Chapter 7. Impulse and Momentum
|
|
|
- Ashlee Gilbert
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 7 Impulse and Momentum
2 Chaper 6 Review: Work and Energy Forces and Displacements Effect of forces acting over a displacement Work W = (F cos)s Work changes the Kinetic Energy of a mass Kinetic Energy KE = 1 2 mv2 Work - Energy Theorem (true always) W = KE f KE 0 Conservative Force Gravity Potential Energy PE = mgh Non-Conservative Forces doing work W NC Humans, Friction, Explosions Work - Energy Theorem (still true always) W NC = ( KE f KE ) 0 + ( PE f PE ) 0 All of these quantities are scalars. (magnitude of a vector is a scalar)
3 Quiz 6 1. C&J page 172 (middle), Check Your Understanding #12: fuel tank
4 Quiz 6 1. C&J page 172 (middle), Check Your Understanding #12: fuel tank 2. Two people throw a baseball m = 0.5 kg, with a speed of 10 m/s back and forth with 30 round trips. How much energy must be transferred to the baseball to accomplish this motion? a) 1500J b) 800J c) 200 J d) 100J e) 50J
5 3. A ball is thrown upward with an initial speed v from the roof of a building. An identical ball is thrown downward with the same initial speed v. When the balls reach the ground, how do the kinetic energies of the two balls compare? Ignore any air resistance effects a) The kinetic energies of the two balls are the same. b) The first ball has twice the kinetic energy as the second ball. c) The first ball has one half the kinetic energy as the second ball. d) The first ball has four times the kinetic energy as the second ball. e) The first ball has three times the kinetic energy as the second ball.
6 3. A ball is thrown upward with an initial speed v from the roof of a building. An identical ball is thrown downward with the same initial speed v. When the balls reach the ground, how do the kinetic energies of the two balls compare? Ignore any air resistance effects a) The kinetic energies of the two balls are the same. b) The first ball has twice the kinetic energy as the second ball. c) The first ball has one half the kinetic energy as the second ball. d) The first ball has four times the kinetic energy as the second ball. e) The first ball has three times the kinetic energy as the second ball. 4. If the amount of energy needed to operate a 150 W light bulb for one minute were used to launch a 2-kg projectile, what maximum height could the projectile reach, ignoring any resistive effects? (1 W = 1 J/s) a) 450 m b) 300 m c) 150 m d) 75 m e) 30 m
7 Quiz 6 1. C&J page 172 (middle), Check Your Understanding #12: fuel tank 2. Two people throw a baseball m = 0.5 kg, with a speed of 10 m/s back and forth with 30 round trips. How much energy must be transferred to the baseball to accomplish this motion? a) 1500J b) 800J c) 200 J d) 100J e) 50J 1 throw: KE = 1 2 mv2 = (0.5)(0.5 kg)(10 m/s) 2 = 25J/throw 60 throws: total KE = (60 throws)(25j/throw) = 1500 J d) same speed, but not direction
8 3. A ball is thrown upward with an initial speed v from the roof of a building. An identical ball is thrown downward with the same initial speed v. When the balls reach the ground, how do the kinetic energies of the two balls compare? Ignore any air resistance effects a) The kinetic energies of the two balls are the same. b) The first ball has twice the kinetic energy as the second ball. c) The first ball has one half the kinetic energy as the second ball. d) The first ball has four times the kinetic energy as the second ball. e) The first ball has three times the kinetic energy as the second ball. 4. If the amount of energy needed to operate a 150 W light bulb for one minute were used to launch a 2-kg projectile, what maximum height could the projectile reach, ignoring any resistive effects? (1 W = 1 J/s) a) 450 m b) 300 m c) 150 m d) 75 m e) 30 m Energy used E 0 = Pt = ( 150 J/s)(60 s) = 9000 J E 0 = E f, h = E 0 mg = E f = KE f + PE f = 0 + mgh 9000 J ( 2 kg) 9.8 m/s 2 ( ) = 450 m
9 7.1 The Impulse-Momentum Theorem Chapter 7 is about the COLLISION of two masses. Both masses are needed to understand their interaction. Newton's 3rd Law plays a very important part. Collisions involve two new concepts: Impulse and Momentum. Impulse concept leads to the Momentum definition. Also applied to two (or more) masses blown apart by an explosion.
10 7.1 The Impulse-Momentum Theorem What is the effect of force acting over a short time? Force changes the direction of the velocity vector of the baseball. The bat/ball force is not constant and the mass makes a very short displacement while it acts.
11 7.1 The Impulse-Momentum Theorem F acts on the Baseball m, v, and a are of the Baseball F = ma a = v f v o "t F = m v f " m v o #t F on BALL of BALL ( ) Δt = m v f m v o Momentum p = m v Impulse ( F)"t Newton's 3 rd Law gives force on Bat F ( ) = F on BAT ( ) on BALL
12 7.1 The Impulse-Momentum Theorem DEFINITION OF IMPULSE The impulse of a force is the product of the average force and the time interval during which the force acts: F = average force vector Impulse is a vector quantity and has the same direction as the average force.
13 7.1 The Impulse-Momentum Theorem
14 7.1 The Impulse-Momentum Theorem DEFINITION OF LINEAR MOMENTUM The linear momentum of an object is the product of the object s mass times its velocity: Momentum is a VECTOR Linear momentum is a vector quantity and has the same direction as the velocity.
15 7.1 The Impulse-Momentum Theorem IMPULSE-MOMENTUM THEOREM When a net force acts on an object, the impulse of this force is equal to the change in the momentum of the object impulse final momentum minus initial momentum ( F)"t = m v f # m v o Time averaged force acting on the mass. Changes the momentum of the mass.
16 7.1 The Impulse-Momentum Theorem Example 2 A Rain Storm Rain comes down with a velocity of -15 m/s and hits the roof of a car. The mass of rain per second that strikes the roof of the car is kg/s. Assuming that rain comes to rest upon striking the car, find the average force exerted by the rain on the roof. F ( )"t = m v f # m v o Using this, you will determine the average force on the raindrops. But, using Newton's 3rd law you can get the average force on the roof.
17 7.1 The Impulse-Momentum Theorem Neglecting the raindrop s weight, the average net force on the raindrops caused by the collisions with the roof is obtained. Impulse of roof on raindrops Changes momentum of the raindrops Ft = m v f " m v o v f = 0 BEFORE Collision DURING Collision AFTER Collision F v 0 = 15m/s roof v f = 0 roof # F= m & $ % "t ' ( v o F= 0.060kg s ( ) 15m s ( ) = N mass of rain per second " # $ m t % & ' = kg/s By Newton's 3rd Law average force of raindrops on the roof is F= 0.90N
18 Clicker Question 7.1 Hailstones versus raindrops Instead of rain, suppose hail has velocity of 15 m/s and one hailstone with a mass kg of hits the roof and bounces off with a velocity of +10 m/s. In the collision, what is the change of the momentum vector of the hailstone? a) 1.5 N s b) +1.5 N s c) 0.0 N s d) 0.3 N s e) N s m = 0.06 kg v 0 = 15m/s v f = +10m/s
19 Clicker Question 7.1 Hailstones versus raindrops Instead of rain, suppose hail has velocity of 15 m/s and one hailstone with a mass kg of hits the roof and bounces off with a velocity of +10 m/s. In the collision, what is the change of the momentum vector of the hailstone? a) 1.5 N s b) +1.5 N s c) 0.0 N s d) 0.3 N s e) N s m = 0.06 kg v 0 = 15m/s v f = +10m/s Ft = change in momentum = m v f " m v 0 = m( v f " v 0 ) = (0.060 kg)(+10 m/s " ("15 m/s) =+1.5 kg # m/s
20 7.2 The Principle of Conservation of Linear Momentum WORK-ENERGY THEOREM CONSERVATION OF ENERGY IMPULSE-MOMENTUM THEOREM??? Apply the impulse-momentum theorem to the midair collision between two objects while falling due to gravity.
21 7.2 The Principle of Conservation of Linear Momentum External forces Forces exerted on the objects by agents external to the system. Net force changes the velocity (and momentum) of a mass. Newton's 2 nd Law W 1 & W 2 System of two masses Internal forces Forces that objects within the system exert on each other. These forces have equal magnitudes and opposite directions. Newton's 3 rd Law External forces Forces exerted on the objects by agents external to the system. Net force changes the velocity (and momentum) of a mass. Newton's 2 nd Law W 1 & W 2 Also W 1 & W 2
22 7.2 The Principle of Conservation of Linear Momentum (F)"t = m v f # m v o ( W 1 + F 12 )t = m vf1 1 " m vo1 1 Force on mass 1 OBJECT 1 generated by mass 2 OBJECT 2 ( W 2 + F 21 )t = m vf 2 2 " m vo2 2 Force on mass 2 generated by mass 1
23 7.2 The Principle of Conservation of Linear Momentum ( W 1 + F 12 )Δt = m vf1 1 m vo1 1 + ( W 2 + F 21 )t = m vf 2 2 " m vo2 2 For the effect of all the impulses on the system of two masses, add the equations together. ( W 1 + W 2 + F 12 + F 21 )t = ( m vf1 1 + m vf ) 2 2 " ( m vo1 1 + m vo2 ) 2 F 12 = F 21 The impulses due to Internal forces will cancel P f Final momentum of System P o Initial momentum of System
24 7.2 The Principle of Conservation of Linear Momentum Leaving ( W 1 + W ) 2 Δt = P f P o Sum of average external forces. Changes momentum
25 7.2 The Principle of Conservation of Linear Momentum If the sum of the external forces is zero, then PRINCIPLE OF CONSERVATION OF LINEAR MOMENTUM The total linear momentum of an isolated system is constant (conserved). An isolated system is one for which the sum of the average external forces acting on the system is zero. Most Important example If there are NO external forces acting (gravity is not affecting objects), then the momentum of the system is conserved.
26 Clicker Question 7.2 Two hockey pucks bang into each other on frictionless ice. Each puck has a mass of 0.5 kg, and are moving directly toward each other each with a speed of 12 m/s. What is the total momentum of the system of two pucks? a) 0.0 N s b) 12 N s c) 6.0 N s d) 12 N s e) 6.0 N s
27 Clicker Question 7.2 Two hockey pucks bang into each other on frictionless ice. Each puck has a mass of 0.5 kg, and are moving directly toward each other each with a speed of 12 m/s. What is the total momentum of the system of two pucks? a) 0.0 N s b) 12 N s c) 6.0 N s d) 12 N s e) 6.0 N s puck 1: v 1 = +12m/s puck 2: v 2 = 12m/s P Total = m v 1 + m v 2 = (6 N s) + ( 6 N s) = 0
28 Clicker Question 7.2 Two hockey pucks bang into each other on frictionless ice. Each puck has a mass of 0.5 kg, and are moving directly toward each other each with a speed of 12 m/s. What is the total momentum of the system of two pucks? a) 0.0 N s b) 12 N s c) 6.0 N s d) 12 N s e) 6.0 N s puck 1: v 1 = +12m/s puck 2: v 2 = 12m/s P Total = m v 1 + m v 2 = (6 N s) + ( 6 N s) = 0 Clicker Question 7.3 After the pucks collide, what is the total momentum of the system? a) 6.0 N s b) 12 N s c) 6.0 N s d) 12 N s e) 0.0 N s
29 Clicker Question 7.2 Two hockey pucks bang into each other on frictionless ice. Each puck has a mass of 0.5 kg, and are moving directly toward each other each with a speed of 12 m/s. What is the total momentum of the system of two pucks? a) 0.0 N s b) 12 N s c) 6.0 N s d) 12 N s e) 6.0 N s puck 1: v 1 = +12m/s puck 2: v 2 = 12m/s P Total = m v 1 + m v 2 = (6 N s) + ( 6 N s) = 0 Clicker Question 7.3 After the pucks collide, what is the total momentum of the system? a) 6.0 N s b) 12 N s c) 6.0 N s d) 12 N s e) 0.0 N s No external forces, total momentum of system conserved P f = P o = 0
30 7.2 The Principle of Conservation of Linear Momentum Conceptual Example 4 Is the Total Momentum Conserved? Imagine two balls colliding on a billiard table that is friction-free. Use the momentum conservation principle in answering the following questions. (a) Is the total momentum of the two-ball system the same before and after the collision? (b) Answer part (a) for a system that contains only one of the two colliding balls.
31 7.2 The Principle of Conservation of Linear Momentum PRINCIPLE OF CONSERVATION OF LINEAR MOMENTUM The total linear momentum of an isolated system is constant (conserved). An isolated system is one for which the sum of the average external forces acting on the system is zero. In the top picture the net external force on the system is zero. In the bottom picture the net external force on the system is not zero.
32 7.2 The Principle of Conservation of Linear Momentum Example 6 Ice Skaters Starting from rest, two skaters push off against each other on ice where friction is negligible. One is a 54-kg woman and one is a 88-kg man. The woman moves away with a speed of +2.5 m/s. Find the recoil velocity of the man.
33 7.2 The Principle of Conservation of Linear Momentum P f = P o m 1 v f 1 + m 2 v f 2 = 0 v f 2 = m 1 v f 1 m 2 v f 2 = ( 54 kg) ( +2.5m s) 88 kg = 1.5m s
34 7.2 The Principle of Conservation of Linear Momentum Applying the Principle of Conservation of Linear Momentum 1. Decide which objects are included in the system. 2. Relative to the system, identify the internal and external forces. 3. Verify that the system is isolated. 4. Set the final momentum of the system equal to its initial momentum. Remember that momentum is a vector.
35 7.3 Collisions in One Dimension The total linear momentum is conserved when two objects collide, provided they constitute an isolated system. Elastic collision -- One in which the total kinetic energy of the system after the collision is equal to the total kinetic energy before the collision. Inelastic collision -- One in which the total kinetic energy of the system after the collision is not equal to the total kinetic energy before the collision; if the objects stick together after colliding, the collision is said to be completely inelastic.
36 7.3 Collisions in One Dimension Example 8 A Ballistic Pendulim The mass of the block of wood is 2.50-kg and the mass of the bullet is kg. The block swings to a maximum height of m above the initial position. Find the initial speed of the bullet.
37 7.3 Collisions in One Dimension Apply conservation of momentum to the collision: m 1 v f 1 + m 2 v f 2 = m 1 v o1 + m 2 v o2 ( m 1 + m 2 )v f = m 1 v o1 v o1 = m 1 + m 2 ( )v f m 1
38 7.3 Collisions in One Dimension Applying conservation of energy to the swinging motion: mgh = 1 2 mv2 ( m 1 + m 2 )gh f = 1 ( m + m )v f gh f = 1 v 2 2 f v f = 2gh f = 2( 9.80m s 2 )( m)
39 7.3 Collisions in One Dimension v f = 2( 9.80m s 2 )( m) ( v o1 = m + m 1 2 )v f m 1 v o1 = " # kg kg kg $ % & m s 2 ( ) m ( ) = +896m s
40 7.4 Collisions in Two Dimensions A Collision in Two Dimensions
41 7.4 Collisions in Two Dimensions
42 7.5 Center of Mass The center of mass is a point that represents the average location for the total mass of a system. x cm = m 1 x 1 + m 2 x 2 m 1 + m 2
43 7.5 Center of Mass x cm = m 1 x 1 + m 2 x 2 m 1 + m 2 v cm = m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 m 1 + m 2
44 7.5 Center of Mass v cm = m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 m 1 + m 2 In an isolated system, the total linear momentum does not change, therefore the velocity of the center of mass does not change.
45 7.5 Center of Mass BEFORE v cm = m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 m 1 + m 2 = 0 AFTER v cm = ( 88 kg) (1.5m s) + ( 54 kg) ( +2.5m s) 88 kg + 54 kg = " 0
Chapter 7. Impulse and Momentum
Chapter 7 Impulse and Momentum 7.1 The Impulse-Momentum Theorem There are many situations when the force on an object is not constant. 7.1 The Impulse-Momentum Theorem DEFINITION OF IMPULSE The impulse
Chapter 7. Impulse and Momentum
Chapter 7 Impulse and Momentum 7.1 The Impulse-Momentum Theorem There are many situations when the force on an object is not constant. 7.1 The Impulse-Momentum Theorem DEFINITION OF IMPULSE The impulse
Impulse and Momentum continued
Chapter 7 Impulse and Momentum continued 7.2 The Principle of Conservation of Linear Momentum External forces Forces exerted on the objects by agents external to the system. Net force changes the velocity
Chapter 7. Impulse and Momentum
Chapter 7 Ipulse and Moentu 7. The Ipulse-Moentu Theore 7. The Ipulse-Moentu Theore There are any situations when the force on an object is not constant. 7. The Ipulse-Moentu Theore DEFINITION OF IMPULSE
Ch 7 Impulse-Momentum Theorem, Conservation of Momentum, and Collisions
Ch 7 Impulse-Momentum Theorem, Conservation of Momentum, and Collisions Momentum and its relation to force Momentum describes an object s motion. Linear momentum is the product of an object s mass and
Physics 231 Lecture 14
Physics 231 Lecture 14 Impulses: forces that last a short time Momentum: p = mv Impulse-Momentum theorem: FΔt = Δp = mδv = m( v f v i ) Momentum conservation: p tot,f p 1,f + p 2,f = p 1,i + p 2,i p tot,i
Chapter 7. Impulse and Momentum
Chapter 7 Ipulse and Moentu 7. The Ipulse-Moentu Theore There are any situations when the force on an object is not constant. 7. The Ipulse-Moentu Theore DEFINITION OF IMPULSE The ipulse of a force is
Chapter 7. Impulse and Momentum
Chapter 7 Impulse and Momentum 1) Linear momentum p = mv (units: kg m / s) 2) Impulse (produces a finite change in momentum) (a) Constant force: J = FΔt From the 2nd law, F = Δ(m v) Δt = Δ p Δt, so J =
Chapter 7 Impulse and Momentum. So far we considered only constant force/s BUT There are many situations when the force on an object is not constant
Chapter 7 Ipulse and Moentu So far we considered only constant force/s BUT There are any situations when the force on an object is not constant Force varies with tie 7. The Ipulse-Moentu Theore DEFINITION
Impulse/Momentum And Its Conservation
Impulse/Momentum And Its Conservation Which is easier to stop? Truck, car, bowling ball, or baseball all moving at 30 mph. Baseball -it is the least massive. Baseball at 30 mph or a baseball at 90 mph.
Impulse & Linear Momentum
Name: Per: Date: Los Altos High School Physics Impulse & Linear Momentum r F ave t r = P r r P ox = P fx r r P o = P f r r P oy = P fy r r P = mv Mr. Randall Room 705 adam.randall@mvla.net www.laphysics.com
Center of Mass & Linear Momentum
PHYS 101 Previous Exam Problems CHAPTER 9 Center of Mass & Linear Momentum Center of mass Momentum of a particle Momentum of a system Impulse Conservation of momentum Elastic collisions Inelastic collisions
PS113 Chapter 7. Impulse and Momentum
PS113 Chapter 7 Impulse and Momentum 1 The impulse-momentum theorem There are many situations in which the force acting on a object is not constant, but varies with time. The resulting motion can be simply
Chapter 7 Impulse and Momentum. So far we considered only constant force/s BUT There are many situations when the force on an object is not constant
Chapter 7 Ipulse and Moentu So far we considered only constant force/s BUT There are any situations when the force on an object is not constant JUST IN TIME TEACHING E-ail or bring e your questions prior
Conservation of Momentum. The total momentum of a closed, isolated system does not change.
Conservation of Momentum In the 17 th century, Newton and others had measured the momentum of colliding objects before and after collision, and had discovered a strange phenomenon: the total momentum of
Notes Momentum. Momentum and Impulse. - The product (multiplication) of an objects mass and velocity is called momentum.
Notes Momentum Momentum and Impulse - The product (multiplication) of an objects mass and velocity is called momentum. Momentum is the energy of motion of an object. Momentum is represented by the letter.
(A) 0 (B) mv (C) 2mv (D) 2mv sin θ (E) 2mv cos θ
Physics 1 Lesson 8 Forces and Momentum Homework Outcomes 1. Define linear momentum. 2. Determine the total linear momentum of a system. 3. Apply the Law of Conservation of Momentum to solve problems. 4.
Phys101 Lectures 14, 15, 16 Momentum and Collisions
Phys101 Lectures 14, 15, 16 Momentum and Collisions Key points: Momentum and impulse Condition for conservation of momentum and why How to solve collision problems Centre of mass Ref: 9-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9.
Momentum and Its Relation to Force
Linear Momentum Momentum and Its Relation to Force The linear momentum, or momentum, of an object is defined as the product of its mass and its velocity. Momentum, p, is a vector and its direction is the
Physics 2514 Lecture 26
Physics 2514 Lecture 26 P. Gutierrez Department of Physics & Astronomy University of Oklahoma Physics 2514 p. 1/12 Review We have defined the following using Newton s second law of motion ( F net = d p
Linear momentum conservation
Linear momentum conservation Bullet +head Low speed High mass Bullet High speed Low mass Momentum = mv Fluid, brain Low speed, low mass CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM COMES FROM NEWTON S THIRD LAW = ACTION =
2017 PHYSICS FINAL REVIEW PACKET EXAM BREAKDOWN
2017 PHYSICS FINAL REVIEW PACKET EXAM BREAKDOWN Topics: Forces Motion Momentum Gravity Electrostatics DATE: TIME: ROOM: PROCTOR: YOU ARE REQUIRED TO BRING: 1. CALCULATOR (YOUR OWN NO SHARING) 2. PENCIL
Chap. 8: Collisions and Momentum Conservation
Chap. 8: Collisions and Momentum Conservation 1. System in Collision and Explosion C.M. 2. Analysis of Motion of System (C.M.) Kinematics and Dynamics Conservation between Before and After a) b) Energy
(D) Based on Ft = m v, doubling the mass would require twice the time for same momentum change
1. A car of mass m, traveling at speed v, stops in time t when maximum braking force is applied. Assuming the braking force is independent of mass, what time would be required to stop a car of mass m traveling
UNIT 4 MOMENTUM & IMPULSE
UNIT 4 UNIT 4 MOMENTUM & IMPULSE IMPULSE-MOMENTUM THEOREM Remember, means final initial p = p f p i v = v f v i J = F( t) = p = m v = (mv f mv i ) The impulse, J, that acts on an object is equal to the
Momentum Practice Problems
Momentum Practice Problems PSI AP Physics C Name Multiple Choice 1. A steel ball and a piece of clay have equal mass. They are dropped from the same height on a horizontal steel platform. The ball bounces
Momentum and Collisions
Momentum and Collisions Objectives: You Should Be Able To: Define and give examples of impulse and momentum along with appropriate units. Write and apply a relationship between impulse and momentum in
Chapter 9 Linear Momentum and Collisions
Chapter 9 Linear Momentum and Collisions The Center of Mass The center of mass of a system of particles is the point that moves as though (1) all of the system s mass were concentrated there and (2) all
When particle with mass m moves with velocity v, we define its Linear Momentum p as product of its mass m and its velocity v:
8. LINEAR MOMENTUM. Key words: Linear Momentum, Law of Conservation of Momentum, Collisions, Elastic Collisions, Inelastic Collisions, Completely Inelastic Collision, Impulse, Impulse Momentum Theorem.
Physics 131: Lecture 15. Today s Agenda
Physics 131: Lecture 15 Today s Agenda Impulse and Momentum (or the chapter where physicists run out of letters) Non-constant t forces Impulse-momentum thm Conservation of Linear momentum External/Internal
Extra credit assignment #4 It can be handed in up until one class before Test 4 (check your course outline). It will NOT be accepted after that.
Extra credit assignment #4 It can be handed in up until one class before Test 4 (check your course outline). It will NOT be accepted after that. NAME: 4. Units of power include which of the following?
Chapter 9. Linear Momentum and Collisions
Chapter 9 Linear Momentum and Collisions Momentum Analysis Models Force and acceleration are related by Newton s second law. When force and acceleration vary by time, the situation can be very complicated.
Physics 11 (Fall 2012) Chapter 9: Momentum. Problem Solving
Physics 11 (Fall 2012) Chapter 9: Momentum The answers you receive depend upon the questions you ask. Thomas Kuhn Life is a mirror and will reflect back to the thinker what he thinks into it. Ernest Holmes
Physics 1A Fall 2013: Quiz 4 Version A 1. Department of Physics Physics 1A Fall Quarter 2013 Dr. Paddock. Version A
Physics 1A Fall 2013: Quiz 4 Version A 1 Department of Physics Physics 1A Fall Quarter 2013 Dr. Paddock Version A DO NOT TURN OVER THIS PAGE UNTIL INSTRUCTED TO DO SO PUT AWAY ALL BOOKS, NOTES, PHONES,
Today: Work, Kinetic Energy, Potential Energy. No Recitation Quiz this week
Today: Work, Kinetic Energy, Potential Energy HW #4 due Thursday, 11:59 p.m. pm No Recitation Quiz this week 1 What is Energy? Mechanical Electromagnetic PHY 11 PHY 13 Chemical CHE 105 Nuclear PHY 555
7-6 Inelastic Collisions
7-6 Inelastic Collisions With inelastic collisions, some of the initial kinetic energy is lost to thermal or potential energy. It may also be gained during explosions, as there is the addition of chemical
Sometimes (like on AP test) you will see the equation like this:
Work, Energy & Momentum Notes Chapter 5 & 6 The two types of energy we will be working with in this unit are: (K in book KE): Energy associated with of an object. (U in book PE): Energy associated with
Base your answers to questions 5 and 6 on the information below.
1. A car travels 90. meters due north in 15 seconds. Then the car turns around and travels 40. meters due south in 5.0 seconds. What is the magnitude of the average velocity of the car during this 20.-second
AAST/AEDT. Center of mass
AAST/AEDT AP PHYSICS C: Center of mass Let us run an experiment: We take an object of a random shape and pull it by applying a force as shown on a diagram. The object experiences translational and rotational
Impulse (J) J = FΔ t Momentum Δp = mδv Impulse and Momentum j = (F)( p = ( )(v) F)(Δ ) = ( )(Δv)
Impulse (J) We create an unbalancing force to overcome the inertia of the object. the integral of force over time The unbalancing force is made up of the force we need to unbalance the object and the time
Name: Class: Date: d. none of the above
Name: Class: Date: H Phys quiz Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following is the cause of an acceleration? a. speed b. inertia
What are two forms of Potential Energy that we commonly use? Explain Conservation of Energy and how we utilize it for problem-solving technics.
Bell Ringer: Define Kinetic Energy, Potential Energy, and Work. What are two forms of Potential Energy that we commonly use? Explain Conservation of Energy and how we utilize it for problem-solving technics.
AP Physics 1 Momentum and Impulse Practice Test Name
AP Physics 1 Momentum and Impulse Practice Test Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) A rubber ball and a lump of clay have equal
Physics 1A, Summer 2011, Summer Session 1 Quiz 3, Version A 1
Physics 1A, Summer 2011, Summer Session 1 Quiz 3, Version A 1 Closed book and closed notes. No work needs to be shown. 1. Three rocks are thrown with identical speeds from the top of the same building.
Work and Energy continued
Chapter 6 Work and Energy continued 6.2 The Work-Energy Theorem and Kinetic Energy Chapters 1 5 Motion equations were been developed, that relate the concepts of velocity, speed, displacement, time, and
LINEAR MOMENTUM AND COLLISIONS
LINEAR MOMENTUM AND COLLISIONS Chapter 9 Units of Chapter 9 Linear Momentum Momentum and Newton s Second Law Impulse Conservation of Linear Momentum Inelastic Collisions Elastic Collisions Center of Mass
Momentum Conceptual Questions. 1. Which variable has more impact on an object s motion? Its mass or its velocity?
AP Physics I Momentum Conceptual Questions 1. Which variable has more impact on an object s motion? Its mass or its velocity? 2. Is momentum a vector or a scalar? Explain. 3. How does changing the duration
Momentum and Impulse Concept Tests
Momentum and Impulse Concept Tests Question 1 Consider two carts, of masses m and 2m, at rest on an air track. If you push first one cart for 3 s and then the other for the same length of time, exerting
Momentum is a property of moving matter. Momentum describes the tendency of objects to keep going in the same direction with the same speed.
Warm-up A mosquito collides head-on with a car traveling 60 mph. How do you think the size of the force that car exerts on the mosquito compares to the size of the force that mosquito exerts on car? 12.1
This Week. 9/5/2018 Physics 214 Fall
This Week Momentum Is momentum in basketball physics? Rockets and guns How do spaceships work? Collisions of objects They get impulses! Practical Propulsion 9/5/2018 Physics 214 Fall 2018 1 Momentum What
PHYSICS FORMULAS. A. B = A x B x + A y B y + A z B z = A B cos (A,B)
PHYSICS FORMULAS A = A x i + A y j Φ = tan 1 A y A x A + B = (A x +B x )i + (A y +B y )j A. B = A x B x + A y B y + A z B z = A B cos (A,B) linear motion v = v 0 + at x - x 0 = v 0 t + ½ at 2 2a(x - x
Module 17: Systems, Conservation of Momentum and Center of Mass
Module 17: Systems, Conservation of Momentum and Center of Mass 17.1 External and Internal Forces and the Change in Momentum of a System So far we have restricted ourselves to considering how the momentum
Physics. Impulse & Momentum
Physics Impulse & Momentum Warm up - Write down everything you know about impulse and momentum. Objectives Students will learn the definitions and equations for impulse, momentum, elastic and inelastic
Mechanics. Time (s) Distance (m) Velocity (m/s) Acceleration (m/s 2 ) = + displacement/time.
Mechanics Symbols: Equations: Kinematics The Study of Motion s = distance or displacement v = final speed or velocity u = initial speed or velocity a = average acceleration s u+ v v v u v= also v= a =
3) Which of the following quantities has units of a displacement? (There could be more than one correct choice.)
FLEX Physical Sciences AP Physics 1 (Honors Physics) Final Homework Exam 1) A toy rocket is launched vertically from ground level at time t = 0 s. The rocket engine provides constant upward acceleration
3. How long must a 100 N net force act to produce a change in momentum of 200 kg m/s? (A) 0.25 s (B) 0.50 s (C) 1.0 s (D) 2.0 s (E) 4.
AP Physics Multiple Choice Practice Momentum and Impulse 1. A car of mass m, traveling at speed v, stops in time t when maximum braking force is applied. Assuming the braking force is independent of mass,
Momentum and Impulse
Momentum and Impulse Momentum All objects have mass; so if an object is moving, then it has momentum - it has its mass in motion. The amount of momentum which an object has is dependent upon two variables:
When this bumper car collides with another car, two forces are exerted. Each car in the collision exerts a force on the other.
When this bumper car collides with another car, two forces are exerted. Each car in the collision exerts a force on the other. Newton s Third Law Action and Reaction Forces The force your bumper car exerts
Academic Physics! Work and Momentum Summary! Name
Academic Physics! Work and Summary! Name 1. A child with a mass of 23kg rides a bike with a mass of 5.5 kg at a velocity of 4.5 m/s to the south. Compare the momentum of the child and the momentum of the
2. SKIP THIS YEAR What event will produce the greatest increase in the gravitational force between the two masses?
Forces Review: look over all labs and worksheets. Your answers should be in another color pen. This is not all inclusive of items on the test but a very close representation. 1. The table shows the results
Physics 211: Lecture 14. Today s Agenda
Physics 211: Lecture 14 Today s Agenda Systems of Particles Center of mass Linear Momentum Example problems Momentum Conservation Inelastic collisions in one dimension Ballistic pendulum Physics 211: Lecture
October 24. Linear Momentum: - It is a vector which may require breaking it into components
October 24 Linear Momentum: - It is a vector which may require breaking it into components Newton s First Law: A body continues with Constant Linear Momentum unless it is acted upon by a Net External Force.
RELEASED. Go to next page. 2. The graph shows the acceleration of a car over time.
1. n object is launched across a room. How can a student determine the average horizontal velocity of the object using a meter stick and a calculator? The student can calculate the object s initial potential
PH105 Exam 1 Solution
PH105 Exam 1 Solution 1. The graph in the figure shows the position of an object as a function of time. The letters A-E represent particular moments of time. At which moment shown (A, B, etc.) is the speed
Collision Theory Challenge Problems
Collision Theory Challenge Problems Problem 1 Estimate the energy loss in a completely inelastic collision between two identical cars that collide head-on traveling at highway speeds. Problem 2 You just
Lesson 4 Momentum and Energy
Lesson 4 Momentum and Energy Introduction: Connecting Your Learning The previous lessons concentrated on the forces that cause objects to change motion. Lesson 4 will introduce momentum and energy, as
Concepts in Physics. Monday, October 5th
1206 - Concepts in Physics Monday, October 5th Notes Assignment #3 has been posted Today s tutorial will have two parts first 15 min: problem solving strategies and than assignment #2 will be discussed
When this bumper car collides with another car, two forces are exerted. Each car in the collision exerts a force on the other.
When this bumper car collides with another car, two forces are exerted. Each car in the collision exerts a force on the other. Newton s Third Law What is Newton s third law of motion? According to Newton
*************************************************************************
Your Name: TEST #2 Print clearly. On the Scantron, fill out your student ID, leaving the first column empty and starting in the second column. Also write your name, class time (11:30 or 12:30), and Test
Lecture 11. Linear Momentum and Impulse. Collisions.
Lecture 11 Linear Momentum and Impulse. Collisions. Momentum and Newton s Second Law F net = m a= m Δ v Δ t = Δ (m v ) Δ t = Δ p Δ t Linear momentum p = m v Newton s second law in terms of linear momentum:
This Week. 7/29/2010 Physics 214 Fall
This Week Momentum Is momentum in basketball physics? Rockets and guns How do spaceships work? Collisions of objects They get impulses! Practical Propulsion 7/29/2010 Physics 214 Fall 2010 1 Momentum What
Study Guide For Midterm - 25 weeks Physics Exam. d. the force exerted by a towing cable on the car. c. the upward force the road exerts on the car.
Name: Class: Date: ID: A Study Guide For Midterm - 25 weeks Physics Exam Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following is the
MOMENTUM. The world is wide, and I will not waste my life in friction when it could be turned into momentum. Frances E. Willard.
MOMENTUM The world is wide, and I will not waste my life in friction when it could be turned into momentum. Frances E. Willard Honors Physics CONSERVATION OF Energy Linear Momentum Angular Momentum Electric
(A) 10 m (B) 20 m (C) 25 m (D) 30 m (E) 40 m
PSI AP Physics C Work and Energy (Algebra Based) Multiple Choice Questions (use g = 10 m/s 2 ) 1. A student throws a ball upwards from the ground level where gravitational potential energy is zero. At
MOMENTUM. The world is wide, and I will not waste my life in friction when it could be turned into momentum. Frances E. Willard.
MOMENTUM The world is wide, and I will not waste my life in friction when it could be turned into momentum. Frances E. Willard General Physics How hard would a puck have to be shot to be able to knock
Physics 231. Topic 6: Momentum and Collisions. Alex Brown October MSU Physics 231 Fall
Physics 231 Topic 6: Momentum and Collisions Alex Brown October 7 2015 MSU Physics 231 Fall 2015 1 Momentum F = m a Newton s 2nd law F = m v/ t a= v/ t F = m (v final - v inital )/ t Define p = mv p: momentum
6 th week Lectures Feb. 12. Feb
Momentum Rockets and guns 6 th week Lectures Feb. 12. Feb. 16. 2018. How do spaceships work? Collisions of objects They get impulses! Practical Propulsion 2/11/2018 Physics 214 Spring 2018 1 Announcements
PRACTICE TEST for Midterm Exam
South Pasadena AP Physics PRACTICE TEST for Midterm Exam FORMULAS Name Period Date / / d = vt d = v o t + ½ at 2 d = v o + v 2 t v = v o + at v 2 = v 2 o + 2ad v = v x 2 + v y 2 = tan 1 v y v v x = v cos
Chapter 9 Linear Momentum
Chapter 9 Linear Momentum 7 12/7 16/7 Units of Chapter 9 Momentum, Impulse and Collisions Momentum and Impulse Define momentum Force and rate of change of momentum; resultant force as rate of change of
Momentum. A ball bounces off the floor as shown. The direction of the impulse on the ball, is... straight up straight down to the right to the left
Momentum A ball bounces off the floor as shown. The direction of the impulse on the ball,, is... A: B: C: D: straight up straight down to the right to the left This is also the direction of Momentum A
Which iceboat crosses the finish line with more kinetic energy (KE)?
Two iceboats (one of mass m, one of mass 2m) hold a race on a frictionless, horizontal, frozen lake. Both iceboats start at rest, and the wind exerts the same constant force on both iceboats. Which iceboat
velocity, force and momentum are vectors, therefore direction matters!!!!!!!
1 Momentum, p is mass times velocity: p = m v vector! unit: (p) = kg m/s Newton s second law: Force = time rate of change of momentum Net force F will produce change in momentum Δp of the object on which
Broughton High School of Wake County
Name: Section: 1 Section 1: Which picture describes Newton s Laws of Motion? 5. Newton s Law 1. Newton s Law 2. Newton s Law 6. Newton s Law 3. Newton s Law 7. Newton s Law 4. Newton s Law 8. Newton s
Version PREVIEW Semester 1 Review Slade (22222) 1
Version PREVIEW Semester 1 Review Slade () 1 This print-out should have 48 questions. Multiple-choice questions may continue on the next column or page find all choices before answering. Holt SF 0Rev 10A
Part I Review Unit Review Name Momentum and Impulse
Part I Review Unit Review Name Momentum and Impulse 1. A 5.00-kilogram block slides along a horizontal, frictionless surface at 10.0 meters per second for 4.00 seconds. The magnitude of the block's momentum
LINEAR MOMENTUM. Momentum Impulse Conservation of Momentum Inelastic Collisions Elastic Collisions Momentum In 2 Dimensions Center of Mass
LINEAR MOMENTUM Momentum Impulse Conservation of Momentum Inelastic Collisions Elastic Collisions Momentum In 2 Dimensions Center of Mass MOMENTUM Quantity of Motion Product of Mass and Velocity p = mv
Ch 7, Momentum and Collisions Definition of impulse Definition of momentum Impulse-Momentum Theorem
Today Ch 7, Momentum and Collisions Definition of impulse Definition of momentum Impulse-Momentum Theorem System of particles Conservation of Momentum 1 Data : Fatality of a driver in head-on collision
4.) A baseball that weighs 1.6 N leaves a bat with a speed of 40.0 m/s. Calculate the kinetic energy of the ball. 130 J
AP Physics-B Energy And Its Conservation Introduction: Energy is a term that most of us take for granted and use quite freely. We assume we know what we are talking about when speaking of energy. In truth,
Chapter 9 Impulse and Momentum
Chapter 9 Impulse and Momentum Chapter Goal: To understand and apply the new concepts of impulse and momentum. Slide 9-2 Chapter 9 Preview Slide 9-3 Chapter 9 Preview Slide 9-4 Chapter 9 Preview Slide
Momentum and Impulse
Momentum and Impulse How can we describe the change in velocities of colliding football players, or balls colliding with bats? How does a strong force applied for a very short time affect the motion? Can
Physics 100. Today. Finish Chapter 5: Newton s 3 rd Law. Chapter 6: Momentum
Physics 100 Today Finish Chapter 5: Newton s 3 rd Law Chapter 6: Momentum Momentum = inertia in motion Specifically, momentum = mass x velocity = m v Eg. Just as a truck and a roller skate have different
Chapter 7 Lecture. Pearson Physics. Linear Momentum and Collisions. Prepared by Chris Chiaverina Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 7 Lecture Pearson Physics Linear Momentum and Collisions Prepared by Chris Chiaverina Chapter Contents Momentum Impulse Conservation of Momentum Collisions Momentum How can the effect of catching
Test Booklet. Subject: SC, Grade: HS 2008 Grade High School Physics. Student name:
Test ooklet Subject: S, Grade: HS 2008 Grade High School Physics Student name: uthor: North arolina istrict: North arolina Released Tests Printed: Monday July 09, 2012 1 n object is launched across a room.
Conservation of Momentum
Conservation of Momentum Law of Conservation of Momentum The sum of the momenta before a collision equal the sum of the momenta after the collision in an isolated system (=no external forces acting).
Name: Class: Date: p 1 = p 2. Given m = 0.15 kg v i = 5.0 m/s v f = 3.0 m/s Solution
Assessment Chapter Test A Teacher Notes and Answers Momentum and Collisions CHAPTER TEST A (GENERAL) 1. c 2. c 3. b 4. c 5. a p i = 4.0 kg m/s p f = 4.0 kg m/s p = p f p i = ( 4.0 kg m/s) 4.0 kg m/s =
AP PHYSICS C Momentum Name: AP Review
AP PHYSICS C Momentum Name: AP Review Momentum How hard it is to stop a moving object. Related to both mass and velocity. For one particle p = mv For a system of multiple particles P = p i = m ivi Units:
p p I p p p I p I p p
Net momentum conservation for collision on frictionless horizontal surface v1i v2i Before collision m1 F on m1 from m2 During collision for t v1f m2 F on m2 from m1 v2f +x direction After collision F F
An Introduction. Work
Work and Energy An Introduction Work Work tells us how much a force or combination of forces changes the energy of a system. Work is the bridge between force (a vector) and energy (a scalar). W = F Dr
Today s lecture. WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY Physics
Today s lecture Review of chapters 1-14 Note: I m taking for granted that you ll still know SI/cgs units, order-of-magnitude estimates, etc., so I m focusing on problems. Velocity and acceleration (1d)
PHYSICS. Chapter 11 Lecture FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS A STRATEGIC APPROACH 4/E RANDALL D. KNIGHT Pearson Education, Inc.
PHYSICS FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS A STRATEGIC APPROACH 4/E Chapter 11 Lecture RANDALL D. KNIGHT Chapter 11 Impulse and Momentum IN THIS CHAPTER, you will learn to use the concepts of impulse and momentum.