AP Calculus BC Chapter 8: Integration Techniques, L Hopital s Rule and Improper Integrals

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "AP Calculus BC Chapter 8: Integration Techniques, L Hopital s Rule and Improper Integrals"

Transcription

1 AP Clulus BC Chpter 8: Integrtion Tehniques, L Hopitl s Rule nd Improper Integrls

2 8. Bsi Integrtion Rules In this setion we will review vrious integrtion strtegies. Strtegies: I. Seprte the integrnd into two frtions II. Rewrite the integrte in n equivlent form. + e (Hint: Add nd sutrt e in the numertor nd then rewrite s the sum of two frtions. OR Multiply the frtion y e e. )

3 III. Complete the squre. (Hint: When you omplete the squre in the denomintor, you my end up with n integrl for r sin, r tn, or r se.) IV. Divide Rtionl Funtion. + (Hint: If the degree of the numertor is greter thn or equl to the degree of the denomintor, it my e helpful to divide the numertor y the denomintor.)

4 V. Epnd the epression. ( + e ) VI. Use Trigonometri Identities. ot (Hint: Use trig identity to rewrite the integrnd. In this se, use Pythgoren Identity.)

5 VII. Multiply nd Divide y the Conjugte. + sin (Hint: Multiply numertor nd denomintor y ( sin ) )

6 8. Integrtion y Prts Question: How do we integrte epressions suh s ln or e or e sin??? We will use new method, integrtion y prts, to integrte these omplited looking integrls. The produt rule is the sis for deriving the formul for integrtion y prts. Given u() nd v(), the derivtive of the produt u( ) v( ) is given y: Integrting oth sides of the eqution gives: d u ( ) v ( ) = u ( ) v '( ) + v ( ) u '( ) d [ u() v() ] = [ u() v'() + v() u'() ] u() v() = u() v'() + v() u'() u() v() = u() dv + du v() u() v() = u() dv + v() du Rerrnge the eqution to get the formul for Integrtion y Prts: u()dv = u() v() v()du Using simpler nottion we get: u dv = uv v du The new formul epresses the originl integrl in terms of nother integrl tht should e esier to evlute. To pply the Integrtion y Prts formul:. Determine the pproprite sustitution for u nd dv.. Integrte dv to solve for v, nd differentite u to solve for du. 3. Sustitute the vlues for u, v, du, nd dv into the formul. 4. Solve the new integrl.

7 Emple sin Courtesy of Emple e Emple 3 e os

8 Emple 4 ln The Tulr Method This method is useful when you must pply integrtion y prts multiple times. For instne, when integrting ny of the forms elow, the tulr method is helpful. Emple 5 n sin or n os or n e sin 4 Let u = nd dv = sin 4 The sign pplies to Differentite until you get to 0. Integrte. u nd u'. Alternting Sign +/- u nd du dv nd v The solution is otined y dding the signed produt of the digonl entries.

9 8.3 Trigonometri Integrls Some simple trig integrls tht you lredy hve done Use U-su.. sin 3 os. tn 4 se 3. se 3 se tn Now let s mke it little more hllenging In this setion we will e solving integrls like: sin m osn The following trig identities will prove quite useful in this setion. Pythgoren Identity sin + os = Power Redution Formuls sin os = os + os = Notie tht the Power Redution Formuls re just nother rrngement of the Doule Angle Identities from trig: os = sin nd os = os

10 . When the power of either sin or os is odd nd positive, keep one ftor of sin nd onvert ll other ftors to os, OR keep one ftor of os nd onvert ll other ftors to sin. Use sin or os s your du for u-sustitution. Emple: sin 3 os 4. When the powers of oth sine nd/or osine re even (you n't use the first strtegy) mke repeted use of the power reduing identities ove. Emple: os 4

11 8.3 Trigonometri Integrls Dy In this setion we will e solving integrls of the form: se m tn n Strtegies:. If the power of sent is even nd positive, sve sent squred ftor for the du nd onvert the remining ftors to tngent. Use the identity: tn + = se Emple: se 4 tn 3. If the power of tngent is odd nd positive, sve sent-tngent ftor for the du, nd onvert the remining ftors to sents. Emple: tn 3 se

12 3. If there re no sent ftors nd the power of tngent is even nd positive, onvert tngent-squred ftor to sent-squred ftor. Let the sent-squred ftor e your du. Emple: tn 4 4. If there re no tngent ftors nd the power of sent is odd nd positive, use Integrtion y prts. Emple: se 3 5. If none of the 4 strtegies ove pply, try onverting to sines nd osines! se Emple: tn

13 8.5 Prtil Frtions The deomposition of rtionl funtion into simpler rtionl frtions, otherwise known s prtil frtions n e helpful in the integrtion of diffiult rtionl funtions.. Divide n improper frtion (degree of numertor is greter thn or equl to the degree of the denomintor).. Deompose rtionl funtions into prtil frtions. (see ll ses elow) 3. Integrte the resulting terms. ) 4 ) 3 6

14 3) 5 3

15 8.7 Indeterminte Forms nd L'Hopitl's Rule Emples of some indeterminte forms: 0 0 0,,,, 0,,, 0, 0 In the proess of determining limit we osionlly rrive t one of the indeterminte forms listed ove. We n only speulte out the mening of epressions suh s these. Previously, we might hve used lgeri tehniques or grphing lultor to solve suh dilemm, ut now we will lern to use L'Hopitl's rule to determine the vlue of n indeterminte form when it is the solution to given limit prolem. First, we'll review tehniques with whih you re lredy fmilir. Algeri Method Emple : lim = 0 y diret sustitution Rewrite the frtion using lger nd try evluting the limit gin. 3 lim ( )( + ) = lim 3( + ) = 6 ( ) Emple : 5 lim + = y diret sustitution 6 7 Rewrite the frtion using lger nd try evluting the limit gin. 5 5 lim lim = = 5 6 Grphing Clultor Method e 0 Emple 3: lim = 0 0 y diret sustitution From the grph nd the tle of vlues in the neighorhood of = 0, you n pproimte the limit. e lim 0 =

16 L'Hopitl's Rule Let f nd g e funtions tht re differentile on n open intervl (, ) ontining, eept possily t itself. Assume tht g'() is not equl to 0 for ll in (, ), eept possily t itself. If the limit f ( ) s pprohes produes the indeterminte form g( ) 0/0, then lim f () g() = lim f '() g'() provided the limit on the right eists or is infinite. This result lso pplies if the limit of f ( ) g( ) s pprohes produes ny one of the indeterminte forms,,,. We n lso pply L'Hopitl's Rule to limits pprohing. f lim ( ) f lim '( = ) g( ) g'( ) It is importnt to note tht L'Hopitl's rule pplies only to limits tht yield the indeterminte forms 0 / 0 or ± / ±. If limit yields one of the other indeterminte forms listed ove nd n e rewritten to yield the form 0 / 0 or ± / ±, then you n pply L'Hopitl's rule to the new form. Note lso, there re other forms known to e "determinte" forms suh s: The lst determinte form is perhps the most diffiult to ept. It is not intuitively ovious. A proof of the lst determinte form follows t the end of the notes for the prtiulrly inquisitive Clulus student. Let's use L'Hopitl's Rule to determine the limit in Emple 3 from pge. Emple 3: (gin) e lim 0 =

17 Emple 4: lim sin 0 = Emple 5: lim os 0 = Emple 6: lim = Emple 7: sin 8 lim = 0 Emple 8: lim e = Emple 9: ln lim Emple 0: lim sin

18 Emple : lim e Emple : lim ( sin ) HINT: Set the limit equl to y nd 0 + tke the ln of oth sides of the eqution. Emple 3: lim( os ) 0 Emple 4: lim + ln NOTE: When possile, try heking these limits using grphing lultor. J

19 8.8 Improper Integrls You will rell tht when we evlute definite integrl, the intervl [,] is losed intervl. In other words, the limits of integrtion re usully two onstnts. In ddition, the Fundmentl Theorem of Clulus requires tht funtion e everywhere ontinuous in order to integrte the funtion. There re two types of integrls tht defy these typil requirements for integrtion. We ll them Improper Integrls. We will first onsider integrls tht hve one or oth limits of integrtion equl to or -. Then we will onsider integrls tht hve disontinuity t or etween the limits of integrtion. Infinite Limits of Integrtion Cse I: If f is ontinuous on the intervl [, ), then f () = lim f () Cse II: If f is ontinuous on the intervl (-,], then f () = lim f () Cse III: If f is ontinuous on the intervl (-, ), then f () = f () + f () where is ny rel numer. Rewrite s the sum of two limits = lim f () + lim f () In the first two ses, the improper integrl onverges if the limit eists - otherwise, the improper integrl diverges nd we n not evlute it. In the third se, the improper integrl on the left onverges only when oth integrls on the right hve limit nd re therefore onvergent. Emple : Rewrite the integrl s limit: lim Now, evlute the integrl nd then determine the limit. Emple : Rewrite the integrl s limit: lim Compre the grphs of f ( ) = nd f ( ) =. The grphs re very similr nd yet one integrl onverges while the other diverges. Cn you eplin why?

20 Emple 3: e vlue of, let's sy 0 in this se. lim e Rewrite the integrl s the sum of two limits, hoosing onvenient 0 + lim e 0 Integrls with Disontinuity t or within the Limits of Integrtion Cse I: If f is ontinuous on the intervl [, ) nd hs n infinite disontinuity t, then f () = lim f (). Cse II: If f is ontinuous on the intervl (, ] nd hs n infinite disontinuity t, then f () = lim + f (). Cse III: If f is ontinuous on the intervl [,] eept for some in (,) t whih f hs n infinite disontinuity, then Rewrite s the sum of limits f () = f () + f (). = lim d d f () + lim e + e f () In the first two ses, the improper integrl onverges if the limit eists - otherwise, the improper integrl diverges. In the third se, the improper integrl on the left onverges only if oth integrls on the right onverge. Emple 4: 4 Rewrite s limit: lim 4 4 4

21 Emple 5: Rewrite s limit: lim Emple 6: 8 Rewrite s the sum of two limits: 3 lim lim

Calculus Cheat Sheet. Integrals Definitions. where F( x ) is an anti-derivative of f ( x ). Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. dx = f x dx g x dx

Calculus Cheat Sheet. Integrals Definitions. where F( x ) is an anti-derivative of f ( x ). Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. dx = f x dx g x dx Clulus Chet Sheet Integrls Definitions Definite Integrl: Suppose f ( ) is ontinuous Anti-Derivtive : An nti-derivtive of f ( ) on [, ]. Divide [, ] into n suintervls of is funtion, F( ), suh tht F = f.

More information

Chapter 6 Techniques of Integration

Chapter 6 Techniques of Integration MA Techniques of Integrtion Asst.Prof.Dr.Suprnee Liswdi Chpter 6 Techniques of Integrtion Recll: Some importnt integrls tht we hve lernt so fr. Tle of Integrls n+ n d = + C n + e d = e + C ( n ) d = ln

More information

University of Sioux Falls. MAT204/205 Calculus I/II

University of Sioux Falls. MAT204/205 Calculus I/II University of Sioux Flls MAT204/205 Clulus I/II Conepts ddressed: Clulus Textook: Thoms Clulus, 11 th ed., Weir, Hss, Giordno 1. Use stndrd differentition nd integrtion tehniques. Differentition tehniques

More information

Math 113 Exam 2 Practice

Math 113 Exam 2 Practice Mth Em Prctice Februry, 8 Em will cover sections 6.5, 7.-7.5 nd 7.8. This sheet hs three sections. The first section will remind you bout techniques nd formuls tht you should know. The second gives number

More information

MA Exam 2 Study Guide, Fall u n du (or the integral of linear combinations

MA Exam 2 Study Guide, Fall u n du (or the integral of linear combinations LESSON 0 Chpter 7.2 Trigonometric Integrls. Bsic trig integrls you should know. sin = cos + C cos = sin + C sec 2 = tn + C sec tn = sec + C csc 2 = cot + C csc cot = csc + C MA 6200 Em 2 Study Guide, Fll

More information

2 b. , a. area is S= 2π xds. Again, understand where these formulas came from (pages ).

2 b. , a. area is S= 2π xds. Again, understand where these formulas came from (pages ). AP Clculus BC Review Chpter 8 Prt nd Chpter 9 Things to Know nd Be Ale to Do Know everything from the first prt of Chpter 8 Given n integrnd figure out how to ntidifferentite it using ny of the following

More information

Improper Integrals. Introduction. Type 1: Improper Integrals on Infinite Intervals. When we defined the definite integral.

Improper Integrals. Introduction. Type 1: Improper Integrals on Infinite Intervals. When we defined the definite integral. Improper Integrls Introduction When we defined the definite integrl f d we ssumed tht f ws continuous on [, ] where [, ] ws finite, closed intervl There re t lest two wys this definition cn fil to e stisfied:

More information

6.5 Improper integrals

6.5 Improper integrals Eerpt from "Clulus" 3 AoPS In. www.rtofprolemsolving.om 6.5. IMPROPER INTEGRALS 6.5 Improper integrls As we ve seen, we use the definite integrl R f to ompute the re of the region under the grph of y =

More information

7. Indefinite Integrals

7. Indefinite Integrals 7. Indefinite Integrls These lecture notes present my interprettion of Ruth Lwrence s lecture notes (in Herew) 7. Prolem sttement By the fundmentl theorem of clculus, to clculte n integrl we need to find

More information

Chapter 7 Notes, Stewart 8e. 7.1 Integration by Parts Trigonometric Integrals Evaluating sin m x cos n (x) dx...

Chapter 7 Notes, Stewart 8e. 7.1 Integration by Parts Trigonometric Integrals Evaluating sin m x cos n (x) dx... Contents 7.1 Integrtion by Prts................................... 2 7.2 Trigonometric Integrls.................................. 8 7.2.1 Evluting sin m x cos n (x)......................... 8 7.2.2 Evluting

More information

Thomas Whitham Sixth Form

Thomas Whitham Sixth Form Thoms Whithm Sith Form Pure Mthemtics Unit C Alger Trigonometry Geometry Clculus Vectors Trigonometry Compound ngle formule sin sin cos cos Pge A B sin Acos B cos Asin B A B sin Acos B cos Asin B A B cos

More information

Section 4: Integration ECO4112F 2011

Section 4: Integration ECO4112F 2011 Reding: Ching Chpter Section : Integrtion ECOF Note: These notes do not fully cover the mteril in Ching, ut re ment to supplement your reding in Ching. Thus fr the optimistion you hve covered hs een sttic

More information

Chapter 8: Methods of Integration

Chapter 8: Methods of Integration Chpter 8: Methods of Integrtion Bsic Integrls 8. Note: We hve the following list of Bsic Integrls p p+ + c, for p sec tn + c p + ln + c sec tn sec + c e e + c tn ln sec + c ln + c sec ln sec + tn + c ln

More information

Final Exam Review. [Top Bottom]dx =

Final Exam Review. [Top Bottom]dx = Finl Exm Review Are Between Curves See 7.1 exmples 1, 2, 4, 5 nd exerises 1-33 (odd) The re of the region bounded by the urves y = f(x), y = g(x), nd the lines x = nd x = b, where f nd g re ontinuous nd

More information

Numbers and indices. 1.1 Fractions. GCSE C Example 1. Handy hint. Key point

Numbers and indices. 1.1 Fractions. GCSE C Example 1. Handy hint. Key point GCSE C Emple 7 Work out 9 Give your nswer in its simplest form Numers n inies Reiprote mens invert or turn upsie own The reiprol of is 9 9 Mke sure you only invert the frtion you re iviing y 7 You multiply

More information

Anti-derivatives/Indefinite Integrals of Basic Functions

Anti-derivatives/Indefinite Integrals of Basic Functions Anti-derivtives/Indefinite Integrls of Bsic Functions Power Rule: In prticulr, this mens tht x n+ x n n + + C, dx = ln x + C, if n if n = x 0 dx = dx = dx = x + C nd x (lthough you won t use the second

More information

AQA Further Pure 2. Hyperbolic Functions. Section 2: The inverse hyperbolic functions

AQA Further Pure 2. Hyperbolic Functions. Section 2: The inverse hyperbolic functions Hperbolic Functions Section : The inverse hperbolic functions Notes nd Emples These notes contin subsections on The inverse hperbolic functions Integrtion using the inverse hperbolic functions Logrithmic

More information

Part 4. Integration (with Proofs)

Part 4. Integration (with Proofs) Prt 4. Integrtion (with Proofs) 4.1 Definition Definition A prtition P of [, b] is finite set of points {x 0, x 1,..., x n } with = x 0 < x 1

More information

Improper Integrals. Type I Improper Integrals How do we evaluate an integral such as

Improper Integrals. Type I Improper Integrals How do we evaluate an integral such as Improper Integrls Two different types of integrls cn qulify s improper. The first type of improper integrl (which we will refer to s Type I) involves evluting n integrl over n infinite region. In the grph

More information

Math 3B Final Review

Math 3B Final Review Mth 3B Finl Review Written by Victori Kl vtkl@mth.ucsb.edu SH 6432u Office Hours: R 9:45-10:45m SH 1607 Mth Lb Hours: TR 1-2pm Lst updted: 12/06/14 This is continution of the midterm review. Prctice problems

More information

Integration. antidifferentiation

Integration. antidifferentiation 9 Integrtion 9A Antidifferentition 9B Integrtion of e, sin ( ) nd os ( ) 9C Integrtion reognition 9D Approimting res enlosed funtions 9E The fundmentl theorem of integrl lulus 9F Signed res 9G Further

More information

Mathematics Number: Logarithms

Mathematics Number: Logarithms plce of mind F A C U L T Y O F E D U C A T I O N Deprtment of Curriculum nd Pedgogy Mthemtics Numer: Logrithms Science nd Mthemtics Eduction Reserch Group Supported y UBC Teching nd Lerning Enhncement

More information

SECTION A STUDENT MATERIAL. Part 1. What and Why.?

SECTION A STUDENT MATERIAL. Part 1. What and Why.? SECTION A STUDENT MATERIAL Prt Wht nd Wh.? Student Mteril Prt Prolem n > 0 n > 0 Is the onverse true? Prolem If n is even then n is even. If n is even then n is even. Wht nd Wh? Eploring Pure Mths Are

More information

Math 113 Fall Final Exam Review. 2. Applications of Integration Chapter 6 including sections and section 6.8

Math 113 Fall Final Exam Review. 2. Applications of Integration Chapter 6 including sections and section 6.8 Mth 3 Fll 0 The scope of the finl exm will include: Finl Exm Review. Integrls Chpter 5 including sections 5. 5.7, 5.0. Applictions of Integrtion Chpter 6 including sections 6. 6.5 nd section 6.8 3. Infinite

More information

Calculus AB. For a function f(x), the derivative would be f '(

Calculus AB. For a function f(x), the derivative would be f '( lculus AB Derivtive Formuls Derivtive Nottion: For function f(), the derivtive would e f '( ) Leiniz's Nottion: For the derivtive of y in terms of, we write d For the second derivtive using Leiniz's Nottion:

More information

Polynomials and Division Theory

Polynomials and Division Theory Higher Checklist (Unit ) Higher Checklist (Unit ) Polynomils nd Division Theory Skill Achieved? Know tht polynomil (expression) is of the form: n x + n x n + n x n + + n x + x + 0 where the i R re the

More information

Section 7.1 Integration by Substitution

Section 7.1 Integration by Substitution Section 7. Integrtion by Substitution Evlute ech of the following integrls. Keep in mind tht using substitution my not work on some problems. For one of the definite integrls, it is not possible to find

More information

5.7 Improper Integrals

5.7 Improper Integrals 458 pplictions of definite integrls 5.7 Improper Integrls In Section 5.4, we computed the work required to lift pylod of mss m from the surfce of moon of mss nd rdius R to height H bove the surfce of the

More information

How can we approximate the area of a region in the plane? What is an interpretation of the area under the graph of a velocity function?

How can we approximate the area of a region in the plane? What is an interpretation of the area under the graph of a velocity function? Mth 125 Summry Here re some thoughts I ws hving while considering wht to put on the first midterm. The core of your studying should be the ssigned homework problems: mke sure you relly understnd those

More information

Chapter 8 Roots and Radicals

Chapter 8 Roots and Radicals Chpter 8 Roots nd Rdils 7 ROOTS AND RADICALS 8 Figure 8. Grphene is n inredily strong nd flexile mteril mde from ron. It n lso ondut eletriity. Notie the hexgonl grid pttern. (redit: AlexnderAIUS / Wikimedi

More information

Topics Covered AP Calculus AB

Topics Covered AP Calculus AB Topics Covered AP Clculus AB ) Elementry Functions ) Properties of Functions i) A function f is defined s set of ll ordered pirs (, y), such tht for ech element, there corresponds ectly one element y.

More information

September 13 Homework Solutions

September 13 Homework Solutions College of Engineering nd Computer Science Mechnicl Engineering Deprtment Mechnicl Engineering 5A Seminr in Engineering Anlysis Fll Ticket: 5966 Instructor: Lrry Cretto Septemer Homework Solutions. Are

More information

Type 2: Improper Integrals with Infinite Discontinuities

Type 2: Improper Integrals with Infinite Discontinuities mth imroer integrls: tye 6 Tye : Imroer Integrls with Infinite Disontinuities A seond wy tht funtion n fil to be integrble in the ordinry sense is tht it my hve n infinite disontinuity (vertil symtote)

More information

MA123, Chapter 10: Formulas for integrals: integrals, antiderivatives, and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (pp.

MA123, Chapter 10: Formulas for integrals: integrals, antiderivatives, and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (pp. MA123, Chpter 1: Formuls for integrls: integrls, ntiderivtives, nd the Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus (pp. 27-233, Gootmn) Chpter Gols: Assignments: Understnd the sttement of the Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus.

More information

Chapter 8.2: The Integral

Chapter 8.2: The Integral Chpter 8.: The Integrl You cn think of Clculus s doule-wide triler. In one width of it lives differentil clculus. In the other hlf lives wht is clled integrl clculus. We hve lredy eplored few rooms in

More information

The Double Integral. The Riemann sum of a function f (x; y) over this partition of [a; b] [c; d] is. f (r j ; t k ) x j y k

The Double Integral. The Riemann sum of a function f (x; y) over this partition of [a; b] [c; d] is. f (r j ; t k ) x j y k The Double Integrl De nition of the Integrl Iterted integrls re used primrily s tool for omputing double integrls, where double integrl is n integrl of f (; y) over region : In this setion, we de ne double

More information

For a, b, c, d positive if a b and. ac bd. Reciprocal relations for a and b positive. If a > b then a ab > b. then

For a, b, c, d positive if a b and. ac bd. Reciprocal relations for a and b positive. If a > b then a ab > b. then Slrs-7.2-ADV-.7 Improper Definite Integrls 27.. D.dox Pge of Improper Definite Integrls Before we strt the min topi we present relevnt lger nd it review. See Appendix J for more lger review. Inequlities:

More information

Trigonometry Revision Sheet Q5 of Paper 2

Trigonometry Revision Sheet Q5 of Paper 2 Trigonometry Revision Sheet Q of Pper The Bsis - The Trigonometry setion is ll out tringles. We will normlly e given some of the sides or ngles of tringle nd we use formule nd rules to find the others.

More information

K 7. Quadratic Equations. 1. Rewrite these polynomials in the form ax 2 + bx + c = 0. Identify the values of a, b and c:

K 7. Quadratic Equations. 1. Rewrite these polynomials in the form ax 2 + bx + c = 0. Identify the values of a, b and c: Qudrti Equtions The Null Ftor Lw Let's sy there re two numers nd. If # = then = or = (or oth re ) This mens tht if the produt of two epressions is zero, then t lest one of the epressions must e equl to

More information

f(x) dx, If one of these two conditions is not met, we call the integral improper. Our usual definition for the value for the definite integral

f(x) dx, If one of these two conditions is not met, we call the integral improper. Our usual definition for the value for the definite integral Improper Integrls Every time tht we hve evluted definite integrl such s f(x) dx, we hve mde two implicit ssumptions bout the integrl:. The intervl [, b] is finite, nd. f(x) is continuous on [, b]. If one

More information

Chapter 9 Definite Integrals

Chapter 9 Definite Integrals Chpter 9 Definite Integrls In the previous chpter we found how to tke n ntiderivtive nd investigted the indefinite integrl. In this chpter the connection etween ntiderivtives nd definite integrls is estlished

More information

Chapter Gauss Quadrature Rule of Integration

Chapter Gauss Quadrature Rule of Integration Chpter 7. Guss Qudrture Rule o Integrtion Ater reding this hpter, you should e le to:. derive the Guss qudrture method or integrtion nd e le to use it to solve prolems, nd. use Guss qudrture method to

More information

Section 4.4. Green s Theorem

Section 4.4. Green s Theorem The Clulus of Funtions of Severl Vriles Setion 4.4 Green s Theorem Green s theorem is n exmple from fmily of theorems whih onnet line integrls (nd their higher-dimensionl nlogues) with the definite integrls

More information

Learning Objectives of Module 2 (Algebra and Calculus) Notes:

Learning Objectives of Module 2 (Algebra and Calculus) Notes: 67 Lerning Ojetives of Module (Alger nd Clulus) Notes:. Lerning units re grouped under three res ( Foundtion Knowledge, Alger nd Clulus ) nd Further Lerning Unit.. Relted lerning ojetives re grouped under

More information

ntegration (p3) Integration by Inspection When differentiating using function of a function or the chain rule: If y = f(u), where in turn u = f(x)

ntegration (p3) Integration by Inspection When differentiating using function of a function or the chain rule: If y = f(u), where in turn u = f(x) ntegrtion (p) Integrtion by Inspection When differentiting using function of function or the chin rule: If y f(u), where in turn u f( y y So, to differentite u where u +, we write ( + ) nd get ( + ) (.

More information

The Product Rule state that if f and g are differentiable functions, then

The Product Rule state that if f and g are differentiable functions, then Chpter 6 Techniques of Integrtion 6. Integrtion by Prts Every differentition rule hs corresponding integrtion rule. For instnce, the Substitution Rule for integrtion corresponds to the Chin Rule for differentition.

More information

Improper Integrals. MATH 211, Calculus II. J. Robert Buchanan. Spring Department of Mathematics

Improper Integrals. MATH 211, Calculus II. J. Robert Buchanan. Spring Department of Mathematics Improper Integrls MATH 2, Clculus II J. Robert Buchnn Deprtment of Mthemtics Spring 28 Definite Integrls Theorem (Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus (Prt I)) If f is continuous on [, b] then b f (x) dx = [F(x)]

More information

1 PYTHAGORAS THEOREM 1. Given a right angled triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides.

1 PYTHAGORAS THEOREM 1. Given a right angled triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides. 1 PYTHAGORAS THEOREM 1 1 Pythgors Theorem In this setion we will present geometri proof of the fmous theorem of Pythgors. Given right ngled tringle, the squre of the hypotenuse is equl to the sum of the

More information

AP Calculus AB Unit 4 Assessment

AP Calculus AB Unit 4 Assessment Clss: Dte: 0-04 AP Clulus AB Unit 4 Assessment Multiple Choie Identify the hoie tht best ompletes the sttement or nswers the question. A lultor my NOT be used on this prt of the exm. (6 minutes). The slope

More information

Project 6: Minigoals Towards Simplifying and Rewriting Expressions

Project 6: Minigoals Towards Simplifying and Rewriting Expressions MAT 51 Wldis Projet 6: Minigols Towrds Simplifying nd Rewriting Expressions The distriutive property nd like terms You hve proly lerned in previous lsses out dding like terms ut one prolem with the wy

More information

Calculus Module C21. Areas by Integration. Copyright This publication The Northern Alberta Institute of Technology All Rights Reserved.

Calculus Module C21. Areas by Integration. Copyright This publication The Northern Alberta Institute of Technology All Rights Reserved. Clculus Module C Ares Integrtion Copright This puliction The Northern Alert Institute of Technolog 7. All Rights Reserved. LAST REVISED Mrch, 9 Introduction to Ares Integrtion Sttement of Prerequisite

More information

Review Exercises for Chapter 4

Review Exercises for Chapter 4 _R.qd // : PM Pge CHAPTER Integrtion Review Eercises for Chpter In Eercises nd, use the grph of to sketch grph of f. To print n enlrged cop of the grph, go to the wesite www.mthgrphs.com... In Eercises

More information

Math& 152 Section Integration by Parts

Math& 152 Section Integration by Parts Mth& 5 Section 7. - Integrtion by Prts Integrtion by prts is rule tht trnsforms the integrl of the product of two functions into other (idelly simpler) integrls. Recll from Clculus I tht given two differentible

More information

( ) { } [ ] { } [ ) { } ( ] { }

( ) { } [ ] { } [ ) { } ( ] { } Mth 65 Prelulus Review Properties of Inequlities 1. > nd > >. > + > +. > nd > 0 > 4. > nd < 0 < Asolute Vlue, if 0, if < 0 Properties of Asolute Vlue > 0 1. < < > or

More information

1 Techniques of Integration

1 Techniques of Integration November 8, 8 MAT86 Week Justin Ko Techniques of Integrtion. Integrtion By Substitution (Chnge of Vribles) We cn think of integrtion by substitution s the counterprt of the chin rule for differentition.

More information

MATH 144: Business Calculus Final Review

MATH 144: Business Calculus Final Review MATH 144: Business Clculus Finl Review 1 Skills 1. Clculte severl limits. 2. Find verticl nd horizontl symptotes for given rtionl function. 3. Clculte derivtive by definition. 4. Clculte severl derivtives

More information

Chapter 1: Logarithmic functions and indices

Chapter 1: Logarithmic functions and indices Chpter : Logrithmic functions nd indices. You cn simplify epressions y using rules of indices m n m n m n m n ( m ) n mn m m m m n m m n Emple Simplify these epressions: 5 r r c 4 4 d 6 5 e ( ) f ( ) 4

More information

Disclaimer: This Final Exam Study Guide is meant to help you start studying. It is not necessarily a complete list of everything you need to know.

Disclaimer: This Final Exam Study Guide is meant to help you start studying. It is not necessarily a complete list of everything you need to know. Disclimer: This is ment to help you strt studying. It is not necessrily complete list of everything you need to know. The MTH 33 finl exm minly consists of stndrd response questions where students must

More information

A-Level Mathematics Transition Task (compulsory for all maths students and all further maths student)

A-Level Mathematics Transition Task (compulsory for all maths students and all further maths student) A-Level Mthemtics Trnsition Tsk (compulsory for ll mths students nd ll further mths student) Due: st Lesson of the yer. Length: - hours work (depending on prior knowledge) This trnsition tsk provides revision

More information

If u = g(x) is a differentiable function whose range is an interval I and f is continuous on I, then f(g(x))g (x) dx = f(u) du

If u = g(x) is a differentiable function whose range is an interval I and f is continuous on I, then f(g(x))g (x) dx = f(u) du Integrtion by Substitution: The Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus demonstrted the importnce of being ble to find nti-derivtives. We now introduce some methods for finding ntiderivtives: If u = g(x) is differentible

More information

MATH Final Review

MATH Final Review MATH 1591 - Finl Review November 20, 2005 1 Evlution of Limits 1. the ε δ definition of limit. 2. properties of limits. 3. how to use the diret substitution to find limit. 4. how to use the dividing out

More information

Green s Theorem. (2x e y ) da. (2x e y ) dx dy. x 2 xe y. (1 e y ) dy. y=1. = y e y. y=0. = 2 e

Green s Theorem. (2x e y ) da. (2x e y ) dx dy. x 2 xe y. (1 e y ) dy. y=1. = y e y. y=0. = 2 e Green s Theorem. Let be the boundry of the unit squre, y, oriented ounterlokwise, nd let F be the vetor field F, y e y +, 2 y. Find F d r. Solution. Let s write P, y e y + nd Q, y 2 y, so tht F P, Q. Let

More information

Section 7.1 Area of a Region Between Two Curves

Section 7.1 Area of a Region Between Two Curves Section 7.1 Are of Region Between Two Curves White Bord Chllenge The circle elow is inscried into squre: Clcultor 0 cm Wht is the shded re? 400 100 85.841cm White Bord Chllenge Find the re of the region

More information

5. Every rational number have either terminating or repeating (recurring) decimal representation.

5. Every rational number have either terminating or repeating (recurring) decimal representation. CHAPTER NUMBER SYSTEMS Points to Rememer :. Numer used for ounting,,,,... re known s Nturl numers.. All nturl numers together with zero i.e. 0,,,,,... re known s whole numers.. All nturl numers, zero nd

More information

QUADRATIC EQUATION EXERCISE - 01 CHECK YOUR GRASP

QUADRATIC EQUATION EXERCISE - 01 CHECK YOUR GRASP QUADRATIC EQUATION EXERCISE - 0 CHECK YOUR GRASP. Sine sum of oeffiients 0. Hint : It's one root is nd other root is 8 nd 5 5. tn other root 9. q 4p 0 q p q p, q 4 p,,, 4 Hene 7 vlues of (p, q) 7 equtions

More information

AP Calculus BC Chapter 8: Integration Techniques, L Hopital s Rule and Improper Integrals

AP Calculus BC Chapter 8: Integration Techniques, L Hopital s Rule and Improper Integrals AP Calculus BC Chapter 8: Integration Techniques, L Hopital s Rule and Improper Integrals 8. Basic Integration Rules In this section we will review various integration strategies. Strategies: I. Separate

More information

Surds and Indices. Surds and Indices. Curriculum Ready ACMNA: 233,

Surds and Indices. Surds and Indices. Curriculum Ready ACMNA: 233, Surs n Inies Surs n Inies Curriulum Rey ACMNA:, 6 www.mthletis.om Surs SURDS & & Inies INDICES Inies n surs re very losely relte. A numer uner (squre root sign) is lle sur if the squre root n t e simplifie.

More information

CALCULUS STUDY MATERIAL. B.Sc. MATHEMATICS III SEMESTER UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION

CALCULUS STUDY MATERIAL. B.Sc. MATHEMATICS III SEMESTER UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION CALCULUS STUDY MATERIAL BS MATHEMATICS III SEMESTER UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION CALICUT UNIVERSITY PO MALAPPURAM, KERALA, INDIA - 67 65 5 UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT SCHOOL OF DISTANCE

More information

HOMEWORK SOLUTIONS MATH 1910 Sections 7.9, 8.1 Fall 2016

HOMEWORK SOLUTIONS MATH 1910 Sections 7.9, 8.1 Fall 2016 HOMEWORK SOLUTIONS MATH 9 Sections 7.9, 8. Fll 6 Problem 7.9.33 Show tht for ny constnts M,, nd, the function yt) = )) t ) M + tnh stisfies the logistic eqution: y SOLUTION. Let Then nd Finlly, y = y M

More information

12.4 Similarity in Right Triangles

12.4 Similarity in Right Triangles Nme lss Dte 12.4 Similrit in Right Tringles Essentil Question: How does the ltitude to the hpotenuse of right tringle help ou use similr right tringles to solve prolems? Eplore Identifing Similrit in Right

More information

Formulae For. Standard Formulae Of Integrals: x dx k, n 1. log. a dx a k. cosec x.cot xdx cosec. e dx e k. sec. ax dx ax k. 1 1 a x.

Formulae For. Standard Formulae Of Integrals: x dx k, n 1. log. a dx a k. cosec x.cot xdx cosec. e dx e k. sec. ax dx ax k. 1 1 a x. Forule For Stndrd Forule Of Integrls: u Integrl Clculus By OP Gupt [Indir Awrd Winner, +9-965 35 48] A B C D n n k, n n log k k log e e k k E sin cos k F cos sin G tn log sec k OR log cos k H cot log sin

More information

Before we can begin Ch. 3 on Radicals, we need to be familiar with perfect squares, cubes, etc. Try and do as many as you can without a calculator!!!

Before we can begin Ch. 3 on Radicals, we need to be familiar with perfect squares, cubes, etc. Try and do as many as you can without a calculator!!! Nme: Algebr II Honors Pre-Chpter Homework Before we cn begin Ch on Rdicls, we need to be fmilir with perfect squres, cubes, etc Try nd do s mny s you cn without clcultor!!! n The nth root of n n Be ble

More information

INTEGRATION. 1 Integrals of Complex Valued functions of a REAL variable

INTEGRATION. 1 Integrals of Complex Valued functions of a REAL variable INTEGRATION NOTE: These notes re supposed to supplement Chpter 4 of the online textbook. 1 Integrls of Complex Vlued funtions of REAL vrible If I is n intervl in R (for exmple I = [, b] or I = (, b)) nd

More information

Introduction to Algebra - Part 2

Introduction to Algebra - Part 2 Alger Module A Introduction to Alger - Prt Copright This puliction The Northern Alert Institute of Technolog 00. All Rights Reserved. LAST REVISED Oct., 008 Introduction to Alger - Prt Sttement of Prerequisite

More information

RAM RAJYA MORE, SIWAN. XI th, XII th, TARGET IIT-JEE (MAIN + ADVANCE) & COMPATETIVE EXAM FOR XII (PQRS) INDEFINITE INTERATION & Their Properties

RAM RAJYA MORE, SIWAN. XI th, XII th, TARGET IIT-JEE (MAIN + ADVANCE) & COMPATETIVE EXAM FOR XII (PQRS) INDEFINITE INTERATION & Their Properties M.Sc. (Mths), B.Ed, M.Phil (Mths) MATHEMATICS Mob. : 947084408 9546359990 M.Sc. (Mths), B.Ed, M.Phil (Mths) RAM RAJYA MORE, SIWAN XI th, XII th, TARGET IIT-JEE (MAIN + ADVANCE) & COMPATETIVE EXAM FOR XII

More information

( ) Same as above but m = f x = f x - symmetric to y-axis. find where f ( x) Relative: Find where f ( x) x a + lim exists ( lim f exists.

( ) Same as above but m = f x = f x - symmetric to y-axis. find where f ( x) Relative: Find where f ( x) x a + lim exists ( lim f exists. AP Clculus Finl Review Sheet solutions When you see the words This is wht you think of doing Find the zeros Set function =, fctor or use qudrtic eqution if qudrtic, grph to find zeros on clcultor Find

More information

Factorising FACTORISING.

Factorising FACTORISING. Ftorising FACTORISING www.mthletis.om.u Ftorising FACTORISING Ftorising is the opposite of expning. It is the proess of putting expressions into rkets rther thn expning them out. In this setion you will

More information

2.4 Linear Inequalities and Interval Notation

2.4 Linear Inequalities and Interval Notation .4 Liner Inequlities nd Intervl Nottion We wnt to solve equtions tht hve n inequlity symol insted of n equl sign. There re four inequlity symols tht we will look t: Less thn , Less thn or

More information

Core 2 Logarithms and exponentials. Section 1: Introduction to logarithms

Core 2 Logarithms and exponentials. Section 1: Introduction to logarithms Core Logrithms nd eponentils Setion : Introdution to logrithms Notes nd Emples These notes ontin subsetions on Indies nd logrithms The lws of logrithms Eponentil funtions This is n emple resoure from MEI

More information

Lesson 1: Quadratic Equations

Lesson 1: Quadratic Equations Lesson 1: Qudrtic Equtions Qudrtic Eqution: The qudrtic eqution in form is. In this section, we will review 4 methods of qudrtic equtions, nd when it is most to use ech method. 1. 3.. 4. Method 1: Fctoring

More information

Mat 210 Updated on April 28, 2013

Mat 210 Updated on April 28, 2013 Mt Brief Clculus Mt Updted on April 8, Alger: m n / / m n m n / mn n m n m n n ( ) ( )( ) n terms n n n n n n ( )( ) Common denomintor: ( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) Prctice prolems: Simplify using common

More information

MCH T 111 Handout Triangle Review Page 1 of 3

MCH T 111 Handout Triangle Review Page 1 of 3 Hnout Tringle Review Pge of 3 In the stuy of sttis, it is importnt tht you e le to solve lgeri equtions n tringle prolems using trigonometry. The following is review of trigonometry sis. Right Tringle:

More information

( ) as a fraction. Determine location of the highest

( ) as a fraction. Determine location of the highest AB/ Clulus Exm Review Sheet Solutions A Prelulus Type prolems A1 A A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 This is wht you think of doing Find the zeros of f( x) Set funtion equl to Ftor or use qudrti eqution if qudrti Grph to

More information

Unit 5. Integration techniques

Unit 5. Integration techniques 18.01 EXERCISES Unit 5. Integrtion techniques 5A. Inverse trigonometric functions; Hyperbolic functions 5A-1 Evlute ) tn 1 3 b) sin 1 ( 3/) c) If θ = tn 1 5, then evlute sin θ, cos θ, cot θ, csc θ, nd

More information

4.6 Numerical Integration

4.6 Numerical Integration .6 Numericl Integrtion 5.6 Numericl Integrtion Approimte definite integrl using the Trpezoidl Rule. Approimte definite integrl using Simpson s Rule. Anlze the pproimte errors in the Trpezoidl Rule nd Simpson

More information

50 AMC Lectures Problem Book 2 (36) Substitution Method

50 AMC Lectures Problem Book 2 (36) Substitution Method 0 AMC Letures Prolem Book Sustitution Metho PROBLEMS Prolem : Solve for rel : 9 + 99 + 9 = Prolem : Solve for rel : 0 9 8 8 Prolem : Show tht if 8 Prolem : Show tht + + if rel numers,, n stisf + + = Prolem

More information

Green function and Eigenfunctions

Green function and Eigenfunctions Green function nd Eigenfunctions Let L e regulr Sturm-Liouville opertor on n intervl (, ) together with regulr oundry conditions. We denote y, φ ( n, x ) the eigenvlues nd corresponding normlized eigenfunctions

More information

Matrices SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & BUILT ENVIRONMENT. Mathematics (c) 1. Definition of a Matrix

Matrices SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & BUILT ENVIRONMENT. Mathematics (c) 1. Definition of a Matrix tries Definition of tri mtri is regulr rry of numers enlosed inside rkets SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & UIL ENVIRONEN Emple he following re ll mtries: ), ) 9, themtis ), d) tries Definition of tri Size of tri

More information

The Trapezoidal Rule

The Trapezoidal Rule _.qd // : PM Pge 9 SECTION. Numericl Integrtion 9 f Section. The re of the region cn e pproimted using four trpezoids. Figure. = f( ) f( ) n The re of the first trpezoid is f f n. Figure. = Numericl Integrtion

More information

Calculus AB Section I Part A A CALCULATOR MAY NOT BE USED ON THIS PART OF THE EXAMINATION

Calculus AB Section I Part A A CALCULATOR MAY NOT BE USED ON THIS PART OF THE EXAMINATION lculus Section I Prt LULTOR MY NOT US ON THIS PRT OF TH XMINTION In this test: Unless otherwise specified, the domin of function f is ssumed to e the set of ll rel numers for which f () is rel numer..

More information

The practical version

The practical version Roerto s Notes on Integrl Clculus Chpter 4: Definite integrls nd the FTC Section 7 The Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus: The prcticl version Wht you need to know lredy: The theoreticl version of the FTC. Wht

More information

Algebraic fractions. This unit will help you to work with algebraic fractions and solve equations. rs r s 2. x x.

Algebraic fractions. This unit will help you to work with algebraic fractions and solve equations. rs r s 2. x x. Get strted 25 Algeri frtions This unit will help you to work with lgeri frtions nd solve equtions. AO1 Flueny hek 1 Ftorise 2 2 5 2 25 2 6 5 d 2 2 6 2 Simplify 2 6 3 rs r s 2 d 8 2 y 3 6 y 2 3 Write s

More information

Chapter 6 Notes, Larson/Hostetler 3e

Chapter 6 Notes, Larson/Hostetler 3e Contents 6. Antiderivtives nd the Rules of Integrtion.......................... 6. Are nd the Definite Integrl.................................. 6.. Are............................................ 6. Reimnn

More information

MAT 403 NOTES 4. f + f =

MAT 403 NOTES 4. f + f = MAT 403 NOTES 4 1. Fundmentl Theorem o Clulus We will proo more generl version o the FTC thn the textook. But just like the textook, we strt with the ollowing proposition. Let R[, ] e the set o Riemnn

More information

Introduction to Olympiad Inequalities

Introduction to Olympiad Inequalities Introdution to Olympid Inequlities Edutionl Studies Progrm HSSP Msshusetts Institute of Tehnology Snj Simonovikj Spring 207 Contents Wrm up nd Am-Gm inequlity 2. Elementry inequlities......................

More information

ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS. The real numbers have the following properties: a b c ab ac

ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS. The real numbers have the following properties: a b c ab ac REVIEW OF ALGEBRA Here we review the bsic rules nd procedures of lgebr tht you need to know in order to be successful in clculus. ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS The rel numbers hve the following properties: b b

More information

Similar Right Triangles

Similar Right Triangles Geometry V1.noteook Ferury 09, 2012 Similr Right Tringles Cn I identify similr tringles in right tringle with the ltitude? Cn I identify the proportions in right tringles? Cn I use the geometri mens theorems

More information

5.5 The Substitution Rule

5.5 The Substitution Rule 5.5 The Substitution Rule Given the usefulness of the Fundmentl Theorem, we wnt some helpful methods for finding ntiderivtives. At the moment, if n nti-derivtive is not esily recognizble, then we re in

More information

TO: Next Year s AP Calculus Students

TO: Next Year s AP Calculus Students TO: Net Yer s AP Clculus Students As you probbly know, the students who tke AP Clculus AB nd pss the Advnced Plcement Test will plce out of one semester of college Clculus; those who tke AP Clculus BC

More information

Section - 2 MORE PROPERTIES

Section - 2 MORE PROPERTIES LOCUS Section - MORE PROPERTES n section -, we delt with some sic properties tht definite integrls stisf. This section continues with the development of some more properties tht re not so trivil, nd, when

More information