8 m/ s 2
27 Rock & Feather A rock and feather fall with the same acceleration due to gravity. Is the force of gravity acting on them the same?
28 Rock & Feather NO! The force of gravity acting on them is their weight!
29 Rock & Feather Why does the rock and feather fall with the same acceleration due to gravity?
30 Rock & Feather The acceleration due to gravity is the same for all object regardless of weight. More massive objects resist their change in motion more than less massive objects. The ratio F/m always turns out to be g.
31 Free Fall Acceleration
32 Air Resistance Air resistance is proportional to the size and speed of an object. WHY?
33 Air Resistance Air resistance is proportional to the size and speed of an object. The bigger the object, the more air it has to push aside. The faster the object, the faster it has to push air aside.
34 Terminal Velocity When the air resistance balances the weight (R = W), the object stops accelerating and it falls with constant velocity called the Terminal Velocity. W R a F net m W m W a m 0
35 Terminal Velocity Which person will have the greatest terminal velocity. Why?
36 Terminal Velocity The heavier an object, the greater the terminal velocity. WHY?
37 Terminal Velocity The heavier object requires greater air resistance to balance its weight and therefore more speed so the heavier object accelerates longer and has a greater speed and greater terminal velocity. (Work Book page 22!)
38 Newton s Second Law of Motion CHECK YOUR NEIGHBOR As the skydiver falls faster and faster through the air, air resistance A. increases. B. decreases. C. remains the same. D. not enough information Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
39 Newton s Second Law of Motion CHECK YOUR ANSWER As the skydiver falls faster and faster through the air, air resistance A. increases. B. decreases. C. remains the same. D. not enough information Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
40 Newton s Second Law of Motion CHECK YOUR NEIGHBOR As the skydiver continues to fall faster and faster through the air, net force A. increases. B. decreases. C. remains the same. D. not enough information Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
41 Newton s Second Law of Motion CHECK YOUR ANSWER As the skydiver continues to fall faster and faster through the air, net force A. increases. B. decreases. C. remains the same. D. not enough information Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
42 Newton s Second Law of Motion CHECK YOUR NEIGHBOR As the skydiver continues to fall faster and faster through the air, her acceleration A. increases. B. decreases. C. remains the same. D. not enough information Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
43 Newton s Second Law of Motion CHECK YOUR ANSWER As the skydiver continues to fall faster and faster through the air, her acceleration A. increases. B. decreases. C. remains the same. D. not enough information Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
44 A situation to ponder CHECK YOUR NEIGHBOR Consider a heavy and light person jumping together with the same-size parachutes from the same altitude. Who will reach the ground first? A. the light person B. the heavy person C. both will reach at the same time D. not enough information Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
45 A situation to ponder CHECK YOUR ANSWER Consider a heavy and light person jumping together with the same-size parachutes from the same altitude. Who will reach the ground first? A. the light person B. the heavy person C. both will reach at the same time D. not enough information Explanation: The heavier person has a greater terminal velocity. Do you know why? Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
46 Newton s Third Law
47 Newton s First Law (Law of Inertia) F 0 An object will remain at rest or in a constant state of motion unless acted upon by net external forces.
48 Newton s 2nd Law Fnet ma a F net m The acceleration of object is directly related to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.
49 Newton s 3rd Law F hand on wall F wall on hand To every force there is an equal but opposite reaction force.
50 Newton s 3rd Law F hand on wall F wall on hand You can t TOUCH without being TOUCHED back!!
51 Newton s 3rd Law F hand on wall F wall on hand This is an INTERACTIVE Universe.
52 An interaction requires a pair of forces acting on two objects.
53
54 Gravity is an Interaction F Earth on Rock F Rock on Earth
55 Gravity is an Interaction The Earth pulls on you, you pull on the Earth. You fall to the Earth, the Earth Falls to you. You accelerate towards the Earth with g = 10m/s 2. With what acceleration is the Earth falling towards you? F Earth on You mg a E 662N F M a mg M You on Earth a 1.1x10 22 m / s 2 E 5.98x10 24 kg E E E
56 Force is not Acceleration F Earth on You F You on Earth The forces are equal but the accelerations are not!
57 Free Fall Is the acceleration due to gravity zero?
58 Free Fall You feel weightless in free fall because there is no floor pushing up against you.
59 Bug Splat A bug and bus have a head on collision. Compared to the FORCE that acts on the bug, how much force acts on the bus? More Same Less Newton s 3rd Law: F bus bug F bug bus
60 Bug Splat Which undergoes the greater acceleration? a F m Bug Same Bus Which suffers the greatest damage? Bug Same Bus
61 Action Reaction Pairs kick Gun Pushes Bullet out. Bullet Pushes back on Gun (& Man)
62 Rocket Thrust Rocket Pushes Gas Out. Gas Pushes Back on Rocket.
63
64
65 Action-Reaction Pairs If ACTION is A acting on B, then REACTION is B acting on A.
66 Action-Reaction Pairs (Work Book page 23 & 24!)
67 Action-Reaction You push a heavy car by hand. The car, in turn, pushes back with an opposite but equal force on you. Doesn t this mean the forces cancel one another, making acceleration impossible? Why or Why not? Action-Reaction pairs act on different objects. For F = ma, all the forces act on the same object.
68 Newton s Third Law of Motion CHECK YOUR NEIGHBOR When you step off a curb, Earth pulls you downward. The reaction to this force is A. a slight air resistance. B. nonexistent in this case. C. you pulling Earth upward. D. none of the above
69 Newton s Third Law of Motion CHECK YOUR ANSWER When you step off a curb, Earth pulls you downward. The reaction to this force is A. a slight air resistance. B. nonexistent in this case. C. you pulling Earth upward. D. none of the above
70 Newton s Third Law of Motion Action and Reaction on Different Masses cannonball: F/m = a cannon: F/m = a the same force exerted on a small mass produces a large acceleration the same force exerted on a large mass produces a small acceleration
71 Newton s Third Law of Motion CHECK YOUR NEIGHBOR When a cannon is fired, the accelerations of the cannon and cannonball are different because the A. forces don t occur at the same time. B. forces, although theoretically the same, in practice are not. C. masses are different. D. ratios of force to mass are the same.
72 Newton s Third Law of Motion CHECK YOUR ANSWER When a cannon is fired, the accelerations of the cannon and cannonball are different because the A. forces don t occur at the same time. B. forces, although theoretically the same, in practice are not. C. masses are different. D. ratios of force to mass are the same.
73 Newton s Third Law of Motion A situation to ponder Consider a high-speed bus colliding head-on with an innocent bug. The force of impact splatters the unfortunate bug over the windshield.
74 A situation to ponder CHECK YOUR NEIGHBOR Which is greater, the force on the bug or the force on the bus? A. bug B. bus C. both are the same D. cannot say
75 A situation to ponder CHECK YOUR ANSWER Which is greater, the force on the bug or the force on the bus? A. bug B. bus C. both are the same D. cannot say Comment: Although the forces are equal in magnitude, the effects are very different. Do you know why?
76 Newton s Third Law of Motion CHECK YOUR NEIGHBOR Two people of equal mass on slippery ice push off from each other. Will both move at the same speed in opposite directions? A. yes B. yes, but only if both push equally C. no D. no, unless acceleration occurs
77 Newton s Third Law of Motion CHECK YOUR ANSWER Two people of equal mass on slippery ice push off from each other. Will both move at the same speed in opposite directions? A. yes B. yes, but only if both push equally C. no D. no, unless acceleration occurs Explanation: However they push, the result is equal-magnitude forces on equal masses, which produces equal accelerations; therefore, there are equal changes in speed.
78 Vector quantity Vectors has magnitude and direction is represented by an arrow example: velocity, force, acceleration Scalar quantity has magnitude example: mass, volume, speed
79 Vectors Resultant the sum of two or more vectors for vectors in the same direction, add arithmetically for vectors in opposite directions, subtract arithmetically two vectors that don t act in the same or opposite direction use parallelogram rule two vectors at right angles to each other use Pythagorean theorem: R 2 = V 2 + H 2
80 Vectors Vector Components vertical and horizontal components of a vector are perpendicular to each other determined by resolution (Work Book page 25, 26, 29!)
81 Vectors CHECK YOUR NEIGHBOR Referring to the figure, which of the following are true statements? A. 50 N is the resultant of the 30 and 40-N vectors. B. The 30-N vector can be considered a component of the 50-N vector. C. The 40-N vector can be considered a component of the 50-N vector. D. All of the above are correct.
82 Vectors CHECK YOUR ANSWER Referring to the figure, which of the following are true statements? A. 50 N is the resultant of the 30 and the 40-N vectors. B. The 30-N vector can be considered a component of the 50-N vector. C. The 40-N vector can be considered a component of the 50-N vector. D. All of the above are correct.
83 Vectors CHECK YOUR NEIGHBOR Referring to the figure, which of the following are true statements? A. 100 km/h is the resultant of the 80 and 60-km/h vectors. B. The 80-km/h vector can be considered a component of the 100-km/h vector. C. The 60-km/h vector can be considered a component of the 100-km/h vector. D. All of the above are correct.
84 Vectors CHECK YOUR ANSWER Referring to the figure, which of the following are true statements? A. 100 km/h is the resultant of the 80 and 60-km/h vectors. B. The 80-km/h vector can be considered a component of the 100-km/h vector. C. The 60-km/h vector can be considered a component of the 100-km/h vector. D. All of the above are correct.
85 Vectors CHECK YOUR NEIGHBOR You run horizontally at 4 m/s in a vertically falling rain that falls at 4 m/s. Relative to you, the raindrops are falling at an angle of A. 0. B. 45. C. 53. D. 90.
86 Vectors CHECK YOUR ANSWER You run horizontally at 4 m/s in a vertically falling rain that falls at 4 m/s. Relative to you, the raindrops are falling at an angle of A. 0. B. 45. C. 53. D. 90. Explanation: The horizontal 4 m/s and vertical 4 m/s combine by the parallelogram rule to produce a resultant of 5.6 m/s at 45.
87 Summary of Newton s Three Laws of Motion Newton s first law of motion (the law of inertia) An object at rest tends to remain at rest; an object in motion tends to remain in motion at constant speed along a straight-line path. Newton s second law of motion (the law of acceleration) When a net force acts on an object, the object will accelerate. The acceleration is directly proportional to the net force and inversely proportional to the mass. Newton s third law of motion (the law of action and reaction) Whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first.
Chapter 4: Newton's Second Law of Motion
Lecture Outline Chapter 4: Newton's Second Law of Motion This lecture will help you understand: Force Causes Acceleration Friction Mass and Weight Newton's Second Law of Motion Free Fall Nonfree Fall Force
More informationNewton s 3 Laws of Motion
Newton s 3 Laws of Motion 1. If F = 0 No change in motion 2. = ma Change in motion Fnet 3. F = F 1 on 2 2 on 1 Newton s First Law (Law of Inertia) An object will remain at rest or in a constant state of
More informationChapter 4 Force and Motion
Chapter 4 Force and Motion Units of Chapter 4 The Concepts of Force and Net Force Inertia and Newton s First Law of Motion Newton s Second Law of Motion Newton s Third Law of Motion More on Newton s Laws:
More informationConceptual Physics Fundamentals
Conceptual Physics Fundamentals Chapter 3: EQUILIBRIUM AND LINEAR MOTION This lecture will help you understand: Aristotle on Motion Galileo s Concept of Inertia Mass A Measure of Inertia Net Force The
More informationConceptual Physics Fundamentals. Chapter 3: EQUILIBRIUM AND LINEAR MOTION
Conceptual Physics Fundamentals Chapter 3: EQUILIBRIUM AND LINEAR MOTION This lecture will help you understand: Aristotle on Motion Galileo s Concept of Inertia Mass A Measure of Inertia Net Force The
More informationPhysics 100. Today. Finish Chapter 4: Newton s Second Law. Start Chapter 5: Newton s Third Law
Physics 100 Today Finish Chapter 4: Newton s Second Law Start Chapter 5: Newton s Third Law First, let s clarify notion of a force: Previously defined force as a push or pull. Better to think of force
More informationIsaac Newton ( ) 1687 Published Principia Invented Calculus 3 Laws of Motion Universal Law of Gravity
Isaac Newton (1642-1727) 1687 Published Principia Invented Calculus 3 Laws of Motion Universal Law of Gravity Newton s First Law (Law of Inertia) An object will remain at rest or in a constant state of
More informationChapter 4. The Laws of Motion
Chapter 4 The Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics Describes the relationship between the motion of objects in our everyday world and the forces acting on them Conditions when Classical Mechanics does not
More informationChapter 2: Newton's First Law of Motion Inertia
Lecture Outline Chapter 2: Newton's First Law of Motion Inertia This lecture will help you understand: Aristotle's Ideas of Motion Galileo's Concept of Inertia Newton's First Law of Motion Net Force and
More informationPhysics 101. Today Chapter 5: Newton s Third Law
Physics 101 Today Chapter 5: Newton s Third Law First, let s clarify notion of a force: Previously defined force as a push or pull. Better to think of force as an interaction between two objects. Eg. I
More informationthat when friction is present, a is needed to keep an object moving. 21. State Newton s first law of motion.
Chapter 3 Newton s First Law of Motion Inertia Exercises 31 Aristotle on Motion (pages 29 30) Fill in the blanks with the correct terms 1 Aristotle divided motion into two types: and 2 Natural motion on
More informationYanbu University College. General Studies Department. Phsc001 Course (111) Chapter2 (forces) Worksheet Solutions
1 Yanbu University College General Studies Department Phsc001 Course (111) Chapter2 (forces) Worksheet Solutions 2 Chapter 2 Worksheet Part 1 Matching: Match the definitions with the given concepts. 1.
More informationForces & Newton s Laws. Honors Physics
Forces & Newton s Laws Honors Physics Newton s 1 st Law An object in motion stays in motion, and an object at rest stays at rest, unless an unbalanced force acts on it. An object will maintain a constant
More informationForce. The cause of an acceleration or change in an object s motion. Any kind of a push or pull on an object.
Force The cause of an acceleration or change in an object s motion. Any kind of a push or pull on an object. Forces do not always give rise to motion. Forces can be equal and opposite. Force is a vector
More informationP11 Dynamics 1 Forces and Laws of Motion Bundle.notebook October 14, 2013
Dynamics 1 Definition of Dynamics Dynamics is the study of why an object moves. In order to understand why objects move, we must first study forces. Forces A force is defined as a push or a pull. Forces
More informationName Class Date. height. Which ball would land first according to Aristotle? Explain.
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading A Section: Gravity and Motion 1. Suppose a baseball and a marble are dropped at the same time from the same height. Which ball would land first according to Aristotle?
More informationChapter 2. Forces & Newton s Laws
Chapter 2 Forces & Newton s Laws 1st thing you need to know Everything from chapter 1 Speed formula Acceleration formula All their units There is only 1 main formula, but some equations will utilize previous
More informationCHAPTER 2. FORCE and Motion. CHAPTER s Objectives
19 CHAPTER 2 FORCE and Motion CHAPTER s Objectives To define a force To understand the relation between force and motion In chapter 1, we understood that the Greek philosopher Aristotle was the first who
More informationNEWTON S LAWS OF MOTION. Chapter 2: pages Review questions 1, 5-10, 14, 17, 21-24, 30
NEWTON S LAWS OF MOTION Chapter 2: pages 37-53 Review questions 1, 5-10, 14, 17, 21-24, 30 Sir Isaac Newton Born 1642 1665 began individual studies Proved universal gravitation Invented the Calculus Reflector
More informationForce, Friction & Gravity Notes
Force, Friction & Gravity Notes Key Terms to Know Speed: The distance traveled by an object within a certain amount of time. Speed = distance/time Velocity: Speed in a given direction Acceleration: The
More informationForces and Newton s Laws Notes
Forces and Newton s Laws Notes Force An action exerted on an object which can change the motion of the object. The SI unit for force is the Newton (N) o N = (kg m)/s 2 o Pound is also a measure of force
More informationFoundations of Physical Science. Unit One: Forces and Motion
Foundations of Physical Science Unit One: Forces and Motion Chapter 3: Forces and Motion 3.1 Force, Mass and Acceleration 3.2 Weight, Gravity and Friction 3.3 Equilibrium, Action and Reaction Learning
More informationPhysics 100 Reminder: for on-line lectures
Physics 100 Reminder: http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/physics/courses/physics100/fall-2016 for on-line lectures Today: Finish Chapter 3 Chap 4 - Newton s Second Law In Chapter 4, we establish a relationship
More information6.1 Force Causes Acceleration. Unbalanced forces acting on an object cause the object to accelerate. Recall the definition of acceleration:
Recall the definition of acceleration: An object accelerates when a net force acts on it. The cause of acceleration is force. 6.1 Force Causes Acceleration Unbalanced forces acting on an object cause the
More informationIsaac Newton. What is the acceleration of the car? "If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants" Isaac Newton to Robert Hooke
Aim: What did Isaac Newton teach us about motion? Do Now: 1. A 2009 Ford Mustang convertible is travelling at constant velocity on Interstate 95 south from Philadelphia to Wilmington Delaware. It passes
More informationAristotle s Ideas of Motion. Conceptual Physics 11 th Edition. Galileo s Concept of Inertia. Aristotle s Ideas of Motion. Galileo s Concept of Inertia
Aristotle s Ideas of Motion Conceptual Physics 11 th Edition Chapter 2: NEWTON S FIRST LAW OF MOTION INERTIA Natural motion (continued) Straight up or straight down for all things on Earth. Beyond Earth,
More informationChapter 5 Newton s Laws of Motion. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 5 Newton s Laws of Motion Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Force and Mass Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Units of Chapter 5 Newton s First Law of Motion Newton s Second Law of Motion
More informationThe net force on a moving object is suddenly reduced to zero. As a consequence, the object
The net force on a moving object is suddenly reduced to zero. As a consequence, the object (A) stops abruptly (B) stops during a short time interval (C) changes direction (D) continues at a constant velocity
More informationSPS8. STUDENTS WILL DETERMINE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG FORCE, MASS, AND MOTION.
MOTION & FORCES SPS8. STUDENTS WILL DETERMINE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG FORCE, MASS, AND MOTION. A. CALCULATE VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION. B. APPLY NEWTON S THREE LAWS TO EVERYDAY SITUATIONS BY EXPLAINING THE
More informationI. AXN/RXN W.S. In the example below, the action-reaction pair is shown by the arrows (vectors), and the action-reaction described in words.
I. AXN/RXN W.S. In the example below, the action-reaction pair is shown by the arrows (vectors), and the action-reaction described in words. 1. For the remaining situations, discuss with your neighbor
More informationChapter: Newton s Laws of Motion
Table of Contents Chapter: Newton s Laws of Motion Section 1: Motion Section 2: Newton s First Law Section 3: Newton s Second Law Section 4: Newton s Third Law 1 Motion What is motion? Distance and Displacement
More informationUnit 4 Forces (Newton s Laws)
Name: Pd: Date: Unit Forces (Newton s Laws) The Nature of Forces force A push or pull exerted on an object. newton A unit of measure that equals the force required to accelerate kilogram of mass at meter
More informationBEFORE YOU READ. Forces and Motion Gravity and Motion STUDY TIP. After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions:
CHAPTER 2 1 SECTION Forces and Motion Gravity and Motion BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: How does gravity affect objects? How does air resistance
More informationNote on Posted Slides. Net Force. Normal Force a.k.a. Support Force. PHY205H1S Physics of Everyday Life Class 3. Review from Class 1: What is a force?
Note on Posted Slides These are the slides that I intended to show in class on Tue. Jan. 14, 014. They contain important ideas and questions from your reading. Due to time constraints, I was probably not
More informationNewton's First law of Motion
Newton's First law of Motion Newton's first law of motion is known as the Law of Inertia "Every object continues in a state of rest, or of uniform motion in a straight line at constant speed, unless it
More informationPractice Honors Physics Test: Newtons Laws
Name: Class: Date: Practice Honors Physics Test: Newtons Laws Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Acceleration is defined as the CHANGE in
More informationFour naturally occuring forces
Forces System vs Environment: system the object the force is applied to environment the world around the object that exerts the force Type Forces: Contact is applied by touching Long range exerted without
More informationSir Isaac Newton ( ) One of the world s greatest scientists Developed the 3 Laws of Motion
Motion and Forces Sir Isaac Newton (1643 1727) One of the world s greatest scientists Developed the 3 Laws of Motion Newton s Laws of Motion 1 st Law Law of Inertia 2 nd Law Force = Mass x Acceleration
More information7. Two forces are applied to a 2.0-kilogram block on a frictionless horizontal surface, as shown in the diagram below.
1. Which statement about the movement of an object with zero acceleration is true? The object must be at rest. The object must be slowing down. The object may be speeding up. The object may be in motion.
More information4. As you increase your push, will friction on the crate increase also? Ans. Yes it will.
Ch. 4 Newton s Second Law of Motion p.65 Review Questions 3. How great is the force of friction compared with your push on a crate that doesn t move on a level floor? Ans. They are equal in magnitude and
More informationNewton s 3 Laws. Explain Newton s 3 Laws of Motion. Cite observed evidence for each law of motion.
Name: Date: 1/16 Period: Unit 3 Newton s 3 Laws Essential Questions: How do forces affect motion? What can you conclude about net force on an object when you don t observe it accelerate? When a mosquito
More information12-Newton's law os Motion. The net force acting on a box is 18 newtons upward. The box accelerates at a rate of 3 m/s 2.
Read each question carefully. 1) The net force acting on a box is 18 newtons upward. The box accelerates at a rate of 3 m/s 2. What is the box's mass? 6 kg 15 kg 21 kg 54 kg 2) A motorcycle and a van collide
More informationConcepTest PowerPoints
ConcepTest PowerPoints Chapter 4 Physics: Principles with Applications, 6 th edition Giancoli 2005 Pearson Prentice Hall This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for
More informationDynamics Multiple Choice Homework
Dynamics Multiple Choice Homework PSI Physics Name 1. In the absence of a net force, a moving object will A. slow down and eventually stop B. stop immediately C. turn right D. move with constant velocity
More information1. A train moves at a constant velocity of 90 km/h. How far will it move in 0.25 h? A. 10 km B km C. 25 km D. 45 km E. 50 km
Name: Physics I Mid Term Exam Review Multiple Choice Questions Date: Mr. Tiesler 1. A train moves at a constant velocity of 90 km/h. How far will it move in 0.25 h? A. 10 km B. 22.5 km C. 25 km D. 45 km
More informationChapter 4 Newton s Laws
Chapter 4 Newton s Laws Isaac Newton 1642-1727 Some inventions and discoveries: 3 laws of motion Universal law of gravity Calculus Ideas on: Sound Light Thermodynamics Reflecting telescope In this chapter,
More informationPhysics. Chapter 5 Newton s Third Law
Physics Chapter 5 Newton s Third Law Forces and Interactions In previous lessons, we defined a force as a push or pull. But in reality, no push or pull EVER occurs alone. They come in pairs. Some examples:
More information8. The graph below shows a beetle s movement along a plant stem.
Name: Block: Date: Introductory Physics: Midyear Review 1. Motion and Forces Central Concept: Newton s laws of motion and gravitation describe and predict the motion of most objects. 1.1 Compare and contrast
More informationPhysics Midterm Review Sheet
Practice Problems Physics Midterm Review Sheet 2012 2013 Aswers 1 Speed is: a a measure of how fast something is moving b the distance covered per unit time c always measured in units of distance divided
More informationTwentieth SLAPT Physics Contest Southern Illinois University Edwardsville April 30, Mechanics Test
Twentieth SLAPT Physics Contest Southern Illinois University Edwardsville April 30, 2005 Mechanics Test Please answer the following questions on the supplied answer sheet. You may write on this test booklet,
More informationConceptual Physics 11 th Edition
Conceptual Physics 11 th Edition Chapter 4: NEWTON S SECOND LAW OF MOTION Force Causes Acceleration Friction Mass Resists Acceleration Newton s Second Law of Motion Free Fall Non-Free Fall Force causes
More informationA N D. c h a p t e r 1 2 M O T I O N F O R C E S
F O R C E S A N D c h a p t e r 1 2 M O T I O N What is a FORCE? A FORCE is a push or pull that acts on an object. A force can cause a resting object to move OR Accelerate a moving object by: changing
More informationCHAPTER 2: NEWTON S 1 ST LAW OF MOTION-INERTIA 01/02/18
CHAPTER 2: NEWTON S 1 ST LAW OF MOTION-INERTIA 01/02/18 HISTORY OF IDEAS ABOUT MOTION Aristotle (384-322 BC) o Natural Motion An object will strive to get to its proper place determined by its nature or
More informationScience 20 Physics Review
Science 20 Physics Review Name 1. Which velocity-time graph below best represents the motion of an object sliding down a frictionless slope? a. b. c. d. Numerical response 1 The roadrunner is moving at
More informationMake sure you know the three laws inside and out! You must know the vocabulary too!
Newton's Laws Study Guide Test March 9 th The best plan is to study every night for 15 to 20 minutes. Make sure you know the three laws inside and out! You must know the vocabulary too! Newton s First
More information1. A sphere with a radius of 1.7 cm has a volume of: A) m 3 B) m 3 C) m 3 D) 0.11 m 3 E) 21 m 3
1. A sphere with a radius of 1.7 cm has a volume of: A) 2.1 10 5 m 3 B) 9.1 10 4 m 3 C) 3.6 10 3 m 3 D) 0.11 m 3 E) 21 m 3 2. A 25-N crate slides down a frictionless incline that is 25 above the horizontal.
More informationForce Test Review. 1. Give two ways to increase acceleration. You can increase acceleration by decreasing mass or increasing force.
Force Test Review 1. Give two ways to increase acceleration. You can increase acceleration by decreasing mass or increasing force. 2. Define weight. The force of gravity on an object at the surface of
More informationNewton's 1 st Law. Newton s Laws. Newton's 2 nd Law of Motion. Newton's Second Law (cont.) Newton's Second Law (cont.)
Newton s Laws 1) Inertia - objects in motion stay in motion 2) F=ma 3) Equal and opposite reactions Newton's 1 st Law What is the natural state of motion of an object? An object at rest remains at rest,
More information1 In the absence of a net force, a moving object will. slow down and eventually stop stop immediately turn right move with constant velocity turn left
Slide 1 / 51 1 In the absence of a net force, a moving object will slow down and eventually stop stop immediately turn right move with constant velocity turn left Slide 2 / 51 2 When a cat sleeps on a
More informationChapter FOUR: Forces in One Dimension. kew. 7 1:30 PM. force: a push or pull exerted on an object. therefore, a force causes an acceleration
Chapter FOUR: Forces in One Dimension 4.1 Force and Motion force: a push or pull exerted on an object forces cause objects to: speed up slow down change direction = change in velocity therefore, a force
More information3. How long must a 100 N net force act to produce a change in momentum of 200 kg m/s? (A) 0.25 s (B) 0.50 s (C) 1.0 s (D) 2.0 s (E) 4.
AP Physics Multiple Choice Practice Momentum and Impulse 1. A car of mass m, traveling at speed v, stops in time t when maximum braking force is applied. Assuming the braking force is independent of mass,
More informationNEWTON S LAWS OF MOTION. Review
NEWTON S LAWS OF MOTION Review BACKGROUND Sir Isaac Newton (1643-1727) an English scientist and mathematician famous for his discovery of the law of gravity also discovered the three laws of motion. He
More informationPage 1. Name: Section This assignment is due at the first class in 2019 Part I Show all work!
Name: Section This assignment is due at the first class in 2019 Part I Show all work! 7164-1 - Page 1 1) A car travels at constant speed around a section of horizontal, circular track. On the diagram provided
More informationForces I. Newtons Laws
Forces I Newtons Laws Kinematics The study of how objects move Dynamics The study of why objects move Newton s Laws and Forces What is force? What are they? Force A push or a pull Symbol is F Unit is N
More informationForce Concept Inventory
Force Concept Inventory 1. Two metal balls are the same size but one weighs twice as much as the other. The balls are dropped from the roof of a single story building at the same instant of time. The time
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Diagram 1 A) B - A. B) A - B. C) A + B. D) A B.
Exam Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) In the diagram shown, the unknown vector is 1) Diagram 1 A) B - A. B) A - B. C) A + B.
More informationCh Forces & Motion. Forces can: 1. Cause a resting object to move 2. Accelerate a moving object (by changing speed or direction)
Ch. 12 - Forces & Motion Force --> a push or a pull that acts on an object Forces can: 1. Cause a resting object to move 2. Accelerate a moving object (by changing speed or direction) Force is measured
More information2 Mechanical Equilibrium. An object in mechanical equilibrium is stable, without changes in motion.
An object in mechanical equilibrium is stable, without changes in motion. Things that are in balance with one another illustrate equilibrium. Things in mechanical equilibrium are stable, without changes
More informationA hockey puck slides on ice at constant velocity. What is the net force acting on the puck?
A hockey puck slides on ice at constant velocity. What is the net force acting on the puck? A. Something more than its weight B. Equal to its weight C. Something less than its weight but more than zero
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Instructor(s): S. Obukhov PHYSICS DEPARTMENT PHY 2020 Midterm Exam 1 September 20, 2017 Name (print, last first): Signature: On my honor, I have neither given nor received unauthorized aid on this examination.
More informationComprehensive Exam Session III Classical Mechanics Physics Department- Proctor: Dr. Jack Straton (Sun. Jan 11 th, 2015) (3 hours long 1:00 to 4:00 PM)
Letter Comprehensive Exam Session III Classical Mechanics Physics Department- Proctor: Dr. Jack Straton (Sun. Jan 11 th, 2015) (3 hours long 1:00 to 4:00 PM) If you cannot solve the whole problem, write
More informationIntroductory Physics, High School Learning Standards for a Full First-Year Course
Introductory Physics, High School Learning Standards for a Full First-Year Course I. C ONTENT S TANDARDS Central Concept: Newton s laws of motion and gravitation describe and predict the motion of 1.1
More informationDiscussion Question. The Clickers Power Light. Sliding Friction. Normal Force a.k.a. Support Force
PHY205H1F Summer Physics of Everyday Life Class 2 Force Causes Acceleration Friction Mass and Weight Mass Resists Acceleration Newton s Second Law of Motion Newton s 3 rd how-fraud-drives-up-rates.html
More informationName: Class: Date: so sliding friction is better so sliding friction is better d. µ k
Name: Class: Date: Exam 2--PHYS 101-F08 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. You put your book on the seat next to you. When the bus stops,
More informationShow all workings for questions that involve multiple choice.
Assignment 2 Unit 2 Newton s Laws (Outcomes 325-5, 325-8) Name: Multiple Choice: Show all workings for questions that involve multiple choice. 1 Which choice represents a NON-INERTIAL frame of reference?
More informationChapter 6 Study Questions Name: Class:
Chapter 6 Study Questions Name: Class: Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. A feather and a rock dropped at the same time from
More informationGo on to the next page.
Chapter 10: The Nature of Force Force a push or a pull Force is a vector (it has direction) just like velocity and acceleration Newton the SI unit for force = kg m/s 2 Net force the combination of all
More information2.1 Force. Net Force. Net Force. Net Force
An object in mechanical equilibrium is stable, without changes in motion. Things that are in balance with one another illustrate equilibrium. Things in mechanical equilibrium are stable, without changes
More informationChapter 6 Energy and Oscillations
Chapter 6 Energy and Oscillations Conservation of Energy In this chapter we will discuss one of the most important and fundamental principles in the universe. Energy is conserved. This means that in any
More informationNewton s Laws Pre-Test
Newton s Laws Pre-Test 1.) Consider the following two statements and then select the option below that is correct. (i) It is possible for an object move in the absence of forces acting on the object. (ii)
More informationVersion PREVIEW Semester 1 Review Slade (22222) 1
Version PREVIEW Semester 1 Review Slade () 1 This print-out should have 48 questions. Multiple-choice questions may continue on the next column or page find all choices before answering. Holt SF 0Rev 10A
More information3 Using Newton s Laws
3 Using Newton s Laws What You ll Learn how Newton's first law explains what happens in a car crash how Newton's second law explains the effects of air resistance 4(A), 4(C), 4(D), 4(E) Before You Read
More information2. SKIP THIS YEAR What event will produce the greatest increase in the gravitational force between the two masses?
Forces Review: look over all labs and worksheets. Your answers should be in another color pen. This is not all inclusive of items on the test but a very close representation. 1. The table shows the results
More informationForces and Newton s Laws
chapter 3 Forces and Newton s Laws section 3 Using Newton s Laws Before You Read Imagine riding on a sled, or in a wagon, or perhaps a school bus that stops quickly or suddenly. What happens to your body
More informationPractice Test for Midterm Exam
A.P. Physics Practice Test for Midterm Exam Kinematics 1. Which of the following statements are about uniformly accelerated motion? Select two answers. a) If an object s acceleration is constant then it
More informationNewton s Contributions. Calculus Light is composed of rainbow colors Reflecting Telescope Laws of Motion Theory of Gravitation
Newton s Contributions Calculus Light is composed of rainbow colors Reflecting Telescope Laws of Motion Theory of Gravitation Newton s First Law (law of inertia) An object at rest tends to stay at rest
More informationGalileo & Friction 2000 yrs prior to inertia idea, the popular belief was that all objects want to come to a rest. BUT 1600's: Galileo reasoned that
Galileo & Friction 2000 yrs prior to inertia idea, the popular belief was that all objects want to come to a rest. BUT 1600's: Galileo reasoned that moving objects eventually stop only because of a force
More informationRegents Physics. Physics Midterm Review - Multiple Choice Problems
Name Physics Midterm Review - Multiple Choice Problems Regents Physics 1. A car traveling on a straight road at 15.0 meters per second accelerates uniformly to a speed of 21.0 meters per second in 12.0
More informationTournament Review Questions Forces
Tournament Review Questions Forces 1. Mass and acceleration are proportional to each other when a force is applied. 2. A pilot announces that the 500-kg plane is flying at a constant 900 km/hr. What is
More informationConceptual Physics, 12e (Hewitt) Chapter 2 Newton's First Law of Motion: Inertia. 2.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
Conceptual Physics, 12e (Hewitt) Chapter 2 Newton's First Law of Motion: Inertia 2.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) The earliest and most influential Greek philosopher was Aristotle, who among many contributions
More informationChapter: The Laws of Motion
Table of Contents Chapter: The Laws of Motion Section 1: Newton s Second Law Section 2: Gravity Section 3: The Third Law of Motion 1 Newton s Second Law Force, Mass, and Acceleration Newton s first law
More informationMain points of today s lecture: Normal force Newton s 3 d Law Frictional forces: kinetic friction: static friction Examples. Physic 231 Lecture 9
Main points of today s lecture: Normal force Newton s 3 d Law Frictional forces: kinetic friction: static friction Examples. Physic 3 Lecture 9 f N k = µ k f N s < µ s Atwood s machine Consider the Atwood
More informationForces & NEWTON S LAWS HOMEWORK
1 Forces & NEWTON S LAWS HOMEWORK BASIC CONCEPTS OF MASS VS. WEIGHT VS. VOLUME VS. DENSITY MULTIPLE CHOICE: You have one kilogram of feathers and one kilogram of lead. Which has more: 1. mass? 3. weight?
More informationNewton s Laws of Motion
Motion & Forces Newton s Laws of Motion If I have seen far, it is because I have stood on the shoulders of giants. - Sir Isaac Newton (referring to Galileo) A. Newton s First Law Newton s First Law of
More informationact concurrently on point P, as shown in the diagram. The equilibrant of F 1
Page 1 of 10 force-friction-vectors review Name 12-NOV-04 1. A 150.-newton force, F1, and a 200.-newton force, F 2, are applied simultaneously to the same point on a large crate resting on a frictionless,
More informationFor each of the following questions, give clear and complete evidence for your choice in the space provided.
Name (printed) First Day Stamp For each of the following questions, give clear and complete evidence for your choice in the space provided. 1. An astronomer observes that a certain heavenly body is moving
More informationPS113 Chapter 4 Forces and Newton s laws of motion
PS113 Chapter 4 Forces and Newton s laws of motion 1 The concepts of force and mass A force is described as the push or pull between two objects There are two kinds of forces 1. Contact forces where two
More information12.1 Forces and Motion Notes
12.1 Forces and Motion Notes What Is a Force? A is a push or a pull that acts on an object. A force can cause a object to, or it can a object by changing the object s speed or direction. Force can be measured
More informationPHYSICS. Chapter 5 Lecture FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS A STRATEGIC APPROACH 4/E RANDALL D. KNIGHT Pearson Education, Inc.
PHYSICS FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS A STRATEGIC APPROACH 4/E Chapter 5 Lecture RANDALL D. KNIGHT Chapter 5 Force and Motion IN THIS CHAPTER, you will learn about the connection between force and motion.
More information