Physics 2A Chapter 1 Notes - Units Fall 2017
|
|
- Barbra Walters
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 A summary of the topics in the following notes: Fundamental quantities are time, length and mass. Every other definition we will make this semester will be a combination of these. An expressed quantity must include units to have physical meaning. There is only one designated SI unit for each concept we will define. There are many non-standard i.e. not SI) unites for each concept. A conversion factor can be used to express a quantity in different units. Scientific notation and unit prefixes are convenient ways to express very large or small numbers. Fundamental Quantities Physics, and science in general, is quantitative. That is, we measure or quantify) things. Most of what we will do this semester is make definitions of the things we measure in physics, and see how those definitions and measurements relate to the other definitions and their measurements. Measurements require two things: a numerical value and corresponding units. A number can only represent something physical i.e. a measurement) if it is accompanied by units. Our first three definitions are categorized as fundamental quantities: time distance or length mass These three quantities are fundamental because they are the basic building blocks that we will use to make all of our other definitions. In this sense, physics is pretty simple: our entire semester is really about studying time, distance and mass. SI Units There are many units we can use to measure time: seconds, minutes, hours, days, years. The ability to use different units is important because it allows us to express very large or very small quantities with numbers that are reasonable. For example, your age in years is a relative reasonable number around 20?), but expressing your age in seconds around 700 billion) would be unreasonable. A range of units can be useful for keeping our numbers reasonable, it creates serious problems when we try to combine measurements in calculations. For this reason the standard unit system, formally referred to as systeme internationale or SI was established in the mid-19 th century. The strength of the Page 1 of 6
2 SI units is that each definition has one designated standard or SI unit, and when SI units are combined in a calculation, the resulting combination is by definition) the SI unit of the result. SI units combine to form other SI units. We will use this principle when creating units for new definitions and for calculating units for the answers at the end of each problem i.e. if all of the factors are expressed in SI units, we know the answer will also be in SI units.) For our three fundamental concepts of time, length or distance) and mass: Concept: time length mass SI Unit is the: second meter kilogram Any unit of measurement that is not an SI unit is referred to as a non-standard unit. Non-standard units can be very useful, especially if they allow us to express quantities with smaller numbers i.e. it might be more convenient to use miles instead of meters to express large distances.) When should you or can you use SI units versus non-standard units? Always use SI units if your calculation is complicated. Use non-standard units to keep the numerical values reasonable. What is a reasonable number? It s no coincidence that we use a base-10 number system and we have ten fingers. From the day we re born we are taxed with trying to figure out what is going on our poor baby brains!) And what do we see more of than anything else? Ten little things sticking out of our little hands. The quantity of ten is etched into our brains. But our brains also quickly learn spatial relationships and we are very good at being able to see things up to 10 times 10, or 100. Our brains have a difficult time conceptualizing numbers beyond that, especially thousands or beyond. Think about this: if you have to estimate the number of people in our classroom, you can do it at a glance; it s easy for us to accurately see about 30 or 40 people. In contrast, if you re in a crowded stadium, you know there are thousands of people with you... but our brains don t even try to look and quantify the number of people. It could be 5000, 10,000 or a hundred thousand. To us it just looks like a lot of people. For this reason, we can claim that reasonable numbers are those that our brains are comfortable with, that our brains can see. This would be numbers a few hundred or less. Scientific Notation While non-standard units can be used to help us express our values with reasonable numbers, we can also achieve this by using scientific notation. Scientific notation allows us to express unreasonable numbers in a way that appears reasonable. For example, if you had to express your age in SI units of seconds, 6.23 x 10 9 seconds seems a little easier to look at than 623,000,000 seconds. Page 2 of 6
3 Scientific notation is relatively simple: express your value in decimal form with three significant figures i.e. two decimal places) followed by x 10?? where?? is replaced with the appropriate number for your value. For example: 325,000,000 seconds becomes 3.25 x 10 8 s 19,400,000,000 meters becomes 1.94 x m Scientific notation can also be used for very small numbers, i.e. numbers much less than one. In this case, the exponent on the 10 will be negative. For example: kilogram becomes 8.25 x 10-6 kg The advantage to using scientific notation is that it allows us to express very large or very small numbers in a convenient, compact form. For this reason, you should avoid using scientific notation for numbers that would result in an exponent between 3 and 3 i.e to 10-3 ). There is nothing wrong with using scientific notation within this range, but it does not help write your value in a simpler way. Prefixes Another way to express very large numbers in a simpler, more compact way is through the use of prefixes. A prefix is simply a letter attached to the front of the unit notation. The letter is shorthand notation for some number of factors of ten. In essence, prefixes are a shorthand way of writing a number in scientific notation. The prefixes you will use most often are: Prefix name Prefix abbreviation Prefix meaning Giga G x 10 9 Mega M x 10 6 kilo k x 10 3 centi c x 10-2 milli m x 10-3 micro µ x 10-6 nano n x 10-9 This is not a complete list of available prefixes; additional prefixes are defined for numbers greater than 10 9 and smaller than 10-6, but we will not use those prefixes this semester. Prefixes and scientific notation are interchangeable; that is, scientific notation can be replaced with a prefix, and prefixes can be replaced with their equivalent scientific notation. For example: Page 3 of 6
4 328 km is the same as 328 x 10 3 m or 3.28 x 10 5 m 21.4 µs is the same as 21.4 x 10-6 s or 2.14 x10-5 s Prefixes are very easy to use when expressing values because they can simply be attached to units. However, when you are calculating, all prefixes should be converted into their equivalent factors of ten. This ensures that all values are expressed in standard units with no prefixes. Unit Conversions If you encounter information in non-standard units, you might need to convert the values to standard units so that you can then use the values in your calculations. You also might want to convert values into non-standard units so that the values can be expressed in a simpler way. Converting units is simple, but the rules for the unit conversion process should always be followed: 1. Write the original value, with its units, in parentheses. 2. To the right of the original value, write a pair of parentheses for your unit conversion factor. 3. Write the unit conversion factor in the parentheses: a fraction in which the numerator and denominator are equivalent values in different units. The units of your conversion factor should be chosen so that the units of the original value can be algebraically eliminated and the new units can be introduced. Once your unit conversion is properly written, you can then calculate units, factors of ten and the number of your newly converted value in that order). Note that the first two of these three items should not involve a calculator. Only the last step, calculation of the number, might require a calculator. A few simple examples: 1609 m ) 3.16 miles 1 mile ) = 5080 m 3600 s ) 1.47 hr 1 hr ) = 5290 s 1609 m ) 13.4 ft 5280 ft ) = 4.08 m Page 4 of 6
5 Notice in the last example that in the first two examples the conversion factor included a 1. Many times you will be able to write the conversion factor this way, i.e. 1 mile is equal to 1609 meters, 1 hour is equal to 3600 seconds. But you are not restricted to this form. The only requirement for a conversion factor is that the numerator and denominator are equivalent. In the third conversion factor I chose to use the fact that one mile is equivalent to both 1609 meters and 5280 feet. Since a conversion factor is equivalent to one, you can multiply by multiple conversion factors while still retaining the original value although in different units). This can be useful if there is not an obvious direct equivalence between the given units and those to which you would like to convert i.e. converting years into seconds) or if the original units are compound units i.e. a combination of fundamental units) and you must convert the components of the units separately. For example, when converting years into seconds, you might choose to first convert into days and hours: 365 day 24 hr 3600 s ) 4.23 yr 1 yr ) 1 day ) 1 hr ) = 1.33 x 108 s Or you might need to convert a speed from miles per hour to meters per second: 1609 m 1 hr ) 100 mile/hr 1 mile ) 3600 s ) = 44.7 m/s Be very careful when converting units that have an exponent! You will usually see these units when you are working with volumes and areas. For example, a volume might be expressed in m 3 or in 3 or cm 3. Unfortunately, sometimes these units are written cubic meters, or cu in or cc. It is very important to recognize that when you are working with these units, whether written explicitly with an exponent or not, the unit actually expresses multiple factors of a basic unit. That is, m 3 really means meter times meter times meter. If you want to convert a unit with an exponent to another unit with an exponent, you must convert each factor of the unit. For example, to convert inches cubed to meters cubed: 8.76 in3 1 m 1 m 1 m ) in ) in ) in ) = 1.43 x 10-4 m 3 Notice that the three conversion factors are identical. You can write them, using standard algebraic definitions, as one conversion factor cubed : 8.76 in3 1 m 3 ) in ) = 1.43 x 10-4 m 3 Page 5 of 6
6 If you choose this notation, be careful: the exponent on the conversion factor must be applied to everything with the conversion factor. That is, you have to cube the m, cube the in and cube the Be very careful of prefixes on units with an exponent! Based on the description of prefixes above, you might assume that a value of 20.0 cc, which means 20.0 cm 3, is the same as 20.0 x 10-2 m 3. Notice that I simply rewrote the c as x But this is WRONG! Unfortunately, we get a bit lazy sometimes when we get comfortable with the notation we are using, and our use of units like cm 3 is a prime example. cm 3 actually means cm) 3 or x 10-2 ) 3 m 3 or x 10-6 m 3 The cube on the cm refers to cubing a centimeter, i.e. it is one cm by one cm by one cm. You can verify this connection by formally converting one cc to meter cubed: 1.00 cm3 1 m 1 m 1 m ) 100 cm ) 100 cm ) 100 cm ) = 1.00 x 10-6 m 3 Be very careful when converting a unit that includes a prefix and an exponent. Finally, when converting areas and volumes take extra care when using units that are direct units of volumes and areas. For example, gallons and liters are units of volumes. Acres and hectares are units of area. You can convert directly from meters cubed to gallons, since both are units of volume; i.e. you do not need multiple conversion factors m3 ) 1 m 3 ) gal = 623 gal Page 6 of 6
QUANITY NAME OF UNIT ABBREVIATION length meter m mass kilogram kg time second s
Mathematics Review Sheet AP Physics 1 Systems of Units Physics involves an objective description of the world, so measurement is a crucial tool. In measuring, we make use of a group of standard units comprising
More information2 Standards of Measurement
What You ll Learn the SI units and symbols for length, volume, mass, density, time, and temperature how to convert related SI units 2 Standards of Measurement (A), 2(D), 2(C), 2(E) Before You Read If someone
More informationWhat are these standards? Who decides what they are? How many Standards should we have?
AP Physics Summer Work: Read the following notes from our first unit. Answer any questions. Do the Algebra Review Sheet. This will allow us to go through this unit very quickly upon your return. PHYSICAL
More informationUnit Conversions. O Keefe - LBHS
Unit Conversions O Keefe - LBHS Unit Conversion Necessary in science and engineering to work across different systems of measurement or to express quantities in different units within a single system Unit
More informationUnit I: Measurements A. Significant figures B. Rounding numbers C. Scientific notation D. Using electronic calculators E.
Unit I: Measurements A. Significant figures B. Rounding numbers C. Scientific notation D. Using electronic calculators E. Using sig figs in arithmetic operations F. The metric system G. Problem solving
More informationAP Environmental Science Math Prep
AP Environmental Science Math Prep Courtesy of Kara House, Franklin Central High School, Indiana This year in APES you will hear the two words most dreaded by high school students NO CALCULATORS! That
More informationToday is Tuesday, February 13 th, 2018
In This Lesson: Scientific Notation and Unit Analysis (Lesson 4 of 6) Today is Tuesday, February 13 th, 2018 Stuff You Need: Calculator Pre-Class: By now you ve probably heard of scientific notation. What
More informationChapter 2 Measurements & Calculations. Quantity: A thing that can be measured. ex. Length (6.3 ft), mass (35 kg), and time (7.2 s)
Chapter 2 Measurements & Calculations Quantity: A thing that can be measured. ex. Length (6.3 ft), mass (35 kg), and time (7.2 s) Measurements can be expressed in a variety of units: Example: length(cm,
More informationChemistry Basic Science Concepts. Observations: are recorded using the senses. Examples: the paper is white; the air is cold; the drink is sweet.
Note Packet # 1 1 Chemistry: the study of matter. Chemistry Basic Science Concepts Matter: anything that has mass and occupies space. Observations: are recorded using the senses. Examples: the paper is
More informationUnits and Dimensionality
Chapter 1 Units and Dimensionality If somebody asked me how tall I am, I might respond 1.78. But what do I mean by that? 1.78 feet? 1.78 miles? In fact, my height is 1.78 meters. Most physical measurements
More information2 Standards for Measurement. Careful and accurate measurements of ingredients are important both when cooking and in the chemistry laboratory!
2 Standards for Measurement Careful and accurate measurements of ingredients are important both when cooking and in the chemistry laboratory! Chapter Outline 2.1 Scientific Notation 2.2 Measurement and
More informationMeasuring Time, Space, and Matter. Units of Measurement
Measuring Time, Space, and Matter Physics is an experimental science. To understand physics we must be able to connect our theoretical description of nature with our experimental observations of nature.
More informationCHAPTER TWO: MEASUREMENTS AND PROBLEM SOLVING
CHAPTER TWO: MEASUREMENTS AND PROBLEM SOLVING Measurements: Our Starting Point! Why should we begin our study of chemistry with the topic of measurement?! Much of the laboratory work in this course is
More informationContents Decimals Averages Percentages Metric Units Scientific Notation Dimensional Analysis
This year in APES you will hear the two words most dreaded by high school students NO CALCULATORS! That s right, you cannot use a calculator on the AP Environmental Science exam. Since the regular tests
More informationScientific Measurement
A measurement is a quantity that has both a number and a unit Some numbers encountered in science can be either very large or very small We use scientific notation to make those numbers easier to work
More informationCo Curricular Data Analysis Review
Chapter Vocabulary Co Curricular Data Analysis Review Base Unit Second (s) Meter (m) Kilogram (kg) Kelvin (K) Derived unit Liter Density Scientific notation Dimensional analysis (Equality) not in book
More informationPHYSICS. Chapter 1 Review. Rounding Scientific Notation Factor Label Conversions
PHYSICS Chapter 1 Review Rounding Scientific Notation Factor Label Conversions The Tools Of PHYSICS Metric Prefixes Prefix Symbol Meaning Kilo K 1000 Deci d tenth Centi c hundreth Milli m thousandth Prefix
More informationToday is Thursday, February 11 th, 2016
In This Lesson: Scientific Notation and Unit Analysis (Lesson 4 of 6) Today is Thursday, February 11 th, 2016 Stuff You Need: Calculator Paper Towel Pre-Class: By now you ve probably heard of scientific
More informationUsing the Metric System
C H E M I S TRY I METRIC REVIEW Using the Metric System On Sept., 1999, a $15 million Mars orbiter went missing. The loss occurred because the engineering team that designed part of the orbiter used Imperial
More informationChapter 2 Measurements and Solving Problems
History of Measurement Chapter 2 Measurements and Solving Problems Humans once used handy items as standards or reference tools for measurement. Ex: foot, cubit, hand, yard. English System the one we use.
More informationCHEM 100 Principles Of Chemistry. Chapter 2 - Quantitative Science
CHEM 100 Principles Of Chemistry Chapter 2 - Quantitative Science 2.1 Quantitative Science Much of the power of science comes from its quantitative aspects From observations that Coke sinks in water and
More informationBasic math skills you should already have
Basic math skills you should already have Physics 102 Goderya Why Measurements? A basic scientific activity Measure is to gain information. Measurements allow us to compare Example: A body temperature
More informationPHYS133 Lab 1 Math Review
PHYS133 Lab 1 Goal: To review mathematical concepts that will be used in this course. What You Turn In: The worksheet in this manual. Background: This course requires the use of several concepts from high
More informationMeasurements and Calculations. Chapter 2
Measurements and Calculations Chapter 2 Qualitative Observations: General types of observations. Easy to determine. Not necessarily precise. I have many fingers, the speed limit is fast, class is long,
More informationMeasurements in Chemistry
Measurements in Chemistry Measurements are part of our daily lives. We measure our weight, driving distances and gallons of gasoline. A health professional might measure blood pressure, temperature and
More informationThe Nature of Science
chapter 1 The Nature of Science section 2 Standards of Measurement Before You Read If someone asked you how wide your desk is, how would you measure it? Would you measure using inches, centimeters, feet,
More information1. Metric system- developed in Europe (France) in 1700's, offered as an alternative to the British or English system of measurement.
Basics Review of Math I. MATHEMATICS REVIEW A. Decimal Fractions, basics and definitions 1. Decimal Fractions - a fraction whose deonominator is 10 or some multiple of 10 such as 100, 1000, 10000, etc.
More informationIn chemistry we use metric units (called SI units after the French term for Systeme internationale.
Metric system / SI units: In chemistry we use metric units (called SI units after the French term for Systeme internationale. SI units: The SI units we ll be primarily concerned with are shown here: Base
More informationEQ: How do I convert between standard form and scientific notation?
EQ: How do I convert between standard form and scientific notation? HW: Practice Sheet Bellwork: Simplify each expression 1. (5x 3 ) 4 2. 5(x 3 ) 4 3. 5(x 3 ) 4 20x 8 Simplify and leave in standard form
More informationThe Metric System & Conversions
Purpose of this lab: The purpose of this lab exercise is for you to become familiar with basic measurements in metric units (SI), English units, and conversions between the two systems. Assignment Objectives:
More informationchapter 3 Measurement I. Making Measurements Using the Metric System Introduction
Measurement JJ Introduction If you become a nurse, a physical therapist, a biologist, or just about anything to do with science, you will be asked to measure things. Measuring things may seem trivial,
More informationPre-Lab 0.2 Reading: Measurement
Name Block Pre-Lab 0.2 Reading: Measurement section 1 Description and Measurement Before You Read Weight, height, and length are common measurements. List at least five things you can measure. What You
More informationSolutions to: Units and Calculations Homework Problem Set Chemistry 145, Chapter 1
to: Units and Calculations Homework Problem Set Chemistry 145, Chapter 1 1. Give the name and abbreviation of the SI Unit for: a. Length meter m b. Mass kilogram kg c. Time second s d. Electric Current
More informationAP Physics 1 Mr. Perkins June 2014 SUMMER WORK FOR AP PHYSICS 1 STUDENTS
AP Physics 1 Mr. Perkins June 2014 SUMMER WORK FOR 2014-2015 AP PHYSICS 1 STUDENTS 1. Read Chapter 1 of Textbook (Giancoli pp.1-17). Make a list of questions about any topics you would like clarified on
More informationTopic 8: Measurement
137 Topic 8: Measurement Topic 1 Integers Topic 2 Decimals Topic 3 Fractions Topic 4 Ratios Topic 5 Percentages Topic 6 Algebra Topic 7 Equations and Formulae Topic 8 Measurement Duration 2 weeks Content
More informationLAB EXERCISE: Basic Laboratory Techniques
LAB EXERCISE: Basic Laboratory Techniques Introduction Scientists use measurements in describing objects and these measurements are based on universally accepted standards. A measurement of height specifies
More informationMeasurement: Things To Know Vocabulary: units dimension US Customary System Metric System
Objectives: 1. Identify units of measurement in the US Customary and Metric systems. 2. Compare attributes of objects to units of measurement of length, area, and volume. 3. Convert units of measured quantities
More informationChemistry I Chapter 3 Scientific Measurement
Chemistry I Chapter 3 Scientific Measurement Learning Goals: 1. Students will understand how to use scientific measurement as a method of quantifying matter. 2. Students will be able to represent measurements
More informationGCE Physics Transition Work
GCE Physics Transition Work Mr Spafford: Mathematics and Waves Name: NB: Thanks go to the other physics teachers over the years, from whose work this booklet has been compiled. Unfortunately, the source
More informationCHM Units and Dimensional Analysis (r14) Charles Taylor 1/6
CHM 110 - Units and Dimensional Analysis (r14) - 2014 Charles Taylor 1/6 Introduction Units are critical in all measurements. If you don't tell someone a unit when you tell them a number, they're not likely
More informationAP Environmental Science Math Prep
AP Environmental Science Math Prep This year in APES you will hear the two words most dreaded by high school students NO CALCULATORS! That s right, you cannot use a calculator on the AP Environmental Science
More informationMetric System Lab. General Biology Mr. Enriquez. Name: Date: Period:
Metric System Lab Background: The metric system is a system of measurement universally used in the sciences for expressing different dimensions. The metric system is used to make comparisons of quantities
More informationIntroduction. The Scientific Method and Measurement
Introduction The Scientific Method and Measurement Defining How We Look At The Universe Observation: seeing an event or process in nature we wish to explain Hypothesis: a tentative explanation based on
More informationThe Metric System and Measurement
The Metric System and Measurement Introduction The metric system is the world standard for measurement. Not only is it used by scientists throughout the world, but most nations have adopted it as their
More informationCh. 2 Notes: ANALYZING DATA MEASUREMENT NOTE: Vocabulary terms are in boldface and underlined. Supporting details are in italics.
Ch. 2 Notes: ANALYZING DATA MEASUREMENT NOTE: Vocabulary terms are in boldface and underlined. Supporting details are in italics. I. Units and Measurement - Metrics A. The International System of Units
More informationMeasurement and Units. An Introduction to Chemistry By Mark Bishop
Measurement and Units An Introduction to Chemistry By Mark Bishop Values from Measurements A value is a quantitative description that includes both a unit and a number. For 100 meters, the meter is a unit
More informationG302 - Basics Review of Math and Algebra
G302 - Basics Review of Math and Algebra I. MATHEMATICS REVIEW A. Decimal Fractions, basics and definitions 1. Decimal Fractions - a fraction whose deonominator is 10 or some multiple of 10 such as 100,
More informationAdvanced Physics Summer Assignment.
Advanced Physics Summer Assignment. Part 1 - Review /Read through the notes provided. Part 2 Assignment: Complete the math assignment sections that follow the notes. Metric Units & Conversion Multiplier
More informationTable One. Mass of a small package using three different measurement methods
MS20 Laboratory Scientific Measurements and the Metric System Objectives To understand how to make measurements utilizing various instruments To learn how to use the metric system To convert between the
More informationMEASUREMENTS. Significant Figures
SIGNIFICANT FIGURES MEASUREMENTS Significant Figures Every measured value, that you record on paper, reflects the precision of the measuring device used to obtain that value. Every calculated value that
More informationGeneral Chemistry I Introductory Concepts. Units, dimensions, and mathematics for problem solving
General Chemistry I Introductory Concepts Units, dimensions, and mathematics for problem solving Unit Conversion What is the value of S in cm per second? S = 5x10 3 furlongs fortnight Conversion Factor:
More informationScientific Method, Units of Measurement, Scientific Notation, Significant Figures BASICS OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Scientific Method, Units of Measurement, Scientific Notation, Significant Figures BASICS OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE EQ: WHAT IS PHYSICAL SCIENCE? The sciences can be divided into 2 main branches: and Natural
More informationCHEM 2: An Introduction to Inorganic Chemistry
Dimensional Analysis: Numbers and Units: The English System of units The Metric System of units (SI) Prefixes (kilo-, centi-, milli-, etc.) A systematic method for performing unit conversions Formulating
More informationUsing Scientific Measurement
Lesson A1 4 Using Scientific Measurement Unit A. Research Problem Area 1. Scientific Investigation in Agriculture Lesson 4. Using Scientific Measurement New Mexico Content Standard: Pathway Strand: Problem
More informationChapter 1 Matter and Energy. Classifying Matter An Exercise. Chemical Classifications of Matter
Chapter 1 Matter and Energy Matter and its Classification Physical and Chemical Changes and Properties of Matter Energy and Energy Changes Scientific Inquiry 1-1 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
More informationChapter 3 Scientific Measurement
Chapter 3 Scientific Measurement Measurements 2 types: Qualitative measurements (words) Heavy, hot, or long Quantitative measurements (# s) & depend on: 1) Reliability of measuring instrument 2) Care w/
More informationScientific Notation Review
Summer Packet AP Physics B Use the internet for additional reference on the following problems. Complete all problems!! You must bring this on the first day of school it will count as your first exam!!
More informationSEVENTH EDITION and EXPANDED SEVENTH EDITION
SEVENTH EDITION and EXPANDED SEVENTH EDITION Slide 8-1 Chapter 8 The Metric System 8.1 Basic Terms and Conversions within the Metric System SI System and U.S. Customary System Most countries of the world
More information. Do the assigned problems on separate paper and show your work
Dear future AP Physics students, Here s the short story: Physics is NOT a math class. But you can t do collegelevel physics without math. So I need you to be solid in the basic math techniques that we
More informationW4 NUMBERS AND UNITS
W4 NUMBERS AND UNITS SI Base Units In almost all cases, reporting numerical results requires that the units are specified. If sports reporters announce a new world record of 9.79 s for the 100 m sprint,
More informationAnalyzing Data. Units and Measurement In your textbook, read about SI units. STUDY GUIDE. Section 2.1 CHAPTER 2. Complete the following table.
Analyzing Data Section 2.1 Units and Measurement In your textbook, read about SI units. Complete the following table. SI Base Units Quantity Base unit Unit abbreviation 1. s 2. Mass 3. kelvin 4. Length
More informationCorner Brook Regional High School
Corner Brook Regional High School Measurement and Calculations Significant Digits Scientific Notation Converting between Units Accuracy vs. Precision Scalar Quantities Distance Calculations Speed Calculations
More informationIntro to Chemistry, the Scientific Method, and Measurement
Intro to Chemistry, the Scientific Method, and Measurement Why Study Chemistry? Produce new materials New sources of energy Medicine Criminal investigations Weapons Learning Chemistry Fair amount of memorizing
More informationAP Environmental Science Math Prep
AP Environmental Science Math Prep This year in APES you will hear the two words most dreaded by high school students NO CALCULATORS! That s right, you cannot use a calculator on the AP Environmental Science
More informationIntroduction to the World of Energy
Introduction to the World of Energy 1.1 Ratios and per How can ratios simplify problem solving? How are ratios used to find efficiency? 1.2 Exponents and Scientific Notation Why is scientific notation
More informationSCIENTIFIC MEASUREMENT C H A P T E R 3
SCIENTIFIC MEASUREMENT C H A P T E R 3 WHAT IS MEASUREMENT? Comparing one object to a standard In science, we use SI Units meters, o C, grams NOT o F, pounds, ounces etc. TWO TYPES OF MEASUREMENTS 1.
More informationSkill Building Topic 1 UNDERSTANDING THE USES OF NUMBERS
Skill Building Topic 1 UNDERSTANDING THE USES OF NUMBERS Chemistry is a quantitative science. Theories are based on and supported by measurements and calculations. Most chemistry experiments involve not
More information1 Tools for Success in ASTR 105G
Name: Date: 1 Tools for Success in ASTR 105G 1.1 Introduction Astronomy is a physical science. Just like biology, chemistry, geology, and physics, astronomers collect data, analyze that data, attempt to
More informationMeasurement and Calculations
Measurement and Calculations Quantitative Observation How much? Need Measurement Measurement is the comparison of a physical quantity to be measured with a unit of measurement-that is a fixed standard
More informationChemistry is a course based on regular laboratory investigations of matter, chemical reactions, and the role of energy in reactions.
Honors Chemistry Summer Assignment Chemistry is a course based on regular laboratory investigations of matter, chemical reactions, and the role of energy in reactions. Honors Chemistry Summer Assignment
More informationExample 3: 4000: 1 significant digit Example 4: : 4 significant digits
Notes: Measurement and Math 1 Accuracy and Precision Precision depends on the precision of the measuring device o For example a device that can measure to the ten thousands place (1.6829 grams) is a more
More informationNotes: Measurement and Calculation
Name Chemistry-PAP Per. I. The Basics of Measurement Notes: Measurement and Calculation A. Measurement Most provide quantitative information, but because they are obtained experimentally, they are inexact.
More informationChapter: Measurement
Table of Contents Chapter: Measurement Section 1: Description and Measurement Section 2: SI Units *Section 1 Description and Measurements Measurement Measurement is a way to describe the world with numbers.
More informationChapter 1: Measuring Up
Chapter : Measuring Up Chapter : Measuring Up Introduction Chemistry is the study of matter and how it changes. When you study chemistry, then, you have to be able to analyze matter and determine whether
More informationLaboratory1: Exercise 1
3 September 2007 MAR 110 Lab1: Exercise 1 - Conversions 1 1-1. THE METRIC SYSTEM Laboratory1: Exercise 1 Metric - English Conversion [based on the Chauffe & Jefferies (2007)] The French developed the metric
More informationWhy do we care about the units? Units and Conversions. Powers of Ten. Numbers/units are important to: Scientific Notation & Sig.Figs.
Why do we care about the units? I bet the guys at NASA care! Units and Conversions Common Core 1 Ill-fated Mars Observer One team of researchers Used metric, the other English units - resulting miscalculations
More informationChapter 1 : Introduction
Chapter 1 : Introduction It is doubtless fact that people always want to know about the mysteries of nature and the world around them since they are born. So they start thinking and formulating their views
More informationInternational System of Units (SI)
Measurement International System of Units (SI) revised metric system proposed in 1960 widely used in science 7 base units SI Base Units Length Meter m Mass Kilogram kg Time Electrical current Second Ampere
More informationSolving Problems with Labeled Numbers
Solving Problems with Labeled Numbers When solving problems with labeled numbers (those with units such as grams or liters), the labels are treated in the same way as P or y in algebra. The problem is
More informationIB Physics HL Year 1 First Assignment
IB Physics HL Year 1 First Assignment Welcome to Mrs. Terzella s IB Physics HL year 1 course! I am thrilled that you are here and I am fully prepared to take you on a journey to learn concepts that are
More informationChapter 2 Measurement and Problem Solving. What Is a Measurement? Scientific Notation 8/20/09. Introductory Chemistry, 3 rd Edition Nivaldo Tro
Introductory Chemistry, 3 rd Edition Nivaldo Tro Measurement and Problem Solving Roy Kennedy Massachusetts Bay Community College Wellesley Hills, MA 2009, Prentice Hall What Is a Measurement? Quantitative
More informationStuff and Energy. Chapter 1
Stuff and Energy Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Instructional Goals 1. Explain, compare, and contrast the terms scientific method, hypothesis, and experiment. 2. Compare and contrast scientific theory and scientific
More informationWhat is Physics? It is a Science
It is a Science What is Physics? (What is science?) Physics is a physical science (as compared to earth or life science). Physics is the study of motion and energy. Science is a study Science How is science
More information1 - Astronomical Tools
ASTR 110L 1 - Astronomical Tools Purpose: To learn fundamental tools astronomers use on a daily basis. Turn in all 13 problems on a separate sheet. Due in one week at the start of class. Units All physical
More informationChapter: Measurement
Table of Contents Chapter: Measurement Section 1: Description and Measurement Section 2: SI Units *Section 1 Description and Measurements Measurement Measurement is a way to describe the world with numbers.
More informationWELCOME TO 1104 PERIOD 1
WELCOME TO 1104 PERIOD 1 Today: You will complete Activity Sheet 1 during class and turn it in at the end of class. Next Tues/Weds: Turn in Homework Exercise 1 at the beginning of class. Read chapter 2.
More informationBRCC CHM 101 Class Notes Chapter 1 Page 1 of 7
BRCC CHM 101 Class Notes Chapter 1 Page 1 of 7 Chemistry - the study of matter, its behavior and interactions. matter - anything that takes up space and has mass mass - the substance which makes up the
More informationStandards of the past
Metric Prefixes Measurement Must have a standard. A standard is an exact quantity people agree to use for comparison. A standard means two people using the same object should get close to the same results.
More informationstructure, properties changes energy ELEMENTS COMPOUNDS PHYSICAL CHEMICAL change MATTER: ATOMS WEIGHT: versus MASS: ELEMENT COMPOUND force amount
Unit 1a Matter and Energy Chemistry is 1. The study of matter (structure, properties) 2. The changes that matter undergoes and 3. The energy involved in those changes. 1. Classify substances as either
More informationIdentify the values and abbreviations for SI prefixes.
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Course: Radiological Control Technician Unit: Fundamental Academics Lesson: 1.02 Unit Analysis & Conversion Learning Objectives: 1.02.01 Identify the commonly used unit systems of
More informationAstronomy 102 Math Review
Astronomy 102 Math Review 2003-August-06 Prof. Robert Knop r.knop@vanderbilt.edu) For Astronomy 102, you will not need to do any math beyond the high-school alegbra that is part of the admissions requirements
More informationUnit 1. Scientific activity
Index Unit 1. Scientific activity 1. The scientific method...2 2.- Measurement...4 2.1 Unit transformation...4 2.2. Scientific notation...6 3. Working in the lab...7 Practice exam...9 Page 1 of 11 1. The
More information1.1 Units and unit conversions
Fundamentals This chapter reviews four important mathematical concepts and techniques that will be helpful in many quantitative problems you re likely to encounter in a college-level introductory astronomy
More informationInternational System of Units (SI)
Measurement International System of Units (SI) revised metric system proposed in 1960 widely used in science 7 base units SI Base Units Length Meter m Mass Kilogram kg Time Second s or sec Electrical current
More informationAppendix. Using Your Calculator. Squares, Square Roots, Reciprocals, and Logs. Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, and Division
370770_app.qxd 1/9/03 7:2 PM Page A1 mac114 Mac 114:2nd shift:4_rst: Using Your Calculator In this section we will review how to use your calculator to perform common mathematical operations. This discussion
More informationEveryday Conversion: Money
Everyday Conversion: Money Everyday Measurement: Water Everyday Measurement: Water Everyday Accuracy: Weighing Scales The need to measure correctly and convert! Some Interesting Quantities Length Volume
More information2 The Way Science Works
CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Science 2 The Way Science Works SECTION KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: How can you use critical thinking to solve problems? What are scientific
More informationAccelerated Chemistry Study Guide What is Chemistry? (Chapter 1)
Accelerated Chemistry Study Guide What is Chemistry? (Chapter 1) Conversion factor Density Uncertainty Significant digits/figures Precision Accuracy Percent error September 2017 Page 1 of 32 Scientific
More informationConceptual Chemistry
Conceptual Chemistry 1. Use examples to explain the various branches of science. 2. Distinguish between qualitative and quantitative observations. 3. List the SI units of measurement and common prefixes.
More informationActivity Unit Conversions
Activity 151-1 Unit Conversions Directions: This Guided Learning Activity (GLA) focuses on performing unit conversions. Part A discusses how to write conversion factors and Part B uses conversion factors
More information