Theory, Simulation and Modelling for the FY2011 Pedestal Milestone

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1 Theory, Simulation and Modelling for the FY2011 Pedestal Milestone Phil Snyder for the ECC General Atomics, San Diego CA, USA ECC Conference Call August 21, 2009

2 Draft 2011 Theory Milestone The performance of future burning plasmas is strongly correlated with the pressure at the top of the edge transport barrier (or "pedestal height"). Predicting the pedestal height has proved challenging due to a wide and overlapping range of relevant spatiotemporal scales, geometrical complexity, and a variety of potentially important physics mechanisms. A focused analytic theory and computational effort, including large-scale simulations, will be used to identify and quantify relevant physics mechanisms controlling the structure of the pedestal. Predictive models will be developed and key features of each model will be tested against observations, to clarify the relative importance of various physics mechanisms, and to make progress in developing a validated physics model for the pedestal height. Theory and Computation, involve large scale computation Validation of existing models, extension of existing models, development of new models Time is short, particularly for large scale computation, and expt planning

3 Need to Identify Practical Research Plans and Resources and Move Quickly An Example: The EPED1 Model and its future development Combines Peeling-Ballooning + KBM to predict a height and width of the pedestal Already extensively tested on DIII-D (some on JET and JT-60U), test planned for C-Mod Extension needed to improve model and for NSTX tests ( EPED2 planned for Spring 2010) Comprehensive List of Physics Mechanisms to Explore Stability, transport, sources (and couplings between them) Practical Tools to Employ and Develop

4 Mechanics of the EPED1 Predictive Model A. P-B stability calculated via a series of model equilibria with increasing pedestal height ELITE, n=5-30 B. Simple width model from KBM onset: 1/ 2 Δ ψ N = 0.076β p,ped Input: B t, I p, R, a, κ, δ, n ped, β global Output: Pedestal height and width Different width dependence of stability (roughly p ped ~Δ 3/4 ) and KBM model (p ped ~Δ 2 ) ensure unique nontrivial solution, which is the EPED1 prediction (black circle) [both constraints needed to get height or width] Can be systematically compared to existing data or future experiments Stability and width physics are tightly coupled: If either stability or width physics model is incorrect, predictions for both height and width will be systematically incorrect

5 EPED1 Model Predicts Pedestal Height and Width in ELMy H-Mode Dedicated expt test on DIII-D with predictions made before expt B t, I p, δ varied by factors of ~3 to yield more than order of magnitude variation in pedestal height, factor of 3 in width Initial comparisons with JET & JT-60U Predicted/Measured pedestal height = 1.02 ±0.13 (21 DIII-D, 16 JT-60U, 4 JET)

6 Physics Mechanisms that can be practically studied in time for Milestone Transport : heat, particle, momentum fluxes Neoclassical (Jbs, poloidal flow, Qi) ETG/other electron scale turbulence (growth rates, fluxes) ITG/TEM: limits of suppression by ExB KBM: onset and transport Stability Peeling-ballooning (onset, early dynamics) Low n kink/ballooning (onset, saturation in QH) Sources Particle flux from recycling (also pinches, gas, pellets ) Heat source (NBI, ECH, ICRF ) Others?

7 Computational Approaches (increasing resources, still tradeoffs) Ongoing improvements to simple models like EPED1 Fully first principles, but based on linear onset and separation of scales, or simplification of nonlinear simulation results Advanced 3D extended/gyro-fluid simulations Wider range of scales than 5 or 6D 4/5D drift/gyro-kinetic simulations Neoclassical: efficient steady state + dynamics Both full f and f techniques, continuum and PIC Formulation advances required, particularly for full f Move away from high-n approximations 6D full kinetic simulations with full collision operator Advanced numerical techniques to constrain scales Initially to validate 4/5D approx, then for physics Not all of this is practical on the 2011 milestone timescale

8 List of Computational Tools Focus on what we can realistically do given the time constraints Neoclassical with orbit loss: XGC0, TEMPEST/ESL Neoclassical with full geometry, multiple species etc: NEO, XGC0, TEMPEST/ESL, TRANSP/NCLASS Linear EM GK with geometry, collisions: GYRO, GS2, FULL, Nonlinear Estat for Ped top: XGC1, TEMPEST/ESL, GYRO (GS2 in local limit), GEM Nonlinear EM GK electron scale sims: GYRO, GS2, GEM Nonlinear EM GK full pedestal probably not feasible on given timescale, but can attempt with various tools Peeling-ballooning and K/P: ELITE, GATO, DCON, MARS, NIMROD, M3D, M3D-C1 Recycling source: UEDGE, GTNEUT,? Simple Models: EPED1/2, Lehigh group (PEDESTAL etc), Sugihara, source-based, Develop additional first principles simple models to test various ideas Analytic Theory: Diamond, Staebler type models etc: what can we get into a sufficiently testable in time for expt/theory comparison? Others?

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