A historical perspective on fine tuning: lessons from causal set cosmology
|
|
- Robyn Patrick
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 A historical perspective on fine tuning: lessons from causal set cosmology Fay Dowker Oxford th December 01 Rafael Sorkin, Graham Brightwell, Djamel Dou, Fay Dowker Raquel Garcia, Joe Henson, Xavier Martin, Denjoe O Connor, David Rideout.
2 Take away thoughts Effective Field Theory, including some form of locality, gives us fine tuning problems of which the cosmological constant problem is the most severe. A large/small (dimensionless) number can only be explained by relating it to some other large/small number. Either a parameter, or a number that is historically large e.g. the age of the universe. Causal sets are discrete spacetimes that are Lorentz invariant and nonlocal and provide a different cosmological paradigm to add-a-scalar-field-with-such-andsuch-a-potential modelling. Causal sets were used to predict the correct order of magnitude of Lambda. Causal set cosmology point towards historical explanations of other cosmological parameters. Discussion point: is a multiverse in which universes come into being, one after another according to laws of evolution, more explanatory than one in which they just exist? (Becoming vs Being?)
3 Plan Causal Sets Causal Set Quantum Gravity Causal Set Lambda A Bouncing universe, evolving from epoch to epoch: self-tuning? Discussion points
4 Quantum Gravity: we must be radical and yet conservative To arrive at a theory of quantum gravity we must make a creative leap, from a position that is grounded in current knowledge. Identifying the grounded position is itself a creative act. The causal set approach claims that certain aspects of General Relativity and quantum theory will have direct counterparts in quantum gravity: the spacetime causal order from General Relativity and the path integral from quantum theory. It makes one main new hypothesis about the nature of the physical world: fundamental discreteness of spacetime. Taken together, these three things form the bare bones conceptual basis of causal set theory: the spacetime causal order and atomicity furnish the kinematics and the path integral provides the framework for the quantum dynamics.
5 Causal structure at the heart of General Relativity Spacetime in General Relativity has a causal structure. That causal structure is fundamental to understanding General Relativity. The epitome of the theory is a Black Hole and our understanding is in 4- dimensional, spacetime, causal terms. For example, Hawking s area theorem is proved using global causal analysis -- it cannot be understood in terms of three dimensional entities evolving in time. Further, this causal order unifies within itself the topology (inc. dimension), differentiable structure and 9/10 of the metric of a Lorentzian manifold (Robb, Alexandrov, Zeeman, Penrose, Kronheimer, Hawking, Malament) Spacetime in General Relativity almost is a causal order.
6 Causal sets: the marriage of causality and atomicity The missing tenth of the geometry, not given by causal order, is local physical scale. To account for spacetime as we know it, need to provide causal order and physical scale. Discreteness does the job because we can count the spacetime atoms: Order + Number = Geometry Now, it is widely expected that the differentiable Lorentzian manifold structure of spacetime will break down at the Planck scale. Fundamental spacetime atomicity is perhaps the simplest way to realise this expectation. It happens to be exactly what is necessary if one is drawn to conceive of spacetime as pure causal order. A causal set is a discrete causal order: Not a marriage of convenience but the uniting of soul mates
7 A causal set that is well approximated by d Minkowski space Future Time Hasse dimension Lorentz inv nonlocal relational austere no background Past Space On Planckian scales, this is what Minkowski space is (like) Not just Minkowski, any Lorentzian manifold
8 A Causal Set is a discrete order A causal set (or causet) is a set, C, with a binary relation,, referred to as precedes, which satisfies: * Transitivity: if x y and y z then x z, x, y, z C; * Acyclicity: if x y and y x then x = y, x, y C; * Local finiteness: for any ordered pair of elements x and z of C, the cardinality of the set {y x y z} is finite The first two axioms say that C is a partial order. The third axiom is what makes the set discrete. The elements of C are the atoms of spacetime The deep structure of spacetime is a causal set At macroscopic scales, the order gives rise to the spacetime causal order and the number of elements gives the spacetime Volume: Number Volume ( thooft; Myrheim; Bombelli, Lee, Meyer, Sorkin)
9 Everpresent Lambda (Sorkin; Ahmed, Dodelson, Green, Sorkin) In the early 1990 s Rafael Sorkin predicted the value of the Cosmological Constant using a heuristic argument based on expectations of quantum causal set theory. Other scientists were shocked by the discovery of the accelerated expansion; causal set theorists were thrilled. Since Number ~ Volume, it is natural in a path integral for causal set quantum gravity to fix N for the causal sets summed over: a justification for unimodular gravity (Weinberg) Fixing N means fluctuations in V of order V N V V and Lambda are canonically conjugate (as Time and Energy) so V Λ 1 Λ 1 V H If Lambda fluctuates about zero, then what we see is only the fluctuation
10 The one successful Quantum Gravity prediction to date The nonlocality of causets is crucial. The model is homogeneous by fiat. Allowing spatial fluctuations in Lambda is the next challenge: Barrow and Zuntz showed that a local model of an inhomogeneous Lambda would be incompatible with δρ ρ 10 so if we can discover a viable model it will have to be nonlocal. Causal Set Lambda is Everpresent Lambda -- no fine tuning required to explain Why now It doesn t explain why Lambda is driven to zero but assuming this, the observed Lambda is as small as it is because the universe is as big as it is.
11 Causal set cosmology Path integral Quantum Theory is a species of generalised stochastic process: Quantum Mechanics is a generalisation of Brownian motion or a random walk. Therefore, as a warm up for quantum causal set theory, it makes sense to construct classical stochastic models for causal sets: random causal sets...there s a vast array of possibilities for probability distributions...how to choose something that has some chance of being physically relevant as a law of motion for a discrete spacetime? Note: others are finding discrete models of causal structure useful to gain insight into cosmological questions: Figure from Eternal Symmetree by Harlow, Shenker, Stanford, Susskind arxiv:
12
13 0
14 0 1
15 0 1
16 0 1
17 4 0 1
18 4 0 1
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33 Physical conditions lead to interesting models Discrete General Covariance (label invariance) and a local causality condition (called Bell causality) severely restrict the models. A Classical Sequential Growth (CSG) model, specified by a sequence of nonnegative real numbers t 0 =1,t 1,t,t,... The CSG class contains some fascinating models, with suggestive properties
34 Transitive percolation In TP, each newborn chooses to be above each potential ancestor with prob p t n = t n p = t 1+t Mathematically well-studied: the Lorentzian analogue of the Erdos-Renyi random graph For p = 1, 0 this dynamics grows a bouncing universe: Picture To grow to a realistic size, p (or t ) has to be tuned to be very small
35 Generalised percolation In generalised percolation each newborn chooses to be above each potential subset of ancestors with relative probability t n t n = α log n n α > π α < π there are almost surely infinitely many posts there are almost surely finitely many posts There are a.s. infinitely many posts if t n grows faster than that.
36 Graham Brightwell at DIAS in 004!
37 Why the obsession with posts? The dynamics of each epoch is governed by an effective set of couplings, derived by application of a renormalisation transformation from the original ones: t n = t n + t n+1 applied N times where N is the number of elements to the past of the current epoch Under this transformation, the set of couplings tends pointwise to percolation with t = lim (t n) 1 n n For the class of models identified by Brightwell, this limit is zero. We conjecture that in each epoch, the effective dynamics is close to percolation with a decreasing value of t from epoch to epoch. This cosmic renormalisation transformation would then result in a selftuning universe (work in progress).
38 Summary Causal sets are models of discrete spacetime that take GR seriously, are Lorentz invariant and useful to have in your toolkit for quantum gravity phenomenology Sorkin predicted the order of magnitude of the observed cosmological constant using expectations of causal set quantum gravity: Lambda fluctuates. There are causal set cosmologies (physically motivated) which result in bouncing universes with effective laws for each epoch derived from a cosmic renormalisation group. These have the potential to be models of a self tuning universe
39 Some references Forks in the road on the way to quantum gravity, Sorkin, gr-qc/ Everpresent Lambda Ahmed, Dodelson, Green, Sorkin, astro-ph/00974 Observables in causal set cosmology Brightwell, Dowker, Garcia, Henson, Sorkin, gr-qc/ On the renormalisation transformations induced by cycles of expansion and contraction in causal set cosmology Martin, O Connor, Rideout, Sorkin, gr-qc/
Discrete Spacetime and Fluctuating Lambda. Fay Dowker Queen Mary, Jan 27th 2015
Discrete Spacetime and Fluctuating Lambda Fay Dowker Queen Mary, Jan 27th 2015 Quantum Gravity: we must be both radical and conservative The Quantum/Gravity boundary: physics is at its least unified. Also
More informationCausal Sets: Overview and Status
University of Mississippi QGA3 Conference, 25 Aug 2006 The Central Conjecture Causal Sets A causal set is a partially ordered set, meaning that x, y, z x y, y z x z x y, y x x = y which is locally finite,
More informationQuantum Field Theory on a Causal Set
Quantum Field Theory on a Causal Set Fay Dowker Imperial College, London York April 2017 QFT in curved spacetime I A stepping stone to quantum gravity I Furnishes us with a quantum gravity result: the
More informationLorentzian Geometry from Discrete Causal Structure
Lorentzian Geometry from Discrete Causal Structure Sumati Surya Raman Research Institute FTAG Sept 2013 (RRI) March 2013 1 / 25 Outline An Introduction to the Causal Set Approach to Quantum Gravity LBombelli,
More informationPosts in Transitive Percolation
in Transitive Percolation First from Dq Dg Department of Mathematics Knox College arxiv:/0809.2258 18th Midwest Relativity Meeting October 24, 2008 Who We Are Definition ( Dq Dg ) Discrete Quantum Dynamics
More informationThe Causal Set Approach to Quantum Gravity
Department of Physics The Causal Set Approach to Quantum Gravity Author: Yichao Hu Supervisor: Prof. Fay Dowker September 2013 Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master
More informationCausal Sets Approach to Quantum Gravity
Causal Sets Approach to Quantum Gravity Mir Emad Aghili 1 1 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Mississippi, 38677 Introduction The fact that singularities happen in general relativity is
More informationCauset Dynamics with Dq Dg.
Causet Dynamics with Dq Dg. Department of Mathematics Knox College 17th Midwest Relativity Meeting November 2, 2007 Motivation Causets Classical Sequential Growth Reminder Points p and q in a (causal)
More informationCAUSAL SET APPROACH TO DISCRETE QUANTUM GRAVITY
CAUSAL SET APPROACH TO DISCRETE QUANTUM GRAVITY S. Gudder Department of Mathematics University of Denver Denver, Colorado 80208, U.S.A. sgudder@du.edu Abstract We begin by describing a sequential growth
More informationCURVATURE AND QUANTUM MECHANICS ON COVARIANT CAUSAL SETS
CURVATURE AND QUANTUM MECHANICS ON COVARIANT CAUSAL SETS S. Gudder Department of Mathematics University of Denver Denver, Colorado 80208, U.S.A. sgudder@du.edu Abstract This article begins by reviewing
More information(Quantum) Fields on Causal Sets
(Quantum) Fields on Causal Sets Michel Buck Imperial College London July 31, 2013 1 / 32 Outline 1. Causal Sets: discrete gravity 2. Continuum-Discrete correspondence: sprinklings 3. Relativistic fields
More informationContents. Part I The Big Bang and the Observable Universe
Contents Part I The Big Bang and the Observable Universe 1 A Historical Overview 3 1.1 The Big Cosmic Questions 3 1.2 Origins of Scientific Cosmology 4 1.3 Cosmology Today 7 2 Newton s Universe 13 2.1
More informationWhy spin-foam models violat~ ' Lorentz Invariance
Why spin-foam models violat~ ' Lorentz Invariance Much recent interest in Lorentz violation in quantum gravity. Phenomenology progresses... theory attempts to catch up and offer predictions. Could local
More informationUniversal homogeneous causal sets
Universal homogeneous causal sets arxiv:gr-qc/0510118v1 28 Oct 2005 Manfred Droste Institut für Informatik Universität Leipzig D-04109 Leipzig, Germany email: droste@informatik.uni-leipzig.de July 30,
More informationRelativity theory does not imply that the future already exists: a counterexample
version 6.3 Relativity theory does not imply that the future already exists: a counterexample Rafael D. Sorkin Perimeter Institute, 31 Caroline Street North, Waterloo ON, N2L 2Y5 Canada and Department
More informationA loop quantum multiverse?
Space-time structure p. 1 A loop quantum multiverse? Martin Bojowald The Pennsylvania State University Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos University Park, PA arxiv:1212.5150 Space-time structure
More informationPath Algebras in Quantum Causal Theory
Path Algebras in Quantum Causal Theory Benjamin F. Dribus Conference on Ordered Algebraic Structures Louisiana State University May 3, 2014 Introduction Path algebras are generated by directed paths in
More informationThe birth of spacetime atoms as the passage of time
arxiv:1405.3492v1 [gr-qc] 14 May 2014 The birth of spacetime atoms as the passage of time Fay Dowker Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK May 15, 2014 Abstract
More informationParticle cosmology. Jan Novák. Seminar in ÚJF ŘEŽ, Department of physics Technical University in Liberec
Particle cosmology Jan Novák Department of physics Technical University in Liberec Seminar in ÚJF ŘEŽ, 25.5.2018 Logo of Technical University in Liberec Founded 1953. We are made of... molecules atoms
More informationCosmology holography the brain and the quantum vacuum. Antonio Alfonso-Faus. Departamento de Aerotécnia. Madrid Technical University (UPM), Spain
Cosmology holography the brain and the quantum vacuum Antonio Alfonso-Faus Departamento de Aerotécnia Madrid Technical University (UPM), Spain February, 2011. E-mail: aalfonsofaus@yahoo.es Abstract: Cosmology,
More informationQuantum Gravity Phenomenology
Quantum Gravity Phenomenology Sabine Hossenfelder Sabine Hossenfelder, Quantum Gravity Phenomenology 1/16 Why do we need quantum gravity? Because We don t know what is the gravitational field of a quantum
More informationInflationary cosmology
Inflationary cosmology T H E O U N I V E R S I T Y H Andrew Liddle February 2013 Image: NASA/WMAP Science Team F E D I N U B R G Inflation is... A prolonged period of accelerated expansion in the very
More informationAN EINSTEIN EQUATION FOR DISCRETE QUANTUM GRAVITY
AN EINSTEIN EQUATION FOR DISCRETE QUANTUM GRAVITY S. Gudder Department of Mathematics University of Denver Denver, Colorado 80208, U.S.A. sgudder@du.edu Abstract The basic framework for this article is
More informationCosmology with a time-varying speed of light 1
Cosmology with a time-varying speed of light 1 arxiv:astro-ph/9904185v1 14 Apr 1999 Andreas Albrecht Department of Physics One Shields Ave. University of California Davis CA 95616 Abstract Cosmic inflation
More informationIs the cosmological constant a nonlocal quantum residue of discreteness of the causal set type?
version 7.2 Is the cosmological constant a nonlocal quantum residue of discreteness of the causal set type? Rafael D. Sorkin Perimeter Institute, 31 Caroline Street North, Waterloo ON, N2L 2Y5 Canada and
More informationClosed Universes, de Sitter Space and Inflation
Closed Universes, de Sitter Space and Inflation Chris Doran Cavendish Laboratory Based on astro-ph/0307311 by Lasenby and Doran The Cosmological Constant Dark energy responsible for around 70% of the total
More informationWhy we need quantum gravity and why we don t have it
Why we need quantum gravity and why we don t have it Steve Carlip UC Davis Quantum Gravity: Physics and Philosophy IHES, Bures-sur-Yvette October 2017 The first appearance of quantum gravity Einstein 1916:
More informationThe State of the Multiverse: The String Landscape, the Cosmological Constant, and the Arrow of Time
The State of the Multiverse: The String Landscape, the Cosmological Constant, and the Arrow of Time Raphael Bousso Center for Theoretical Physics University of California, Berkeley Stephen Hawking: 70th
More informationDuality and Holography
Duality and Holography? Joseph Polchinski UC Davis, 5/16/11 Which of these interactions doesn t belong? a) Electromagnetism b) Weak nuclear c) Strong nuclear d) a) Electromagnetism b) Weak nuclear c) Strong
More informationEMERGENT GRAVITY AND COSMOLOGY: THERMODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVE
EMERGENT GRAVITY AND COSMOLOGY: THERMODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVE Master Colloquium Pranjal Dhole University of Bonn Supervisors: Prof. Dr. Claus Kiefer Prof. Dr. Pavel Kroupa May 22, 2015 Work done at: Institute
More informationThe Cosmological Constant Problem
The Cosmological Constant Problem Jérôme Martin Institut d Astrophysique de Paris VIDE QUANTIQUE ET GRAVITATION, December 12-13 2012 1 Outline 1- Introduction: the cosmological constant in the Einstein
More informationGravitation et Cosmologie: le Modèle Standard Cours 8: 6 fevrier 2009
Particules Élémentaires, Gravitation et Cosmologie Année 2008-09 Gravitation et Cosmologie: le Modèle Standard Cours 8: 6 fevrier 2009 Le paradigme inflationnaire Homogeneity and flatness problems in HBB
More informationOverview: questions and issues
Overview: questions and issues Steven B. Giddings Santa Barbara Gravity Workshop May 23, 2007 Many profound puzzles: Locality Black holes Observables Cosmology Nonlocality - regime and dynamics Cosmology
More informationInflation. Week 9. ASTR/PHYS 4080: Introduction to Cosmology
Inflation ASTR/PHYS 4080: Intro to Cosmology Week 9 1 Successes of the Hot Big Bang Model Consists of: General relativity Cosmological principle Known atomic/nuclear/particle physics Explains: dark night
More informationUnsolved Problems in Theoretical Physics V. BASHIRY CYPRUS INTRNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
Unsolved Problems in Theoretical Physics V. BASHIRY CYPRUS INTRNATIONAL UNIVERSITY 1 I am going to go through some of the major unsolved problems in theoretical physics. I mean the existing theories seem
More informationThe Standard Big Bang What it is: Theory that the universe as we know it began billion years ago. (Latest estimate: 13:7 ± 0:2 billion years!) I
The Standard Big Bang What it is: Theory that the universe as we know it began 13-15 billion years ago. (Latest estimate: 13:7 ± 0:2 billion years!) Initial state was a hot, dense, uniform soup of particles
More informationLABELED CAUSETS IN DISCRETE QUANTUM GRAVITY
LABELED CAUSETS IN DISCRETE QUANTUM GRAVITY S. Gudder Department of Mathematics University of Denver Denver, Colorado 80208, U.S.A. sgudder@du.edu Abstract We point out that labeled causets have a much
More informationAn Isometric Dynamics for a Causal Set Approach to Discrete Quantum Gravity
University of Denver Digital Commons @ DU Mathematics Preprint Series Department of Mathematics 214 An Isometric Dynamics for a Causal Set Approach to Discrete Quantum Gravity S. Gudder Follow this and
More informationNote 1: Some Fundamental Mathematical Properties of the Tetrad.
Note 1: Some Fundamental Mathematical Properties of the Tetrad. As discussed by Carroll on page 88 of the 1997 notes to his book Spacetime and Geometry: an Introduction to General Relativity (Addison-Wesley,
More informationReturn to cosmology. Is inflation in trouble? Are we cycling back to cycles? And then what happens to the 2 nd law?
Return to cosmology Is inflation in trouble? Are we cycling back to cycles? And then what happens to the 2 nd law? We saw inflation correctly predict: 1. Flatness of universe 2. Homogeneity of universe
More informationAn Algebraic Quantization of Causal Sets
An Algebraic Quantization of Causal Sets arxiv:gr-qc/9906103v1 24 Jun 1999 Ioannis Raptis Abstract A scheme for an algebraic quantization of the causal sets of Sorkin et al. is presented. The suggested
More informationA Hypothesis Connecting Dark Energy, Virtual Gravitons, and the Holographic Entropy Bound. Claia Bryja City College of San Francisco
A Hypothesis Connecting Dark Energy, Virtual Gravitons, and the Holographic Entropy Bound Claia Bryja City College of San Francisco The Holographic Principle Idea proposed by t Hooft and Susskind (mid-
More informationEntanglement and the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy
Entanglement and the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy Eugenio Bianchi relativity.phys.lsu.edu/ilqgs International Loop Quantum Gravity Seminar Black hole entropy Bekenstein-Hawking 1974 Process: matter falling
More informationRelativity, Gravitation, and Cosmology
Relativity, Gravitation, and Cosmology A basic introduction TA-PEI CHENG University of Missouri St. Louis OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents Parti RELATIVITY Metric Description of Spacetime 1 Introduction
More informationCosmic Censorship Conjecture and Topological Censorship
Cosmic Censorship Conjecture and Topological Censorship 21 settembre 2009 Cosmic Censorship Conjecture 40 years ago in the Rivista Nuovo Cimento Sir Roger Penrose posed one of most important unsolved problems
More informationQuantum gravity and aspects of relativity
Quantum gravity and aspects of relativity Branislav Nikolic Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne Bonn-Cologne Graduate School in Physics and Astronomy who are we??? Gravitation and
More informationExtending classical big bang theory
Chapter 21 Extending classical big bang theory The big bang is our standard model for the origin of the Universe and has been for almost half a century. This place in well earned. At a broader conceptual
More informationExcluding Black Hole Firewalls with Extreme Cosmic Censorship
Excluding Black Hole Firewalls with Extreme Cosmic Censorship arxiv:1306.0562 Don N. Page University of Alberta February 14, 2014 Introduction A goal of theoretical cosmology is to find a quantum state
More informationCoupled Dark Energy and Dark Matter from dilatation symmetry
Coupled Dark Energy and Dark Matter from dilatation symmetry Cosmological Constant - Einstein - Constant λ compatible with all symmetries Constant λ compatible with all observations No time variation in
More informationEternal Inflation in Stringy Landscape. and A-word. Andrei Linde
Eternal Inflation in Stringy Landscape and A-word A Andrei Linde Inflationary Multiverse For a long time, people believed in the cosmological principle, which asserted that the universe is everywhere the
More informationGraceful exit from inflation for minimally coupled Bianchi A scalar field models
Graceful exit from inflation for minimally coupled Bianchi A scalar field models Florian Beyer Reference: F.B. and Leon Escobar (2013), CQG, 30(19), p.195020. University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
More informationCausal Precedence Formalism by E. Woolgar Dept. of Mathematics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK Canada S7N 0W0
Causal Precedence Formalism by E. Woolgar Dept. of Mathematics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK Canada S7N 0W0 Abstract In this talk, I describe recent work in collaboration with R.D. Sorkin.
More informationWhat ideas/theories are physicists exploring today?
Where are we Headed? What questions are driving developments in fundamental physics? What ideas/theories are physicists exploring today? Quantum Gravity, Stephen Hawking & Black Hole Thermodynamics A Few
More informationBLACK HOLE ENTROPY ENTANGLEMENT AND HOLOGRAPHIC SPACETIME. Ted Jacobson University of Maryland
BLACK HOLE ENTROPY ENTANGLEMENT AND HOLOGRAPHIC SPACETIME Ted Jacobson University of Maryland Goddard Scientific Colloquium, Feb. 7, 2018 Holographic principle Information paradox geometry from entanglement
More informationCausal Set Phenomenology in Friedmann-Robertson-Walker Spacetime
Causal Set Phenomenology in Friedmann-Robertson-Walker Spacetime Samuel J.L. McMillen September 30, 2014 Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science of Imperial
More informationSpacetime versus the Quantum
Spacetime versus the Quantum Joseph Polchinski UCSB Faculty Research Lecture, Dec. 12, 2014 God does not play dice with the world (Albert Einstein, 1926) vs. God does not play dice with the world (Albert
More informationSymmetry protected entanglement between gravity and matter
Symmetry protected entanglement between gravity and matter Nikola Paunković SQIG Security and Quantum Information Group, IT Departamento de Matemática, IST in collaboration with Marko Vojinović GPF Group
More informationWhere are we heading? Nathan Seiberg IAS 2014
Where are we heading? Nathan Seiberg IAS 2014 Purpose of this talk A brief, broad brush status report of particle physics Where we are How we got here (some historical perspective) Problems and challenges
More informationThe Cosmological Principle
Cosmological Models John O Byrne School of Physics University of Sydney Using diagrams and pp slides from Seeds Foundations of Astronomy and the Supernova Cosmology Project http://www-supernova.lbl.gov
More informationShortcomings of the inflationary paradigm
Shortcomings of the inflationary paradigm Looking at the Planck results, Steinhardt et all say:! 1) chaotic inflation with V = O(1) does not work! 2) the only remaining models are the ones with V
More informationEmergent Gravity. Chih-Chieh Chen. December 13, 2010
Emergent Gravity Chih-Chieh Chen December 13, 2010 Abstract The idea of the emergent gravity came from the study of black hole thermodynamics. Basically by inversion the logic in the derivation of the
More informationRelativity SPECIAL, GENERAL, AND COSMOLOGICAL SECOND EDITION. Wolfgang Rindler. Professor of Physics The University of Texas at Dallas
Relativity SPECIAL, GENERAL, AND COSMOLOGICAL SECOND EDITION Wolfgang Rindler Professor of Physics The University of Texas at Dallas OXPORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents Introduction l 1 From absolute space
More informationarxiv:gr-qc/ v2 19 Jan 2004
The Manifold Dimension of a Causal Set: tests in conformally flat spacetimes David D. Reid Department of Physics and Astronomy, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197 arxiv:gr-qc/0207103v2 19
More informationInflation and the Primordial Perturbation Spectrum
PORTILLO 1 Inflation and the Primordial Perturbation Spectrum Stephen K N PORTILLO Introduction The theory of cosmic inflation is the leading hypothesis for the origin of structure in the universe. It
More informationWhat becomes of a causal set
What becomes of a causal set Christian Wüthrich and Craig Callender 30 January 2015 Abstract Unlike the relativity theory it seeks to replace, causal set theory has been interpreted to leave space for
More informationSynchronization of thermal Clocks and entropic Corrections of Gravity
Synchronization of thermal Clocks and entropic Corrections of Gravity Andreas Schlatter Burghaldeweg 2F, 5024 Küttigen, Switzerland schlatter.a@bluewin.ch Abstract There are so called MOND corrections
More informationQuantum Gravity and the Dimension of Space-time
Quantum Gravity and the Dimension of Space-time Bergfinnur Durhuus 1, Thordur Jonsson and John F Wheater Why quantum gravity? For ninety years our understanding of gravitational physics has been based
More informationString Theory. Three String Theories STRING THEORY 1. John H. Schwarz
STRING THEORY 1 String Theory John H. Schwarz Traditional studies of the relativistic quantum physics of elementary particles assume that the particles can be described as mathematical points without any
More informationInflation Scheme Derived from Universal Wave Function Interpretation of String Theory
Journal of Physical Science and Application 7 (4) (2017) 33-37 doi: 10.17265/2159-5348/2017.04.004 D DAVID PUBLISHING Inflation Scheme Derived from Universal Wave Function Interpretation of String Theory
More informationHawking & the Universe
Hawking & the Universe This is a supplement to the lecture given on Jan 26, 2015, by Dr. Mounib El Eid, Physics department, AUB. It may motivate the reader to explore some of the presented issues. There
More informationThe apparent fine-tuning of the cosmological, gravitational and fine structure constants. Laurence Eaves
The apparent fine-tuning of the cosmological, gravitational and fine structure constants Laurence Eaves School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK Abstract A numerical
More informationarxiv:gr-qc/ v2 13 Mar 1997
UTPT-97-06 Stochastic Gravity and Self-Organized Critical Cosmology J. W. Moffat Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada arxiv:gr-qc/9703032v2 13 Mar 1997 (October
More informationSpacetime foam and modified dispersion relations
Institute for Theoretical Physics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Workshop Bad Liebenzell, 2012 Objective Study how a Lorentz-invariant model of spacetime foam modify the propagation of particles Spacetime
More informationWHY BLACK HOLES PHYSICS?
WHY BLACK HOLES PHYSICS? Nicolò Petri 13/10/2015 Nicolò Petri 13/10/2015 1 / 13 General motivations I Find a microscopic description of gravity, compatibile with the Standard Model (SM) and whose low-energy
More informationThe Theory of Inflationary Perturbations
The Theory of Inflationary Perturbations Jérôme Martin Institut d Astrophysique de Paris (IAP) Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai 03/02/2012 1 Introduction Outline A brief description of inflation
More informationScale symmetry a link from quantum gravity to cosmology
Scale symmetry a link from quantum gravity to cosmology scale symmetry fluctuations induce running couplings violation of scale symmetry well known in QCD or standard model Fixed Points Quantum scale symmetry
More informationHolographic renormalization and reconstruction of space-time. Kostas Skenderis Southampton Theory Astrophysics and Gravity research centre
Holographic renormalization and reconstruction of space-time Southampton Theory Astrophysics and Gravity research centre STAG CH RESEARCH ER C TE CENTER Holographic Renormalization and Entanglement Paris,
More informationFrom Quantum Mechanics to String Theory
From Quantum Mechanics to String Theory Relativity (why it makes sense) Quantum mechanics: measurements and uncertainty Smashing things together: from Rutherford to the LHC Particle Interactions Quarks
More informationPHOTON DISPERSION IN CAUSAL SETS: THE FEYNMAN PATH SUM APPROACH
PHOTON DISPERSION IN CAUSAL SETS: THE FEYNMAN PATH SUM APPROACH PAUL CRACIUNOIU, KATE ISAACS, BRUCE LANGDON, MOLLY MOSCOE, ANNA VU AND SLOBODAN N. SIMIĆ Abstract. This paper is a report on the results
More informationDark Matter and Energy
Dark Matter and Energy The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy.
More informationTheoretical implications of detecting gravitational waves
Theoretical implications of detecting gravitational waves Ghazal Geshnizjani Department of Applied Mathematics University of Waterloo ggeshniz@uwaterloo.ca In collaboration with: William H. Kinney arxiv:1410.4968
More informationApplications of Bohmian mechanics in quantum gravity
Applications of Bohmian mechanics in quantum gravity Ward Struyve LMU, Munich, Germany Outline: Why do we need a quantum theory for gravity? What is the quantum theory for gravity? Problems with quantum
More informationLife with More Than 4: Extra Dimensions
Life with More Than 4: Extra Dimensions Andrew Larkoski 4/15/09 Andrew Larkoski SASS 5 Outline A Simple Example: The 2D Infinite Square Well Describing Arbitrary Dimensional Spacetime Motivations for Extra
More informationUniversity of Groningen. A topological extension of GR Spaans, M. Published in: Journal of Physics Conference Series
University of Groningen A topological extension of GR Spaans, M. Published in: Journal of Physics Conference Series DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/410/1/012149 IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's
More informationBreaking the symmetry
Breaking the symmetry accelerated expansion without dark energy Syksy Räsänen University of Helsinki Department of Physics and The Helsinki Institute of Physics www.helsinki.fi/yliopisto 1 Physics Nobel
More informationEinstein s Hole Argument
Einstein s Hole Argument Alan Macdonald Luther College Decorah, Iowa 52101 macdonal@luther.edu December 1, 2012 Much improved version of Am. J. Phys. 69, 223-225 2001 Abstract In general relativity, a
More information2.1 Basics of the Relativistic Cosmology: Global Geometry and the Dynamics of the Universe Part I
1 2.1 Basics of the Relativistic Cosmology: Global Geometry and the Dynamics of the Universe Part I 2 Special Relativity (1905) A fundamental change in viewing the physical space and time, now unified
More informationAstro-2: History of the Universe
Astro-2: History of the Universe Lecture 8; May 7 2013 Previously on astro-2 Wherever we look in the sky there is a background of microwaves, the CMB. The CMB is very close to isotropic better than 0.001%
More informationArchaeology of Our Universe YIFU CAI ( 蔡一夫 )
Archaeology of Our Universe YIFU CAI ( 蔡一夫 ) 2013-11-05 Thermal History Primordial era 13.8 billion years by WMAP/NASA Large Scale Structure (LSS) by 2MASS Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) by ESA/Planck
More informationComparing causality principles
Comparing causality principles Joe Henson arxiv:quant-ph/0410051v3 28 Nov 2005 February 1, 2008 Abstract The principle of common cause is discussed as a possible fundamental principle of physics. Some
More informationLecture notes 1. Standard physics vs. new physics. 1.1 The final state boundary condition
Lecture notes 1 Standard physics vs. new physics The black hole information paradox has challenged our fundamental beliefs about spacetime and quantum theory. Which belief will have to change to resolve
More informationTunneling in models of Flux Vacua
Tunneling in models of Flux Vacua Jose J. Blanco-Pillado Department of Theoretical Physics UPV/EHU with: Handhika Ramadhan Mike Salem Delia Schwartz-Perlov Ben Shlaer Alex Vilenkin Outline of the talk
More informationBlack Holes, Quantum Mechanics, and Firewalls
Black Holes, Quantum Mechanics, and Firewalls Joseph Polchinski Simons Symposium, NYC 11/18/13 A Brief History of the Black Hole Information Paradox: A Brief History of the Black Hole Information Paradox:
More informationGerman physicist stops Universe
Big bang or freeze? NATURE NEWS Cosmologist claims Universe may not be expanding Particles' changing masses could explain why distant galaxies appear to be rushing away. Jon Cartwright 16 July 2013 German
More informationTheoretical Models of the Brans-Dicke Parameter for Time Independent Deceleration Parameters
Theoretical Models of the Brans-Dicke Parameter for Time Independent Deceleration Parameters Sudipto Roy 1, Soumyadip Chowdhury 2 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, St. Xavier s College, Kolkata,
More informationEvidence for a continuum limit in causal set dynamics
Evidence for a continuum limit in causal set dynamics D. P. Rideout and R. D. Sorkin Department of Physics, Syracuse University Syracuse, NY, 1344-1130, U.S.A. October 31, 018 arxiv:gr-qc/0003117v4 14
More informationINFLATION. - EARLY EXPONENTIAL PHASE OF GROWTH OF SCALE FACTOR (after T ~ TGUT ~ GeV)
INFLATION - EARLY EXPONENTIAL PHASE OF GROWTH OF SCALE FACTOR (after T ~ TGUT ~ 10 15 GeV) -Phenomenologically similar to Universe with a dominant cosmological constant, however inflation needs to end
More informationTopological Quantum Field Theory
Topological Quantum Field Theory And why so many mathematicians are trying to learn QFT Chris Elliott Department of Mathematics Northwestern University March 20th, 2013 Introduction and Motivation Topological
More informationPedro and the WOLF: the quantum and the vacuum in cosmology
Pedro's Universes, 4 December 2018 Guillermo A. Mena Marugán, IEM-CSIC Pedro and the WOLF: the quantum and the vacuum in cosmology Pedro's Universes, 4 December 2018 Guillermo A. Mena Marugán, IEM-CSIC
More informationExotica or the failure of the strong cosmic censorship in four dimensions
Exotica or the failure of the strong cosmic censorship in four dimensions Budapest University of Technology and Economics Department of Geometry HUNGARY Stará Lesná, Slovakia, 20 August 2015 The meaning
More information