1) H-mode in Helical Devices. 2) Construction status and scientific objectives of the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator

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1 Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik 1) H-mode in Helical Devices M. Hirsch 1, T. Akiyama 2, T.Estrada 3, T. Mizuuchi 4, K. Toi 2, C. Hidalgo 3 1 Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM-Ass., D Greifswald, Germany 2 National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki , Japan 3 Asociación EURATOM/CIEMAT, Av. Complutense 22, 28040, Madrid, Spain 4 Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Japan activity based on the regular Coordinated Working Group Meetings for Stellarator/Heliotron Studies IAEA FEC 2010 in Daejon, EXC/2-5Ra 2) Construction status and scientific objectives of the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator on behalf of H.-S. Bosch and the Wendelstein 7-X Team, EXC/2-5Rb 1

2 M. Hirsch, IAEA-FEC Oct. 2010, Daejon, Korea 2 H-mode in helical devices 1. the classical H-mode and ELMs occur in 3D helical devices with a phenomenology similar to tokamaks indicating generic plasma edge physics particular elements for 3D devices are 2. strong impact of the magnetic topology at the plasma edge on H-mode operational range and ELMs 3. mean flow shear (E r <0) is predefined already before the transition from the ambipolarity condition of the neoclassical convective fluxes => both elements may constitute preconditions for the spin-up of poloidal flows and the associated suppression of turbulent transport.

3 M. Hirsch, IAEA-FEC Oct. 2010, Daejon, Korea 3 1. LH transitions obtained in all helical devices if operated at relevant parameters H-alpha traces 50 ms TJ-II LHD Heliotron-J time (s) 1.20 time (s) W7-AS Heliotron-J CHS CHS time (s) time (s) time (s)

4 the classical LH-transition 200 ms W7-AS... close to H-mode observations in Tokamaks The quiescent H-mode (H*) is marked by sudden suppression of turbulence... order of magnitude in <100μs ΔW/W < 1.65 example from Hirsch et al PPCF energy / radiation ΔW/W < grad(ne) particular for W7-AS Edge gradients in n e immediately and ( T i, T e ) increase a=14 cm grad(te) grad(ti) a strongly sheared negative E r occurs reff=12.2 cm =13.8 cm grad(er) -> confirms generic character of underlying edge physics edge fluct. M. Hirsch, IAEA-FEC Oct. 2010, Daejon, Korea 4

5 M. Hirsch, FEC 5 2. influence of magnetic configuration: high reversed shear LHD R ax =3.6m, inward shifted R ax =3.9m, outward shifted iota=1 Toi et al. 2010, FST H-mode with grassy ELMs quiescent H-mode density energy H-alpha density Toi et al. this conference post deadline paper mag. fluct. (and CHS) power threshold exceeds ITER scaling by factor 1-3 (CHS: factor 2, -> reminiscence to limiter H-mode in Tokamaks ) -> relevance of iota=1 surface!?

6 M. Hirsch, IAEA-FEC Oct. 2010, Daejon, Korea 6 influence of magnetic configuration: low shear TJ-II variation of edge rotational transform ι(a)/2π Estrada et al. 2010, Contrib. Plasma Phys W7-AS Hirsch et al PPCF no H* no H* no H* no H* Heliotron J Sano_2005_Nucl. Fus. W7-AS: also ELM phenomenology and their load to targets -> option for ELM mitigation by the externally defined magnetic configuration

7 M. Hirsch, IAEA-FEC Oct. 2010, Daejon, Korea 7 influence of magnetic configuration: low shear TJ-II explanation could be that driving and damping terms for flows depend on magnetic configuration: -> radial location of rationals island separatrix (Heliotron J, W7-AS): -> x-point to target distance thus space potenial conditions -> poloidal viscous damping discussion -> EXC/2-5Ra Heliotron J H-mode window at iota(a)=0.56

8 M. Hirsch, IAEA-FEC Oct. 2010, Daejon, Korea 8 low shear: operational range transitions to H* occur at low to moderate heating power as density increases operational range and ELM activity for 5/9 island divertor configuration W7-AS existence diagram Hirsch et al PPCF density limit (Sudo limit) determined by (edge) power balance Giannone_2003_PPCF W7-AS: H-mode signatures (ELMs, short H* phases <10ms) already early in discharge

9 M. Hirsch, IAEA-FEC Oct. 2010, Daejon, Korea 9 operational range W7-AS and comparison with tokamak power threshold operational range and ELM activity for 5/9 island divertor configuration existence diagram W7-AS Hirsch et al PPCF ITER physics basis 2007: P thr = n B S density limit (Sudo limit) determined by (edge) power balance Giannone_2003_PPCF -> H* obtained with power significantly below tokamak H-mode threshold = easy spin-up to high rotation state?

10 M. Hirsch, IAEA-FEC Oct. 2010, Daejon, Korea 3. the mean ExB flow shear is predefined by neoclassical fluxes Estrada et al PPCF TJ-II Doppler Reflectometry L H W7-AS CHS -> mean ExB flow predefined by ambipolarity of neocassical fluxes (mostly stable on ion-root conditons with E r <0 realized) -> in the H-mode the well of negative E r deepens

11 sustained spin-up of mean poloidal ExB flow after the transition W7-AS development of ExB rotation: -> before H-mode: E r is close to neoclassical ion-root predictions (-> already moderate to large negative E r ). Baldzuhn, Hirsch et al -> after the L H transition: value of E r increases by a factor of up to 2 more than expected from the increase in p i /(e n) alone also TJ-II Estrada et al 2009 PPCF -> Thus in the radial force balance of the bulk ions, E r = p i /(e n) B θ v (+ B φ v θ ) moderate diamagnetic term strong enduring poloidal vxb rotation M. Hirsch, IAEA-FEC Oct. 2010, Daejon, Korea toroidal vxb rotation negligible <-> to many Tokamak observaions E r / (V/cm) time / s gra(p i )/(n*e) E r relevant layer=(a- 2cm) 11

12 M. Hirsch, IAEA-FEC Oct. 2010, Daejon, Korea 12 dynamic sheared flows and turbulence TJ-II Doppler Reflectometry, time intervals, about 20 ms, resolution 4 µs / 13 µs Estrada et al 2009 PPCF W7-AS L H during H Hirsch et al 2006 PPCF Δr = 1 cm v ExB E r n ~ 1 ms log( n ~ ) E r ( 1 10 khz) -> correlated oscillations of v and n ~ in H- and L-mode branch ExB see poster Estrada et al EXC/P3-01 -> dynamic sheared flow oscillations start right at L-H transition

13 M. Hirsch, IAEA-FEC Oct. 2010, Daejon, Korea 13 summary: H-mode in helical devices results: -> H-mode is generic but dependency on the 3D magnetic configuration is obvious. -> mean ExB flows are predefined by the ambipolarity condition of the neoclassical fluxes. -> shear flow investigations in W7-AS and TJ-II support current paradigma: The classical H-mode is a fast bifurcation of turbulent edge transport based on the decorrelation of turbulent eddies and the associated spin up of by dynamic sheared (zonal) flows on top of (and possibly biased by) the equilibrium mean shear flow conditions. hypothesis of a configuration biased H-mode : -> In helical devices the spin-up of flows to a high-rotation state may be biased (or damped) by the specific flow conditions in the 3D magnetic configuration remark: -> The guidelines of quasi-symmetry and drift optimization - such as the minimization of the geodesic crvature are expected to influence the system of flows interacting with turbulence also possible hints (easy access to H-mode in W7-AS for certain configurations and the high continued vxb rotation in the H-mode of W7-AS and TJ-II as indications?)

14 14 Unternehmung Wendelstein 7-X Construction status and scientific objectives of the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator on behalf of H.-S. Bosch and the Wendelstein 7-X Team, EXC/2-5Rb Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM-Ass., D Greifswald, Germany

15 Wendelstein 7-X R= 5.5m, a= 0.5 m V plasma = 33 m 3 fully optimized stellarator: -> drift optimization for thermal and fast ions and stiff equilibrium by -> reduced Shafranov shift (reduced Pfirsch- Schlüter currents) and -> minimization of the bootstrap current realized simultaneously by the concept of isodynamicity (minimization of geodesic curvature of fieldlines) + low magnetic shear and island divertor cw-operation by superconducting coils, cw-heating, fully cooled in vessel and divertor components, cw-diagnostics and CoDaC => HELIAS concept B mod on flux surface outer diameter: 16 m S Bosch, Status and Plans for W7-X, EXC/2-5Rb 15

16 S Bosch, Status and Plans for W7-X, EXC/2-5Rb 16 Unternehmung Wendelstein 7-X strategy for first operation -> comissioning: vacuum, cool-down, magnetic field + field line tracing, plasma startup -> 1 st operation phase with inertially cooled divertor (identical geometry but more robust), only some in-vessel components cooled thus 10s 8MW or max. 7 MW NBI (H, 55 kev) -> shut-down (15 months): install HHF divertor, cryopumps, completion cooling and diagnostics -> 2 nd operation phase with steady state divertor, extended heating and diagnostics systems to approach 10MW ECRH + 10s NBI pulses

17 Unternehmung Wendelstein 7-X preparation of steady-state operation launcher for 3 beams 10 MW cw ECRH (140 GHz corresponding 2.5 T) MW MW für 1800s Gyrotron +25 m transmission line min. all wall elements stationary cooled, divertor for 10 MW/m 2 microwave stray radiation tests at MISTRAL 1 MW cw gyrotron S Bosch, Status and Plans for W7-X, EXC/2-5Rb 17

18 S Bosch, Status and Plans for W7-X, EXC/2-5Rb 18 Unternehmung Wendelstein 7-X physics preparation of 1 st operation phase inertially cooled divertor, partial cooling of in-vessel components -> 10s 8MW tolerable, max. 10MW NBI (D,60keV) 1) verify the stellarator optimization : -> reduced 1/ν transport in a 4 MW X2 discharge scenario -> confinement scaling -> minimization of bootstrap current -> minimization of Shafranov shift -> but β too low to prove specified MHD stability limits at 5% and improved fast particle confinement 2) develop an integrated high-density scenario as baseline for high-power steady-state operation in the 2 nd operation phase: configuration control, acceptable low impurity confinement, divertor compatible edge conditions -> X2 heating and current drive up to the cut-off ( m -3 ), -> O2 heating to high density < m -3 -> impurity control and high density dischages with NBI (High Density Hmode?) -> tolerable divertor load (symmetry )

19 Unternehmung Wendelstein 7-X assembly status -> 3 of 5 modules at machine base on final location -> at the 2 other moduls all coils assembled, cryo piping is conducted -> port assembly started (50 fixed) -> assembly to be finished in summer 2014 (~1/2 year buffers included) Thank you! H-mode in helical devices: -> poster EXC/2-5Ra W7-X status and plans : -> poster EXC/2-5Rb 19

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