Math Exam 1 Solutions October 12, 2010
|
|
- Dominic Carroll
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Math Exam 1 Solutions October 1, 1 As can easily be expected, the solutions provided below are not the only ways to solve these problems, and other solutions may be completely valid. If you have questions about what went wrong (or right!) with your own solutions, please talk to me about it so that you will improve on the next exam and the final. 1. [14 points] (a) Let H { a m a, m Z, m }. Show that H is a subgroup of Q under addition. (b) Show that Q + is not a subgroup of Q under addition. Solution: (a) To show that H is a subgroup of Q, we need to show that (i) H is closed under addition; (ii) H; and (iii) H is closed under additive inverses. To see (i), we let a b, m H, with a, b Z and m, n Z +. We then see n a m + b n a n + b m m+n. Since a n +b m Z and m+n, we see that a + b m H. For (ii), certainly H. n a 1 For (iii), if H, then its additive inverse is a n a n, which is also in H. n (b) There are essentially two ways to solve this problem. For the first way, we know that if Q + is a subgroup of Q under addition then they must share the same identity element. The identity of Q is, but / Q +. For the second way, we show that Q + is not closed under additive inverses in Q. For example, Q +, but / Q +. {( ) a. [(a) 8 points; (b) 5 points] Let L M c d (R) }. ad (a) Show that L is a group under matrix multiplication. multiplication is associative.) (b) Is L abelian? Why or why not? (You may assume that matrix Solution: (a) Essentially we show that L is a subgroup of GL(, R). So we need to show that (i) L is closed under matrix multiplication; (ii) L contains an identity element; and (iii) L is closed under inverses. For (i), we let ( ) ( a c d, e ) g h L. We multiply and find ( ) ( ) ( ) a e ae. c d g h ce + dg dh Since (ae)(dh) (ad)(eh) and ad, eh, we see that (ae)(dh), and so the product is indeed in L. Thus L is closed under matrix multiplication. For (ii), we see that the identity matrix I ( 1 1 ) is clearly in L. For (iii), if we are given A ( ) a c d L, we want to show that
2 A 1 L. (We know that A is invertible in GL(, R) because it has non-zero determinant, but we need to show that the inverse is actually in L.) To this end, we calculate that ( ) 1 ( A 1 a 1 a c d c ad which is lower triangular and has non-zero determinant. Thus A 1 L. (b) L is not abelian. To see this we provide a counterexample: ( ) ( ) ( ) whereas ( ) ( ) d ), ( ). 1 [It is not sufficient to simply say that matrix multiplication is not commutative, because L does not contain all matrices. For example, if L had happened to be the set of all diagonal matrices (so putting a in the lower left entry as well as the upper right), then those matrices form an abelian subgroup of GL(, R).] 3. [14 points] In this problem let α e πi/5 U 5. (a) Find all solutions of z 5 i for z C. Write your answer(s) in the form e iθ, θ R. (b) Define an isomorphism φ : Z 5 U 5 such that φ(3) α (where Z 5 is a group under + 5 ). Explain how you arrive at your answer, but you need not supply a formal proof. Solution: (a) We know that i e πi/, and so ( e πi/) 1/5 e πi/1 is a 5-th root of i. [In fact, i already a 5-th root of itself, but it was not necessary to observe this.] Therefore, the roots of z 5 i are the five numbers { e πi/1, αe πi/1, α e πi/1, α 3 e πi/1, α 4 e πi/1} { e πi/1, e 5πi/1, e 9πi/1, e 13πi/1, e 17πi/1}. (b) We make use of the homomorphism property of φ, namely that for all x, y Z 5, we have φ(x + 5 y) φ(x)φ(y). Since we require that φ(3) α, it then follows that we must have φ(1) φ( ) φ(3)φ(3) α, φ(4) φ( ) φ(3) 3 α 3, 4. [14 points] Fun with binary operations. φ() φ( ) φ(3) 4 α 4, φ() φ( ) φ(3) 5 α 5 1. (a) Suppose we define a binary operation on R + by a b a + b. associative? Why or why not? (b) Suppose we define a binary operation on R + by a b binary operation? Why or why not? 1 Is this operation bxe ax dx. Is this a well-defined
3 Solution: (a) No this operation is not associative. We provide a counterexample, taking a 1, b 3, c 6. Then a (b c) , whereas (a b) c (b) Yes, it is well-defined. First, given a, b R +, the function f(x) bxe ax is a continuous function and f(x) for all x in [, 1]. Therefore, a b 1 bxe ax dx is always a non-negative real number. Thus we need only show that a b >. There are various ways to do this (integrate by parts, estimation, etc.), but here is one way. Since f(x) only for x in [, 1], the integral above represents the area of between the graph of y f(x) in the first quadrant above the interval [, 1]. This is necessarily positive. 5. [1 points] Consider the group Z 4 under + 4. (a) Determine the order of the subgroup 35. (b) Which of 8, 19, and 1 generate Z 4. Why? (c) Determine all elements of Z 4 of order 7. Solution: (a) By a theorem from class (or Thm in Fraleigh), we know that for a cyclic group a of order n, we have a r n gcd(r, n). Therefore in Z 4 1, which is written additively, we have 35 4 gcd(35, 4) (b) One of the corollaries to the theorem above is that the generators of the cyclic group a are all elements of the form a r with gcd(r, n) 1. Therefore, the elements of Z 4 that are relatively prime to 4 will generate Z 4. Among the numbers we are given, 19 is relatively prime to 4 (and so is a generator), but 8 and 1 are not (and so are not generators). (c) Using the same theorem from part (a), we see that a Z 4 has order 7 if and only if 4 gcd(a,4) 7, which is true if and only if gcd(a, 4) 6. The numbers in Z 4 {, 1,..., 41} that have gcd 6 with 4 are 6, 1, 18, 4, 3, and 36.
4 6. [(a) 4 points; (b) 1 points; (c) 4 points] Suppose G is a group of order 8 containing two elements, A and B, such that A has order 4, and B has order, BAB A 3, G {e, A, A, A 3, B, AB, A B, A 3 B}. (a) Show that BA B A and BA 3 B A. (b) Write down the multiplication table for G. You do not need to justify all of your work, but do write elements of G in the first row and column in the order e, A, A, A 3, B, AB, A B, A 3 B. (c) (Extra Credit) Is G isomorphic to the quaternion group H 8? Why or why not? Solution: (a) We know that A 4 e and B e, and in particular A 1 A 3 and B 1 B. Now using BAB A 3, we see that (BAB)(BAB) (A 3 )(A 3 ), BAB AB A 6, BA B A. Likewise, if we invert both sides of BAB A 3, we see that (BAB) 1 (A 3 ) 1, B 1 A 1 B 1 A 3, BA 3 B A. (b) To write down the multiplication table for G, we use the following relations obtained from part (a) and the given information: A 4 e, B e, BA A 3 B, BA A B, and BA 3 AB. The multiplication table is then the following. e A A A 3 B AB A B A 3 B e e A A A 3 B AB A B A 3 B A A A A 3 e AB A B A 3 B B A A A 3 e A A B A 3 B B AB A 3 A 3 e A A A 3 B B AB A B B B A 3 B A B AB e A 3 A A AB AB B A 3 B A B A e A 3 A A B A B AB B A 3 B A A e A 3 A 3 B A 3 B A B AB B A 3 A A e
5 7. [1 points] Suppose G is an abelian group, and let H {a G a a 1 }. Show that H G. Solution: We need to show that (i) H is closed under multiplication in G; (ii) e H; and (iii) H is closed under inverses. To show (i), we let a, b H. Then (ab) 1 b 1 a 1, ba (because a, b H), ab (because G abelian). Therefore ab H, and so H is closed under multiplication in G. To see (ii), we simply observer that e 1 e, and so yes, e H. For (iii), we let a H. Since a a 1 by the definition of H and a H, indeed a 1 H.
Discrete Mathematics with Applications MATH236
Discrete Mathematics with Applications MATH236 Dr. Hung P. Tong-Viet School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg Campus Semester 1, 2013 Tong-Viet
More informationMath 313 (Linear Algebra) Exam 2 - Practice Exam
Name: Student ID: Section: Instructor: Math 313 (Linear Algebra) Exam 2 - Practice Exam Instructions: For questions which require a written answer, show all your work. Full credit will be given only if
More informationMATH 420 FINAL EXAM J. Beachy, 5/7/97
MATH 420 FINAL EXAM J. Beachy, 5/7/97 1. (a) For positive integers a and b, define gcd(a, b). (b) Compute gcd(1776, 1492). (c) Show that if a, b, c are positive integers, then gcd(a, bc) = 1 if and only
More information5 Group theory. 5.1 Binary operations
5 Group theory This section is an introduction to abstract algebra. This is a very useful and important subject for those of you who will continue to study pure mathematics. 5.1 Binary operations 5.1.1
More informationName: Solutions Final Exam
Instructions. Answer each of the questions on your own paper, and be sure to show your work so that partial credit can be adequately assessed. Put your name on each page of your paper. 1. [10 Points] For
More informationMath 3121, A Summary of Sections 0,1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9
Math 3121, A Summary of Sections 0,1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9 Section 0. Sets and Relations Subset of a set, B A, B A (Definition 0.1). Cartesian product of sets A B ( Defintion 0.4). Relation (Defintion 0.7). Function,
More informationAlgebra homework 6 Homomorphisms, isomorphisms
MATH-UA.343.005 T.A. Louis Guigo Algebra homework 6 Homomorphisms, isomorphisms Exercise 1. Show that the following maps are group homomorphisms and compute their kernels. (a f : (R, (GL 2 (R, given by
More informationName: MATH 3195 :: Fall 2011 :: Exam 2. No document, no calculator, 1h00. Explanations and justifications are expected for full credit.
Name: MATH 3195 :: Fall 2011 :: Exam 2 No document, no calculator, 1h00. Explanations and justifications are expected for full credit. 1. ( 4 pts) Say which matrix is in row echelon form and which is not.
More informationMath 546, Exam 2 Information.
Math 546, Exam 2 Information. 10/21/09, LC 303B, 10:10-11:00. Exam 2 will be based on: Sections 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5; The corresponding assigned homework problems (see http://www.math.sc.edu/ boylan/sccourses/546fa09/546.html)
More informationMath 4310 Solutions to homework 1 Due 9/1/16
Math 0 Solutions to homework Due 9//6. An element [a] Z/nZ is idempotent if [a] 2 [a]. Find all idempotent elements in Z/0Z and in Z/Z. Solution. First note we clearly have [0] 2 [0] so [0] is idempotent
More informationAlgebraic structures I
MTH5100 Assignment 1-10 Algebraic structures I For handing in on various dates January March 2011 1 FUNCTIONS. Say which of the following rules successfully define functions, giving reasons. For each one
More informationPart IV. Rings and Fields
IV.18 Rings and Fields 1 Part IV. Rings and Fields Section IV.18. Rings and Fields Note. Roughly put, modern algebra deals with three types of structures: groups, rings, and fields. In this section we
More informationHomework #11 Solutions
Homework #11 Solutions p 166, #18 We start by counting the elements in D m and D n, respectively, of order 2. If x D m and x 2 then either x is a flip or x is a rotation of order 2. The subgroup of rotations
More informationNAME MATH 304 Examination 2 Page 1
NAME MATH 4 Examination 2 Page. [8 points (a) Find the following determinant. However, use only properties of determinants, without calculating directly (that is without expanding along a column or row
More informationAN ALGEBRA PRIMER WITH A VIEW TOWARD CURVES OVER FINITE FIELDS
AN ALGEBRA PRIMER WITH A VIEW TOWARD CURVES OVER FINITE FIELDS The integers are the set 1. Groups, Rings, and Fields: Basic Examples Z := {..., 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3,...}, and we can add, subtract, and multiply
More informationJanuary 2016 Qualifying Examination
January 2016 Qualifying Examination If you have any difficulty with the wording of the following problems please contact the supervisor immediately. All persons responsible for these problems, in principle,
More informationProblem 1. Let I and J be ideals in a ring commutative ring R with 1 R. Recall
I. Take-Home Portion: Math 350 Final Exam Due by 5:00pm on Tues. 5/12/15 No resources/devices other than our class textbook and class notes/handouts may be used. You must work alone. Choose any 5 problems
More information18.312: Algebraic Combinatorics Lionel Levine. Lecture 22. Smith normal form of an integer matrix (linear algebra over Z).
18.312: Algebraic Combinatorics Lionel Levine Lecture date: May 3, 2011 Lecture 22 Notes by: Lou Odette This lecture: Smith normal form of an integer matrix (linear algebra over Z). 1 Review of Abelian
More informationAlgebraic Structures Exam File Fall 2013 Exam #1
Algebraic Structures Exam File Fall 2013 Exam #1 1.) Find all four solutions to the equation x 4 + 16 = 0. Give your answers as complex numbers in standard form, a + bi. 2.) Do the following. a.) Write
More informationMATH 326: RINGS AND MODULES STEFAN GILLE
MATH 326: RINGS AND MODULES STEFAN GILLE 1 2 STEFAN GILLE 1. Rings We recall first the definition of a group. 1.1. Definition. Let G be a non empty set. The set G is called a group if there is a map called
More informationChapter 5. Modular arithmetic. 5.1 The modular ring
Chapter 5 Modular arithmetic 5.1 The modular ring Definition 5.1. Suppose n N and x, y Z. Then we say that x, y are equivalent modulo n, and we write x y mod n if n x y. It is evident that equivalence
More informationMATH HL OPTION - REVISION SETS, RELATIONS AND GROUPS Compiled by: Christos Nikolaidis
MATH HL OPTION - REVISION SETS, RELATIONS AND GROUPS Compiled by: Christos Nikolaidis PART B: GROUPS GROUPS 1. ab The binary operation a * b is defined by a * b = a+ b +. (a) Prove that * is associative.
More informationAbstract Algebra FINAL EXAM May 23, Name: R. Hammack Score:
Abstract Algebra FINAL EXAM May 23, 2003 Name: R. Hammack Score: Directions: Please answer the questions in the space provided. To get full credit you must show all of your work. Use of calculators and
More informationNumber Theory Math 420 Silverman Exam #1 February 27, 2018
Name: Number Theory Math 420 Silverman Exam #1 February 27, 2018 INSTRUCTIONS Read Carefully Time: 50 minutes There are 5 problems. Write your name neatly at the top of this page. Write your final answer
More informationHOMEWORK 4 SOLUTIONS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS
HOMEWORK 4 SOLUTIONS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS 1. Chapter 3, Problem 18 (Graded) Let H and K be subgroups of G. Then e, the identity, must be in H and K, so it must be in H K. Thus, H K is nonempty, so we can
More informationSection II.1. Free Abelian Groups
II.1. Free Abelian Groups 1 Section II.1. Free Abelian Groups Note. This section and the next, are independent of the rest of this chapter. The primary use of the results of this chapter is in the proof
More informationFinitely Generated Modules over a PID, I
Finitely Generated Modules over a PID, I A will throughout be a fixed PID. We will develop the structure theory for finitely generated A-modules. Lemma 1 Any submodule M F of a free A-module is itself
More information3.4 Isomorphisms. 3.4 J.A.Beachy 1. from A Study Guide for Beginner s by J.A.Beachy, a supplement to Abstract Algebra by Beachy / Blair
3.4 J.A.Beachy 1 3.4 Isomorphisms from A Study Guide for Beginner s by J.A.Beachy, a supplement to Abstract Algebra by Beachy / Blair 29. Show that Z 17 is isomorphic to Z 16. Comment: The introduction
More informationEXAM 3 MAT 423 Modern Algebra I Fall c d a + c (b + d) d c ad + bc ac bd
EXAM 3 MAT 23 Modern Algebra I Fall 201 Name: Section: I All answers must include either supporting work or an explanation of your reasoning. MPORTANT: These elements are considered main part of the answer
More informationExam I, MTH 320: Abstract Algebra I, Spring 2012
Name, ID Abstract Algebra, Math 320, Spring 2012, 1 3 copyright Ayman Badawi 2012 Exam I, MTH 320: Abstract Algebra I, Spring 2012 Ayman Badawi QUESTION 1. a) Let G = (Z, +). We know that H =< 6 > < 16
More informationNote that a unit is unique: 1 = 11 = 1. Examples: Nonnegative integers under addition; all integers under multiplication.
Algebra fact sheet An algebraic structure (such as group, ring, field, etc.) is a set with some operations and distinguished elements (such as 0, 1) satisfying some axioms. This is a fact sheet with definitions
More informationName: Solutions Final Exam
Instructions. Answer each of the questions on your own paper. Be sure to show your work so that partial credit can be adequately assessed. Put your name on each page of your paper. 1. [10 Points] All of
More informationMath 353, Practice Midterm 1
Math 353, Practice Midterm Name: This exam consists of 8 pages including this front page Ground Rules No calculator is allowed 2 Show your work for every problem unless otherwise stated Score 2 2 3 5 4
More informationMath 375 First Exam, Page a) Give an example of a non-abelian group of innite order and one of nite order. (Say which is
Math 375 First Exam, Page 1 1. a) Give an example of a non-abelian group of innite order and one of nite order. (Say which is which.) b) Find the order of each element inu(5), the group of units mod 5.
More informationMath 547, Exam 1 Information.
Math 547, Exam 1 Information. 2/10/10, LC 303B, 10:10-11:00. Exam 1 will be based on: Sections 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 9.1; The corresponding assigned homework problems (see http://www.math.sc.edu/ boylan/sccourses/547sp10/547.html)
More information(Think: three copies of C) i j = k = j i, j k = i = k j, k i = j = i k.
Warm-up: The quaternion group, denoted Q 8, is the set {1, 1, i, i, j, j, k, k} with product given by 1 a = a 1 = a a Q 8, ( 1) ( 1) = 1, i 2 = j 2 = k 2 = 1, ( 1) a = a ( 1) = a a Q 8, (Think: three copies
More informationGroups. s t or s t or even st rather than f(s,t).
Groups Definition. A binary operation on a set S is a function which takes a pair of elements s,t S and produces another element f(s,t) S. That is, a binary operation is a function f : S S S. Binary operations
More information* 8 Groups, with Appendix containing Rings and Fields.
* 8 Groups, with Appendix containing Rings and Fields Binary Operations Definition We say that is a binary operation on a set S if, and only if, a, b, a b S Implicit in this definition is the idea that
More informationAnswers to Final Exam
Answers to Final Exam MA441: Algebraic Structures I 20 December 2003 1) Definitions (20 points) 1. Given a subgroup H G, define the quotient group G/H. (Describe the set and the group operation.) The quotient
More informationZachary Scherr Math 370 HW 7 Solutions
1 Book Problems 1. 2.7.4b Solution: Let U 1 {u 1 u U} and let S U U 1. Then (U) is the set of all elements of G which are finite products of elements of S. We are told that for any u U and g G we have
More information0 Sets and Induction. Sets
0 Sets and Induction Sets A set is an unordered collection of objects, called elements or members of the set. A set is said to contain its elements. We write a A to denote that a is an element of the set
More informationMTH5112 Linear Algebra I MTH5212 Applied Linear Algebra (2017/2018)
MTH5112 Linear Algebra I MTH5212 Applied Linear Algebra (2017/2018) COURSEWORK 3 SOLUTIONS Exercise ( ) 1. (a) Write A = (a ij ) n n and B = (b ij ) n n. Since A and B are diagonal, we have a ij = 0 and
More informationφ(xy) = (xy) n = x n y n = φ(x)φ(y)
Groups 1. (Algebra Comp S03) Let A, B and C be normal subgroups of a group G with A B. If A C = B C and AC = BC then prove that A = B. Let b B. Since b = b1 BC = AC, there are a A and c C such that b =
More informationMath 2070BC Term 2 Weeks 1 13 Lecture Notes
Math 2070BC 2017 18 Term 2 Weeks 1 13 Lecture Notes Keywords: group operation multiplication associative identity element inverse commutative abelian group Special Linear Group order infinite order cyclic
More informationHomework #2 solutions Due: June 15, 2012
All of the following exercises are based on the material in the handout on integers found on the class website. 1. Find d = gcd(475, 385) and express it as a linear combination of 475 and 385. That is
More informationRings If R is a commutative ring, a zero divisor is a nonzero element x such that xy = 0 for some nonzero element y R.
Rings 10-26-2008 A ring is an abelian group R with binary operation + ( addition ), together with a second binary operation ( multiplication ). Multiplication must be associative, and must distribute over
More informationMath 312/ AMS 351 (Fall 17) Sample Questions for Final
Math 312/ AMS 351 (Fall 17) Sample Questions for Final 1. Solve the system of equations 2x 1 mod 3 x 2 mod 7 x 7 mod 8 First note that the inverse of 2 is 2 mod 3. Thus, the first equation becomes (multiply
More informationDepartment of Mathematics, University of California, Berkeley. GRADUATE PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION, Part A Fall Semester 2018
Department of Mathematics, University of California, Berkeley YOUR 1 OR 2 DIGIT EXAM NUMBER GRADUATE PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION, Part A Fall Semester 2018 1. Please write your 1- or 2-digit exam number on
More informationYale University Department of Mathematics Math 350 Introduction to Abstract Algebra Fall Midterm Exam Review Solutions
Yale University Department of Mathematics Math 350 Introduction to Abstract Algebra Fall 2015 Midterm Exam Review Solutions Practice exam questions: 1. Let V 1 R 2 be the subset of all vectors whose slope
More informationIIT Mumbai 2015 MA 419, Basic Algebra Tutorial Sheet-1
IIT Mumbai 2015 MA 419, Basic Algebra Tutorial Sheet-1 Let Σ be the set of all symmetries of the plane Π. 1. Give examples of s, t Σ such that st ts. 2. If s, t Σ agree on three non-collinear points, then
More informationMatrices: 2.1 Operations with Matrices
Goals In this chapter and section we study matrix operations: Define matrix addition Define multiplication of matrix by a scalar, to be called scalar multiplication. Define multiplication of two matrices,
More informationCMSC Discrete Mathematics FINAL EXAM Tuesday, December 5, 2017, 10:30-12:30
CMSC-37110 Discrete Mathematics FINAL EXAM Tuesday, December 5, 2017, 10:30-12:30 Name (print): Email: This exam contributes 40% to your course grade. Do not use book, notes, scrap paper. NO ELECTRONIC
More informationBasic Definitions: Group, subgroup, order of a group, order of an element, Abelian, center, centralizer, identity, inverse, closed.
Math 546 Review Exam 2 NOTE: An (*) at the end of a line indicates that you will not be asked for the proof of that specific item on the exam But you should still understand the idea and be able to apply
More informationENTRY GROUP THEORY. [ENTRY GROUP THEORY] Authors: started Mark Lezama: October 2003 Literature: Algebra by Michael Artin, Mathworld.
ENTRY GROUP THEORY [ENTRY GROUP THEORY] Authors: started Mark Lezama: October 2003 Literature: Algebra by Michael Artin, Mathworld Group theory [Group theory] is studies algebraic objects called groups.
More informationx y B =. v u Note that the determinant of B is xu + yv = 1. Thus B is invertible, with inverse u y v x On the other hand, d BA = va + ub 2
5. Finitely Generated Modules over a PID We want to give a complete classification of finitely generated modules over a PID. ecall that a finitely generated module is a quotient of n, a free module. Let
More informationPractice Algebra Qualifying Exam Solutions
Practice Algebra Qualifying Exam Solutions 1. Let A be an n n matrix with complex coefficients. Define tr A to be the sum of the diagonal elements. Show that tr A is invariant under conjugation, i.e.,
More informationMath 31 Take-home Midterm Solutions
Math 31 Take-home Midterm Solutions Due July 26, 2013 Name: Instructions: You may use your textbook (Saracino), the reserve text (Gallian), your notes from class (including the online lecture notes), and
More informationJohns Hopkins University, Department of Mathematics Abstract Algebra - Spring 2009 Midterm
Johns Hopkins University, Department of Mathematics 110.401 Abstract Algebra - Spring 2009 Midterm Instructions: This exam has 8 pages. No calculators, books or notes allowed. You must answer the first
More informationTotal 100
Math 542 Midterm Exam, Spring 2016 Prof: Paul Terwilliger Your Name (please print) SOLUTIONS NO CALCULATORS/ELECTRONIC DEVICES ALLOWED. MAKE SURE YOUR CELL PHONE IS OFF. Problem Value 1 10 2 10 3 10 4
More informationElementary maths for GMT
Elementary maths for GMT Linear Algebra Part 2: Matrices, Elimination and Determinant m n matrices The system of m linear equations in n variables x 1, x 2,, x n a 11 x 1 + a 12 x 2 + + a 1n x n = b 1
More informationPublic-key Cryptography: Theory and Practice
Public-key Cryptography Theory and Practice Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Chapter 2: Mathematical Concepts Divisibility Congruence Quadratic Residues
More information1. Select the unique answer (choice) for each problem. Write only the answer.
MATH 5 Practice Problem Set Spring 7. Select the unique answer (choice) for each problem. Write only the answer. () Determine all the values of a for which the system has infinitely many solutions: x +
More informationD-MATH Algebra I HS 2013 Prof. Brent Doran. Solution 3. Modular arithmetic, quotients, product groups
D-MATH Algebra I HS 2013 Prof. Brent Doran Solution 3 Modular arithmetic, quotients, product groups 1. Show that the functions f = 1/x, g = (x 1)/x generate a group of functions, the law of composition
More informationMath 344 Lecture # Linear Systems
Math 344 Lecture #12 2.7 Linear Systems Through a choice of bases S and T for finite dimensional vector spaces V (with dimension n) and W (with dimension m), a linear equation L(v) = w becomes the linear
More informationA Multiplicative Operation on Matrices with Entries in an Arbitrary Abelian Group
A Multiplicative Operation on Matrices with Entries in an Arbitrary Abelian Group Cyrus Hettle (cyrus.h@uky.edu) Robert P. Schneider (robert.schneider@uky.edu) University of Kentucky Abstract We define
More informationMATH 4107 (Prof. Heil) PRACTICE PROBLEMS WITH SOLUTIONS Spring 2018
MATH 4107 (Prof. Heil) PRACTICE PROBLEMS WITH SOLUTIONS Spring 2018 Here are a few practice problems on groups. You should first work through these WITHOUT LOOKING at the solutions! After you write your
More informationDirection: You are required to complete this test within 50 minutes. Please make sure that you have all the 10 pages. GOOD LUCK!
Test 3 November 11, 2005 Name Math 521 Student Number Direction: You are required to complete this test within 50 minutes. (If needed, an extra 40 minutes will be allowed.) In order to receive full credit,
More information4 Powers of an Element; Cyclic Groups
4 Powers of an Element; Cyclic Groups Notation When considering an abstract group (G, ), we will often simplify notation as follows x y will be expressed as xy (x y) z will be expressed as xyz x (y z)
More informationMath 451, 01, Exam #2 Answer Key
Math 451, 01, Exam #2 Answer Key 1. (25 points): If the statement is always true, circle True and prove it. If the statement is never true, circle False and prove that it can never be true. If the statement
More informationMATH 2360 REVIEW PROBLEMS
MATH 2360 REVIEW PROBLEMS Problem 1: In (a) (d) below, either compute the matrix product or indicate why it does not exist: ( )( ) 1 2 2 1 (a) 0 1 1 2 ( ) 0 1 2 (b) 0 3 1 4 3 4 5 2 5 (c) 0 3 ) 1 4 ( 1
More informationMath 4320, Spring 2011
Math 4320, Spring 2011 Prelim 2 with solutions 1. For n =16, 17, 18, 19 or 20, express Z n (A product can have one or more factors.) as a product of cyclic groups. Solution. For n = 16, G = Z n = {[1],
More informationCHAPTER 3. Congruences. Congruence: definitions and properties
CHAPTER 3 Congruences Part V of PJE Congruence: definitions and properties Definition. (PJE definition 19.1.1) Let m > 0 be an integer. Integers a and b are congruent modulo m if m divides a b. We write
More informationMATH 3330 ABSTRACT ALGEBRA SPRING Definition. A statement is a declarative sentence that is either true or false.
MATH 3330 ABSTRACT ALGEBRA SPRING 2014 TANYA CHEN Dr. Gordon Heier Tuesday January 14, 2014 The Basics of Logic (Appendix) Definition. A statement is a declarative sentence that is either true or false.
More information(d) Since we can think of isometries of a regular 2n-gon as invertible linear operators on R 2, we get a 2-dimensional representation of G for
Solutions to Homework #7 0. Prove that [S n, S n ] = A n for every n 2 (where A n is the alternating group). Solution: Since [f, g] = f 1 g 1 fg is an even permutation for all f, g S n and since A n is
More informationMATH 221: SOLUTIONS TO SELECTED HOMEWORK PROBLEMS
MATH 221: SOLUTIONS TO SELECTED HOMEWORK PROBLEMS 1. HW 1: Due September 4 1.1.21. Suppose v, w R n and c is a scalar. Prove that Span(v + cw, w) = Span(v, w). We must prove two things: that every element
More informationMATH 223 FINAL EXAM APRIL, 2005
MATH 223 FINAL EXAM APRIL, 2005 Instructions: (a) There are 10 problems in this exam. Each problem is worth five points, divided equally among parts. (b) Full credit is given to complete work only. Simply
More informationMath 370 Spring 2016 Sample Midterm with Solutions
Math 370 Spring 2016 Sample Midterm with Solutions Contents 1 Problems 2 2 Solutions 5 1 1 Problems (1) Let A be a 3 3 matrix whose entries are real numbers such that A 2 = 0. Show that I 3 + A is invertible.
More informationChapter 4. Matrices and Matrix Rings
Chapter 4 Matrices and Matrix Rings We first consider matrices in full generality, i.e., over an arbitrary ring R. However, after the first few pages, it will be assumed that R is commutative. The topics,
More informationINTRODUCTION TO THE GROUP THEORY
Lecture Notes on Structure of Algebra INTRODUCTION TO THE GROUP THEORY By : Drs. Antonius Cahya Prihandoko, M.App.Sc e-mail: antoniuscp.fkip@unej.ac.id Mathematics Education Study Program Faculty of Teacher
More informationMATH 113 FINAL EXAM December 14, 2012
p.1 MATH 113 FINAL EXAM December 14, 2012 This exam has 9 problems on 18 pages, including this cover sheet. The only thing you may have out during the exam is one or more writing utensils. You have 180
More informationLecture 7 Cyclic groups and subgroups
Lecture 7 Cyclic groups and subgroups Review Types of groups we know Numbers: Z, Q, R, C, Q, R, C Matrices: (M n (F ), +), GL n (F ), where F = Q, R, or C. Modular groups: Z/nZ and (Z/nZ) Dihedral groups:
More informationMATH 28A MIDTERM 2 INSTRUCTOR: HAROLD SULTAN
NAME: MATH 28A MIDTERM 2 INSTRUCTOR: HAROLD SULTAN 1. INSTRUCTIONS (1) Timing: You have 80 minutes for this midterm. (2) Partial Credit will be awarded. Please show your work and provide full solutions,
More information6-1 Study Guide and Intervention Multivariable Linear Systems and Row Operations
6-1 Study Guide and Intervention Multivariable Linear Systems and Row Operations Gaussian Elimination You can solve a system of linear equations using matrices. Solving a system by transforming it into
More informationMath 430 Final Exam, Fall 2008
IIT Dept. Applied Mathematics, December 9, 2008 1 PRINT Last name: Signature: First name: Student ID: Math 430 Final Exam, Fall 2008 Grades should be posted Friday 12/12. Have a good break, and don t forget
More information[ Here 21 is the dot product of (3, 1, 2, 5) with (2, 3, 1, 2), and 31 is the dot product of
. Matrices A matrix is any rectangular array of numbers. For example 3 5 6 4 8 3 3 is 3 4 matrix, i.e. a rectangular array of numbers with three rows four columns. We usually use capital letters for matrices,
More informationSchool of Mathematics and Statistics. MT5836 Galois Theory. Handout 0: Course Information
MRQ 2017 School of Mathematics and Statistics MT5836 Galois Theory Handout 0: Course Information Lecturer: Martyn Quick, Room 326. Prerequisite: MT3505 (or MT4517) Rings & Fields Lectures: Tutorials: Mon
More informationMathematics for Cryptography
Mathematics for Cryptography Douglas R. Stinson David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science University of Waterloo Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada March 15, 2016 1 Groups and Modular Arithmetic 1.1
More informationExercises on chapter 1
Exercises on chapter 1 1. Let G be a group and H and K be subgroups. Let HK = {hk h H, k K}. (i) Prove that HK is a subgroup of G if and only if HK = KH. (ii) If either H or K is a normal subgroup of G
More informationMATH 433 Applied Algebra Lecture 22: Review for Exam 2.
MATH 433 Applied Algebra Lecture 22: Review for Exam 2. Topics for Exam 2 Permutations Cycles, transpositions Cycle decomposition of a permutation Order of a permutation Sign of a permutation Symmetric
More informationLecture 3. Theorem 1: D 6
Lecture 3 This week we have a longer section on homomorphisms and isomorphisms and start formally working with subgroups even though we have been using them in Chapter 1. First, let s finish what was claimed
More informationSolutions to Exam I MATH 304, section 6
Solutions to Exam I MATH 304, section 6 YOU MUST SHOW ALL WORK TO GET CREDIT. Problem 1. Let A = 1 2 5 6 1 2 5 6 3 2 0 0 1 3 1 1 2 0 1 3, B =, C =, I = I 0 0 0 1 1 3 4 = 4 4 identity matrix. 3 1 2 6 0
More informationMATRICES The numbers or letters in any given matrix are called its entries or elements
MATRICES A matrix is defined as a rectangular array of numbers. Examples are: 1 2 4 a b 1 4 5 A : B : C 0 1 3 c b 1 6 2 2 5 8 The numbers or letters in any given matrix are called its entries or elements
More informationSylow subgroups of GL(3,q)
Jack Schmidt We describe the Sylow p-subgroups of GL(n, q) for n 4. These were described in (Carter & Fong, 1964) and (Weir, 1955). 1 Overview The groups GL(n, q) have three types of Sylow p-subgroups:
More informationSection 11 Direct products and finitely generated abelian groups
Section 11 Direct products and finitely generated abelian groups Instructor: Yifan Yang Fall 2006 Outline Direct products Finitely generated abelian groups Cartesian product Definition The Cartesian product
More informationMATH 403 MIDTERM ANSWERS WINTER 2007
MAH 403 MIDERM ANSWERS WINER 2007 COMMON ERRORS (1) A subset S of a ring R is a subring provided that x±y and xy belong to S whenever x and y do. A lot of people only said that x + y and xy must belong
More information3.4 Elementary Matrices and Matrix Inverse
Math 220: Summer 2015 3.4 Elementary Matrices and Matrix Inverse A n n elementary matrix is a matrix which is obtained from the n n identity matrix I n n by a single elementary row operation. Elementary
More informationMath 110 (Fall 2018) Midterm II (Monday October 29, 12:10-1:00)
Math 110 (Fall 2018) Midterm II (Monday October 29, 12:10-1:00) Name: SID: Please write clearly and legibly. Justify your answers. Partial credits may be given to Problems 2, 3, 4, and 5. The last sheet
More informationMath 314H EXAM I. 1. (28 points) The row reduced echelon form of the augmented matrix for the system. is the matrix
Math 34H EXAM I Do all of the problems below. Point values for each of the problems are adjacent to the problem number. Calculators may be used to check your answer but not to arrive at your answer. That
More informationGENERATING SETS KEITH CONRAD
GENERATING SETS KEITH CONRAD 1 Introduction In R n, every vector can be written as a unique linear combination of the standard basis e 1,, e n A notion weaker than a basis is a spanning set: a set of vectors
More information[06.1] Given a 3-by-3 matrix M with integer entries, find A, B integer 3-by-3 matrices with determinant ±1 such that AMB is diagonal.
(January 14, 2009) [06.1] Given a 3-by-3 matrix M with integer entries, find A, B integer 3-by-3 matrices with determinant ±1 such that AMB is diagonal. Let s give an algorithmic, rather than existential,
More information