The preload analysis of screw bolt joints on the first wall graphite tiles in East
|
|
- Gabriel Phillips
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The preload analysis of screw bolt joints on the first wall graphite tiles in East AO ei( 曹磊 ), SONG Yuntao( 宋云涛 ) Institute of plasma physics, hinese academy of sciences, Hefei , hina Abstract The first wall in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) has used many graphite tiles to face the plasma. All graphite ties have been mounted on heat sink using screw bolts which had been preloaded to produce clamp force. The clamp force is very important to keep the graphite tiles on the surface of the heat sink tightly because the heat flux will cross this contacting surface in a small thermal resistor. Without the clamp force the small gap between graphite tiles and heat sink will lead thermal power can not be carried away by cooling water. The worse is some bolts turned out with the loss of clamp force. rom the mathematical models the process of the loss of clamp force has been studied. Research results explain how the different thermal expansion of three members of the screw joint leads to the clamp force decrease to zero under temperature rise and external force and how the stiffness affect the relationship between the clamp force and temperature. The research also gets the critical temperature point that the clamp force can remain above zero. Research results indicated this screw joint is absolute to lose their clamp force during the EAST running so that the bolt joints should be redesign to improve its reliability. eywords: clamp force, preload, residual preload, thermal expansion PAS:52.55.a 1. Introduction Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) is one of the most important steady-state plasma physics experimental devices in the world. The first wall in EAST has been employed to protect the vacuum vessel and other components which can t withstand high thermal power from plasma. The first wall has installed 4896 graphite tiles on the heat sink to face the plasma. It means the graphite tiles have to face high heat flux from plasma. Graphite can be used as first wall material because it is a good material to withstand high temperature. The graphite is also a good thermal conductive material, so heat flux on the first wall can be transfer rapidly to heat sink that at last is cooled by water. In order to make the heat transfer effectively, graphite tiles should be pressed on the heat sink tightly by a clamp force [1]. All Graphite tiles have been mounted on the heat sink using screw bolts. Though all bolt joints have been preloaded to provide the enough clamp force, in EAST or some other similar Tokamaks, the clamp force on graphite tiles was disappear during plasma burning [1]. Table.1 shows that there is about 1~1.5% of total graphite tiles loosed their clamp force. igure.1 shows the screw bolt escaped from the first wall and graphite tiles fall down from the heat sink. (Table.1) (igure.1) Author s caolei@ipp.ac.cn
2 Obviously the clamp force has been disappeared under high temperature during plasma burning. With the disappearing of clamp force a very small torques resulting from electromagnetic force can turn the screw bolt out [2-3]. With the disappearing of clamp force there will be a small gap between the graphite tiles and heat sink with the electromagnetic force acted on first wall. So it is necessary to study the process of the loss of clamp force to improve the designs intended to increase the quality and reliability of the first wall. It is well known that for material under high temperature creep can lead to stress relaxation with the plastic deformation [4-5]. How ever though some parts were serious erosion by sudden very large thermal energy, the results of careful measurement of the dimensions proved that most components of first wall have not exceeded their elastic limit. It means the bolt joints on first wall loose its clamp force without creep. In fact though none of material exceed their elastic limit the elastic deformation of all components will change under high temperature and external force. The expansion and stiffness of the material may affect such a process. 2. The analysis of the process of clamp force change for the bolt joints East has got a loop vacuum vessel with D shape section as igure.2 shown. The first wall was installed on the Vacuum vessel to face the plasma. All bolt joints on first wall in EAST have the same design. The detailed structure of bolt joints is shown in igure.2. Each bolt joint has three members: a heat sink, a graphite tile and a screw bolt. The material of all components and its properties are in Table.2 [6-7]. (igure.2) (Table.2) 2.1 The relation between deformation and preload A typical bolt joint can be present by an elastic-deformation model. igure.3 shows the structure of the mechanical model. The model shows that the strength and stiffness of a single bolt joint depends on the physical and geometrical properties of the members. Each member of the bolt joint was seen an elastic unit which can be described by stiffness and deformation. In igure.3 the graphite tile. is the stiffness of the heat sink. is the stiffness of the screw bolt. is the stiffness of X are their deformation caused by preload P. The interface shown in igure.3 between graphite tile and heat sink should contact very well under the preload. Here preload P P acts as clamp force and all members have to withstand the preload. It means that the different member will be different deformation as they have different stiffness as igure.4 shown. (igure.3) The deformation on each components depend on there stiffness and force. The stiffness of each component can be presented in such equation (1) [6-8] EA (1) Where: E is the elastic modulus and A is the cross section area of the bolt or load area. is the equivalent length of each component. Here the cross section area depends on the equivalent diameter. or 6 bolt the equivalent diameter is its bottom diameter. or heat sink and graphite tile the equivalent diameter can be
3 calculated on assumption of cylinder effective area [7]. So the effective outer diameter of heat sink and graphite tile equal to the diameter of head of 6 bolt (10mm) and the inner diameter equals to diameter of cross hole (6.5mm).. The deformation of each member can be calculated by equation (2) [6-8] P (2) The preload on a bolt has been defined as 500N to prevent that the graphite tile was broken. The 500N P associated with the torque T 0.4N has been provided by a definite torque wrench. In this case the specific P calculated parameters are listed in Table.3. (Table.3) The mechanical model showed in igure.3 indicates that the heat sink and graphite tile are connected in series. They are parallel with bolt. So the stiffness of heat sink and graphite tile can be considered together. Define is P the equivalent stiffness of and [8-10]. N/ 62.2E6 (3) Define X is the equivalent stiffness of X and X is the equivalent deformation: X (4) 8.03E The process of clamp force loss affected by external force When the external force acts on the graphite tile, the total force does not equal to the sum of the preload and external force [11-12]. The total load t will equal to the sum of external force and residual preload P. igure.4 illustrates how the external force affects the connection system. (igure.4) In igure.4 left slash (solid line) present the deformation of the bolt and right slash (dash line) present the deformation of graphite tile and heat sink. With the increasing of the external force, the left slash extend to a higher position which mean that the clamp force p reduces to deformation x and the follow equations can be deduced: P. The external force brings the external ( x) P ( x) P (5) (6)
4 x (7) P P The equation (5) (6) and (7) (8) are equivalent. Equation (7) indicates that the ax external force should not large than 1624N or the external deformation will exceed. Equation (8) indicates that if the ax external force X should not large than 1667 N or the residual preload will reduce to zero. oth above case means the clamp force reduces to zero and the interface will get a small gap. The equation (8) also indicates that a high stiffness bolt with a low stiffness joint the bolt would sustain the majority of the applied force. ecause the stiffness slope of the bolt is greater than that of the joint. 2.3 The process of clamp force loss affected by thermal expansion All first wall components are installed at normal room temperature and then they must be heating to about ax 200 during the period of plasma burning. Under such a high temperature the deformation of each member of the bolt joint will change and then the clamp force will be changed too. igure.5 illustrates how the thermal expansion affects the clamp force. (igure.5) In igure.5 is the expansion of the bolt and is the sum of the expansion of the heat sink and graphite tile. Obviously as the total deformation remains constant the expansion reduces the respective elastic deformation. There for the sold line becomes dash-dot dot line and dash line becomes dash-dot line. P and P are respective preload and residual preload changes. rom igure.5 the expansion equation can be deduced: (9) ( * * * ) T (8) * * (10) Where: are thermal expansion of bolt graphite tile and heat sink. rom equation (9) (10) can get equation (11) (12) and the specific curve equation (13) (14) with substitution of numerical values *10 T (11) (12) 6 23*10 * T *10 * T (13) (14)
5 Obviously if thermal deformation is less than the original elastic deformation the clamp force will remain on the bolt joint. Thus the conditions of keeping the clamp force on the bolt joints is equation (15) without external force and (16) with external force. (15) x (16) With substitution of numerical values the limit temperature to keep the clamp force is: ( Without external force ) (17) T T ( With the external force) (18) In fact for equation (18) let =0, it can get the equation (17) at once. If =500N the limit temperature will be 107. As the clamp force should have a min value the reliable region to keep the graphite stay at its original position may very narrow and can not meet the requirements for the EAST running. igure.6 shows two critical temperature points. (igure.6) 2.4 The process of clamp force loss affected by stiffness of bolt Above analysis proves that stiffness also plays a very important role on joint. In fact the often used method to adjust the stiffness is simply put a spring washer on the bolt. It means the stiffness will be changed. et become a variable equation (15) and (16) present curve equations as igure.7 and igure.8 shown. (igure.7) (igure.8) igure.7 and igure.8 shows how the stiffness igure.7 without external force use affects the lock conditions at different temperature. urves in X as boundary curve which means that thermal expansion should be less than X. urves in igure.8 with external force use X as boundary curve which means that thermal expansion should be less than X. The curves indicate that even the small will increase the critical temperature without the external force acting on joint but it almost can not change the lock condition when the external force act on joints. 3 onclusion and discussion The main cause to reduce the clamp force is that three members of bolt joint have different thermal expansion. Thermal expansion will reduce the elastic deformation and make the clamp force become small. The mathematic model of clamp force proved that the adjustment of stiffness of bolt can not improve the lock conditions of bolt joint with the external force. As the limit temperature point to keep the clamp force is very low (less than 107 ),
6 the bolt joint will loose their clamp force during plasma burning. It is necessary and important to redesign and assessment the joints on first wall in EAST to improve the performance of bolt joints. The connection system may need a special part or structure to compensate the most thermal expansion. Acknowledgments The authors would like to appreciate the EAST design team. The work was supported by all team members. References [1].. axi, E.E. Reis,.A. Ulrickson. 2003, usion Engineering and Design, 66 :323 [2] i Yinong, Zheng ling, Wen angchun. 2003, Journal of Vibration Engineering, 16 :137(in hinese) [3] Zhu hen. 1990, Natural Science Journal of Xiangtan University, 13 :51(in hinese) [4] John, H. ickford. 1981, An introduction to the design and ehaviour of olted joins, arcel Dekker Inc, New York [5] Jin Yao, Sun Xun ang. 1998, Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 33 :46 [6] N. Ravi P. haudhuri, P. Santra, D. henna Reddy. 2001, usion Engineering and Design, 56 :355 [7] Zongze Wu. 1991, Advanced mechanical design. Tsinghua university press, engjing (in hinese) [8] T. Jaglinski, A. Nimityongskul, R. Schmitz. 2007, Transaction of ASE, 129:48 [9] A. Strang. 1994, Performmance of bolting materials in high temperature plant Applications. Institute of materials, odon [10]. Tendo,. Yamada, Shimura. 2001, ASE Journal of Engineering aterial Technolgy, 123:198 [11] Zhu hen. 1992, Natural Science Journal of Xiangtan University, 14 :21(in hinese) [12] Zhu hen. 1995, hinese Journal of echanical Engineering, 31 :77 (in hinese)
7 Table 1: The quantity of failed graphite ties in EAST graphite tiles date 2008 date 2009 Total oosed Escaped Total failed Scale 1.5% 1% Table 2: The properties of material Parameters Screw olt (6) Graphite tile Heat sink aterial Stainless steel 316 Graphite urzr Elastic modulus GPa Thermal expansion (10E-6)
8 Table 3: The stiffness and deform of each components 6 bolt Graphite tile Heat sink aterial Stainless steel Graphite urzr 316 Elastic modulus E / 200 E /14 E /127.5 GPa Thermal expansion (10E-6) Equivalent Diameter mm Equivalent length mm ross section area /15.3 /2.4 /16.72 /5 /10 /10 /28 /8 /20 A /19.6 A / 45.3 A / mm Stiffness /140 / 79.3 / N/ m Deform 3 10 mm /3.57 /6.3 /1.73 X X X igure.1 Escaped and loosed graphite ties in EAST
9 Graphite tile Screw bolt Heat sink igure.2 The structure of graphite ties connection in EAST fixed P X Interface igure.3 The mechanical model of the bolt joint orce p x p t Deform igure.4 The relation between force and deformation
10 orce P P Deform igure.5 The clamp force loss process Deform x T 1 T2 T igure.6 limit temperature point
11 Deformation (mm) boundary curve 50k temperature rise 100k temperature rise 150k temperature rise 200k temperature rise Xc c (E6 N/) igure.7 how the stiffness affect the clamp force (without external force) Deformation (mm) boundary curve 50 temperature rise 100 temperature rise 150 temperature rise 200 temperature rise Xm c (E6N/) igure.8 how the stiffness affect the clamp force (with external force)
12 East 第一壁石墨瓦螺纹副的预紧力分析 曹磊, 宋云涛 中科院等离子体物理所, 合肥 1126 信箱, 邮编 摘要 :EAST 面向等离子体的第一壁使用大量石墨瓦面对等离子体 所有的石墨瓦均使用螺栓紧固在热沉上 螺栓加载了预紧力作为石墨瓦和热沉贴合的夹紧力 保持石墨瓦和热沉紧密贴合的夹紧力非常重要, 因为紧密贴合使得热流通过石墨瓦穿越接触界面抵达热沉的热阻保持最小 没有夹紧力, 微小的间隙都可能造成石墨瓦上的热量无法被热沉里的冷却水有效带走 更糟的是夹紧力丧失使得一些螺栓在很小的外力扰动下被旋出, 从而造成石墨瓦位置变动甚至掉落 夹紧力消失的过程可以使用数学模型研究 研究结果解释了螺纹副构件不同的材料热膨胀系数是如何影响到夹紧力的变化以及螺纹副的刚度如何影响加紧力和温度之间的关系 研究给出了保持夹紧力大于零的温度极限 研究结果显示现有设计和条件使得在等离子体放电过程中第一壁的螺纹副不可避免丧失其夹紧力, 因此需要对连接副进行设计优化以提高连接的可靠性 关键词 : 夹紧力, 预紧力, 残余预紧力, 热膨胀系数
The dynamic N1-methyladenosine methylome in eukaryotic messenger RNA 报告人 : 沈胤
The dynamic N1-methyladenosine methylome in eukaryotic messenger RNA 报告人 : 沈胤 2016.12.26 研究背景 RNA 甲基化作为表观遗传学研究的重要内容之一, 是指发生在 RNA 分子上不同位置的甲基化修饰现象 RNA 甲基化在调控基因表达 剪接 RNA 编辑 RNA 稳定性 控制 mrna 寿命和降解等方面可能扮演重要角色
More informationPrincipia and Design of Heat Exchanger Device 热交换器原理与设计
Principia and Design of Heat Exchanger Device 热交换器原理与设计 School of Energy and Power Engineering, SDU Presented: 杜文静 E-mail: wjdu@sdu.edu.cn Telephone: 88399000-511 1. Spiral heat exchanger 螺旋板式热交换器 basic
More informationd) There is a Web page that includes links to both Web page A and Web page B.
P403-406 5. Determine whether the relation R on the set of all eb pages is reflexive( 自反 ), symmetric( 对 称 ), antisymmetric( 反对称 ), and/or transitive( 传递 ), where (a, b) R if and only if a) Everyone who
More informationService Bulletin-04 真空电容的外形尺寸
Plasma Control Technologies Service Bulletin-04 真空电容的外形尺寸 在安装或者拆装真空电容时, 由于真空电容的电级片很容易移位, 所以要特别注意避免对电容的损伤, 这对于过去的玻璃电容来说非常明显, 但对于如今的陶瓷电容则不那么明显, 因为它们能够承载更高的机械的 电性能的负载及热负载 尽管从外表看来电容非常结实, 但是应当注意, 由于采用焊接工艺来封装铜和陶瓷,
More informationOn the Quark model based on virtual spacetime and the origin of fractional charge
On the Quark model based on virtual spacetime and the origin of fractional charge Zhi Cheng No. 9 Bairong st. Baiyun District, Guangzhou, China. 510400. gzchengzhi@hotmail.com Abstract: The quark model
More informationGalileo Galilei ( ) Title page of Galileo's Dialogue concerning the two chief world systems, published in Florence in February 1632.
Special Relativity Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) Title page of Galileo's Dialogue concerning the two chief world systems, published in Florence in February 1632. 2 Galilean Transformation z z!!! r ' = r
More information三类调度问题的复合派遣算法及其在医疗运营管理中的应用
申请上海交通大学博士学位论文 三类调度问题的复合派遣算法及其在医疗运营管理中的应用 博士生 : 苏惠荞 导师 : 万国华教授 专业 : 管理科学与工程 研究方向 : 运作管理 学校代码 : 10248 上海交通大学安泰经济与管理学院 2017 年 6 月 Dissertation Submitted to Shanghai Jiao Tong University for the Degree of
More informationEffect of lengthening alkyl spacer on hydroformylation performance of tethered phosphine modified Rh/SiO2 catalyst
Chinese Journal of Catalysis 37 (216) 268 272 催化学报 216 年第 37 卷第 2 期 www.cjcatal.org available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chnjc Article Effect of lengthening alkyl
More information生物統計教育訓練 - 課程. Introduction to equivalence, superior, inferior studies in RCT 謝宗成副教授慈濟大學醫學科學研究所. TEL: ext 2015
生物統計教育訓練 - 課程 Introduction to equivalence, superior, inferior studies in RCT 謝宗成副教授慈濟大學醫學科學研究所 tchsieh@mail.tcu.edu.tw TEL: 03-8565301 ext 2015 1 Randomized controlled trial Two arms trial Test treatment
More information澳作生态仪器有限公司 叶绿素荧光测量中的 PAR 测量 植物逆境生理生态研究方法专题系列 8 野外进行荧光测量时, 光照和温度条件变异性非常大 如果不进行光照和温度条件的控制或者精确测量, 那么荧光的测量结果将无法科学解释
叶绿素荧光测量中的 PAR 测量 植物逆境生理生态研究方法专题系列 8 野外进行荧光测量时, 光照和温度条件变异性非常大 如果不进行光照和温度条件的控制或者精确测量, 那么荧光的测量结果将无法科学解释 Yield can vary significantly with light level and with temperature. Without controlling irradiation
More informationAtomic & Molecular Clusters / 原子分子团簇 /
Atomic & Molecular Clusters / 原子分子团簇 / 王金兰 Email: jlwang@seu.edu.cn Department of Physics Southeast University What is nanometer? Nano is Small (10-7 --10-9 m; 1-100 nm) 10 0 m 10-1 m 10-2 m 10-3 m 10-4
More informationNumerical Analysis in Geotechnical Engineering
M.Sc. in Geological Engineering: Subject No. 8183B2 Numerical Analysis in Geotechnical Engineering Hong-Hu ZHU ( 朱鸿鹄 ) School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University www.slope.com.cn Lecture
More information2. The lattice Boltzmann for porous flow and transport
Lattice Boltzmann for flow and transport phenomena 2. The lattice Boltzmann for porous flow and transport Li Chen XJTU, 2016 Mail: lichennht08@mail.xjtu.edu.cn http://gr.xjtu.edu.cn/web/lichennht08 Content
More informationSource mechanism solution
Source mechanism solution Contents Source mechanism solution 1 1. A general introduction 1 2. A step-by-step guide 1 Step-1: Prepare data files 1 Step-2: Start GeoTaos or GeoTaos_Map 2 Step-3: Convert
More informationAlternative flat coil design for electromagnetic forming using FEM
Alternative flat coil design for electromagnetic forming using FEM M. AHMED 1, S. K. PANTHI 1, N. RAMAKRISHNAN 2, A. K. JHA 1, A. H. YEGNESWARAN 1, R. DASGUPTA 1, S. AHMED 3 1. Advanced Materials and Processes
More informationCooling rate of water
Cooling rate of water Group 5: Xihui Yuan, Wenjing Song, Ming Zhong, Kaiyue Chen, Yue Zhao, Xiangxie Li 目录. Abstract:... 2. Introduction:... 2 2.. Statement of the problem:... 2 2.2 objectives:... 2 2.3.
More information复合功能 VZθ 执行器篇 Multi-Functional VZθActuator
篇 Multi-Functional VZθActuator VZθ 系列 VZθ Series 应用 KSS 微型滚珠丝杆花键 (BSSP), 在同一产品里实现直线运动 (z), 旋转 (θ), 吸附 (Vacuum) 功能的模组化产品 The brand new products which applied the KSS miniature Ball Screw with Ball Spline
More informationSynthesis of PdS Au nanorods with asymmetric tips with improved H2 production efficiency in water splitting and increased photostability
Chinese Journal of Catalysis 39 (2018) 407 412 催化学报 2018 年第 39 卷第 3 期 www.cjcatal.org available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chnjc Communication (Special Issue of
More information0 0 = 1 0 = 0 1 = = 1 1 = 0 0 = 1
0 0 = 1 0 = 0 1 = 0 1 1 = 1 1 = 0 0 = 1 : = {0, 1} : 3 (,, ) = + (,, ) = + + (, ) = + (,,, ) = ( + )( + ) + ( + )( + ) + = + = = + + = + = ( + ) + = + ( + ) () = () ( + ) = + + = ( + )( + ) + = = + 0
More informationAPPROVAL SHEET 承认书 厚膜晶片电阻承认书 -CR 系列. Approval Specification for Thick Film Chip Resistors - Type CR 厂商 : 丽智电子 ( 昆山 ) 有限公司客户 : 核准 Approved by
承认书 APPROVAL SHEET 厂商 : 丽智电子 ( 昆山 ) 有限公司客户 : Supplier: customer: 核准 Approved by 审核 Checked by 制作 Prepared by 核准 Approved by 审核 Checked by 制作 Prepared by 地址 : 江苏省昆山市汉浦路 989 号 Address: No. 989, Hanpu Road
More informationNi based catalysts derived from a metal organic framework for selective oxidation of alkanes
Chinese Journal of Catalysis 37 (2016) 955 962 催化学报 2016 年第 37 卷第 6 期 www.cjcatal.org available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chnjc Article (Special Issue on Environmental
More informationEffect of Gd0.2Ce0.8O1.9 nanoparticles on the oxygen evolution reaction of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 δ anode in solid oxide electrolysis cell
Chinese Journal of Catalysis 39 (2018) 1484 1492 催化学报 2018 年第 39 卷第 9 期 www.cjcatal.org available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chnjc Article Effect of GdCe0.8O1.9
More informationSynthesis of anisole by vapor phase methylation of phenol with methanol over catalysts supported on activated alumina
Chinese Journal of Catalysis 37 (216) 72 726 催化学报 216 年第 37 卷第 5 期 www.cjcatal.org available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chnjc Article Synthesis of anisole by vapor
More informationConcurrent Engineering Pdf Ebook Download >>> DOWNLOAD
1 / 6 Concurrent Engineering Pdf Ebook Download >>> DOWNLOAD 2 / 6 3 / 6 Rozenfeld, WEversheim, HKroll - Springer.US - 1998 WDuring 2005 年 3 月 1 日 - For.the.journal,.see.Conc urrent.engineering.(journal)verhagen
More informationOne step synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets for efficient catalysis of phenol removal under visible light
Chinese Journal of Catalysis 38 (217) 1711 1718 催化学报 217 年第 38 卷第 1 期 www.cjcatal.org available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chnjc Article One step synthesis of graphitic
More informationLecture English Term Definition Chinese: Public
Lecture English Term Definition Chinese: Public A Convert Change between two forms of measurements 变换 A Equilateral Triangle Triangle with equal sides and angles A FPS Units The American system of measurement.
More informationRigorous back analysis of shear strength parameters of landslide slip
Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 23(2013) 1459 1464 Rigorous back analysis of shear strength parameters of landslide slip Ke ZHANG 1, Ping CAO 1, Rui BAO 1,2 1. School of Resources and Safety Engineering,
More informationTheory of Water-Proton Spin Relaxation in Complex Biological Systems
Theory of Water-Proton Spin Relaxation in Complex Biological Systems Zhiwei Chang Doctoral Thesis by due permission of the Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund University, Sweden. The thesis will be publicly
More informationNiFe layered double hydroxide nanoparticles for efficiently enhancing performance of BiVO4 photoanode in
Chinese Journal of Catalysis 39 (218) 613 618 催化学报 218 年第 39 卷第 4 期 www.cjcatal.org available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chnjc Communication (Special Issue on Environmental
More informationMECHANICS OF MATERIALS
CHAPTER 2 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS Ferdinand P. Beer E. Russell Johnston, Jr. John T. DeWolf David F. Mazurek Lecture Notes: J. Walt Oler Texas Tech University Stress and Strain Axial Loading 2.1 An Introduction
More information系统生物学. (Systems Biology) 马彬广
系统生物学 (Systems Biology) 马彬广 通用建模工具 ( 第十四讲 ) 梗概 (Synopsis) 通用建模工具 ( 数学计算软件 ) 专用建模工具 ( 细胞生化体系建模 ) 通用建模工具 主要是各种数学计算软件, 有些是商业软件, 有些是自由软件 商业软件, 主要介绍 : MatLab, Mathematica, Maple, 另有 MuPAD, 现已被 MatLab 收购 自由软件
More informationMolecular weights and Sizes
Polymer Physcs 高分子物理 olecular weghts and Szes 高分子的分子量与尺寸 1 olecular weghts and molecular weght dstrbuton 分子量与分子量分布 Characterstcs of polymer molecular weghts 高分子的分子量的特点 The molecular weghts are very hgh,
More informationEffect of promoters on the selective hydrogenolysis of glycerol over Pt/W containing catalysts
Chinese Journal of Catalysis 37 (2016) 1513 1520 催化学报 2016 年第 37 卷第 9 期 www.cjcatal.org available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chnjc Article Effect of promoters on
More informationR&D Progress of the High Field Magnet Technology for CEPC-SPPC
R&D Progress of the High Field Magnet Technology for CEPC-SPPC Qingjin XU On behalf of the SppC magnet working group Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 2016.9.2 CEPC-SPPC
More informationCh.9 Liquids and Solids
Ch.9 Liquids and Solids 9.1. Liquid-Vapor Equilibrium 1. Vapor Pressure. Vapor Pressure versus Temperature 3. Boiling Temperature. Critical Temperature and Pressure 9.. Phase Diagram 1. Sublimation. Melting
More informationBending Deflection.
ending Deflection mi@seu.edu.cn ontents The Elastic urve, Deflection & Slope ( 挠曲线 挠度和转角 ) Differential Euation of the Elastic urve( 挠曲线微分方程 ) Deflection & Slope by Integration( 积分法求挠度和转角 ) oundary onditions(
More informationGeomechanical Issues of CO2 Storage in Deep Saline Aquifers 二氧化碳咸水层封存的力学问题
Geomechanical Issues of CO2 Storage in Deep Saline Aquifers 二氧化碳咸水层封存的力学问题 Li Xiaochun( 李小春 ) Yuan Wei ( 袁维 ) Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics Chinese Academy of Science 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 Outlines ( 提纲
More information2012 AP Calculus BC 模拟试卷
0 AP Calculus BC 模拟试卷 北京新东方罗勇 luoyong@df.cn 0-3- 说明 : 请严格按照实际考试时间进行模拟, 考试时间共 95 分钟 Multiple-Choice section A 部分 : 无计算器 B 部分 : 有计算器 Free-response section A 部分 : 有计算器 B 部分 : 无计算器 总计 45 题 /05 分钟 8 题,55 分钟
More informationLecture 4-1 Nutrition, Laboratory Culture and Metabolism of Microorganisms
1896 1920 1987 2006 Lecture 4-1 Nutrition, Laboratory Culture and Metabolism of Microorganisms CHAPTER 4 in BROCK BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS Zhao Liping, Chen Feng School of Life Science and Biotechnology
More informationMASTER S DEGREE THESIS. Electrochemical Stability of Pt-Au alloy Nanoparticles and the Effect of Alloying Element (Au) on the Stability of Pt
Electrochemical Stability of P-Au Nanoparticles and the Name: Amsalu Efrem Yemene Supervisor: Prof.Chen,Bing Hui Effect of alloying Element (Au) on the stability of Pt Xiamen University, China University
More informationMultifarious function layers photoanode based on g C3N4 for
Chinese Journal of Catalysis 39 (2018) 1527 1533 催化学报 2018 年第 39 卷第 9 期 www.cjcatal.org available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chnjc Article Multifarious function
More informationIntegrating non-precious-metal cocatalyst Ni3N with g-c3n4 for enhanced photocatalytic H2 production in water under visible-light irradiation
Chinese Journal of Catalysis 4 (219) 16 167 催化学报 219 年第 4 卷第 2 期 www.cjcatal.org available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chnjc Article Integrating non-precious-metal
More informationMagnetic Co/Al2O3 catalyst derived from hydrotalcite for hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone
Chinese Journal of Catalysis 36 (2015) 1512 1518 催化学报 2015 年第 36 卷第 9 期 www.chxb.cn available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chnjc Communication (Special Issue for Excellent
More informationPore structure effects on the kinetics of methanol oxidation over nanocast mesoporous perovskites
Chinese Journal of Catalysis 37 (216) 32 42 催化学报 216 年第 37 卷第 1 期 www.cjcatal.org available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chnjc Article (Special Column on New Porous
More informationOperating characteristics of a single-stage Stirling-type pulse tube cryocooler with high cooling power at liquid nitrogen temperatures *
Sun et al. / J Zhejiang Univ-Sci A (Appl Phys & Eng) 2015 16(7):577-585 577 Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A (Applied Physics & Engineering) ISSN 1673-565X (Print); ISSN 1862-1775 (Online) www.zju.edu.cn/jzus;
More informationPhoto induced self formation of dual cocatalysts on semiconductor surface
Chinese Journal of Catalysis 39 (2018) 1730 1735 催化学报 2018 年第 39 卷第 11 期 www.cjcatal.org available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chnjc Communication Photo induced self
More informationHebei I.T. (Shanghai) Co., Ltd LED SPECIFICATION
Features/ 特征 : Single color/ 单色 High Power output/ 高功率输出 Low power consumption/ 低功耗 High reliability and long life/ 可靠性高 寿命长 Descriptions/ 描述 : Dice material/ 芯片材质 :AlGaAs Emitting Color/ 发光颜色 : Infrared
More informationChapter 22 Lecture. Essential University Physics Richard Wolfson 2 nd Edition. Electric Potential 電位 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 22 Lecture Essential University Physics Richard Wolfson 2 nd Edition Electric Potential 電位 Slide 22-1 In this lecture you ll learn 簡介 The concept of electric potential difference 電位差 Including
More informationA new approach to inducing Ti 3+ in anatase TiO2 for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production
Chinese Journal of Catalysis 39 (2018) 510 516 催化学报 2018 年第 39 卷第 3 期 www.cjcatal.org available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chnjc Article (Special Issue of Photocatalysis
More informationInfluence of nickel(ii) oxide surface magnetism on molecule adsorption: A first principles study
Chinese Journal of Catalysis 38 (2017) 1736 1748 催化学报 2017 年第 38 卷第 10 期 www.cjcatal.org available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chnjc Article Influence of nickel(ii)
More informationGRE 精确 完整 数学预测机经 发布适用 2015 年 10 月考试
智课网 GRE 备考资料 GRE 精确 完整 数学预测机经 151015 发布适用 2015 年 10 月考试 20150920 1. n is an integer. : (-1)n(-1)n+2 : 1 A. is greater. B. is greater. C. The two quantities are equal D. The relationship cannot be determined
More informationInfluence of surface strain on activity and selectivity of Pd based catalysts for the hydrogenation of acetylene: A DFT study
Chinese Journal of Catalysis 39 (2018) 1493 1499 催化学报 2018 年第 39 卷第 9 期 www.cjcatal.org available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chnjc Article Influence of surface strain
More informationZinc doped g C3N4/BiVO4 as a Z scheme photocatalyst system for water splitting under visible light
Chinese Journal of Catalysis 39 (218) 472 478 催化学报 218 年第 39 卷第 3 期 www.cjcatal.org available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chnjc Article (Special Issue of Photocatalysis
More informationLecture 2. Random variables: discrete and continuous
Lecture 2 Random variables: discrete and continuous Random variables: discrete Probability theory is concerned with situations in which the outcomes occur randomly. Generically, such situations are called
More informationUSTC SNST 2014 Autumn Semester Lecture Series
USTC SNST 2014 Autumn Semester Lecture Series Title: Introduction to Tokamak Fusion Energy Nuclear Science and Technology Research and Development (R&D) L8 A: Putting it all together: the box and thinking
More informationPhase-field simulations of forced flow effect on dendritic growth perpendicular to flow
Phase-field simulations of forced flow effect on dendritic growth perpendicular to flow WANG Zhi-ping 1,, WANG Jun-wei 1, ZHU Chang-sheng 1, 3, FENG Li 1, XIAO Rong-zhen 1 1. State Key Laboratory of Gansu
More informationNANOMATERIALES DE CARBONO
29 Resultados Datos actualizados a 02/01/2018 [17:04:00] Solicitudes publicadas en los últimos 60 días (excluida automoción) / Applications published in the last 60 days (Automotion publications excluded)
More informationGiant magnetoresistance in Fe/SiO 2 /p-si hybrid structure under non-equilibrium conditions
Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 24(2014) 3158 3163 Giant magnetoresistance in Fe/SiO 2 /p-si hybrid structure under non-equilibrium conditions N. V. VOLKOV 1, 2, A. S. TARASOV 1, A. O. GUSTAJCEV 1, 2,
More informationFabrication of ultrafine Pd nanoparticles on 3D ordered macroporous TiO2 for enhanced catalytic activity during diesel soot combustion
Chinese Journal of Catalysis 39 (2018) 606 612 催化学报 2018 年第 39 卷第 4 期 www.cjcatal.org available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chnjc Communication (Special Issue on
More information通量数据质量控制的理论与方法 理加联合科技有限公司
通量数据质量控制的理论与方法 理加联合科技有限公司 通量变量 Rn = LE + H + G (W m -2 s -1 ) 净辐射 潜热 感热 地表热 通量 通量 通量 通量 Fc (mg m -2 s -1 ) 二氧化碳通量 τ [(kg m s -1 ) m -2 s -1 ] 动量通量 质量控制 1. 概率统计方法 2. 趋势法 3. 大气物理依据 4. 测定实地诊断 5. 仪器物理依据 '
More informationUltrasonic synthesis of CoO/graphene nanohybrids as high performance anode materials for lithium ion batteries
Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 22(2012) 2517 2522 Ultrasonic synthesis of CoO/graphene nanohybrids as high performance anode materials for lithium ion batteries CHEN Bing di 1, 2, PENG Cheng xin 1,
More informationEffect of Polarization on Mechanical Properties of Lead Zirconate Titanate Ceramics
第 30 卷第 2 期无机材料学报 Vol. 30 No. 2 2015 年 2 月 Journal of Inorganic Materials Feb., 2015 Article ID: 1000-324X(2015)02-0219-06 DOI: 10.15541/jim20140360 Effect of Polarization on Mechanical Properties of Lead
More informationEnhancement of the activity and durability in CO oxidation over silica supported Au nanoparticle catalyst via CeOx modification
Chinese Journal of Catalysis 39 (2018) 1608 1614 催化学报 2018 年第 39 卷第 10 期 www.cjcatal.org available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chnjc Article Enhancement of the activity
More information3D thermal analysis of a permanent magnet motor with cooling fans
3D thermal analysis of a permanent magnet motor with cooling fans The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation As Published
More information深圳市凯琦佳科技股份有限公司 纳入规格书
深圳市凯琦佳科技股份有限公司 铝电解电容器 PE20450471M2J002 450V470μF Ф 35 X 50 纳入规格书 客户名称 : 物料编码 : 受领印栏 注 : 对此规格书确认后, 在确认后签名, 返传一份与敝公司 第 1 页共 8 页 Snap-in Al-capacitors 铝电解电容器 PE20450471M2J002 450V 470μF Ф 35 X 50 85 2000h
More informationRiemann s Hypothesis and Conjecture of Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer are False
Riemann s Hypothesis and Conjecture of Birch and Swinnerton-yer are False Chun-Xuan Jiang. O. Box 3924, Beijing 854 China jcxuan@sina.com Abstract All eyes are on the Riemann s hypothesis, zeta and L-functions,
More informationAnisotropic Dielectric Properties of Short Carbon Fiber Composites. FU Jin-Gang, ZHU Dong-Mei, ZHOU Wan-Cheng, LUO Fa
第 27 卷第 11 期无机材料学报 Vol. 27 No. 11 2012 年 11 月 Journal of Inorganic Materials Nov., 2012 Article ID: 1000-324X(2012)11-1223-05 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1077.2012.12364 Anisotropic Dielectric Properties of Short
More informationHydrothermal synthesis of nanosized ZSM 22 and their use in the catalytic conversion of methanol
Chinese Journal of Catalysis 37 (2016) 1381 1388 催化学报 2016 年第 37 卷第 8 期 www.cjcatal.org available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chnjc Article Hydrothermal synthesis
More informationGrowth of Cu/SSZ 13 on SiC for selective catalytic reduction of NO
Chinese Journal of Catalysis 39 (2018) 71 78 催化学报 2018 年第 39 卷第 1 期 www.cjcatal.org available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chnjc Article Growth of Cu/SSZ 13 on SiC
More information2015 年度研究活動報告理工学術院 先進理工 応用物理学科小澤徹 Department of Applied Physics, Waseda University
2015 年度研究活動報告理工学術院 先進理工 応用物理学科小澤徹 Tohru OZAWA Department of Applied Physics, Waseda University 出版された論文 R. Carles, T. Ozawa Finite time extinction for nonlinear Schrödinger equation in 1D and 2D, Commun.
More informationBiomolecule assisted, cost effective synthesis of a Zn0.9Cd0.1S solid solution for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible light
Chinese Journal of Catalysis 39 (2018) 495 501 催化学报 2018 年第 39 卷第 3 期 www.cjcatal.org available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chnjc Article (Special Issue of Photocatalysis
More informationEffects of Au nanoparticle size and metal support interaction on plasmon induced photocatalytic water oxidation
Chinese Journal of Catalysis 39 (18) 1219 1227 催化学报 18 年第 39 卷第 7 期 www.cjcatal.org available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chnjc Article Effects of Au nanoparticle
More information( 选出不同类别的单词 ) ( 照样子完成填空 ) e.g. one three
Contents 目录 TIPS: 对于数量的问答 - How many + 可数名词复数 + have you/i/we/they got? has he/she/it/kuan got? - I/You/We/They have got + 数字 (+ 可数名词复数 ). He/She/It/Kuan has got + 数字 (+ 可数名词复数 ). e.g. How many sweets
More informationMILESTONES Let there be light
http://www.nature.com/milestones/milephotons/collection/index.html MILESTONES Let there be light LETTER The conservation of photons Gilbert N. Lewis Nature 118, 874-875 (1926); doi:10.1038/118874a0
More informationProton gradient transfer acid complexes and their catalytic performance for the synthesis of geranyl acetate
Chinese Journal of Catalysis 37 (216) 2114 2121 催化学报 216 年第 37 卷第 12 期 www.cjcatal.org available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chnjc Article Proton gradient transfer
More informationavailable at journal homepage:
Chinese Journal of Catalysis 40 (2019) 141 146 催化学报 2019 年第 40 卷第 2 期 www.cjcatal.org available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chnjc Communication The origin of the
More information= lim(x + 1) lim x 1 x 1 (x 2 + 1) 2 (for the latter let y = x2 + 1) lim
1061 微乙 01-05 班期中考解答和評分標準 1. (10%) (x + 1)( (a) 求 x+1 9). x 1 x 1 tan (π(x )) (b) 求. x (x ) x (a) (5 points) Method without L Hospital rule: (x + 1)( x+1 9) = (x + 1) x+1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 (x + 1) (for the
More informationExplainable Recommendation: Theory and Applications
Explainable Recommendation: Theory and Applications Dissertation Submitted to Tsinghua University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science and
More informationtan θ(t) = 5 [3 points] And, we are given that d [1 points] Therefore, the velocity of the plane is dx [4 points] (km/min.) [2 points] (The other way)
1051 微甲 06-10 班期中考解答和評分標準 1. (10%) A plane flies horizontally at an altitude of 5 km and passes directly over a tracking telescope on the ground. When the angle of elevation is π/3, this angle is decreasing
More informationUnsupported nanoporous palladium catalyzed chemoselective hydrogenation of quinolines: Heterolytic cleavage of H2 molecule
Chinese Journal of Catalysis 39 (2018) 1746 1752 催化学报 2018 年第 39 卷第 11 期 www.cjcatal.org available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chnjc Article Unsupported nanoporous
More informationMeasurement of accelerator neutron radiation field spectrum by Extended Range Neutron Multisphere Spectrometers and unfolding program
Measurement of accelerator neutron radiation field spectrum by Extended Range Neutron Multisphere Spectrometers and unfolding program LI Guanjia( 李冠稼 ), WANG Qingbin( 王庆斌 ), MA Zhongjian( 马忠剑 ), GUO Siming(
More informationHomogeneous boron doping in a TiO2 shell supported on a TiB2 core for enhanced photocatalytic water oxidation
Chinese Journal of Catalysis 39 (218) 431 437 催化学报 218 年第 39 卷第 3 期 www.cjcatal.org available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chnjc Article (Special Issue of Photocatalysis
More informationavailable at journal homepage:
Chinese Journal of Catalysis 38 (2017) 1860 1869 催化学报 2017 年第 38 卷第 11 期 www.cjcatal.org available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chnjc Article Solid base catalysts
More informationKey Topic. Body Composition Analysis (BCA) on lab animals with NMR 采用核磁共振分析实验鼠的体内组分. TD-NMR and Body Composition Analysis for Lab Animals
TD-NMR and Body Composition Analysis for Lab Animals 时域磁共振及实验鼠体内组分的测量 Z. Harry Xie ( 谢宗海 谢宗海 ), PhD Bruker Optics, Inc. Key Topic Body Composition Analysis (BCA) on lab animals with NMR 采用核磁共振分析实验鼠的体内组分
More information上海激光电子伽玛源 (SLEGS) 样机的实验介绍
上海激光电子伽玛源 (SLEGS) 样机的实验介绍 Pan Qiangyan for SLEGS collaborators 一. 引言二. 装置布局三. 实验及其结果四. 结论 一, 引言 为建设 SLEGS 光束线提供参考和研制依据, 中科院上海应用物理研究所于 2005 年成立了以徐望研究员为组长的 SLEGS 小组, 开展 SLEGS 样机的实验工作 ; 在中科院知识创新工程方向性项目 (
More informationChapter 6. Series-Parallel Circuits ISU EE. C.Y. Lee
Chapter 6 Series-Parallel Circuits Objectives Identify series-parallel relationships Analyze series-parallel circuits Determine the loading effect of a voltmeter on a circuit Analyze a Wheatstone bridge
More informationChapter 10 ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS, AND ETHERS
Chapter 10 ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS, AND ETHERS The next several chapters deal with the chemistry of various oxygen-containing functional groups. The interplay of these important classes of compounds alcohols,
More informationChapter 1 Linear Regression with One Predictor Variable
Chapter 1 Linear Regression with One Predictor Variable 許湘伶 Applied Linear Regression Models (Kutner, Nachtsheim, Neter, Li) hsuhl (NUK) LR Chap 1 1 / 41 Regression analysis is a statistical methodology
More informationTorsion.
Torsion mi@seu.edu.cn Contents Introduction to Torsion( 扭转简介 ) Examples of Torsion Shafts( 扭转轴示例 ) Sign Convention of Torque( 扭矩符号规则 ) Torque Diagram( 扭矩图 ) Power & Torque( 功率与扭矩 ) Internal Torque & Stress
More informationElectrocatalytic water oxidation by a nickel oxide film derived from a molecular precursor
Chinese Journal of Catalysis 38 (2017) 1812 1817 催化学报 2017 年第 38 卷第 11 期 www.cjcatal.org available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chnjc Article Electrocatalytic water
More information2014 年 8 月微纳电子技术第 51 卷第 8 期 Micronanoelectronic Technology Vol.51 No.8August 2014 硅纳米晶存储器的耐受性研究姜丹丹 1,2, 霍宗亮 2, 靳磊 2, 杨潇楠 2, 王永 2, 刘明 2
2014 年 8 月微纳电子技术第 51 卷第 8 期 Micronanoelectronic Technology Vol.51 No.8August 2014 硅纳米晶存储器的耐受性研究姜丹丹 1,2, 霍宗亮 2, 靳磊 2, 杨潇楠 2, 王永 2, 刘明 2 (1. 成都信息工程学院通信工程学院, 成都 610225; 2. 中国科学院微电子研究所, 北京 100029) 摘要 : 首先介绍了硅纳米晶粒的制备工艺以及硅纳米晶存储器件的基本特性
More informationPreparation of LaMnO3 for catalytic combustion of vinyl chloride
Chinese Journal of Catalysis 38 (2017) 1406 1412 催化学报 2017 年第 38 卷第 8 期 www.cjcatal.org available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chnjc Article Preparation of LaMnO3
More information5. Polymorphism, Selection. and Phylogenetics. 5.1 Population genetics. 5.2 Phylogenetics
5. Polymorphism, Selection 5.1 Population genetics and Phylogenetics Polymorphism in the genomes Types of polymorphism Measure of polymorphism Natural and artificial selection: the force shaping the genomes
More informationSurface treatment effect on the photocatalytic hydrogen generation of CdS/ZnS core shell microstructures
hinese Journal of atalysis 38 (217) 489 497 催化学报 217 年第 38 卷第 3 期 www.cjcatal.org available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chnjc rticle Surface treatment effect on the
More informationHighly effective electrochemical water oxidation by copper oxide film generated in situ from Cu(II) tricine complex
Chinese Journal of Catalysis 39 (218) 479 486 催化学报 218 年第 39 卷第 3 期 www.cjcatal.org available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chnjc Article (Special Issue of Photocatalysis
More informationVisible light responsive carbon decorated p type semiconductor CaFe2O4 nanorod photocatalyst for efficient remediation of organic pollutants
Chinese Journal of Catalysis 38 (217) 177 1779 催化学报 217 年第 38 卷第 1 期 www.cjcatal.org available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chnjc Article Visible light responsive
More informationSteering plasmonic hot electrons to realize enhanced full spectrum photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Chinese Journal of Catalysis 39 (2018) 453 462 催化学报 2018 年第 39 卷第 3 期 www.cjcatal.org available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chnjc Article (Special Issue of Photocatalysis
More informationLecture 13 Metabolic Diversity 微生物代谢的多样性
Lecture 13 Metabolic Diversity 微生物代谢的多样性 Chapter 17 in BROCK BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS School of Life Science and Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong University http://micro.sjtu.edu.cn I. The Phototrophic
More informationDigital Image Processing. Point Processing( 点处理 )
Digital Image Processing Point Processing( 点处理 ) Point Processing of Images In a digital image, point = pixel. Point processing transforms a pixel s value as function of its value alone; it it does not
More information