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1 Classificatin NPE-CM3NTE 2Perid 4Distributin Criterin 3Key Wrds (selected by the authr) internal LANDSAT HYDRDYNAMCAL MDELS external X - 5Reprt N9 6Date Révi NPE-03-NTE083 April 977 d _A - 8 Title and Sub-title 9Authrized by SURFACE HYDRDYNAMCAL MDELS TFUGH SYNPTC ---\ NTERPRETATN F LANDSAT MSS MAGES N LAGN- i AL AND CASTAL WERS Nelsn fe Jesus Parada Directr 0 SectrDSRSRM Cde 423 N9 f Cpies 20 2Authrship Renat Hera 4N9 f Pages 8 5Price 3Signature f the respnsible 6SummaryNtes The study f the MSS Landsat images f elune 26 and September f Laga ds Pats and adjacent castal waters Zcated in the Sutheastern part f Brasil with relevant envirnmental data gave an idea f the circulatin tendencies in the interir f the lagn and in the castal waters nearby The study was dne utilizing a surface hydrdynamic mdel The mst imprtant resulte are given as a cell circulatin prpsitin with clckwise and cunterclkwise vrtices in the interir f the lagn A cmparisn f these resulte with the nes reached by ther mdele such as BnilZa's shw imprtant difprences in the circulatin Patterns 7Remarks
2 NDEX CHAPTER - NTRDUCTN CHAPTER - DESCRPTN F THE METHD 3 CHAPTER - DESCRPTN F THE RBTAL MDELS 5 CHAPTER V - CNCLUSNS 5 REFERENCES 6
3 CHAPTER NTRDUCTN The castal plain f Ri Grande d Sul (Brazil) is the result f a cmplex interactin f fluvial marine and elic prcesses whichhuilt the physigraphic features f its (DELAMEY 965) sandy depsits ts majr axis parallel t the castal une (NE-SW) has a maximum lennht f 640 Mn and an averane width f 90 Mn These stratigraphic units cnstitute ne f the mst interesting gemrphic aspects f the brazilian castal uaternay with accumulatin and ersinal frms related t sea levei changes during the last years Distinctive differences between the physigraphic patterns allws the recnstitutin f the main palegegraphic phases thrugh the sequencial marine terraces surrunding lakes and lagns develped amng the stratiqraphic discntinuities The mst recent evlutin f castal and lagnal sedimentary features in that regin has been due mainly t wind driven cellular currents whse tendencies can be seen in the rbital multispectral imanes frm LANDSAT satellites by the channes in the ptical nrperties f the waters (PLCYN and RL% 969)
4 CHAPTER DESCRPTN F THE METHD Fllwing the methdlgy f STRANDBERG (wd) STFNER et ai (975) SMTH JR (968) fr the multispectral image visual interpre tatin the gray scale patterns were discriminated by a reflex step wedqe (with cnstant 00 D) and selected autmatically by a micrdensitmeter f Spectral nata C and the mage-00 system frm General Electric C The different gray shades due t diverse ptical prperties caused by changes in the quality and cncentratin f sedimentary susentin particles were used t indicate the hydrdinamical tendencies f the waters The largest reflectance degrees were crrelated with large turbidity levels which fllwinn RUHE (975) and SUM (973) wuld be indicatrs f larger envirnment energy
5 CWAPTPP TTT DESCRPTN F THE RBTAL MDELS The tw mdels included in this paper shw examples f applicatins f the prpsed methd in an attempt t cntribute t the imprvement f the semi-empiric techniques used in hydrdynamics studies The tw verpasses in the base rbit 92 during 973 (with small clud cver) recrded the cmplete surface image f the Laga ds Pats (0360 km 2 ) and part f the cast (Fig ) in three sequential MSS frames n June 26 and September 24 under different envirnmental cnditins (Table ) ie weak t mderate SW winds and (Figs2 and 3) respectively fr each ne f the synptic situatins we determined the circulatin mdels shwed in Figs 4 and 5 TAR TTT HYDRLGCAL AND ATMSPHERC CMPNENTS CNSDERED N THE RBTAL MAGE NTERPRETATN ENVRNMENTAL CMPNENT JUNE 26 FLW N m 3 sec SEPTEMBER 24 FLW N m3sec GuaTba estuary Camaqui river Sã Gnçal channel (-) 400 (-) 630 Ri Grande channel (-) F Predminant wind SW NE
6 -6- Gray shades f higher density characterize the entrances f small lagns and river basins with waters f lw slid cntent This fact was bserved in the bttm f the Velhac Peixe and Camaquã rivers and in Casament lake als The high fluvimetric leveis in the GuaTba crrespnded t intense rain n the drainage basins f the rivers JacuT and TaquarT The greatest cncentratins f suspended slids specially clred clays due t the sesquiferrus xides is respnsible fr the high reflectance registered in the MSS band 5 Due t the actin f the wind the material intrduced in Cl by the tapu ã channel is diffused t the suth in an intermittent way and with the natural scillatins (Seiches) f the basin which elevate the surface levei f the GuaTba 020 m daily The result f this envirnmental situatin is marked by invlvent arcs t the fanlike discharge f lighter tnes n the cast the accumulatin f water t the SW f the last cell f the lagn prduces an elevatin f the water levei in the channel n the first case (Fig 4) it is pssible t see in the lagn cells clckwise vrtices in the interir f the cmpartiments C2 C3 and C4 while in Cl a cunter clckwise vrtice is being frmed because f the interference f the Sã Simã sand ridge The distributin f the gray scale shades f the brdering waters f the lagn indicates greater turbidity due t the currents f greater intensity and turbulence Such cntrasts g alng with the evlutin f the vrtices t the west side f the referred cells which leads t admit that in the Eastern brder a channel exists where the increase f energy gives a great capacity f transprtatin t the waters Rising tides and extended duratin f the SW winds in the
7 -7- tw perids befre the images were taken intrduced thrugh the Ri Grande bar entrance a significant amunt f marine waters which can see by the darker tnes ver the images Darker gray shades bserved twards the Rasa spit in MSS 5 shw the penetratin f saline mixed waters near the Feitria sand bank n this area the znal cnvergence lines are mre precisely traced due t the chemical prcesses acting n the fresh water suspended clay particles by the marine waters The weak castal currents carrying suspended particulate matter in the SW directin parallel t the cast is the result f the NW-NE predminant winds bserved in the preceding synptic perids n September 24 the strng and cntinuus NW winds tgether with the high precipitatin leveis prduced the dynamic situatin sketched in Figure 5 The pattern recgnitin in this mdel gave a cmplete picture f surface effects where the circulatin patterns became partially dissimilar frm the cellular structure and the accumulatin f waters ccurred t the SW part f the lagnal basin ahead f the Rasa pint causing a frced discharge f the lagn waters int the castal waters Tw cunterclckwise vrtices f large amplitudes are riginated ver the Carpinteir sand bank and t the suth f Cassin beach with a sudden elevatin f the bttm influencing the currents flwing parallel t the cast The discharge f these lagn waters ver the cntinental shelf extends fr mre than 80 km ffshre
8 - 8 - R JACU - PNTA DA CADEA - (\y PRT ALEGRE 40 ESTUA-R ic 4 \ ili LAGA D D GUABA \--- J \ k\ \ T) 2 _-: SAC X TAPU Ã \ :4; iff r; "--" CRA D JACARÉ " ff e: \ ""--"0 que CASAMENT CRA D CERULAS SAC DA BARRA D RBER \\ \- - \\ -: - "-" " - 0 ) PNTA DAS DESERTAS _ ' ( SAC D P N H - -) ' -\ 4 _ PEN NSULA DA FAX NA 0 7t - i --"T ` ` - \\c '` PNTA DA FRMGA ' - 0 "--\ \\ r -ild \ \ J-- ip i " MA DE \ _ - '"3 \ '' '0' \ \ \ " 30'30' N \ sk ) TAPU -'"" P \'' \ \ ( 74 "\) ` li ""-sae \ L \ "J) "e' j PNTA D ANASTÁC (") LHA D BARBA NEGRA ---' NRTH SAC DE TAPES ) -" à '--- '-- \ ' 7 PNTAL DE ST ANTN CP c: ir ( i ' içã-` -;) ' PNTA DNA HELENA c ) sa ( li r :j ') ' (-7--r'') s - s mi ARR VELHAC ""2"-"s " :S\ s 0 4 -" -'--- 5 i -) r _-Lzk 4 z"- ' --W "-- PNTA SÃ S 'MÃ d'4 _ e 3 00' - \ PNTA DNA MARA lie \ ) s \ \ ARR PE XE ---- i ' -_--- :- A - Sj ') :nr (' -_-:_- 5 -' \ s \\ \( \ \ \ ""----9 ) \ ( 7 5 \ -' \ S c -7--\\ ---- a ' ( ri ((\--" '--\ \-- '- a s """\\ \''' "i> e R CAMAQUA U g : \l" JE: * " is( \ ----v \ dr - i ( j'----->4 2r\J \_ a ''' \ N \ ) \ N `)\ 44 0 Ç-- bi \'' \ k\ ' "-_-`_)\ ---- )\(A' ----->" ) -- \) '' il \-_ 4 K ---% 4 i_5 --' ; \) -- '0 ''?) (' -----'' 3 3Y- - '4 t) 7 k -- - ( i ---" ; f i k? C4 c-i( PNTA 80 0( LAGA PEQUENA --"--\ 7 r --- j -- t PNTA DA FETRA i \ ; k\ ' \ BANC DA FETRA é SAC D LARANJAL )\ "- `- CRA DS PATS L -- " e " _- " ( -- ' PELTAS 484 -;" ( BANC SARANGNHA ") ç r- l!'n' --- _ SAC D R NCÃ :ANAL DE "lik N3 ))") (i \ i er S SAC DS BARBADS S Ã GNÇAL SAC D ARRA AL ' '"4'"' ss \ >% j 32 00'--- J kl: e%\ \ PARCEL D CARP NTE R 00 DS MARNHE RS ' n)i i i R GRANDE '` \ " BANC MNUAN CANAL D R GRANDE' * CNCE ÇA-0 \ \ PNTA CR STVÃ PERER * MSTARDAS ) Fig - Bathymetric map f Larla ds Pats
9 -9-- YY i R i(ii c i "tj n ( 4-) ' J 0 - a ick" a d - a ) ; - " s 0 Ck 4 i ) ( il _ ;! q P li -- 0 g? 0 \ r x 5 r _- P k P g li r ;-fv s i 0- ( q P A 0 - " _ rt x - ( r i p 'PN P - s kj fl i S r ' - é; P-7 (c 0 e ' s ' 4 g \- - r5 '-- 4-A: ) ( J Pr --- P --i---;) - c'' (ti s 0 í er-:0 ' '-_- ' r tf _''''N ' i i i t f \S 0-0 t a"w-) --() ' ' - ( -----_s R " p -0 A - --0' - \ t i - N ' - ; r r = ' _ _ :00 GMT i i - Fig 2 - Surface winds in the NW f Ri Grande d Sul in June :00 (GMT)
10 e e e? 6 cl) ) cu-k c e ci c(r\ " V e5 k irb -- ) 'A ) l r"--- $ '5 CK ri ' r S A- ' c( ç'ip-- -: a' g' s t- `) \ 5' i ' P (t) cs g d ; ll ) si i 4 ti igi 4!) g -- Cl C: C (!) d S' 6 r ' 6 5 (3 6 )) - r --? b 6 r - -s -- ) - -5 lg_ ' J- - % - r ' r" -b Z ci ( 3 " ' 4 ç i r' ck L-" ti 't r S )S '0 r'r P 5) li à Lj 5 --s rd X _) -----"-- - q:5 A l ck c\ C\ 4 0- ''' _ ' R\ (\ c\ (\ N i 0 \ C\ - r - ) C \ ' \ ' \ \ 2:00 GMT r Fig 3 - Surface winds in the NV f Ri Grande d Sul in September :00 (GMT)
11 k'''' '' "! A ' "Y :f s ;Z:;`- St ' ' ' - k kk- - Nr;'' - ;: 7 ±' zs ' "-i "'t < í '307Ç : - - Air0474; ip \5 - Fig 4 - Partial reprductin f the nn cntrlled msaics f the MSS-4 and MSS-5 images fr the verflight f Une at 2:47 (GMT)
12 - 2 - f` t0-:: ' i e ti :' -''' '-'" -' '' '- * ) Nt ' - %**' _Á - - X! 4''''''') "' ' ''' ' t '''!C ;"; _ ' ' ':- 4-3'-'; ' i ::\v Pi J " - ;''' Fig 5 - Partia] reprductin f the nn cntrlled msaics f the MSS-4 and MSS-5 fr the verflight f June at 2:47 (GMT)
13 - 3 - i 22 FG3 MEAN ENWTRVLCTE WATER VELCTES n ntelgadspts the LAGA ds PATS a)withut awttwn wind b) )wt with a N wn wind blwing lwn nmsads in Mstardas ea : 3222: :2 e i ;2224 2; 2í22 Nisi) 4 77C '22 "'" 2E " i _ eéme 0 2 te C ft! M t4 2 2 à 7 2 AQ 5222 Étftt Xe 2! te(ftef t miem t E ;!UM á( S Mel 0 54: <e 722 i2 r r eee 77 < eelei Et : 2 : 4444 tt e!te $$$$ ee 7 e i :-- eee 7 e $ te t e s ff! 7 Cf <e 2 e t 27 i ; ee 7e 75 2: 45 feaftlf4 ee 7 FG 30 ti teté44 77t ce 4 2 "44 2 4t4E tteme c! LE r ft! C te ftt t ' 42' A " :'::-- W :'; :2 ``' ; 4e <gr t me " 7 y 54 YE St [tufe meemem n tétefteett4ct ) (e ( 777 Cf 22 E % < r ee t( rar e 4 5c ' M e FE 75 ar : " :s -" ''' 4 \ é 0 ' 45 -" \ - \ T t 4e e) ee e 'e 27: ; f ) a7 fetect4ttette SE 2 t4444 ss á! E y 4 2 sê ece M ' ': " :" 4 um i ' '' 444 ';': ' 5 - '' e: :;' i ' : Ji - 222; 2! CS) t u 4444 c 4 2 ; a ' i e 2 C i e 2 e ''' ' 22E ' a ' t ' e ' ' " ::::!f 4 E 7454 FAX C272 2:e '-'2 -i2; 47 g C24 '7= tes C 4t C S" 20 CCC - 2 a e 4555C 54005; * 5 G 7 7 s t i r C 554 ft( i \ a ' 2 y f t f ti " -- "- t e t SCALE ' k km V ' g t ' 7 e VELCTY SALE ts FG 3a 002 mis ir ' FG 3 b F!G 3b 205 m i s i \ \ i aiiimy_capr_ac) ; 2 MA Fig 6 - A Distributin f the bttn sediments by Trend Surface Analysis; B numerical mdels develped by BNLHA (975) fr the Laga ds Pats basin
14 NAPTFR TV CNCLUSNS The results f the tw cases studied areby themselves enugh t justify the cntinuity f the research But ther methds f theretical mdeling will help n fact this methd culd act as an evaluatin r cntrl prvided the main physical variables are knwn f we cmpare the results btained with the preliminar numerical mdels f BNLHA (975) and the results f the trend surface analysis applied t the data f bttm sedimentary depsits (Fig6) what has been tld previusly becmes clearer since the circulatin tendencies presented by the first are by far different f the situatins presented by the rbital mdels cinciding nly in sme particular details Besides the mdel btained frm the granulmetric parameters justifies the cell prpsitin featuring the flw channel in the East brder The systematic bservatin f rbital mdels culd cntribute effectively fr a wider infrmatin necessary t the increase in precisin f the theretical methds which have a large cntent f empirism
15 - 6 - REFFREMCES BNLHA N BREBBA C e FERRANTE A Cmputatinal Rydraulics Studies in Ri Grande d Sul in XVth f the nternatinal Assciatin fr Rydraulic Research vl 4 pags 88 a 96 Sã Paul 975 DELANFY PJV Pisigrafia e Gelgia de superfície da Planície Csteira d Ri Grande d Sul Esc Gel n9 6 UFRGS Prt Alegre pags PLCYM FC shalw water features" - "Remte Sensing Technigues fr Lcatin and Measurement f f Michigan - Ann Arbr 969 RUHE RV pp Reprt P Willw Run Lab University "Gemrphlgy" gemrphic Prcesses and superficial Getgy SMTH JR JT "manual f Clr Aerial Phtgraphy" American Sciety f Phtgrametry - pp STENER n et al Remte Sensr Data Systems Prcessing and Management" in: Manual f Remte Sensing - vl - American Sciety f Phtnrammetry pp STRANDSERG H CARL New Yrk sem data pp 249 "Asnal Discvery Manual" - Ed Jhn Miley & Sns SUGU K "ntrduçã a Sedimentlgia" - Ed Edgard Blucher Ed Universidade de Si Paul Sã Paul 973 MACHAD JB et ai "Cllectin f relevant results btained with the Skylab images by the nstitute fr Space Research (NPE) (Final Reprt) Si Jsé ds Camps MPE NPF-793-MTF043 - pp
, which yields. where z1. and z2
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