MHD Induced Fast-Ion Losses in ASDEX Upgrade
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1 Max-Planck-Insititut für Plasmaphysik MHD Induced Fast-Ion Losses in ASDEX Upgrade Manuel García-Muñoz1 H.-U. Fahrbach1, M. Bruedgam1, V. Bobkov1, A. Flaws1, M. Gobbin2, S. Günter1, P. Lauber1, M. Mantsinen1,4, P. Martin2, M.Maraschek1, S.-D. Pinches5, P. Piovesan2, E. Poli1, V. Igochine1, L. Marrelli2, M. Reich1, V. Rohde1, K. Sassenberg1,3, A. Staebler1, E. Strumberger1, H. Zohm1 and the ASDEX Upgrade Team (1) Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Association Euratom, Boltzmannstrasse 2, Garching bei München, Germany (2) Consorzio RFX Associazione Euratom-Enea sulla fusione, Padova, Italy (3) Department of Physics, University College Cork, Euratom-DCU Association, Cork, Ireland (4) Helsinki Univ. of Technology, Association Euratom-Tekes, P.O.Box 4100, FIN HUT, Finland (5) Euratom/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB, UK 1
2 Detector principle: Energy and pitch angle resolution Scintillator detector design based on: - TFTR: S. J. Zweben, Nucl. Fusion 29, 825 (1989) - CHS: M. Isobe, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 70, 827 (1999) - W7-AS: A. Werner, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72, 780 (2001) - JET: S. Bäumel, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75, 3563 (2004) - LHD: M. Nishiura, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75, 3646 (2004) M. Garcia-Munoz et al, Rev. Sci. Instrum. (2008) submitted fast ions vtot = v + v// The strike points of the ions on the scintillator plate depend on their gyroradius and pitch angle (~magnetic spectrometer) 2
3 Fast-ion losses due to NTMs; NBI ions Typical FIL pattern in pure NBI-heated discharges with NTM activity (2,1) NTM contribution to fast-ion losses: Enhacement of the NBI prompt loss patterns Fast-ion losses in a phase-space area corresponding to passing orbits Garcia-Munoz, M. et al Nucl. Fusion 47 (2007) L10-L15 3
4 NBI modulated experiments to study fast-ion loss time scales Correlation between FIL, (2,1) magnetic perturbation and NBI source modulation magnetics Fast ion losses 4
5 NBI modulated experiments to study fast-ion loss time scales magnetics Fast ion losses 5
6 NBI modulated experiments to study fast-ion loss time scales magnetics Fast ion losses Amplitude of dominant frequency Amplitude of dominant frequency 6
7 Fast-ion loss mechanisms; time scales Modelling results in good agreement with measurements S. Guenter, TH/P9-10 Fast-ion loss signal on passing orbits decay within μs Fast-ion loss signal on trapped orbits decay within ms Strumberger, E. et al New J. Phys (2008) 7
8 Fast-ion loss mechanisms; time scales Modelling results in good agreement with measurements S. Guenter, TH/P9-10 t = 10 ms t = 10 µs t = 6-8 µs Strumberger, E. et al New J. Phys (2008) 8
9 Fast-ion losses due to NTMs; ICRF ions (3,2) NTM induces ICRF fast-ion losses in improve H-mode discharges E. Poli et al, Phys. Plasmas (2008) Loss pattern shows NBI prompt losses and ICRF lost ions due to NTM NTM losses appear in the trapped domain arccos(v /v) = Gyroradius 50 mm corresponding to hydrogen ions with E = 600 kev 9
10 NTM magnetic fluctuation and FIL correlation Clear correlation in frequency, phase and amplitude Maximum losses appear between O-point and X-point of magnetic island Signal decay at constant island width 10
11 NTM magnetic fluctuation and FIL correlation Clear correlation in frequency, phase and amplitude Maximum losses appear between O-point and X-point of magnetic island Signal decay at constant island width t 11
12 NTM magnetic fluctuation and FIL correlation Clear correlation in frequency, phase and amplitude Maximum losses appear between O-point and X-point of magnetic island Signal decay at constant island width t 12
13 Fast-Ion Losses due to Fast-Ion Driven MHD Instabilities On ASDEX Upgrade: ne (1019 m-3) ICRH ICRF heated discharges Multiple fast-ion driven MHD #21083 Magnetic Spectrogram P (MW) n=7 instabilities observed using magnetic pick-up coils n=3 TAEs A new core localised nonalfvenic instability Sierpes mode has been identified by SXR diagnostic Fishbones Soft X-Ray Spectrogram Core Channel #21083 Including background diamagnetic effects, a rasonable agreement has been found between fsierpes and fbae when the FI pressure is not too large (i.e. rapid f-rise before sawtooth crash or f-chirping) (4,4) (1,1) & (2,2) Garcia-Munoz, M. et al. PRL 100 (2008) 13
14 Observation of ICRH Fast Ion Losses due to Fast Ion Driven MHD Instabilities Selective character of the loss mechanisms; ICRH tail ions lost with two different energies (Ip=1.2 MA, Bt=2T) García-Muñoz, M. et al. PRL 100 (2008) n=7 TAEs n=3 CCD view: Fast ion loss pattern in phase-space Time (s) n=7 TAEs 1.5 n=3 Gyroradii corresponding to hydrogen ions with E = 300 kev and E = kev Correlation in frequency and phase with fast-ion driven MHD fluctuations (TAEs and Sierpes) Sierpes Fishbones Time (s) TAE FILD 14
15 Fast-ion loss rates due to TAEs and Sierpes Analysis of the fast-ion loss evolution tracking the Sierpes and TAE frequencies FILD Spectrogram n=4 n=5 n=6 Sierpes The Sierpes mode always seems to be more effective ejecting ions than the individual TAEs A correlation between the spikes of the fast-ion losses due to Sierpes and TAEs suggests a coupling between fast-ion loss mechanisms 15
16 Loss mechanisms coupling; particle channeling TAEs and Sierpes radial eigenfunction reconstructed with the MHD-IC code and their SXR emissions (n=4,m=4) Sierpes a.u. (n=4,m=4,5) TAE rhopol Garcia-Munoz, M. et al. PRL 100 (2008) 16
17 Loss mechanisms coupling; particle channeling TAEs and Sierpes radial eigenfunction reconstructed by the MHDIC code and their SXR emissions Fast ions pressure profile calculated by the PION code reveals high local FI pressure and gradients at the Sierpes and TAE locations (n=4,m=4) Sierpes a.u. (n=4,m=4,5) TAE The radial chain of FI driven MHD fluctuations may explain the higher FI transport towards the vessel wall A transient overlapping of the Sierpes and TAE eigenfunction may enhance drastically the FILs rhopol Garcia-Munoz, M. et al. PRL 100 (2008) Internal MHD fluctuations must be taken into account in order to reproduce quantitatively the FI transport due to FI driven MHD instabilities 17
18 TAE and Sierpes loss mechanisms; numerical simulations Initial FI distribution function for HAGIS based on results obtained by the ICRH modeling codes PION and FIDO #21083 AUG Equilibrium Central localization of the maximum fast ion pressure within rho~0.25. E < 10% Etot, ßfast ~ 25% ßtot Orbit properties investigated using HAGIS code. On-axis ICRF minority heating Distribution function described by Λ= μb0/e=1 & fw ~ exp (-E/T) Trapped orbits with turning points at ICRH resonance layer (vll = 0 at magnetic axis): Pφ = mr vll - eψp z0 ψp = - Pφ ωφ (0,250) ωθ (0,500) khz with E up to 1.6 MeV M. García-Muñoz et al., IAEA TM EP (2007) M. J. Mantsinen et al., RF Topical (2007) 18
19 Resonant ICRH ions General resonance condition: Ω np = n ωφ - p ωθ - ω MHD Linear simulation without considering MHD perturbation amplitude An energy/canonical momentum exchange takes place if the resonance conditions are fulfilled by the typical fast-ion orbital and wave frequencies A quantitative analysis of the losses required non-linear simulations of the interplay evolution between fast-ions and eigenmodes 19
20 Resonant ICRH ions General resonance condition: Ω np = n ωφ - p ωθ - ω MHD Log (1/Ωnp) Sierpes mode n=4 Linear simulation without considering MHD perturbation amplitude An energy/canonical momentum exchange takes place if the resonance conditions are fulfilled by the typical fast-ion orbital and wave frequencies A quantitative analysis of the losses required non-linear simulations of the interplay evolution between fast-ions and eigenmodes 20
21 Resonant ICRH ions General resonance condition: Ω np = n ωφ - p ωθ - ω MHD Log (1/Ωnp) TAE n=5 Log (1/Ωnp) Sierpes mode n=4 21
22 Resonant ICRH ions General resonance condition: Ω np = n ωφ - p ωθ - ω MHD Log (1/Ωnp) TAE n=4 Log (1/Ωnp) TAE n=5 Log (1/Ωnp) Sierpes mode n=4 A fast-ion channeling in phase space might be being the responsible for the coupling between TAE and Sierpes loss mechanisms An overlapping of resonance conditions (i.e. p=1) might increase strongly the fast-ion loss fluxes 22
23 Summary Observations Numerical simulations NBI well confined passing ion losses due to NTMs Loss mechanism identified. Drift islands NBI trapped ion losses due to NTMs Orbit stochasticity ICRH trapped ion losses due to (3,2) NTMs Resonance condition and loss mechanism identified with HAGIS ICRH trapped ion losses due to fast-ion driven MHD instabilities Resonance condition identified with HAGIS. Fast-ion channeling in phase-space? A new core-localised nonalfvénic MHD perturbation, Sierpes Mode. It dominates the FI transport in ICRH discharges BAE/KBM? Work in progress 23
24 Backp Up Slides 24
25 Sierpes mode nature At moderate fast-ion pressures, Sierpes mode follows BAE dispersion relation Hybrid mode. Coupling with the Kinetic Ballooning Branch explains also the frequency rise 25
26 Summary II Observation and modeling of: W=const. ~ v =E xb/b v = v x δb /B Trapped μ B0 W LOST Counterpassing Co-passing ~ Ψ ~ Pφ 1) NBI well confined passing ion losses due to NTMs. Drift Islands 2) ICRH trapped ion losses due to NTMs and TAEs. Phase matching. Convective mechanism. (~δbr) 3) NBI trapped ion losses due to NTMs. Diffusive transport. Orbit stochasticity 4) A new core-localised nonalfvenic MHD perturbation. Sierpes Mode. It dominates the FI transport in ICRH discharges 26
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