Fatigue life. prediction of composites. and composite. structures. Vassilopoulos WOQDHEAD PUBLISHING LIMITED. Anastasios P. Cambridge New Delhi

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1 Fatigue life prediction of composites and composite structures Anastasios P. Edited by Vassilopoulos CRC Press Boca Raton Boston New York Washington, DC WOQDHEAD PUBLISHING LIMITED Oxford Cambridge New Delhi

2 past Contributor contact details xi Preface xv 1 Introduction to the fatigue life prediction of composite materials and structures: past, present and future prospects 1 A. P. Vassilopoulos, Ecole Polytechnique Federate de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland 1.1 Introduction Experimental characterization of composite materials Fatigue life prediction of composite materials and structures - and present Conclusions and future trends References 38 Part I Fatigue life modelling 2 Phenomenological fatigue analysis and life modelling 47 R. P. L. Nussen, Knowledge Centre Wind Turbine Materials and Constructions, The Netherlands 2.1 Introduction Fatigue experiments Measurements and sensors Test frequency Specimens S-N diagrams S-N formulations Future trends References 76

3 vi 3 Residual strength fatigue theories for composite materials 79 N. L. Post, J. J. Lesko and S. W. Case, Virginia Tech, USA 3.1 Introduction Major residual strength models from the literature Fitting of experimental data Prediction results Conclusions and future trends References 99 4 Fatigue damage modelling of composite materials with the phenomenological residual stiffness approach 102 W. Van Paepegem, Ghent University, Belgium 4.1 Introduction What are phenomenological residual stiffness models? Literature review of some representative residual stiffness models Numerical implementation of residual stiffness models Variable amplitude loading Degradation of other elastic properties Future trends and challenges Sources of further information and advice References Novel computational methods for fatigue life modeling of composite materials 139 A. P. Vassilopoulos, Ecole Polytechnique F6derale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland and E. F. Georgopoulos, Technological Educational Institute of Kalamata, Greece 5.1 Introduction Theoretical background Modeling examples Experimental data description Application of the methods Comparison to conventional methods of fatigue life modeling Conclusions and future trends References 171

4 vii Part II Fatigue life prediction 6 Fatigue life prediction of composite materials under constant amplitude loading 177 M. Kawai, University of Tsukuba, Japan 6.1 Introduction Constant fatigue life (CFL) diagram approach Linear constant fatigue life (CFL) diagrams Nonlinear constant fatigue life (CFL) diagrams Prediction of constant fatigue life (CFL) diagrams and S-N curves Extended anisomorphic constant fatigue life (CFL) diagram Conclusions Future trends Sources of further information and advice Acknowledgments References Probabilistic fatigue life prediction of composite materials 220 Y. Liu, Clarkson University, USA and S. Mahadevan, Vanderbilt University, USA 7.1 Introduction Fatigue damage accumulation Uncertainty modeling Methods for probabilistic fatigue life prediction Demonstration examples Conclusion References Fatigue life prediction of composite materials based on progressive damage modeling 249 M. M. Shokrieh and F. Taheri-Behrooz, Iran University of Science and Technology, Iran 8.1 Introduction Progressive damage modeling under static loading Progressive fatigue damage modeling Problem statement and solution strategy Gradual material property degradation Framework of progressive fatigue damage modeling of cross-ply laminates Required experiments 266

5 discussion viii 8.8 Specimen fabrication Experimental set-up and testing procedures Longitudinal tensile tests Transverse tensile tests In-plane static shear tests Experimental evaluation of the model Conclusion References Fatigue life prediction of composite materials under realistic loading conditions (variable amplitude loading) 293 A. P. Vassilopoulos, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Switzerland and R. P. L. Nussen, Knowledge Centre Wind Turbine Materials and Constructions, The Netherlands 9.1 Introduction Theoretical background 1: classic fatigue life prediction methodology Theoretical background 2: strength degradation models Experimental data Life prediction examples Conclusion and future trends References Fatigue of fiber reinforced composites under multiaxial loading 334 M. Quaresimin, University of Padova, Italy and R, Talreja, Texas A&M University, USA 10.1 Introduction Fatigue behavior of short fiber composites under multiaxial loading Fatigue behavior of continuous fiber composites under multiaxial loading Conclusions Acknowledgments References List of symbols A progressive damage mechanics algorithm for life prediction of composite materials under cyclic complex stress 390 T. P. Philippidis and E. N. Eliopoulos, University of Patras, Greece 11.1 Introduction Constitutive laws 393

6 ix 11.3 Failure onset conditions Strength degradation due to cyclic loading Constant life diagrams and S-N curves FAtigue DAmage Simulator (FADAS) Conclusions Acknowledgements References 434 Part III Applications 12 Fatigue life prediction of bonded joints in composite structures 439 T. Keller, Ecole Polytechnique Fe^lerale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland 12.1 Introduction Fatigue behavior of adhesively-bonded double-lap joints Stiffness-based modeling of fatigue life Fracture mechanics-based modeling of fatigue life Structural joints: bridge deck-to-girder connections Conclusions and future trends References Health monitoring of composite structures based on acoustic emission measurements 466 T. T. Assimakopoulou and T. P. Philippidis, University of Patras, Greece 13.1 Introduction Acoustic emission (AE) monitoring of composite structures Materials and specimens Material characterization Residual strength degradation Acoustic emission (AE) schemes Failure modes: discussion Conclusions Acknowledgements References Fatigue life prediction of wind turbine rotor blades manufactured from composites 505 M. M. Shokrieh and R. Rafiee, Iran University of Science and Technology, Iran 14.1 Introduction 505

7 x 14.2 Framework of the developed modeling technique Loading Static analysis Fatigue damage criterion Stochastic characterization of the wind flow Stochastic implementation on fatigue modeling Summary and conclusion References 535 Index 538