Thermodynamics Lecture Series
|
|
- Garey Harmon
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Thermodynamics ecture Series Reference: Chap 0 Halliday & Resnick Fundamental of Physics 6 th edition Kinetic Theory of Gases Microscopic Thermodynamics Applied Sciences Education Research Group (ASERG) Faculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA drjjlanita@hotmail.com
2 Review Steam Power Plant Working fluid: Water High T Res., T H Furnace q in q H Boiler ω in Pump Turbine ω out Condenser q in -q out ω out - ω in q out q ow T Res., T Water from river q in -q out ω net,out A Schematic diagram for a Steam Power Plant Copyright DRJJ, FSG, UiTM
3 Review - Steam Power Plant Working fluid: Water High T Res., T H Furnace q in q H Purpose: Produce work, W out, ω out Steam Power Plant ω net,out q out q ow T Res., T Water from river An Energy-Flow diagram for a SPP Copyright DRJJ, FSG, UiTM 3
4 Review - Steam Power Plant Thermal Efficiency for steam power plants η desired output η required input ω η net q rev in,out 1 q q T T in H q in out ω 1 net q q in q,out out in 1 For real engines, need to find q and q H. Copyright DRJJ, FSG, UiTM 4 q q H
5 Review - Entropy Balance Entropy Balance Steady-flow device Heat echanger Case 1 blue border Case red border 1 Cold water Inlet 3, Hot water inlet Q in Out 4 Copyright DRJJ, FSG, UiTM 5
6 Review - Entropy Balance Entropy Balance Steady-flow device 3 Heat echanger: energy balance; m m1 where 3 m 4 m Q in 1 Assume ke mass 0, pe mass 0 Case 1 Q in Q out + in W out W 4 ( mϑ ) eit ( mϑ ) inlet, kw 0 m 4 h4 m 3 h3 + m h m1 h1, m 4 h 4 h 3 m h1 h, ( ) ( ) kw kw Copyright DRJJ, FSG, UiTM 6
7 Review - Entropy Balance Entropy Balance Steady-flow device 3 Heat echanger: energy balance; where m 4 m 3 m m1 Assume ke mass 0, pe mass 0 m 4 h 4 h 3 m h1 h Q in Q out m θ m 1 θ 1 Q in 0 m h h1, Case 1 ( ) ( ), kw Case ( ) kw 1 kw Copyright DRJJ, FSG, UiTM 7, 4 Q in
8 Review - Entropy Balance Entropy Balance Steady-flow device Heat echanger: Entropy Balance where Case 1 m m m 4 m S gen m 4 s4 m 3 s3 + m s m1 s1, S m ( s s ) m ( s s ) gen , kw Copyright DRJJ, FSG, UiTM kw K Q in K
9 Review - Entropy Balance Entropy Balance Steady-flow device Heat echanger: Entropy Balance where Case m m m 4 m 3 1 Q Q out in S gen + m s m1 s1, Tout Tin Q in S gen 0 + m ( s s 1 ) T in 1 kw Copyright DRJJ, FSG, UiTM 9, K kw K 3 4 Q in
10 Introduction - Objectives Objectives: 1. State terminologies and their relations among each other for ideal gases.. Write the ideal gas equation in terms of the universal gas constant and in terms the Boltzmann constant. 3. Derive and obtain the relationship between pressure and root mean square speed of molecules. 4. Obtain the relationship of rms speed and gas temperature
11 Microscopic Variables Classical Thermodynamics Properties are macroscopic measurables: P,V,T,U No inclusion of atomic behaviour Did not discuss about the origin of P,T or eplain V. T 30 C P 4.46 kpa H O: Sat. liquid Copyright DRJJ, FSG, UiTM 11
12 Microscopic Variables-Molecular Approach Kinetic Theory of Gases Pressure eerted by gas related to molecules colliding with walls T and U related to kinetic energies of molecules V filled by gas relate to freedom of motion of molecules. Must look at same number of molecules when measure size of samples High density Copyright DRJJ, FSG, UiTM 1
13 Microscopic Variables-Molecular Approach Kinetic Theory of Gases: Sizes Mole: the number of atoms contained in 1 g sample of carbon-1 Avogadro s number: N A atoms/mol Number of moles is n is the ratio of number of molecules with respect to N A n High density N N Copyright DRJJ, FSG, UiTM 13 A
14 Microscopic Variables-Molecular Approach Kinetic Theory of Gases: Sizes Number of moles is n is the ratio of sample mass to the molar mass, M or molecular mass m N M sample n N M A M sample mn Where the molar mass is related to the molecular mass by Avogadro number High density Copyright DRJJ, FSG, UiTM 14 A M mn A
15 Ideal Gases ow density (mass in 1 m 3 ) gases. Molecules are further apart High density Real gases satisfying condition P gas << P crit ; T gas >> T crit, have low density and can be treated as ideal gases ow density Molecules far apart Copyright DRJJ, FSG, UiTM 15
16 Ideal Gases Equation Equation of State -P-ν-T behaviour PνRTRT (energy contained by 1 kg mass) where ν is the specific volume in m 3 /kg, R is gas constant, kj/kg K, T is absolute temp in Kelvin. High density ow density Molecules far apart Copyright DRJJ, FSG, UiTM 16
17 Ideal Gases Equation Equation of State -P-ν-T behaviour PνRT, since ν V/M sam then, P(V/ M sam )RT. So, PVM sam RT, in kpa m 3 kj. Total energy of a system. High density ow density Copyright DRJJ, FSG, UiTM 17
18 Ideal Gases Equation Equation of State -P-ν-T behaviour PV M sam RT nmrtn(mr)t But R u MR. Hence, can also write PV nr u T where n is no of kilomoles, kmol, M is molar mass in kg/kmole, R is a gas constant and R u is universal gas constant; R u MR kj/kmol kmol K High density ow density Copyright DRJJ, FSG, UiTM 18
19 Ideal Gases Equation Equation of State -P-ν-T behaviour PV nr u T nkn A T(N/N A )(kn A )T. Hence, can also write PV nkt where n is no of kilomoles, kmol, N is no of molecules, k is Boltzmann constant; nr u Nk. R u kj/kmol kmol K k R u / N A J/K High density ow density Copyright DRJJ, FSG, UiTM 19
20 Pressure, Temperature and Root Mean Square Speed How is the pressure P that an ideal gas of n moles confined to a cubical bo of volume V and held at temperature T, related to the speeds of the molecules?? z m y v r Normal To wall Copyright DRJJ, FSG, UiTM 0 Before collision
21 Pressure, Temperature and Root Mean Square Speed Assume elastic collision, then after collide with right wall, only component of velocity will change. Then momentum change is: p p f p mv mv mv i z m y v r Normal To wall Copyright DRJJ, FSG, UiTM 1 After collision
22 Pressure, Temperature and Root Mean Square Speed So momentum change received by the wall is: p + t mv The time to hit the right wall again is v z m y v r Normal To wall Copyright DRJJ, FSG, UiTM After collision
23 Pressure, Temperature and Root Mean Square Speed So average rate of momentum transfer received by the wall due to 1 molecule is: p t p t + mv / v mv F z m y v r Normal To wall Copyright DRJJ, FSG, UiTM 3 After collision
24 Pressure, Temperature and Root Mean Square Speed So average rate of momentum transfer received by the wall due to N molecules is: N m y v r 1 z Copyright DRJJ, FSG, UiTM 4
25 Pressure, Temperature and Root Mean Square Speed The total force along is the sum due to collision by all N molecules with different speeds. The pressure on the wall is the force eerted for each unit area and is then: P F mv 1 / + mv / m P + ( ) v + v + v N mv N / Copyright DRJJ, FSG, UiTM 5
26 Pressure, Temperature and Root Mean Square Speed The total force along is the sum due to collision by all N molecules with different speeds. The pressure on the wall is then: m P + ( ) v + v + v N But there are N velocities representing N molecules and so we can represent the different speeds by an average speed. Note also that n N/N A. So, N nn A. Then the pressure on the wall is: Copyright DRJJ, FSG, UiTM 6
27 Pressure, Temperature and Root Mean Square Speed But there are N velocities representing N molecules and so we can represent the different speeds by and average speed. Note also that n N/N A. So, N nn A. Then the pressure on the wall is: But mn mnn ( ) A is the molar mass, A M of the gas mass of 1 mol P v 3 avg and 3 is the volume of the bo. So, P nm V ( ) v avg Copyright DRJJ, FSG, UiTM 7
28 Pressure, Temperature and Root Mean Square Speed Then the pressure is: P P mnn nm V A 3 ( ) v avg ( ) v avg But mn A is the molar mass, M of the gas mass of 1 mol and 3 is the volume of the bo. So, In the 3D bo each molecule has speed along,y and z direction. v v + v y + v z Copyright DRJJ, FSG, UiTM 8
29 Pressure, Temperature and Root Mean Square Speed Since there are many molecules in the bo each moving with different velocities and in random directions, the average square of velocity components are equal. y v v v z Then, v v + v + v Hence v v 3 Finally, P nm 3V ( v ) avg Copyright DRJJ, FSG, UiTM 9
30 Pressure, Temperature and Root Mean Square Speed The square root of the average of the square of the velocity is called root-mean mean-square speed of the molecules. It means square each speed, find the mean, then take its square root. v rms v ( ) avg Hence, the pressure is: So, ( ) avg So, v rms v P nmv 3V rms Copyright DRJJ, FSG, UiTM 30
31 Pressure, Temperature and Root Mean Square Speed The square root of the average of the square of the velocity is called root-mean mean-square speed of the molecules. It means square each speed, find the mean, then take its square root. v rms v ( ) avg Hence, the pressure is: P nmv 3V rms So, ( ) avg So, v rms v The rms speed can be determined If P,T is known. Using PVnR u T nr T u nmv 3 Copyright DRJJ, FSG, UiTM 31 rms
32 Pressure, Temperature and Root Mean Square Speed Since the square of the root mean square of the velocity is: v rms 3R u M T The root mean square is then: v rms 3RuT M Copyright DRJJ, FSG, UiTM 3
33 Pressure, Temperature and Root Mean Square Speed Gas (Values taken at T300K) Hydrogen (H ) Helium (He) Water vapor (H O) Nitrogen (N ) Oygen(O ) Carbon dioide (CO ) Sulphur Dioide (SO ) Molar mass, M (10-3 kg/kmol) ν rms, (m/s) Copyright DRJJ, FSG, UiTM 33
34 Temperature-Translational kinetic Energy Consider a molecule in the bo which are colliding with other molecules and changes speed after collision. It moves with translational kinetic energy at any instant KE mv But the average translational kinetic energy is over a period of time is: mv m KE avg avg avg m ( ) v v rms Copyright DRJJ, FSG, UiTM 34
35 Temperature-Translational kinetic Energy Substitute the rms speed in terms of T, then: KE avg m3r u M T m/ 3RuT mn / A 3R Copyright DRJJ, FSG, UiTM 35 u N Note that the molar mass MmN A. Note also that R u kn A. Hence the average translational kinetic energy is: Regardless of mass, all ideal 3RuT 3 KE avg kt gas molecules at temperature N A T have the same avg. translational KE. T A
Chapter 15 Thermal Properties of Matter
Chapter 15 Thermal Properties of Matter To understand the mole and Avogadro's number. To understand equations of state. To study the kinetic theory of ideal gas. To understand heat capacity. To learn and
More informationLecture 24. Ideal Gas Law and Kinetic Theory
Lecture 4 Ideal Gas Law and Kinetic Theory Today s Topics: Ideal Gas Law Kinetic Theory of Gases Phase equilibria and phase diagrams Ideal Gas Law An ideal gas is an idealized model for real gases that
More informationLecture 24. Ideal Gas Law and Kinetic Theory
Lecture 4 Ideal Gas Law and Kinetic Theory Today s Topics: Ideal Gas Law Kinetic Theory of Gases Phase equilibria and phase diagrams Ideal Gas Law An ideal gas is an idealized model for real gases that
More informationRevision Guide for Chapter 13
Matter: very simple Revision Guide for Chapter Contents Student s Checklist Revision Notes Ideal gas... Ideal gas laws... Assumptions of kinetic theory of gases... 5 Internal energy... 6 Specific thermal
More informationCh. 19: The Kinetic Theory of Gases
Ch. 19: The Kinetic Theory of Gases In this chapter we consider the physics of gases. If the atoms or molecules that make up a gas collide with the walls of their container, they exert a pressure p on
More informationThermodynamics Lecture Series
Termodynamics Lecture Series Ideal Ranke Cycle Te Practical Cycle Applied Sciences Education Researc Group (ASERG) Faculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA email: drjjlanita@otmail.com ttp://www5.uitm.edu.my/faculties/fsg/drjj1.tml
More informationTemperature, Thermal Expansion and the Gas Laws
Temperature, Thermal Expansion and the Gas Laws z x Physics 053 Lecture Notes Temperature,Thermal Expansion and the Gas Laws Temperature and Thermometers Thermal Equilibrium Thermal Expansion The Ideal
More informationChapter 13: Temperature, Kinetic Theory and Gas Laws
Chapter 1: Temperature, Kinetic Theory and Gas Laws Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics (law of equilibrium): If objects A and B are separately in thermal equilibrium with a third object C, then A and B are in
More informationLecture 25 Thermodynamics, Heat and Temp (cont.)
Lecture 25 Thermodynamics, Heat and Temp (cont.) Heat and temperature Gases & Kinetic theory http://candidchatter.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/hell.jpg Specific Heat Specific Heat: heat capacity per unit
More informationPhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 1 2 (*) (1)
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 1 1. (a) pressure (*) Pa or N m volume m (*) (*) (not allow kpa) number of moles mol (or none) molar gas constant J K 1 mol 1 (mol 1 implies molar) temperature K 4 (b) (i) W(=
More informationThermal Properties of Matter (Microscopic models)
Chapter 18 Thermal Properties of Matter (Microscopic models) PowerPoint Lectures for University Physics, Twelfth Edition Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedman Lectures by James Pazun Modified by P. Lam 6_18_2012
More informationChapter 17 Temperature & Kinetic Theory of Gases 1. Thermal Equilibrium and Temperature
Chapter 17 Temperature & Kinetic Theory of Gases 1. Thermal Equilibrium and Temperature Any physical property that changes with temperature is called a thermometric property and can be used to measure
More informationChapter 14. The Ideal Gas Law and Kinetic Theory
Chapter 14 The Ideal Gas Law and Kinetic Theory 14.1 Molecular Mass, the Mole, and Avogadro s Number To facilitate comparison of the mass of one atom with another, a mass scale know as the atomic mass
More informationChapter 10: Thermal Physics
Chapter 10: hermal Physics hermal physics is the study of emperature, Heat, and how these affect matter. hermal equilibrium eists when two objects in thermal contact with each other cease to echange energy.
More informationPhysics 1501 Lecture 35
Physics 1501: Lecture 35 Todays Agenda Announcements Homework #11 (Dec. 2) and #12 (Dec. 9): 2 lowest dropped Honors students: see me after the class! Todays topics Chap.16: Temperature and Heat» Latent
More informationThermodynamics Lecture Series
Thermodynamics Lecture Series Second Law uality of Energy Applied Sciences Education Research Group (ASERG) Faculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA email: drjjlanita@hotmail.com http://www.uitm.edu.my/faculties/fsg/drjj.html
More informationChapter 14. The Ideal Gas Law and Kinetic Theory
Chapter 14 The Ideal Gas Law and Kinetic Theory 14.1 Molecular Mass, the Mole, and Avogadro s Number To facilitate comparison of the mass of one atom with another, a mass scale know as the atomic mass
More informationLecture 3. The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
Lecture 3. The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases THE IDEAL GAS LAW: A purely empirical law solely the consequence of experimental observations Explains the behavior of gases over a limited range of conditions
More informationRate of Heating and Cooling
Rate of Heating and Cooling 35 T [ o C] Example: Heating and cooling of Water E 30 Cooling S 25 Heating exponential decay 20 0 100 200 300 400 t [sec] Newton s Law of Cooling T S > T E : System S cools
More informationChapter 18 Thermal Properties of Matter
Chapter 18 Thermal Properties of Matter In this section we define the thermodynamic state variables and their relationship to each other, called the equation of state. The system of interest (most of the
More informationε tran ε tran = nrt = 2 3 N ε tran = 2 3 nn A ε tran nn A nr ε tran = 2 N A i.e. T = R ε tran = 2
F1 (a) Since the ideal gas equation of state is PV = nrt, we can equate the right-hand sides of both these equations (i.e. with PV = 2 3 N ε tran )and write: nrt = 2 3 N ε tran = 2 3 nn A ε tran i.e. T
More informationUnderstanding KMT using Gas Properties and States of Matter
Understanding KMT using Gas Properties and States of Matter Learning Goals: Students will be able to describe matter in terms of particle motion. The description should include Diagrams to support the
More informationPhysics 2 week 7. Chapter 3 The Kinetic Theory of Gases
Physics week 7 Chapter 3 The Kinetic Theory of Gases 3.1. Ideal Gases 3.1.1. Experimental Laws and the Equation of State 3.1.. Molecular Model of an Ideal Gas 3.. Mean Free Path 3.3. The Boltzmann Distribution
More informationHomework: 13, 14, 18, 20, 24 (p )
Homework: 13, 14, 18, 0, 4 (p. 531-53) 13. A sample of an ideal gas is taken through the cyclic process abca shown in the figure below; at point a, T=00 K. (a) How many moles of gas are in the sample?
More informationChapter 5. Mass and Energy Analysis of Control Volumes
Chapter 5 Mass and Energy Analysis of Control Volumes Conservation Principles for Control volumes The conservation of mass and the conservation of energy principles for open systems (or control volumes)
More informationGases! n Properties! n Kinetic Molecular Theory! n Variables! n The Atmosphere! n Gas Laws!
Gases n Properties n Kinetic Molecular Theory n Variables n The Atmosphere n Gas Laws Properties of a Gas n No definite shape or volume n Gases expand to fill any container n Thus they take the shape of
More informationSpeed Distribution at CONSTANT Temperature is given by the Maxwell Boltzmann Speed Distribution
Temperature ~ Average KE of each particle Particles have different speeds Gas Particles are in constant RANDOM motion Average KE of each particle is: 3/2 kt Pressure is due to momentum transfer Speed Distribution
More information18.13 Review & Summary
5/2/10 10:04 PM Print this page 18.13 Review & Summary Temperature; Thermometers Temperature is an SI base quantity related to our sense of hot and cold. It is measured with a thermometer, which contains
More informationKinetic Theory of Gases
Kinetic Theory of Gases Modern Physics September 7 and 12, 2016 1 Intro In this section, we will relate macroscopic properties of gases (like Pressure, Temperature) to the behavior of the microscopic components
More informationDr Ali Jawarneh. Hashemite University
Dr Ali Jawarneh Department of Mechanical Engineering Hashemite University Examine the moving boundary work or P d work commonly encountered in reciprocating devices such as automotive engines and compressors.
More informationChapter 14. The Ideal Gas Law and Kinetic Theory
Chapter 14 The Ideal Gas Law and Kinetic Theory 14.1 Molecular Mass, the Mole, and Avogadro s Number The atomic number of an element is the # of protons in its nucleus. Isotopes of an element have different
More informationTo receive full credit all work must be clearly provided. Please use units in all answers.
Exam is Open Textbook, Open Class Notes, Computers can be used (Computer limited to class notes, lectures, homework, book material, calculator, conversion utilities, etc. No searching for similar problems
More information17-1 Ideal Gases. Gases are the easiest state of matter to describe - All ideal gases exhibit similar behavior.
17-1 Ideal Gases Gases are the easiest state of matter to describe - All ideal gases exhibit similar behavior. An ideal gas is one that is thin enough, that the interactions between molecules can be ignored.
More informationKNOWN: Pressure, temperature, and velocity of steam entering a 1.6-cm-diameter pipe.
4.3 Steam enters a.6-cm-diameter pipe at 80 bar and 600 o C with a velocity of 50 m/s. Determine the mass flow rate, in kg/s. KNOWN: Pressure, temperature, and velocity of steam entering a.6-cm-diameter
More informationChapter 12. Temperature and Heat. continued
Chapter 12 Temperature and Heat continued 12.3 The Ideal Gas Law THE IDEAL GAS LAW The absolute pressure of an ideal gas is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature and the number of moles (n) of
More informationAtomic Mass and Atomic Mass Number. Moles and Molar Mass. Moles and Molar Mass
Atomic Mass and Atomic Mass Number The mass of an atom is determined primarily by its most massive constituents: protons and neutrons in its nucleus. The sum of the number of protons and neutrons is called
More informationKinetic Molecular Model of Gas 1. The kinetic gas equation for 1 mole of a gas 1 mc PV ) 1 1 PV MC ) C 1 mc PV ) PV. At the same temperature and pressure which of the following gas will have highest K.E
More information7. (2) Of these elements, which has the greatest number of atoms in a mole? a. hydrogen (H) b. oxygen (O) c. iron (Fe) d. gold (Au) e. all tie.
General Physics I Exam 5 - Chs. 13,14,15 - Heat, Kinetic Theory, Thermodynamics Dec. 14, 2010 Name Rec. Instr. Rec. Time For full credit, make your work clear to the grader. Show formulas used, essential
More informationPhysics 4C Chapter 19: The Kinetic Theory of Gases
Physics 4C Chapter 19: The Kinetic Theory of Gases Whether you think you can or think you can t, you re usually right. Henry Ford The only thing in life that is achieved without effort is failure. Source
More informationPHYSICS - CLUTCH CH 19: KINETIC THEORY OF IDEAL GASSES.
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: ATOMIC VIEW OF AN IDEAL GAS Remember! A gas is a type of fluid whose volume can change to fill a container - What makes a gas ideal? An IDEAL GAS is a gas whose particles
More informationThermodynamics. Atoms are in constant motion, which increases with temperature.
Thermodynamics SOME DEFINITIONS: THERMO related to heat DYNAMICS the study of motion SYSTEM an object or set of objects ENVIRONMENT the rest of the universe MICROSCOPIC at an atomic or molecular level
More information17-6 The Gas Laws and Absolute Temperature
17-6 The Gas Laws and Absolute Temperature The relationship between the volume, pressure, temperature, and mass of a gas is called an equation of state. We will deal here with gases that are not too dense.
More informationCHAPTER III: Kinetic Theory of Gases [5%]
CHAPTER III: Kinetic Theory of Gases [5%] Introduction The kinetic theory of gases (also known as kinetic-molecular theory) is a law that explains the behavior of a hypothetical ideal gas. According to
More informationKinetic Theory: Atomic and Molecular Explanation of Pressure and Temperature
Kinetic Theory: Atomic and Molecular Explanation of Pressure and Temperature Bởi: OpenStaxCollege We have developed macroscopic definitions of pressure and temperature. Pressure is the force divided by
More informationLecture PowerPoints. Chapter 13 Physics: Principles with Applications, 7 th edition Giancoli
Lecture PowerPoints Chapter 13 Physics: Principles with Applications, 7 th edition Giancoli This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors in teaching
More information19-9 Adiabatic Expansion of an Ideal Gas
19-9 Adiabatic Expansion of an Ideal Gas Learning Objectives 19.44 On a p-v diagram, sketch an adiabatic expansion (or contraction) and identify that there is no heat exchange Q with the environment. 19.45
More informationLesson 12. Luis Anchordoqui. Physics 168. Tuesday, November 28, 17
Lesson 12 Physics 168 1 Temperature and Kinetic Theory of Gases 2 Atomic Theory of Matter On microscopic scale, arrangements of molecules in solids, liquids, and gases are quite different 3 Temperature
More informationChemical Thermodynamics : Georg Duesberg
The Properties of Gases Kinetic gas theory Maxwell Boltzman distribution, Collisions Real (non-ideal) gases fugacity, Joule Thomson effect Mixtures of gases Entropy, Chemical Potential Liquid Solutions
More informationTopic 3 &10 Review Thermodynamics
Name: Date: Topic 3 &10 Review Thermodynamics 1. The kelvin temperature of an object is a measure of A. the total energy of the molecules of the object. B. the total kinetic energy of the molecules of
More informationCompiled and rearranged by Sajit Chandra Shakya
1 (a) (i) The kinetic theory of gases leads to the equation m = kt. (b) Explain the significance of the quantity m... the equation to suggest what is meant by the absolute zero of temperature...
More informationC H E M 1 CHEM 101-GENERAL CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 5 GASES INSTR : FİLİZ ALSHANABLEH
C H E M 1 CHEM 101-GENERAL CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 5 GASES 0 1 INSTR : FİLİZ ALSHANABLEH CHAPTER 5 GASES Properties of Gases Pressure History and Application of the Gas Laws Partial Pressure Stoichiometry of
More informationRed Sox - Yankees. Baseball can not get more exciting than these games. Physics 121, April 17, Kinetic theory of gases.
Red Sox - Yankees. Baseball can not get more exciting than these games. Physics 121, April 17, 2008. Kinetic theory of gases. http://eml.ou.edu/physics/module/thermal/ketcher/idg4.avi Physics 121. April
More informationMAE 11. Homework 8: Solutions 11/30/2018
MAE 11 Homework 8: Solutions 11/30/2018 MAE 11 Fall 2018 HW #8 Due: Friday, November 30 (beginning of class at 12:00p) Requirements:: Include T s diagram for all cycles. Also include p v diagrams for Ch
More informationIdeal Gases. 247 minutes. 205 marks. theonlinephysicstutor.com. facebook.com/theonlinephysicstutor. Name: Class: Date: Time: Marks: Comments:
Ideal Gases Name: Class: Date: Time: 247 minutes Marks: 205 marks Comments: Page 1 of 48 1 Which one of the graphs below shows the relationship between the internal energy of an ideal gas (y-axis) and
More informationRevision Guide for Chapter 13
Matter: very simple Revision Guide for Chapter Contents Revision Checklist Revision Notes Ideal gas... 4 Ideal gas laws... 4 Assumptions of kinetic theory of gases... 5 Internal energy... 6 Specific thermal
More informationKinetic Theory. 84 minutes. 62 marks. theonlinephysicstutor.com. facebook.com/theonlinephysicstutor. Name: Class: Date: Time: Marks: Comments:
Kinetic Theory Name: Class: Date: Time: 84 minutes Marks: 62 marks Comments: Page 1 of 19 1 Which one of the following is not an assumption about the properties of particles in the simple kinetic theory?
More informationThe First Law of Thermodynamics. By: Yidnekachew Messele
The First Law of Thermodynamics By: Yidnekachew Messele It is the law that relates the various forms of energies for system of different types. It is simply the expression of the conservation of energy
More informationKINETIC THEORY OF GASES
LECTURE 8 KINETIC THEORY OF GASES Text Sections 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7 Sample Problems 0.4 Suggested Questions Suggested Problems Summary None 45P, 55P Molecular model for pressure Root mean square (RMS) speed
More informationTemperature Thermal Expansion Ideal Gas Law Kinetic Theory Heat Heat Transfer Phase Changes Specific Heat Calorimetry Heat Engines
Temperature Thermal Expansion Ideal Gas Law Kinetic Theory Heat Heat Transfer Phase Changes Specific Heat Calorimetry Heat Engines Zeroeth Law Two systems individually in thermal equilibrium with a third
More informationSpeed Distribution at CONSTANT Temperature is given by the Maxwell Boltzmann Speed Distribution
Temperature ~ Average KE of each particle Particles have different speeds Gas Particles are in constant RANDOM motion Average KE of each particle is: 3/2 kt Pressure is due to momentum transfer Speed Distribution
More informationPV = n R T = N k T. Measured from Vacuum = 0 Gauge Pressure = Vacuum - Atmospheric Atmospheric = 14.7 lbs/sq in = 10 5 N/m
PV = n R T = N k T P is the Absolute pressure Measured from Vacuum = 0 Gauge Pressure = Vacuum - Atmospheric Atmospheric = 14.7 lbs/sq in = 10 5 N/m V is the volume of the system in m 3 often the system
More informationI. (20%) Answer the following True (T) or False (F). If false, explain why for full credit.
I. (20%) Answer the following True (T) or False (F). If false, explain why for full credit. Both the Kelvin and Fahrenheit scales are absolute temperature scales. Specific volume, v, is an intensive property,
More informationENT 254: Applied Thermodynamics
ENT 54: Applied Thermodynamics Mr. Azizul bin Mohamad Mechanical Engineering Program School of Mechatronic Engineering Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) azizul@unimap.edu.my 019-4747351 04-9798679 Chapter
More informationUnit 05 Kinetic Theory of Gases
Unit 05 Kinetic Theory of Gases Unit Concepts: A) A bit more about temperature B) Ideal Gas Law C) Molar specific heats D) Using them all Unit 05 Kinetic Theory, Slide 1 Temperature and Velocity Recall:
More informationGas Density. Standard T & P (STP) 10/29/2011. At STP, 1 mol of any ideal gas occupies 22.4 L. T = 273 K (0 o C) P = 1 atm = kpa = 1.
Standard T & P (STP) T = 73 K (0 o C) P = 1 atm = 101.35 kpa = 1.0135 bar At STP, 1 mol of any ideal gas occupies.4 L.4 L Gas Density We can use PV = nrt to determine the density of gases. What are the
More informationKinetic Theory: Atomic and Molecular Explanation of Pressure and Temperature
OpenStax-CNX module: m55236 1 Kinetic Theory: Atomic and Molecular Explanation of Pressure and Temperature OpenStax This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution
More informationKinetic Model of Gases
Kinetic Model of Gases Section 1.3 of Atkins, 6th Ed, 24.1 of Atkins, 7th Ed. 21.1 of Atkins, 8th Ed., and 20.1 of Atkins, 9th Ed. Basic Assumptions Molecular Speeds RMS Speed Maxwell Distribution of Speeds
More informationPart One: The Gas Laws. gases (low density, easy to compress)
CHAPTER FIVE: THE GASEOUS STATE Part One: The Gas Laws A. Introduction. 1. Comparison of three states of matter: fluids (flow freely) solids condensed states liquids (high density, hard to compress) gases
More informationThermodynamics I Spring 1432/1433H (2011/2012H) Saturday, Wednesday 8:00am - 10:00am & Monday 8:00am - 9:00am MEP 261 Class ZA
Thermodynamics I Spring 1432/1433H (2011/2012H) Saturday, Wednesday 8:00am - 10:00am & Monday 8:00am - 9:00am MEP 261 Class ZA Dr. Walid A. Aissa Associate Professor, Mech. Engg. Dept. Faculty of Engineering
More informationChapter 7. Entropy. by Asst.Prof. Dr.Woranee Paengjuntuek and Asst. Prof. Dr.Worarattana Pattaraprakorn
Chapter 7 Entropy by Asst.Prof. Dr.Woranee Paengjuntuek and Asst. Prof. Dr.Worarattana Pattaraprakorn Reference: Cengel, Yunus A. and Michael A. Boles, Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach, 5th ed.,
More information(a) (i) One of the assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases is that molecules make elastic collisions. State what is meant by an elastic collision.
1 (a) (i) One of the assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases is that molecules make elastic collisions. State what is meant by an elastic collision. State two more assumptions that are made in the kinetic
More information9.5 The Kinetic-Molecular Theory
502 Chapter 9 Gases Figure 9.30 In a diffuser, gaseous UF 6 is pumped through a porous barrier, which partially separates 235 UF 6 from 238 UF 6 The UF 6 must pass through many large diffuser units to
More informationKINETIC THEORY OF GASES
KINETIC THEORY OF GASES VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS ( MARK). Write two condition when real gases obey the ideal gas equation ( nrt). n number of mole.. If the number of molecule in a container is
More informationChapter 19: The Kinetic Theory of Gases Questions and Example Problems
Chapter 9: The Kinetic Theory of Gases Questions and Example Problems N M V f N M Vo sam n pv nrt Nk T W nrt ln B A molar nmv RT k T rms B p v K k T λ rms avg B V M m πd N/V Q nc T Q nc T C C + R E nc
More informationThis is a statistical treatment of the large ensemble of molecules that make up a gas. We had expressed the ideal gas law as: pv = nrt (1)
1. Kinetic Theory of Gases This is a statistical treatment of the large ensemble of molecules that make up a gas. We had expressed the ideal gas law as: pv = nrt (1) where n is the number of moles. We
More informationPhysics 231 Lecture 30. Main points of today s lecture: Ideal gas law:
Physics 231 Lecture 30 Main points of today s lecture: Ideal gas law: PV = nrt = Nk BT 2 N 1 2 N 3 3 V 2 3 V 2 2 P = m v = KE ; KE KE = kbt Phases of Matter Slide 12-16 Ideal Gas: properties Approximate
More informationSpring_#8. Thermodynamics. Youngsuk Nam
Spring_#8 Thermodynamics Youngsuk Nam ysnam1@khu.ac.krac kr Ch.7: Entropy Apply the second law of thermodynamics to processes. Define a new property called entropy to quantify the secondlaw effects. Establish
More informationKinetic Theory continued
Chapter 12 Kinetic Theory continued 12.4 Kinetic Theory of Gases The particles are in constant, random motion, colliding with each other and with the walls of the container. Each collision changes the
More informationThermal Physics. 1) Thermodynamics: Relates heat + work with empirical (observed, not derived) properties of materials (e.g. ideal gas: PV = nrt).
Thermal Physics 1) Thermodynamics: Relates heat + work with empirical (observed, not derived) properties of materials (e.g. ideal gas: PV = nrt). 2) Statistical Mechanics: Uses models (can be more complicated)
More information10 TEMPERATURE, THERMAL EXPANSION, IDEAL GAS LAW, AND KINETIC THEORY OF GASES.
10 TEMPERATURE, THERMAL EXPANSION, IDEAL GAS LAW, AND KINETIC THEORY OF GASES. Key words: Atoms, Molecules, Atomic Theory of Matter, Molecular Mass, Solids, Liquids, and Gases, Thermodynamics, State Variables,
More informationPhysics 231 Topic 12: Temperature, Thermal Expansion, and Ideal Gases Alex Brown Nov
Physics 231 Topic 12: Temperature, Thermal Expansion, and Ideal Gases Alex Brown Nov 18-23 2015 MSU Physics 231 Fall 2015 1 homework 3 rd midterm final Thursday 8-10 pm makeup Friday final 9-11 am MSU
More informationAn ideal gas. Ideal gas equation.
S t r o n a 1 Autor: Ryszard Świda An ideal gas. Ideal gas equation. To facilitate the application of physical theories, various physicals models are created and used. A physical model is a hypothetical
More informationKinetic Theory continued
Chapter 12 Kinetic Theory continued 12.4 Kinetic Theory of Gases The particles are in constant, random motion, colliding with each other and with the walls of the container. Each collision changes the
More informationFluids Bernoulli s equation conclusion
Chapter 11 Fluids Bernoulli s equation conclusion 11.9 Bernoulli s Equation W NC = ( P 2! P 1 )V W NC = E 1! E 2 = 1 mv 2 + mgy 2 1 1 ( )! ( 1 "v 2 + "gy 2 2 2 ) ( P 2! P 1 ) = 1 "v 2 + "gy 2 1 1 NC Work
More informationHandout 11: Ideal gas, internal energy, work and heat. Ideal gas law
Handout : Ideal gas, internal energy, work and heat Ideal gas law For a gas at pressure p, volume V and absolute temperature T, ideal gas law states that pv = nrt, where n is the number of moles and R
More informationWhat is Temperature?
What is Temperature? Observation: When objects are placed near each other, they may change, even if no work is done. (Example: when you put water from the hot tap next to water from the cold tap, they
More informationChapter 4. Energy Analysis of Closed Systems
Chapter 4 Energy Analysis of Closed Systems The first law of thermodynamics is an expression of the conservation of energy principle. Energy can cross the boundaries of a closed system in the form of heat
More informationPhysics 160 Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics: Lecture 2. Dr. Rengachary Parthasarathy Jan 28, 2013
Physics 160 Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics: Lecture 2 Dr. Rengachary Parthasarathy Jan 28, 2013 Chapter 1: Energy in Thermal Physics Due Date Section 1.1 1.1 2/3 Section 1.2: 1.12, 1.14, 1.16,
More information(2) The volume of molecules is negligible in comparison to the volume of gas. (3) Molecules of a gas moves randomly in all direction.
9.1 Kinetic Theory of Gases : Assumption (1) The molecules of a gas are identical, spherical and perfectly elastic point masses. (2) The volume of molecules is negligible in comparison to the volume of
More informationBasic Concepts of Thermodynamics The science of Energy
Thermodynamics Lecture Series Capturing the Lingo Assoc. Prof. Dr. Jaafar Jantan aka DR. JJ Applied Science Education Research Applied Science, UiTM, Shah Alam Deep Impact Mission: Flyby camera capturing
More informationHandout 11: Ideal gas, internal energy, work and heat. Ideal gas law
Handout : Ideal gas, internal energy, work and heat Ideal gas law For a gas at pressure p, volume V and absolute temperature T, ideal gas law states that pv = nrt, where n is the number of moles and R
More informationPhysics 111. Lecture 34 (Walker 17.2,17.4-5) Kinetic Theory of Gases Phases of Matter Latent Heat
Physics 111 Lecture 34 (Walker 17.2,17.4-5) Kinetic Theory of Gases Phases of Matter Latent Heat Dec. 7, 2009 Kinetic Theory Pressure is the result of collisions between gas molecules and walls of container.
More informationQuantitative Exercise 9.4. Tip 9/14/2015. Quantitative analysis of an ideal gas
Chapter 9 - GASES 9. Quantitative analysis of gas 9.4 emperature 9.5 esting the ideal gas Quantitative analysis of an ideal gas We need more simplifying assumptions. Assume that the particles do not collide
More informationModule 5: Rise and Fall of the Clockwork Universe. You should be able to demonstrate and show your understanding of:
OCR B Physics H557 Module 5: Rise and Fall of the Clockwork Universe You should be able to demonstrate and show your understanding of: 5.2: Matter Particle model: A gas consists of many very small, rapidly
More informationTurning up the heat: thermal expansion
Lecture 3 Turning up the heat: Kinetic molecular theory & thermal expansion Gas in an oven: at the hot of materials science Here, the size of helium atoms relative to their spacing is shown to scale under
More informationName: Self Assessment - Preparatory
Name: Self Assessment - Preparatory 1. I have read the chapter before coming to the discussion session today. 2. I am able to state that a system is simply a space or mass that I choose to study. 3. I
More information+ m B1 = 1. u A1. u B1. - m B1 = V A. /v A = , u B1 + V B. = 5.5 kg => = V tot. Table B.1.
5.6 A rigid tank is divided into two rooms by a membrane, both containing water, shown in Fig. P5.6. Room A is at 200 kpa, v = 0.5 m3/kg, VA = m3, and room B contains 3.5 kg at 0.5 MPa, 400 C. The membrane
More informationDerived copy of The Kinetic-Molecular Theory *
OpenStax-CNX module: m62491 1 Derived copy of The Kinetic-Molecular Theory * Sylvia K. Quick Based on The Kinetic-Molecular Theory by OpenStax This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the
More informationChapters 17 &19 Temperature, Thermal Expansion and The Ideal Gas Law
Chapters 17 &19 Temperature, Thermal Expansion and The Ideal Gas Law Units of Chapter 17 & 19 Temperature and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics Temperature Scales Thermal Expansion Heat and Mechanical Work
More informationFluids Bernoulli s equation conclusion
Chapter 11 Fluids Bernoulli s equation conclusion 11.9 Bernoulli s Equation W NC = ( P 2! P 1 )V W NC = E 1! E 2 = 1 mv 2 + mgy 2 1 1 ( )! ( 1 "v 2 + "gy 2 2 2 ) ( P 2! P 1 ) = 1 "v 2 + "gy 2 1 1 NC Work
More information