Structure of Biological Materials

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Structure of Biological Materials"

Transcription

1 ELEC ENG 3BA3: Structure of Biological Materials Notes for Lecture #7 Monday, September 24, 2012

2 3.2 Muscle biomechanics Organization: skeletal muscle is made up of muscle fibers each fiber is a single cell the contraction of a fiber is achieved by the motor proteins actin & myosin (from Guyton and Hall, 10 th Edition) 2

3 Fiber orientation: muscles that undergo large length changes or high velocities usually have long fibers running lengthwise muscles that undergo only small length changes but are required to produce large forces or stiffness have fibers arranged at an angle to the tendons to which they are attached 3

4 Muscle fiber innervation: 1. Motor neuron 2. Peripheral nerve 3. Neuromuscular junction 4. Muscle Motor unit: A motor unit is defined as an individual motor neuron plus all the muscle fibers that are innervated by that neuron. 4

5 Neuromuscular junction: 5

6 Steps in muscle fiber contraction 1. Motor neuron action potential 2. Action potential propagation along motor axon (myelinated fiber) 3. Transmission of acetylcholine (ACh) at neuromuscular junctions (synapses) 4. Action potential generation in muscle fiber 5. Release of Ca 2+ from sarcoplasmic reticulum initiates attractive forces between actin & myosin filaments, causing them to slide alongside each other ) muscle contraction 6. Return of Ca 2+ to sarcoplasmic reticulum, ending muscle contraction 6

7 Actin & myosin filament movement: (from Guyton and Hall, 10 th Edition) 7

8 Fiber types 1. Fast twitch large fibers, for greater contraction strength extensive sarcoplasmic reticulum for rapid release of Ca 2+ large amounts of glycolytic enzymes less extensive blood supply fewer mitochondria 8

9 2. Slow twitch smaller fibers innervated by smaller nerve fibers (axons) more extensive blood vessel system more mitochondria large amounts of myoglobin, speeding oxygen transport 9

10 Muscle fiber mechanics The main factors in determining muscle fiber contractile force are: 1. Velocity of contraction 2. Length of muscle fiber (relative to its resting length) 3. Neural activation 10

11 Force versus velocity: where F is the contractile force (N), v is the contractile velocity (lengths s -1 ), and F 0, a & b are constants. F 0 corresponds to the force when v = 0, i.e., during an isometric contraction. v max = bf 0 /a, when F = 0. 11

12 Force versus velocity (cont.): Often the stress value (P 0 = F 0 /A) is used instead of F 0, where A is the physiological cross sectional area obtained by dividing the muscle volume by its length. P 0 is generally between 100 and 300 kpa, and does not depend on the metabolic fiber type (fast or slow twitch). However, v max depends on the fiber type. 12

13 Force versus fiber length: 13

14 Force versus fiber length (cont.): (from Guyton and Hall, 10 th Edition) 14

15 Force versus activation: individual motor neuron action potentials produce a contractile force in a motor unit referred to as a twitch twitches begin to fuse as the action potential frequency increases above the fusion frequency the motor unit produces its maximum ( tetanic ) force 15

16 Force versus activation (cont.): The total muscle force is modulated by: the frequency of twitches in each of a muscle s motor units ) rate coding and the number of motor units being activated ) recruitment 16

17 3.3 Joint and limb biomechanics The movement of individual limbs or sets of limbs can be understood in terms of: translational forces and the resulting translational movements, and rotational moments and the resulting rotation around an axis (either a COM or a joint). 17

18 Free-body diagrams can be used to calculate the net translational force F acting on a limb: 18

19 The net moment M acting on a limb to cause rotation around a joint (or the COM) can also be found from the free-body diagram: 19

20 Newton s Equations of Motion: For the translational forces F i (acting through the axis of rotation), Newton s second law of motion gives the net force F resulting in the net translational acceleration a according to: 20

21 For the rotational moments M i (acting around the axis of rotation), the net moment M gives rise to an angular acceleration α according to: 21

22 An individual moment is the vector cross product of the lever arm vector r i and the force vector F i : The magnitude M i of the moment is given by: 22

23 The quantity sin(µ) r i is often referred to as the moment arm. This can be interpreted as the perpendicular distance from the line of the force to the axis of rotation. Alternatively, the quantity sin(µ) F i can be interpreted as the component of the force that is perpendicular to the lever arm. (Note: in some publications the definitions of the lever arm and moment arm are reversed, so be careful to check the definitions.) 23

24 Joint power: where M is the net joint moment (N m) and ω is the angular velocity (rad s -1 ). 24

25 Experimentally: joint kinematics are obtained using motioncapture techniques GRF moment arm is determined from a combination of the kinematic analysis and the force platform technique muscle moment arms are obtained from external measurements and/or medical imaging 25

26 Net joint moments during walking: 26

27 Net joint moments during running: 27

28 Net joint power during running: 28

29 29

According to the diagram, which of the following is NOT true?

According to the diagram, which of the following is NOT true? Instructions: Review Chapter 44 on muscular-skeletal systems and locomotion, and then complete the following Blackboard activity. This activity will introduce topics that will be covered in the next few

More information

PHYSIOLOGY CHAPTER 9 MUSCLE TISSUE Fall 2016

PHYSIOLOGY CHAPTER 9 MUSCLE TISSUE Fall 2016 PHYSIOLOGY CHAPTER 9 MUSCLE TISSUE Fall 2016 2 Chapter 9 Muscles and Muscle Tissue Overview of Muscle Tissue types of muscle: are all prefixes for muscle Contractility all muscles cells can Smooth & skeletal

More information

UNIT 6 THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

UNIT 6 THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM UNIT 6 THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM I. Functions of Muscular System A. Produces Movement Internal vs. External «locomotion & manipulation «circulate blood & maintain blood pressure «move fluids, food, baby B. Maintaining

More information

the axons of the nerve meet with the muscle cell.

the axons of the nerve meet with the muscle cell. Steps to Contraction 1. A nerve impulse travels to the neuromuscular junction on a muscle cell. The neuromuscular junction is the point where the axons of the nerve meet with the muscle cell. 2. Ach is

More information

NOTE: LOOK ON MY WEBSITE FOR THE MUSCLE LABELING POWER POINT/PDF Part I. Identify the parts of the neuron that are labeled below.

NOTE: LOOK ON MY WEBSITE FOR THE MUSCLE LABELING POWER POINT/PDF Part I. Identify the parts of the neuron that are labeled below. Anatomy & Physiology Nervous System Part I 2/26/16 NOTE: LOOK ON MY WEBSITE FOR THE MUSCLE LABELING POWER POINT/PDF Part I. Identify the parts of the neuron that are labeled below. 1. 2. 3. 5. 4. 6. Part

More information

thebiotutor.com A2 Biology Unit 5 Responses, Nervous System & Muscles

thebiotutor.com A2 Biology Unit 5 Responses, Nervous System & Muscles thebiotutor.com A2 Biology Unit 5 Responses, Nervous System & Muscles 1 Response Mechanism tropism Definition A growth movement of part of plant in response to a directional stimulus examples Positive:

More information

Human Motion Control Course (Wb 2407)

Human Motion Control Course (Wb 2407) Part 1 Human Motion Control Course (Wb 2407) Lecture 4 Muscles physiology, morphology and models Muscle morphology and physiology Morphology: fiber arrangement force-velocity relation force-length relation

More information

Muscle tissue. Types. Functions. Cardiac, Smooth, and Skeletal

Muscle tissue. Types. Functions. Cardiac, Smooth, and Skeletal Types Cardiac, Smooth, and Skeletal Functions movements posture and body position Support soft tissues Guard openings body temperature nutrient reserves Muscle tissue Special Characteristics of Muscle

More information

Our patient for the day...

Our patient for the day... Muscles Ch.12 Our patient for the day... Name: Eddy Age: Newborn Whole-body muscle contractions No relaxation Severe difficulty breathing due to inadequate relaxation of breathing muscles Diagnosed with

More information

TISSUE. A) Types. (i)

TISSUE. A) Types. (i) MUSCLES & MUSCLE TISSUE I. OVERVIEW - Muscle ( little mouse ) - tissue designed to cause movementt thru contraction ( shortening ). A) Types - There are some SIMILARITIES between muscle types: (i) All

More information

Membrane Potential. 1. Resting membrane potential (RMP): 2. Action Potential (AP):

Membrane Potential. 1. Resting membrane potential (RMP): 2. Action Potential (AP): Membrane Potential 1. Resting membrane potential (RMP): 2. Action Potential (AP): Resting Membrane Potential (RMP) It is the potential difference across the cell membrane. If an electrode of a voltmeter

More information

Muscles and Muscle Tissue: Part A

Muscles and Muscle Tissue: Part A PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Janice Meeking, Mount Royal College CHAPTER 9 Muscles and Muscle Tissue: Part A Warm Up 12/12/16 Describe the major differences between cardiac, skeletal and smooth

More information

Simple Biomechanical Models. Introduction to Static Equilibrium F F. Components of Torque. Muscles Create Torques. Torque is a Vector

Simple Biomechanical Models. Introduction to Static Equilibrium F F. Components of Torque. Muscles Create Torques. Torque is a Vector Simple Biomechanical Models Introduction to Static Equilibrium Components of Torque axis of rotation (fulcrum) force (not directed through axis of rotation) force (moment) arm T = F x d force arm Muscles

More information

CIE Biology A-level Topic 15: Control and coordination

CIE Biology A-level Topic 15: Control and coordination CIE Biology A-level Topic 15: Control and coordination Notes Neuron structure The nerve cells called neurones play an important role in coordinating communication within the nervous system. The structure

More information

PROPERTY OF ELSEVIER SAMPLE CONTENT - NOT FINAL. The Nervous System and Muscle

PROPERTY OF ELSEVIER SAMPLE CONTENT - NOT FINAL. The Nervous System and Muscle The Nervous System and Muscle SECTION 2 2-1 Nernst Potential 2-2 Resting Membrane Potential 2-3 Axonal Action Potential 2-4 Neurons 2-5 Axonal Conduction 2-6 Morphology of Synapses 2-7 Chemical Synaptic

More information

ELEC ENG 3BA3: Structure of Biological Materials

ELEC ENG 3BA3: Structure of Biological Materials Name: Student Number: ELEC ENG 3BA3: Structure of Biological Materials Day Class Instructor: Dr. I. C. BRUCE Duration of Examination: 3 Hours McMaster University Final Examination December 2011 This examination

More information

Fundamentals of Neurosciences. Smooth Muscle. Dr. Kumar Sambamurti 613-SEI; ;

Fundamentals of Neurosciences. Smooth Muscle. Dr. Kumar Sambamurti 613-SEI; ; Fundamentals of Neurosciences Smooth Muscle Dr. Kumar Sambamurti 613-SEI; 792-4315; sambak@musc.edu 1 Smooth Muscle Structure Cells much smaller than skeletal muscle (2-5µM diam, 100-400µM long) Single

More information

General Definition of Torque, final. Lever Arm. General Definition of Torque 7/29/2010. Units of Chapter 10

General Definition of Torque, final. Lever Arm. General Definition of Torque 7/29/2010. Units of Chapter 10 Units of Chapter 10 Determining Moments of Inertia Rotational Kinetic Energy Rotational Plus Translational Motion; Rolling Why Does a Rolling Sphere Slow Down? General Definition of Torque, final Taking

More information

Lecture 13, 05 October 2004 Chapter 10, Muscle. Vertebrate Physiology ECOL 437 University of Arizona Fall instr: Kevin Bonine t.a.

Lecture 13, 05 October 2004 Chapter 10, Muscle. Vertebrate Physiology ECOL 437 University of Arizona Fall instr: Kevin Bonine t.a. Lecture 13, 05 October 2004 Chapter 10, Muscle Vertebrate Physiology ECOL 437 University of Arizona Fall 2004 instr: Kevin Bonine t.a.: Nate Swenson Vertebrate Physiology 437 18 1. Muscle A. Sarcomere

More information

Lectures 3, 9, 10, 11: Prenatal and

Lectures 3, 9, 10, 11: Prenatal and Animal growth and development 2 nd review Lectures 3, 9, 10, 11: Prenatal and Muscle Growth and Development Development Principles similarity among species progressive causal and irreversible; ing complexity

More information

Slide 1. Slide 2. Slide 3. Muscles general information. Muscles - introduction. Microtubule Function

Slide 1. Slide 2. Slide 3. Muscles general information. Muscles - introduction. Microtubule Function Slide 1 Muscles general information Vertebrates and many invertebrates have three main classes of muscle Skeletal muscle connect bones are are used for complex coordianted activities. Smooth muscles surround

More information

Chapter 8. Rotational Motion

Chapter 8. Rotational Motion Chapter 8 Rotational Motion The Action of Forces and Torques on Rigid Objects In pure translational motion, all points on an object travel on parallel paths. The most general motion is a combination of

More information

MEMBRANE POTENTIALS AND ACTION POTENTIALS:

MEMBRANE POTENTIALS AND ACTION POTENTIALS: University of Jordan Faculty of Medicine Department of Physiology & Biochemistry Medical students, 2017/2018 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Review: Membrane physiology

More information

(Be sure to clearly state the principles addressed in your discussion.)

(Be sure to clearly state the principles addressed in your discussion.) CELL QUESTION 1992: AP BIOLOGY A laboratory assistant prepared solutions of 0.8 M, 0.6 M, 0.4 M, and 0.2 M sucrose, but forgot to label them. After realizing the error, the assistant randomly labeled the

More information

1. True or false: at this moment, some of the muscle fibers in your gluteus maximus (a whole muscle) are contracting. a. True b.

1. True or false: at this moment, some of the muscle fibers in your gluteus maximus (a whole muscle) are contracting. a. True b. Exam III ANP 213 Spring 2008 You only need to print out the last two pages. Please do not consult classmates once you have begun this exam. Multiple Choice- 1 point each (use a ScanTron) 1. True or false:

More information

BIOL Anatomy and Physiology I ( version L )

BIOL Anatomy and Physiology I ( version L ) BIOL 2113 - Anatomy and Physiology I ( version 213L ) Course Title Course Development Learning Support Anatomy and Physiology I Standard No Course Description Introduces the anatomy and physiology of the

More information

Nervous Systems: Neuron Structure and Function

Nervous Systems: Neuron Structure and Function Nervous Systems: Neuron Structure and Function Integration An animal needs to function like a coherent organism, not like a loose collection of cells. Integration = refers to processes such as summation

More information

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Neurons and Nervous Systems 34 Neurons and Nervous Systems Concept 34.1 Nervous Systems Consist of Neurons and Glia Nervous systems have two categories of cells: Neurons, or nerve cells, are excitable they generate and transmit electrical

More information

لجنة الطب البشري رؤية تنير دروب تميزكم

لجنة الطب البشري رؤية تنير دروب تميزكم 1) Hyperpolarization phase of the action potential: a. is due to the opening of voltage-gated Cl channels. b. is due to prolonged opening of voltage-gated K + channels. c. is due to closure of the Na +

More information

Use the word bank to match the appropriate letter to the definitions/descriptions on the next page.

Use the word bank to match the appropriate letter to the definitions/descriptions on the next page. NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE All or Nothing: A Case Study in Muscle Contraction by Ryan T. Neumann*, Collin J. Quinn*, Brittany A. Whitaker*, Sean T. Woyton*, and Breanna N. Harris

More information

SPRINGFIELD TECHNICAL COMMUNITY COLLEGE ACADEMIC AFFAIRS

SPRINGFIELD TECHNICAL COMMUNITY COLLEGE ACADEMIC AFFAIRS SPRINGFIELD TECHNICAL COMMUNITY COLLEGE ACADEMIC AFFAIRS Course Number: BIOL 132 Department: Biological Sciences Course Title: Anatomy & Physiology 1 Semester: Spring Year: 1997 Objectives/ 1. Recognize

More information

The Molecules of Movement Musc 1 - Professor Michael Ferenczi

The Molecules of Movement Musc 1 - Professor Michael Ferenczi The Molecules of Movement Musc 1 - Professor Michael Ferenczi (m.ferenczi@imperial.ac.uk) 1. Appreciate that there are a large number of molecular motors, each with its assigned role. 2. Linear molecular

More information

Neurophysiology. Danil Hammoudi.MD

Neurophysiology. Danil Hammoudi.MD Neurophysiology Danil Hammoudi.MD ACTION POTENTIAL An action potential is a wave of electrical discharge that travels along the membrane of a cell. Action potentials are an essential feature of animal

More information

τ = F d Angular Kinetics Components of Torque (review from Systems FBD lecture Muscles Create Torques Torque is a Vector Work versus Torque

τ = F d Angular Kinetics Components of Torque (review from Systems FBD lecture Muscles Create Torques Torque is a Vector Work versus Torque Components of Torque (review from Systems FBD lecture Angular Kinetics Hamill & Knutzen (Ch 11) Hay (Ch. 6), Hay & Ried (Ch. 12), Kreighbaum & Barthels (Module I & J) or Hall (Ch. 13 & 14) axis of rotation

More information

Center of Gravity Pearson Education, Inc.

Center of Gravity Pearson Education, Inc. Center of Gravity = The center of gravity position is at a place where the torque from one end of the object is balanced by the torque of the other end and therefore there is NO rotation. Fulcrum Point

More information

BIOMECHANICS AND MOTOR CONTROL OF HUMAN MOVEMENT

BIOMECHANICS AND MOTOR CONTROL OF HUMAN MOVEMENT BIOMECHANICS AND MOTOR CONTROL OF HUMAN MOVEMENT Third Edition DAVID Α. WINTER University of Waterloo Waterloo, Ontario, Canada WILEY JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. CONTENTS Preface to the Third Edition xv 1

More information

NOTES: CH 48 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

NOTES: CH 48 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling NOTES: CH 48 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling A nervous system has three overlapping functions: 1) SENSORY INPUT: signals from sensory receptors to integration centers 2) INTEGRATION: information from

More information

Nervous System Organization

Nervous System Organization The Nervous System Nervous System Organization Receptors respond to stimuli Sensory receptors detect the stimulus Motor effectors respond to stimulus Nervous system divisions Central nervous system Command

More information

Exam 1--PHYS 151--Chapter 1

Exam 1--PHYS 151--Chapter 1 ame: Class: Date: Exam 1--PHYS 151--Chapter 1 True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. Select A for True and B for False. 1. The force is a measure of an object s inertia. 2. Newton

More information

LECTURE 22 EQUILIBRIUM. Instructor: Kazumi Tolich

LECTURE 22 EQUILIBRIUM. Instructor: Kazumi Tolich LECTURE 22 EQUILIBRIUM Instructor: Kazumi Tolich Lecture 22 2 Reading chapter 11-3 to 11-4 Static equilibrium Center of mass and balance Static equilibrium 3 If a rigid object is in equilibrium (constant

More information

A novel electrical model of nerve and muscle using Pspice

A novel electrical model of nerve and muscle using Pspice INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS PUBLISHING JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D: APPLIED PHYSICS J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 36 (2003) 311 329 PII: S0022-3727(03)53900-6 A novel electrical model of nerve and muscle using Pspice W Peasgood,

More information

Application of Newton/GMRES Method to Nonlinear Model Predictive Control of Functional Electrical Stimulation

Application of Newton/GMRES Method to Nonlinear Model Predictive Control of Functional Electrical Stimulation Proceedings of the 3 rd International Conference on Control, Dynamic Systems, and Robotics (CDSR 16) Ottawa, Canada May 9 10, 2016 Paper No. 121 DOI: 10.11159/cdsr16.121 Application of Newton/GMRES Method

More information

CELL BIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH. 9 - TRANSPORT ACROSS MEMBRANES.

CELL BIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH. 9 - TRANSPORT ACROSS MEMBRANES. !! www.clutchprep.com K + K + K + K + CELL BIOLOGY - CLUTCH CONCEPT: PRINCIPLES OF TRANSMEMBRANE TRANSPORT Membranes and Gradients Cells must be able to communicate across their membrane barriers to materials

More information

Modelling Muscle Contraction a multiscale approach

Modelling Muscle Contraction a multiscale approach Porto Ercole, M&MKT 2016 Multiscale Systems from Particles to Continuum: Modelling and Computation Modelling Muscle Contraction a multiscale approach Giovanni Naldi Dipartimento di Matematica ``F. Enriques

More information

Chapter 16. Cellular Movement: Motility and Contractility. Lectures by Kathleen Fitzpatrick Simon Fraser University Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 16. Cellular Movement: Motility and Contractility. Lectures by Kathleen Fitzpatrick Simon Fraser University Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 16 Cellular Movement: Motility and Contractility Lectures by Kathleen Fitzpatrick Simon Fraser University Two eukaryotic motility systems 1. Interactions between motor proteins and microtubules

More information

EMG-Based Neuromuscular Modeling with Full Physiological Dynamics and Its Comparison with Modified Hill Model

EMG-Based Neuromuscular Modeling with Full Physiological Dynamics and Its Comparison with Modified Hill Model EMG-Based Neuromuscular Modeling with Full Physiological Dynamics and Its Comparison with Modified Hill Model Mitsuhiro Hayashibe, David Guiraud, Philippe Poignet To cite this version: Mitsuhiro Hayashibe,

More information

BIOMECHANICS 3 Origins and consequences of forces in biological systems

BIOMECHANICS 3 Origins and consequences of forces in biological systems BIOMECHANICS 3 Origins and consequences of forces in biological systems MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF BIOLOGICAL MOVEMENT AT THE LEVELOF ORGANISMS MOLECULAR BASIS OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION DR. BEÁTA BUGYI - BIOPHYSICS

More information

Physiology Unit 2. MEMBRANE POTENTIALS and SYNAPSES

Physiology Unit 2. MEMBRANE POTENTIALS and SYNAPSES Physiology Unit 2 MEMBRANE POTENTIALS and SYNAPSES In Physiology Today Ohm s Law I = V/R Ohm s law: the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the

More information

Nervous Tissue. Neurons Neural communication Nervous Systems

Nervous Tissue. Neurons Neural communication Nervous Systems Nervous Tissue Neurons Neural communication Nervous Systems What is the function of nervous tissue? Maintain homeostasis & respond to stimuli Sense & transmit information rapidly, to specific cells and

More information

Information processing. Divisions of nervous system. Neuron structure and function Synapse. Neurons, synapses, and signaling 11/3/2017

Information processing. Divisions of nervous system. Neuron structure and function Synapse. Neurons, synapses, and signaling 11/3/2017 Neurons, synapses, and signaling Chapter 48 Information processing Divisions of nervous system Central nervous system (CNS) Brain and a nerve cord Integration center Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Nerves

More information

Navigation (Chapter 16)

Navigation (Chapter 16) Lecture 13, 04 Oct 2005 Chapter 16 & 17 Navigation & Muscle Function Vertebrate Physiology ECOL 437 (aka MCB 437, VetSci 437) University of Arizona Fall 2005 Vertebrate Physiology 437 Chapter 16 1. Navigation

More information

Lecture 13, 04 Oct 2005 Chapter 16 & 17 Navigation & Muscle Function

Lecture 13, 04 Oct 2005 Chapter 16 & 17 Navigation & Muscle Function Lecture 13, 04 Oct 2005 Chapter 16 & 17 Navigation & Muscle Function Vertebrate Physiology ECOL 437 (aka MCB 437, VetSci 437) University of Arizona Fall 2005 instr: Kevin Bonine t.a.: Kristen Potter 1

More information

The Neuron - F. Fig. 45.3

The Neuron - F. Fig. 45.3 excite.org(anism): Electrical Signaling The Neuron - F. Fig. 45.3 Today s lecture we ll use clickers Review today 11:30-1:00 in 2242 HJ Patterson Electrical signals Dendrites: graded post-synaptic potentials

More information

A Thesis. presented to. the Faculty of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo. In Partial Fulfillment

A Thesis. presented to. the Faculty of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo. In Partial Fulfillment IMPLEMENTATION OF MEDICINAL LEECH PREPARATION TO INVESTIGATE THE CONNECTION BETWEEN THE MOTOR NEURON AND MUSCLE FIBER VIA SHARP ELECTRODE ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY A Thesis presented to the Faculty of California

More information

Supplemental table S7.

Supplemental table S7. Supplemental table S7. GO terms significantly enriched in significantly up-regulated genes of the microarray. K: number of genes from the input cluster in the given category. F: number of total genes in

More information

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function. Chapter 40

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function. Chapter 40 Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function Chapter 40 Form and Function Anatomy- biological form of an organism. Physiology- biological function. Size and Shape Development of body plan and shape is

More information

Biomedical Instrumentation

Biomedical Instrumentation Biomedical Instrumentation Winter 1393 Bonab University The Origin of BioPotentials Bioelectric Signals Bioelectrical potential is a result of electrochemical activity across the membrane of the cell.

More information

Modelling of gastrocnemius muscle using Hill s equation in COMSOL Multiphysics 4.0a

Modelling of gastrocnemius muscle using Hill s equation in COMSOL Multiphysics 4.0a www.ijcsi.org 396 Modelling of gastrocnemius muscle using Hill s equation in COMSOL Multiphysics 4.0a S.Vivekanandan 1, D.S.Emmanuel 2 and Ramandeep Singh Saluja 3 1,3 School of Electrical Engineering,

More information

Electrical Engineering 3BA3: Structure of Biological Materials

Electrical Engineering 3BA3: Structure of Biological Materials Electrical Engineering 3BA3: Structure of Biological Materials Day Class Instructor: Dr. I. C. BRUCE Duration of Examination: 3 Hours McMaster University Final Examination December, 2004 This examination

More information

Lecture PowerPoints. Chapter 8 Physics: Principles with Applications, 6 th edition Giancoli

Lecture PowerPoints. Chapter 8 Physics: Principles with Applications, 6 th edition Giancoli Lecture PowerPoints Chapter 8 Physics: Principles with Applications, 6 th edition Giancoli 2005 Pearson Prentice Hall This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the

More information

Introduction Principles of Signaling and Organization p. 3 Signaling in Simple Neuronal Circuits p. 4 Organization of the Retina p.

Introduction Principles of Signaling and Organization p. 3 Signaling in Simple Neuronal Circuits p. 4 Organization of the Retina p. Introduction Principles of Signaling and Organization p. 3 Signaling in Simple Neuronal Circuits p. 4 Organization of the Retina p. 5 Signaling in Nerve Cells p. 9 Cellular and Molecular Biology of Neurons

More information

Chapter 8. Rotational Kinematics

Chapter 8. Rotational Kinematics Chapter 8 Rotational Kinematics 8.3 The Equations of Rotational Kinematics 8.4 Angular Variables and Tangential Variables The relationship between the (tangential) arc length, s, at some radius, r, and

More information

Chapter 37 Active Reading Guide Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Chapter 37 Active Reading Guide Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling Name: AP Biology Mr. Croft Section 1 1. What is a neuron? Chapter 37 Active Reading Guide Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling 2. Neurons can be placed into three groups, based on their location and function.

More information

Bossier Parish Community College Master Syllabus. Course Prefix and Number: BLGY 230 Credits Hours: 3

Bossier Parish Community College Master Syllabus. Course Prefix and Number: BLGY 230 Credits Hours: 3 Bossier Parish Community College Master Syllabus Course Prefix and Number: BLGY 230 Credits Hours: 3 Course Title: Human Anatomy and Physiology I Course Prerequisites: Reading competency Textbook: OpenStax

More information

Nerve and Muscle. Physiology of nerve

Nerve and Muscle. Physiology of nerve Nerve and Muscle Physiology of nerve The neuron The basic structural unit of the nervous system. Structure: The soma The dendrites: antenna like processes The axon: hillock, terminal buttons Types of nerve

More information

Rotational Motion. Lecture 17. Chapter 10. Physics I Department of Physics and Applied Physics

Rotational Motion. Lecture 17. Chapter 10. Physics I Department of Physics and Applied Physics Lecture 17 Chapter 10 Physics I 04.0.014 otational Motion Torque Course website: http://faculty.uml.edu/andriy_danylov/teaching/physicsi Lecture Capture: http://echo360.uml.edu/danylov013/physics1spring.html

More information

Movement & Muscle. 19 th Lecture Fri 27 Feb Chapter 18. Vertebrate Physiology ECOL 437 (MCB/VetSci 437) Univ. of Arizona, spring 2009

Movement & Muscle. 19 th Lecture Fri 27 Feb Chapter 18. Vertebrate Physiology ECOL 437 (MCB/VetSci 437) Univ. of Arizona, spring 2009 19 th Lecture Fri 27 Feb 2009 Vertebrate Physiology ECOL 437 (MCB/VetSci 437) Univ. of Arizona, spring 2009 Kevin Bonine & Kevin Oh Movement & Muscle Chapter 18 1 Housekeeping, Fri 27 February 2009 Readings

More information

Movement & Muscle Chapter 18

Movement & Muscle Chapter 18 19 th Lecture Fri 27 Feb 2009 Vertebrate Physiology ECOL 437 (MCB/VetSci 437) Univ. of Arizona, spring 2009 Kevin Bonine & Kevin Oh Movement & Muscle Chapter 18 1 Housekeeping, Fri 27 February 2009 Readings

More information

Part One: The Chemistry of Life

Part One: The Chemistry of Life Part One: The Chemistry of Life Chemistry is the study of matter and its changes. Organisms obtain and use many chemicals The metabolism of organisms involves many chemical reactions To understand all

More information

L ia D am ayanti. D epartm ent of H istology Faculty of M edicine University of I ndonesia

L ia D am ayanti. D epartm ent of H istology Faculty of M edicine University of I ndonesia L ia D am ayanti D epartm ent of H istology Faculty of M edicine University of I ndonesia 1 Introduction M uscle tissue One of the four basic tissues Properties Contractility Converting chemical energy

More information

Biology September 2015 Exam One FORM G KEY

Biology September 2015 Exam One FORM G KEY Biology 251 17 September 2015 Exam One FORM G KEY PRINT YOUR NAME AND ID NUMBER in the space that is provided on the answer sheet, and then blacken the letter boxes below the corresponding letters of your

More information

Biology September 2015 Exam One FORM W KEY

Biology September 2015 Exam One FORM W KEY Biology 251 17 September 2015 Exam One FORM W KEY PRINT YOUR NAME AND ID NUMBER in the space that is provided on the answer sheet, and then blacken the letter boxes below the corresponding letters of your

More information

CYTOLOGY & HISTOLOGY THE STUDY OF CELLS AND TISSUES

CYTOLOGY & HISTOLOGY THE STUDY OF CELLS AND TISSUES NAME: DATE: PARTNER: CYTOLOGY & HISTOLOGY THE STUDY OF CELLS AND TISSUES For ease of study, multicellular animals are often examined at various levels of structural organization. Starting from the most

More information

JEFFERSON COLLEGE COURSE SYLLABUS BIO 211 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I. 4 Credit Hours. Prepared by: Deborah Allen. Revised date: July, 2014

JEFFERSON COLLEGE COURSE SYLLABUS BIO 211 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I. 4 Credit Hours. Prepared by: Deborah Allen. Revised date: July, 2014 JEFFERSON COLLEGE COURSE SYLLABUS BIO 211 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I 4 Credit Hours Prepared by: Deborah Allen Revised date: July, 2014 Linda Abernathy, Division Chair for Math, Science, and Business Shirley

More information

Biomechanical Modelling of Musculoskeletal Systems

Biomechanical Modelling of Musculoskeletal Systems Biomechanical Modelling of Musculoskeletal Systems Lecture 6 Presented by Phillip Tran AMME4981/9981 Semester 1, 2016 The University of Sydney Slide 1 The Musculoskeletal System The University of Sydney

More information

Essential Question Content Skills Assessment Standards. Anatomical terms. Homeostatic mechanisms. Characteristics of Life. Requirements for life

Essential Question Content Skills Assessment Standards. Anatomical terms. Homeostatic mechanisms. Characteristics of Life. Requirements for life Honors Anatomy & Physiology 2012 Michael Harshaw, Melissa Castone Essential Question Content Skills Assessment Standards Month Introduction September- 1.5 weeks How do Anatomy and Physiology relate to

More information

Lecture PowerPoints. Chapter 10 Physics for Scientists and Engineers, with Modern Physics, 4 th edition Giancoli

Lecture PowerPoints. Chapter 10 Physics for Scientists and Engineers, with Modern Physics, 4 th edition Giancoli Lecture PowerPoints Chapter 10 Physics for Scientists and Engineers, with Modern Physics, 4 th edition Giancoli 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is

More information

Phys101 Lectures 19, 20 Rotational Motion

Phys101 Lectures 19, 20 Rotational Motion Phys101 Lectures 19, 20 Rotational Motion Key points: Angular and Linear Quantities Rotational Dynamics; Torque and Moment of Inertia Rotational Kinetic Energy Ref: 10-1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9. Page 1 Angular Quantities

More information

Overview Organization: Central Nervous System (CNS) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) innervate Divisions: a. Afferent

Overview Organization: Central Nervous System (CNS) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) innervate Divisions: a. Afferent Overview Organization: Central Nervous System (CNS) Brain and spinal cord receives and processes information. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Nerve cells that link CNS with organs throughout the body.

More information

Control and Integration. Nervous System Organization: Bilateral Symmetric Animals. Nervous System Organization: Radial Symmetric Animals

Control and Integration. Nervous System Organization: Bilateral Symmetric Animals. Nervous System Organization: Radial Symmetric Animals Control and Integration Neurophysiology Chapters 10-12 Nervous system composed of nervous tissue cells designed to conduct electrical impulses rapid communication to specific cells or groups of cells Endocrine

More information

Chapter 8 Rotational Equilibrium and Rotational Dynamics Force vs. Torque Forces cause accelerations Torques cause angular accelerations Force and

Chapter 8 Rotational Equilibrium and Rotational Dynamics Force vs. Torque Forces cause accelerations Torques cause angular accelerations Force and Chapter 8 Rotational Equilibrium and Rotational Dynamics Force vs. Torque Forces cause accelerations Torques cause angular accelerations Force and torque are related Torque The door is free to rotate about

More information

Membrane Potentials, Action Potentials, and Synaptic Transmission. Membrane Potential

Membrane Potentials, Action Potentials, and Synaptic Transmission. Membrane Potential Cl Cl - - + K + K+ K + K Cl - 2/2/15 Membrane Potentials, Action Potentials, and Synaptic Transmission Core Curriculum II Spring 2015 Membrane Potential Example 1: K +, Cl - equally permeant no charge

More information

Elec Eng 3BA3: Structure of Biological Materials

Elec Eng 3BA3: Structure of Biological Materials Elec Eng 3BA3: Structure of Biological Materials Page 1 of 12 Day Class Instructor: Dr. I. C. BRUCE Duration of Examination: 3 Hours McMaster University Final Examination December 5, 2008 This examination

More information

Some sensory receptors are specialized neurons while others are specialized cells that regulate neurons Figure 50.4

Some sensory receptors are specialized neurons while others are specialized cells that regulate neurons Figure 50.4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Sensory and Motor Mechanisms Chapter 50 Sensory receptors transduce stimulus energy and transmit signals to the central nervous system Sensory Pathways Sensory pathways have four basic

More information

Unit 2: Characteristics of Living Things Lesson 18: From Cell To Organism

Unit 2: Characteristics of Living Things Lesson 18: From Cell To Organism Name Unit 2: Characteristics of Living Things Lesson 18: From Cell To Organism Date Objective: Students will be able to compare organisms unique cells and cellular organization. Essential Questions: 1.

More information

DEVIL PHYSICS BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS IB PHYSICS

DEVIL PHYSICS BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS IB PHYSICS DEVIL PHYSICS BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS IB PHYSICS OPTION B-1A: ROTATIONAL DYNAMICS Essential Idea: The basic laws of mechanics have an extension when equivalent principles are applied to rotation. Actual

More information

Membrane Physiology. Dr. Hiwa Shafiq Oct-18 1

Membrane Physiology. Dr. Hiwa Shafiq Oct-18 1 Membrane Physiology Dr. Hiwa Shafiq 22-10-2018 29-Oct-18 1 Chemical compositions of extracellular and intracellular fluids. 29-Oct-18 2 Transport through the cell membrane occurs by one of two basic processes:

More information

Review. Watch the following video How Stuff Works - Cells video

Review. Watch the following video How Stuff Works - Cells video Types of Cells Review Watch the following video How Stuff Works - Cells video Multi-cellular Organisms Living things can be as simple as single-celled organisms such as a Paramecium or an Amoeba that lives

More information

Muscle regulation and Actin Topics: Tropomyosin and Troponin, Actin Assembly, Actin-dependent Movement

Muscle regulation and Actin Topics: Tropomyosin and Troponin, Actin Assembly, Actin-dependent Movement 1 Muscle regulation and Actin Topics: Tropomyosin and Troponin, Actin Assembly, Actin-dependent Movement In the last lecture, we saw that a repeating alternation between chemical (ATP hydrolysis) and vectorial

More information

For more information about how to cite these materials visit

For more information about how to cite these materials visit Author(s): Matthew Velkey, 2009 License: Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Share Alike 3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/

More information

Three-Dimensional Biomechanical Analysis of Human Movement

Three-Dimensional Biomechanical Analysis of Human Movement Three-Dimensional Biomechanical Analysis of Human Movement Anthropometric Measurements Motion Data Acquisition Force Platform Body Mass & Height Biomechanical Model Moments of Inertia and Locations of

More information

BIOL 225 Anatomy and Physiology I

BIOL 225 Anatomy and Physiology I South Central College BIOL 225 Anatomy and Physiology I Course Outcome Summary Course Information Description Total Credits 4 Total Hours 80 Types of Instruction Instruction Type Anatomy and Physiology

More information

Chapt. 12, Movement Across Membranes. Chapt. 12, Movement through lipid bilayer. Chapt. 12, Movement through lipid bilayer

Chapt. 12, Movement Across Membranes. Chapt. 12, Movement through lipid bilayer. Chapt. 12, Movement through lipid bilayer Chapt. 12, Movement Across Membranes Two ways substances can cross membranes Passing through the lipid bilayer Passing through the membrane as a result of specialized proteins 1 Chapt. 12, Movement through

More information

Excitation of Skeletal Muscle: Neuromuscular Transmission and Excitation-Contraction Coupling

Excitation of Skeletal Muscle: Neuromuscular Transmission and Excitation-Contraction Coupling C H A P T E R 7 Excitation of Skeletal Muscle: Neuromuscular Transmission and Excitation-Contraction Coupling U N I T I I TRANSMISSION OF IMPULSES FROM NERVE ENDINGS TO SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS: THE NEUROMUSCULAR

More information

Rotational Motion. Lecture 17. Chapter 10. Physics I Department of Physics and Applied Physics

Rotational Motion. Lecture 17. Chapter 10. Physics I Department of Physics and Applied Physics Lecture 17 Chapter 10 Physics I 11.13.2013 otational Motion Torque Course website: http://faculty.uml.edu/andriy_danylov/teaching/physicsi Lecture Capture: http://echo360.uml.edu/danylov2013/physics1fall.html

More information

University of Warwick institutional repository: A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of Warwick

University of Warwick institutional repository:  A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of Warwick University of Warwick institutional repository: http://go.warwick.ac.uk/wrap A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of Warwick http://go.warwick.ac.uk/wrap/60665 This thesis is made

More information

Chapter 9. Rotational Dynamics

Chapter 9. Rotational Dynamics Chapter 9 Rotational Dynamics 9.1 The Action of Forces and Torques on Rigid Objects In pure translational motion, all points on an object travel on parallel paths. The most general motion is a combination

More information

Guided Reading Activities

Guided Reading Activities Name Period Chapter 4: A Tour of the Cell Guided Reading Activities Big Idea: Introduction to the Cell Answer the following questions as you read Modules 4.1 4.4: 1. A(n) uses a beam of light to illuminate

More information

Quantitative Electrophysiology

Quantitative Electrophysiology ECE 795: Quantitative Electrophysiology Notes for Lecture #1 Wednesday, September 13, 2006 1. INTRODUCTION TO EXCITABLE CELLS Historical perspective: Bioelectricity first discovered by Luigi Galvani in

More information

Circular Motion, Pt 2: Angular Dynamics. Mr. Velazquez AP/Honors Physics

Circular Motion, Pt 2: Angular Dynamics. Mr. Velazquez AP/Honors Physics Circular Motion, Pt 2: Angular Dynamics Mr. Velazquez AP/Honors Physics Formulas: Angular Kinematics (θ must be in radians): s = rθ Arc Length 360 = 2π rads = 1 rev ω = θ t = v t r Angular Velocity α av

More information