Multipole moments. Dipole moment. The second moment µ is more commonly called the dipole moment, of the charge. distribution and is a vector
|
|
- Jocelyn Patterson
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Dipole moment Multipole moments The second moment µ is more commonly called the dipole moment, of the charge distribution and is a vector µ = µ x ˆx + µ y ŷ + µ z ẑ where the α component is given by µ α = qr i i α i= where α can be x, y, or z and r i is the coordinate of the i th particle relative to some origin. The dimensions of the dipole moment are charge-length and the most common unit for the dipole moment in Chemistry is the Debye, (D), and D =0-8 esu-cm. This is a cgs unit and is still used even though the official system of units in now the SI system. An easy way to convert between the systems is to note that in the cgs system the dipole moment of a proton and an electron separated by Angstrom is esu cm or 4.809D. In the SI system the same dipole moment is ( C)(0-0 M) or CM so D is equal to (.608/4.809) 0-9 CM or CM/D. In theoretical work the dipole moment is often reported in atomic units and by the same reasoning 4.809D is equal to (electron charge)(/ )a0 or au so D is equivalent to au. Conversely atomic unit of dipole moment is equal to.5459d. Calculate the dipole moment in D and au for the charge distributions given below. The distances are given in Angstroms and e is the proton charge. charge x y z e 0 e 0 - -e 0 0 0
2 charge x y z e 0 e 0 - -e How is the dipole moment affected if we shift the origin of the coordinate system to the point? The particles have not moved but are now at the terminus of the vector r i so relative to the new origin µ becomes α or µ α ( ) = q i (r iα α ) = q i r iα α i= i= i= q i µ α ( ) = µ α (0) α Q Where Q is the total charge of the distribution and if the charge distribution is neutral, Q is zero and the dipole moment is invariant to a change of origin. ote that when we move to the new origin we simply translate the coordinate system. We keep the x, y, z axis in the two systems parallel. Suppose we don t move the origin but rotate the coordinate axis keeping them orthogonal. Lets call the original coordinate axis xyzand,, the rotated system x, y, z. The vector µ is the two systems is µ = µ x ˆx + µ y ŷ + µ z ẑ = µ x ˆx + µ y ŷ + µ z ẑ Taking the dot product of both sides with primed system are all orthogonal we obtain µ x = µ x ˆx i ˆx + µ y ŷ i ˆx + µ z ẑ i ˆx ˆx, recognizing that the unit vectors in the The dot products are equal to the cosines of the angle between the various axis which we call a, a & a and so xx yx zx µ = µ a + µ a + µ a x y z x xx yx zx
3 With a similar expression for µ & µ. These relationships are often written in matrix form as µ x axx ayx a zx µ x µ = a a a µ y xy yy zy y µ z axz ayz a zz µ z y z Using the Einstein summation convention we can write the relationship between the components of the dipole moment in the rotated and un-rotated systems as µ = µ a α β βα and although the individual components of the dipole moment change when the coordinate axis are rotated, its magnitude doesnt so we must have or µ µ = µ µ α α α α µ µ = µ a µ a = µ µ a a = µ µ which requires a α α α αα β βα α β αα βα α α a = δ αα βα αβ where δαβ is the Kronecker delta which is if α = β and zero otherwise. Consider the charge distribution charge x y z e 0 e 0 - -e rotate the coordinate axis about x by 0 degrees. Compare the components and magnitude of the dipole moment in the two coordinate frames.
4 a. Calculate the interaction energy (in J and ev) between a proton at the origin and the charge distribution given below (distances are in Angstroms and e is the proton charge). charge x y z e 5 -e 6 b. Calculate the interaction energy with the proton due to the dipole moment of the distribution. Express your answer in J and ev. c. Comment on the difference between the results of parts a and b. Quadrupole and Higher Moments There are two common definitions for the quadrupole moment of a charge distribution. The first and least common in Chemistry equates the quadrupole moment tensor with the second moment tensor A αβ defined above. The second definition and the one we will use almost exclusively defines it as ote that but δ Θ = = αβ αβ qi( ξi αξiβ δαβξi ) Aαβ ξi i= i= Θ F = A F + δ F ξ 6 αβ αβ αβ αβ αβ αβ i= δαβ Fαβ Fαα α Fα α βφ φ i = = = = = 0 by Laplaces equation. So the energy of the second moment in a field gradient can be written in terms of the quadrupole moment tensor as A F = Θ F αβ αβ αβ αβ Θαβ is often called the Buckingham definition of the quadrupole moment. There are 9 elements for the quadrupole moment tensor but not all are unique. Permuting the indices doesn t change its value so Θ =Θ αβ βα
5 Additionally the tensor is traceless, so Θ =Θ +Θ +Θ = 0 αα xx yy zz So knowing any two of the diagonal elements will determine the third. In the most general case where none of the element are related by the symmetry of the charge distribution, we will have unique non-diagonal elements, Θxy, Θxz & Θ yz and any two diagonal elements for a total of 5. Symmetry often reduces this number significantly. If we have a linear charge distribution along the z axis, all non-diagonal elements are zero, and Θ xx =Θ yy = Θ and only one element is unique. zz Express the quadrupole moment tensor of the following charge distributions in terms of the charges Q and bond lengths. C array along the z axis V Atom charge x y z q q q 0 0 Planar D in the xy plane h Atom charge x y z q cos0 sin0 0 q - cos0 sin0 0 q q 0 0 0
6
7 Tetrahedral array atom charge x y z q q q 4 q 5-4q Calculate numerical values for the quadrupole tensors of the above charge distributions assuming that q= 0.eand = Angstrom. eport your results in the SI and atomic unit systems. In a similar fashion we can replace the third moment W αβγ with an octupole moment tensor defined as Ω = + + αβχ qi(5 ξi αξiβξiγ ξi ( ξi αδβγ ξiβδαγ ξi γδαβ )) i= because one can show, with the use of Laplaces equation, W F = Ω F! 5 αβγ αβγ αβγ αβγ There are 7 elements ( ) of this tensor but again not all are unique. As with the quadrupole moment, permuting any two indices doesnt change the value of the element. For example, Ω xxy =Ω xyx =Ω yxx additionally the tensor is traceless, for example Ω αα y =Ω xxy +Ω yyy +Ω zzy = 0
8 So knowing any two of the elements Ωααβ determines the third. In the most general case where none of the elements are related by the symmetry of the charge distribution, one could have a maximum of 7 unique elements. The working expression for the potential energy of a charge distribution in an electrostatic potential is then V ext = Qφ( ) µ α F α Θ αβ F αβ i5 Ω αβγ F αβγ i5i 7 Φ αβγδ F αβγδ where for completeness we include the hexadecapole moment tensor, The general formula for a multipole moment of order L is where L M αβ γ = ( )L Q L! ξ = ξ + ξ + ξ i ix iy iz i= ξ i L+ L ξ iα ξ iβ ξ iγ ξ i Φ αβγδ & 0 M = Q, M α =, µ α M αβ =Θ, αβ M αβγ =Ω, etc. αβγ
A DARK GREY P O N T, with a Switch Tail, and a small Star on the Forehead. Any
Y Y Y X X «/ YY Y Y ««Y x ) & \ & & } # Y \#$& / Y Y X» \\ / X X X x & Y Y X «q «z \x» = q Y # % \ & [ & Z \ & { + % ) / / «q zy» / & / / / & x x X / % % ) Y x X Y $ Z % Y Y x x } / % «] «] # z» & Y X»
More information( ) R kj. = y k y j. y A ( ) z A. y a. z a. Derivatives of the second order electrostatic tensor with respect to the translation of ( ) δ yβ.
Supporting information Derivatives of R with respect to the translation of fragment along the y and z axis: y = y k y j (S1) z ( = z z k j) (S2) Derivatives of S with respect to the translation of fragment
More informationChapter 9 Long range perturbation theory
Chapter 9 Long range perturbation theory 9.1 Induction energy Substitution of the expanded interaction operator leads at the first order to the multipole expression of the electrostatic interaction energy.
More informationPEAT SEISMOLOGY Lecture 2: Continuum mechanics
PEAT8002 - SEISMOLOGY Lecture 2: Continuum mechanics Nick Rawlinson Research School of Earth Sciences Australian National University Strain Strain is the formal description of the change in shape of a
More informationDielectrics. Lecture 20: Electromagnetic Theory. Professor D. K. Ghosh, Physics Department, I.I.T., Bombay
What are dielectrics? Dielectrics Lecture 20: Electromagnetic Theory Professor D. K. Ghosh, Physics Department, I.I.T., Bombay So far we have been discussing electrostatics in either vacuum or in a conductor.
More informationUnit IV State of stress in Three Dimensions
Unit IV State of stress in Three Dimensions State of stress in Three Dimensions References Punmia B.C.,"Theory of Structures" (SMTS) Vol II, Laxmi Publishing Pvt Ltd, New Delhi 2004. Rattan.S.S., "Strength
More informationNIELINIOWA OPTYKA MOLEKULARNA
NIELINIOWA OPTYKA MOLEKULARNA chapter 1 by Stanisław Kielich translated by:tadeusz Bancewicz http://zon8.physd.amu.edu.pl/~tbancewi Poznan,luty 2008 ELEMENTS OF THE VECTOR AND TENSOR ANALYSIS Reference
More informationDemonstration of the Coupled Evolution Rules 163 APPENDIX F: DEMONSTRATION OF THE COUPLED EVOLUTION RULES
Demonstration of the Coupled Evolution Rules 163 APPENDIX F: DEMONSTRATION OF THE COUPLED EVOLUTION RULES Before going into the demonstration we need to point out two limitations: a. It assumes I=1/2 for
More informationSpin Interactions. Giuseppe Pileio 24/10/2006
Spin Interactions Giuseppe Pileio 24/10/2006 Magnetic moment µ = " I ˆ µ = " h I(I +1) " = g# h Spin interactions overview Zeeman Interaction Zeeman interaction Interaction with the static magnetic field
More informationAn introduction to Solid State NMR and its Interactions
An introduction to Solid State NMR and its Interactions From tensor to NMR spectra CECAM Tutorial September 9 Calculation of Solid-State NMR Parameters Using the GIPAW Method Thibault Charpentier - CEA
More informationMECH 5312 Solid Mechanics II. Dr. Calvin M. Stewart Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at El Paso
MECH 5312 Solid Mechanics II Dr. Calvin M. Stewart Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at El Paso Table of Contents Preliminary Math Concept of Stress Stress Components Equilibrium
More informationTensor Transformations and the Maximum Shear Stress. (Draft 1, 1/28/07)
Tensor Transformations and the Maximum Shear Stress (Draft 1, 1/28/07) Introduction The order of a tensor is the number of subscripts it has. For each subscript it is multiplied by a direction cosine array
More informationDetermination of Locally Varying Directions through Mass Moment of Inertia Tensor
Determination of Locally Varying Directions through Mass Moment of Inertia Tensor R. M. Hassanpour and C.V. Deutsch Centre for Computational Geostatistics Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
More informationCP1 REVISION LECTURE 3 INTRODUCTION TO CLASSICAL MECHANICS. Prof. N. Harnew University of Oxford TT 2017
CP1 REVISION LECTURE 3 INTRODUCTION TO CLASSICAL MECHANICS Prof. N. Harnew University of Oxford TT 2017 1 OUTLINE : CP1 REVISION LECTURE 3 : INTRODUCTION TO CLASSICAL MECHANICS 1. Angular velocity and
More informationLecture 4: Least Squares (LS) Estimation
ME 233, UC Berkeley, Spring 2014 Xu Chen Lecture 4: Least Squares (LS) Estimation Background and general solution Solution in the Gaussian case Properties Example Big picture general least squares estimation:
More informationMultipole moments. November 9, 2015
Multipole moments November 9, 5 The far field expansion Suppose we have a localized charge distribution, confined to a region near the origin with r < R. Then for values of r > R, the electric field must
More informationProblem Set 2 Due Tuesday, September 27, ; p : 0. (b) Construct a representation using five d orbitals that sit on the origin as a basis: 1
Problem Set 2 Due Tuesday, September 27, 211 Problems from Carter: Chapter 2: 2a-d,g,h,j 2.6, 2.9; Chapter 3: 1a-d,f,g 3.3, 3.6, 3.7 Additional problems: (1) Consider the D 4 point group and use a coordinate
More informationElectrodynamics II: Lecture 9
Electrodynamics II: Lecture 9 Multipole radiation Amol Dighe Sep 14, 2011 Outline 1 Multipole expansion 2 Electric dipole radiation 3 Magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole radiation Outline 1 Multipole
More informationModule I: Electromagnetic waves
Module I: Electromagnetic waves Lectures 10-11: Multipole radiation Amol Dighe TIFR, Mumbai Outline 1 Multipole expansion 2 Electric dipole radiation 3 Magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole radiation
More informationEJL R Sβ. sum. General objective: Reduce the complexity of the analysis by exploiting symmetry. Garth J. Simpson
e sum = EJL R Sβ General objective: Reduce the complexity of the analysis by exploiting symmetry. Specific Objectives: 1. The molecular symmetry matrix S. How to populate it.. Relationships between the
More informationArtificial Intelligence & Neuro Cognitive Systems Fakultät für Informatik. Robot Dynamics. Dr.-Ing. John Nassour J.
Artificial Intelligence & Neuro Cognitive Systems Fakultät für Informatik Robot Dynamics Dr.-Ing. John Nassour 25.1.218 J.Nassour 1 Introduction Dynamics concerns the motion of bodies Includes Kinematics
More informationPart 8: Rigid Body Dynamics
Document that contains homework problems. Comment out the solutions when printing off for students. Part 8: Rigid Body Dynamics Problem 1. Inertia review Find the moment of inertia for a thin uniform rod
More informationGG303 Lecture 6 8/27/09 1 SCALARS, VECTORS, AND TENSORS
GG303 Lecture 6 8/27/09 1 SCALARS, VECTORS, AND TENSORS I Main Topics A Why deal with tensors? B Order of scalars, vectors, and tensors C Linear transformation of scalars and vectors (and tensors) II Why
More informationTwo Posts to Fill On School Board
Y Y 9 86 4 4 qz 86 x : ( ) z 7 854 Y x 4 z z x x 4 87 88 Y 5 x q x 8 Y 8 x x : 6 ; : 5 x ; 4 ( z ; ( ) ) x ; z 94 ; x 3 3 3 5 94 ; ; ; ; 3 x : 5 89 q ; ; x ; x ; ; x : ; ; ; ; ; ; 87 47% : () : / : 83
More informationGeneral Physics I. Lecture 10: Rolling Motion and Angular Momentum.
General Physics I Lecture 10: Rolling Motion and Angular Momentum Prof. WAN, Xin (万歆) 万歆 ) xinwan@zju.edu.cn http://zimp.zju.edu.cn/~xinwan/ Outline Rolling motion of a rigid object: center-of-mass motion
More informationB7 Symmetry : Questions
B7 Symmetry 009-10: Questions 1. Using the definition of a group, prove the Rearrangement Theorem, that the set of h products RS obtained for a fixed element S, when R ranges over the h elements of the
More informationMATH 19520/51 Class 5
MATH 19520/51 Class 5 Minh-Tam Trinh University of Chicago 2017-10-04 1 Definition of partial derivatives. 2 Geometry of partial derivatives. 3 Higher derivatives. 4 Definition of a partial differential
More informationHong Zhou, Guang-Xiang Liu,* Xiao-Feng Wang and Yan Wang * Supporting Information
Three cobalt(ii) coordination polymers based on V-shaped aromatic polycarboxylates and rigid bis(imidazole) ligand: Syntheses, crystal structures, physical properties and theoretical studies Hong Zhou,
More information6. SCALARS, VECTORS, AND TENSORS (FOR ORTHOGONAL COORDINATE SYSTEMS)
(FOR ORTHOGONAL COORDINATE SYSTEMS) I Main Topics A What are scalars, vectors, and tensors? B Order of scalars, vectors, and tensors C Linear transformaoon of scalars and vectors (and tensors) D Matrix
More informationRotational Motion. Chapter 4. P. J. Grandinetti. Sep. 1, Chem P. J. Grandinetti (Chem. 4300) Rotational Motion Sep.
Rotational Motion Chapter 4 P. J. Grandinetti Chem. 4300 Sep. 1, 2017 P. J. Grandinetti (Chem. 4300) Rotational Motion Sep. 1, 2017 1 / 76 Angular Momentum The angular momentum of a particle with respect
More informationMultiple Integrals and Vector Calculus (Oxford Physics) Synopsis and Problem Sets; Hilary 2015
Multiple Integrals and Vector Calculus (Oxford Physics) Ramin Golestanian Synopsis and Problem Sets; Hilary 215 The outline of the material, which will be covered in 14 lectures, is as follows: 1. Introduction
More informationNotes: Most of the material presented in this chapter is taken from Jackson, Chap. 2, 3, and 4, and Di Bartolo, Chap. 2. 2π nx i a. ( ) = G n.
Chapter. Electrostatic II Notes: Most of the material presented in this chapter is taken from Jackson, Chap.,, and 4, and Di Bartolo, Chap... Mathematical Considerations.. The Fourier series and the Fourier
More informationTheory and Applications of Dielectric Materials Introduction
SERG Summer Seminar Series #11 Theory and Applications of Dielectric Materials Introduction Tzuyang Yu Associate Professor, Ph.D. Structural Engineering Research Group (SERG) Department of Civil and Environmental
More informationA.1 Appendix on Cartesian tensors
1 Lecture Notes on Fluid Dynamics (1.63J/2.21J) by Chiang C. Mei, February 6, 2007 A.1 Appendix on Cartesian tensors [Ref 1] : H Jeffreys, Cartesian Tensors; [Ref 2] : Y. C. Fung, Foundations of Solid
More informationApplications of Eigenvalues & Eigenvectors
Applications of Eigenvalues & Eigenvectors Louie L. Yaw Walla Walla University Engineering Department For Linear Algebra Class November 17, 214 Outline 1 The eigenvalue/eigenvector problem 2 Principal
More information' Liberty and Umou Ono and Inseparablo "
3 5? #< q 8 2 / / ) 9 ) 2 ) > < _ / ] > ) 2 ) ) 5 > x > [ < > < ) > _ ] ]? <
More informationHomework 7-8 Solutions. Problems
Homework 7-8 Solutions Problems 26 A rhombus is a parallelogram with opposite sides of equal length Let us form a rhombus using vectors v 1 and v 2 as two adjacent sides, with v 1 = v 2 The diagonals of
More information6. 3D Kinematics DE2-EA 2.1: M4DE. Dr Connor Myant
DE2-EA 2.1: M4DE Dr Connor Myant 6. 3D Kinematics Comments and corrections to connor.myant@imperial.ac.uk Lecture resources may be found on Blackboard and at http://connormyant.com Contents Three-Dimensional
More informationProblem Set 2 Due Thursday, October 1, & & & & # % (b) Construct a representation using five d orbitals that sit on the origin as a basis:
Problem Set 2 Due Thursday, October 1, 29 Problems from Cotton: Chapter 4: 4.6, 4.7; Chapter 6: 6.2, 6.4, 6.5 Additional problems: (1) Consider the D 3h point group and use a coordinate system wherein
More informationSpacecraft Dynamics and Control
Spacecraft Dynamics and Control Matthew M. Peet Arizona State University Lecture 16: Euler s Equations Attitude Dynamics In this Lecture we will cover: The Problem of Attitude Stabilization Actuators Newton
More informationJackson 6.4 Homework Problem Solution Dr. Christopher S. Baird University of Massachusetts Lowell
Jackson 6.4 Homework Problem Solution Dr. Christopher S. Baird University of Massachusetts Lowell PROBLEM: A uniformly magnetized and conducting sphere of radius R and total magnetic moment m = 4πMR 3
More information13, Applications of molecular symmetry and group theory
Subject Paper No and Title Module No and Title Module Tag Chemistry 13, Applications of molecular symmetry and group theory 27, Group theory and vibrational spectroscopy: Part-IV(Selection rules for IR
More informationDIPOLES III. q const. The voltage produced by such a charge distribution is given by. r r'
DIPOLES III We now consider a particularly important charge configuration a dipole. This consists of two equal but opposite charges separated by a small distance. We define the dipole moment as p lim q
More informationTensors, and differential forms - Lecture 2
Tensors, and differential forms - Lecture 2 1 Introduction The concept of a tensor is derived from considering the properties of a function under a transformation of the coordinate system. A description
More informationMath review. Math review
Math review 1 Math review 3 1 series approximations 3 Taylor s Theorem 3 Binomial approximation 3 sin(x), for x in radians and x close to zero 4 cos(x), for x in radians and x close to zero 5 2 some geometry
More informationQUALIFYING EXAMINATION, Part 1. Solutions. Problem 1: Mathematical Methods. x 2. 1 (1 + 2x 2 /3!) ] x 2 1 2x 2 /3
QUALIFYING EXAMINATION, Part 1 Solutions Problem 1: Mathematical Methods (a) Keeping only the lowest power of x needed, we find 1 x 1 sin x = 1 x 1 (x x 3 /6...) = 1 ) 1 (1 x 1 x /3 = 1 [ 1 (1 + x /3!)
More informationClosed-Form Solution Of Absolute Orientation Using Unit Quaternions
Closed-Form Solution Of Absolute Orientation Using Unit Berthold K. P. Horn Department of Computer and Information Sciences November 11, 2004 Outline 1 Introduction 2 3 The Problem Given: two sets of corresponding
More informationProgramming Project 2: Harmonic Vibrational Frequencies
Programming Project 2: Harmonic Vibrational Frequencies Center for Computational Chemistry University of Georgia Athens, Georgia 30602 Summer 2012 1 Introduction This is the second programming project
More informationRigid body simulation. Once we consider an object with spatial extent, particle system simulation is no longer sufficient
Rigid body dynamics Rigid body simulation Once we consider an object with spatial extent, particle system simulation is no longer sufficient Rigid body simulation Unconstrained system no contact Constrained
More informationAB-267 DYNAMICS & CONTROL OF FLEXIBLE AIRCRAFT
FLÁIO SILESTRE DYNAMICS & CONTROL OF FLEXIBLE AIRCRAFT LECTURE NOTES LAGRANGIAN MECHANICS APPLIED TO RIGID-BODY DYNAMICS IMAGE CREDITS: BOEING FLÁIO SILESTRE Introduction Lagrangian Mechanics shall be
More informationOWELL WEEKLY JOURNAL
Y \»< - } Y Y Y & #»»» q ] q»»»>) & - - - } ) x ( - { Y» & ( x - (» & )< - Y X - & Q Q» 3 - x Q Y 6 \Y > Y Y X 3 3-9 33 x - - / - -»- --
More informationRotational & Rigid-Body Mechanics. Lectures 3+4
Rotational & Rigid-Body Mechanics Lectures 3+4 Rotational Motion So far: point objects moving through a trajectory. Next: moving actual dimensional objects and rotating them. 2 Circular Motion - Definitions
More informationTopological insulator part I: Phenomena
Phys60.nb 5 Topological insulator part I: Phenomena (Part II and Part III discusses how to understand a topological insluator based band-structure theory and gauge theory) (Part IV discusses more complicated
More informationM E 320 Professor John M. Cimbala Lecture 10
M E 320 Professor John M. Cimbala Lecture 10 Today, we will: Finish our example problem rates of motion and deformation of fluid particles Discuss the Reynolds Transport Theorem (RTT) Show how the RTT
More informationExpansion of 1/r potential in Legendre polynomials
Expansion of 1/r potential in Legendre polynomials In electrostatics and gravitation, we see scalar potentials of the form V = K d Take d = R r = R 2 2Rr cos θ + r 2 = R 1 2 r R cos θ + r R )2 Use h =
More informationClassical Mechanics. Luis Anchordoqui
1 Rigid Body Motion Inertia Tensor Rotational Kinetic Energy Principal Axes of Rotation Steiner s Theorem Euler s Equations for a Rigid Body Eulerian Angles Review of Fundamental Equations 2 Rigid body
More information100 CHAPTER 4. SYSTEMS AND ADAPTIVE STEP SIZE METHODS APPENDIX
100 CHAPTER 4. SYSTEMS AND ADAPTIVE STEP SIZE METHODS APPENDIX.1 Norms If we have an approximate solution at a given point and we want to calculate the absolute error, then we simply take the magnitude
More informationVector analysis. 1 Scalars and vectors. Fields. Coordinate systems 1. 2 The operator The gradient, divergence, curl, and Laplacian...
Vector analysis Abstract These notes present some background material on vector analysis. Except for the material related to proving vector identities (including Einstein s summation convention and the
More informationGeneral Relativity I
General Relativity I presented by John T. Whelan The University of Texas at Brownsville whelan@phys.utb.edu LIGO Livingston SURF Lecture 2002 July 5 General Relativity Lectures I. Today (JTW): Special
More informationPHYS4210 Electromagnetic Theory Quiz 1 Feb 2010
PHYS4210 Electromagnetic Theory Quiz 1 Feb 2010 1. An electric dipole is formed from two charges ±q separated by a distance b. For large distances r b from the dipole, the electric potential falls like
More informationLagrange Multipliers
Optimization with Constraints As long as algebra and geometry have been separated, their progress have been slow and their uses limited; but when these two sciences have been united, they have lent each
More informationQuantum Information & Quantum Computing
Math 478, Phys 478, CS4803, February 9, 006 1 Georgia Tech Math, Physics & Computing Math 478, Phys 478, CS4803 Quantum Information & Quantum Computing Problems Set 1 Due February 9, 006 Part I : 1. Read
More informationPHYS 705: Classical Mechanics. Rigid Body Motion Introduction + Math Review
1 PHYS 705: Classical Mechanics Rigid Body Motion Introduction + Math Review 2 How to describe a rigid body? Rigid Body - a system of point particles fixed in space i r ij j subject to a holonomic constraint:
More informationWaves in Linear Optical Media
1/53 Waves in Linear Optical Media Sergey A. Ponomarenko Dalhousie University c 2009 S. A. Ponomarenko Outline Plane waves in free space. Polarization. Plane waves in linear lossy media. Dispersion relations
More informationCourse 2BA1: Hilary Term 2007 Section 8: Quaternions and Rotations
Course BA1: Hilary Term 007 Section 8: Quaternions and Rotations David R. Wilkins Copyright c David R. Wilkins 005 Contents 8 Quaternions and Rotations 1 8.1 Quaternions............................ 1 8.
More informationContinuum mechanism: Stress and strain
Continuum mechanics deals with the relation between forces (stress, σ) and deformation (strain, ε), or deformation rate (strain rate, ε). Solid materials, rigid, usually deform elastically, that is the
More informationDefinition: Let f(x) be a function of one variable with continuous derivatives of all orders at a the point x 0, then the series.
2.4 Local properties o unctions o several variables In this section we will learn how to address three kinds o problems which are o great importance in the ield o applied mathematics: how to obtain the
More information1 Stress and Strain. Introduction
1 Stress and Strain Introduction This book is concerned with the mechanical behavior of materials. The term mechanical behavior refers to the response of materials to forces. Under load, a material may
More informationExercise 1: Inertia moment of a simple pendulum
Exercise : Inertia moment of a simple pendulum A simple pendulum is represented in Figure. Three reference frames are introduced: R is the fixed/inertial RF, with origin in the rotation center and i along
More information1 Hooke s law, stiffness, and compliance
Non-quilibrium Continuum Physics TA session #5 TA: Yohai Bar Sinai 3.04.206 Linear elasticity I This TA session is the first of three at least, maybe more) in which we ll dive deep deep into linear elasticity
More informationLECTURE 3 DIRECT PRODUCTS AND SPECTROSCOPIC SELECTION RULES
SYMMETRY II. J. M. GOICOECHEA. LECTURE 3 1 LECTURE 3 DIRECT PRODUCTS AND SPECTROSCOPIC SELECTION RULES 3.1 Direct products and many electron states Consider the problem of deciding upon the symmetry of
More informationChem8028(1314) - Spin Dynamics: Spin Interactions
Chem8028(1314) - Spin Dynamics: Spin Interactions Malcolm Levitt see also IK m106 1 Nuclear spin interactions (diamagnetic materials) 2 Chemical Shift 3 Direct dipole-dipole coupling 4 J-coupling 5 Nuclear
More informationLOWELL WEEKLY JOURNAL
Y -» $ 5 Y 7 Y Y -Y- Q x Q» 75»»/ q } # ]»\ - - $ { Q» / X x»»- 3 q $ 9 ) Y q - 5 5 3 3 3 7 Q q - - Q _»»/Q Y - 9 - - - )- [ X 7» -» - )»? / /? Q Y»» # X Q» - -?» Q ) Q \ Q - - - 3? 7» -? #»»» 7 - / Q
More informationStress, Strain, Mohr s Circle
Stress, Strain, Mohr s Circle The fundamental quantities in solid mechanics are stresses and strains. In accordance with the continuum mechanics assumption, the molecular structure of materials is neglected
More informationSOLUTIONS, PROBLEM SET 11
SOLUTIONS, PROBLEM SET 11 1 In this problem we investigate the Lagrangian formulation of dynamics in a rotating frame. Consider a frame of reference which we will consider to be inertial. Suppose that
More informationSimplified Analytical Model of a Six-Degree-of-Freedom Large-Gap Magnetic Suspension System
NASA Technical Memorandum 112868 Simplified Analytical Model of a Six-Degree-of-Freedom Large-Gap Magnetic Suspension System Nelson J. Groom Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia June 1997 National
More informationLecture 7. Properties of Materials
MIT 3.00 Fall 2002 c W.C Carter 55 Lecture 7 Properties of Materials Last Time Types of Systems and Types of Processes Division of Total Energy into Kinetic, Potential, and Internal Types of Work: Polarization
More informationChapter 4 The Equations of Motion
Chapter 4 The Equations of Motion Flight Mechanics and Control AEM 4303 Bérénice Mettler University of Minnesota Feb. 20-27, 2013 (v. 2/26/13) Bérénice Mettler (University of Minnesota) Chapter 4 The Equations
More informationFORMULA SHEET FOR QUIZ 2 Exam Date: November 8, 2017
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Physics Department Physics 8.07: Electromagnetism II November 5, 207 Prof. Alan Guth FORMULA SHEET FOR QUIZ 2 Exam Date: November 8, 207 A few items below are marked
More informationStress/Strain. Outline. Lecture 1. Stress. Strain. Plane Stress and Plane Strain. Materials. ME EN 372 Andrew Ning
Stress/Strain Lecture 1 ME EN 372 Andrew Ning aning@byu.edu Outline Stress Strain Plane Stress and Plane Strain Materials otes and News [I had leftover time and so was also able to go through Section 3.1
More informationSimilarity Transforms, Classes Classes, cont.
Multiplication Tables, Rearrangement Theorem Each row and each column in the group multiplication table lists each of the group elements once and only once. (Why must this be true?) From this, it follows
More informationOctonions. Robert A. Wilson. 24/11/08, QMUL, Pure Mathematics Seminar
Octonions Robert A. Wilson 4//08, QMUL, Pure Mathematics Seminar Introduction This is the second talk in a projected series of five. I shall try to make them as independent as possible, so that it will
More informationChapter 5. The Differential Forms of the Fundamental Laws
Chapter 5 The Differential Forms of the Fundamental Laws 1 5.1 Introduction Two primary methods in deriving the differential forms of fundamental laws: Gauss s Theorem: Allows area integrals of the equations
More informationLesson Rigid Body Dynamics
Lesson 8 Rigid Body Dynamics Lesson 8 Outline Problem definition and motivations Dynamics of rigid bodies The equation of unconstrained motion (ODE) User and time control Demos / tools / libs Rigid Body
More informationThe Derivative. Appendix B. B.1 The Derivative of f. Mappings from IR to IR
Appendix B The Derivative B.1 The Derivative of f In this chapter, we give a short summary of the derivative. Specifically, we want to compare/contrast how the derivative appears for functions whose domain
More informationRigid Body Motion and Rotational Dynamics
Chapter 13 Rigid Body Motion and Rotational Dynamics 13.1 Rigid Bodies A rigid body consists of a group of particles whose separations are all fixed in magnitude. Six independent coordinates are required
More informationMultiple Integrals and Vector Calculus: Synopsis
Multiple Integrals and Vector Calculus: Synopsis Hilary Term 28: 14 lectures. Steve Rawlings. 1. Vectors - recap of basic principles. Things which are (and are not) vectors. Differentiation and integration
More informationRotations of Moment of Inertia Tensor
Rotations of Moment of Inertia Tensor using Quaternions Mikica B Kocic, 202-04-22, v0.3 There is a wonderful connection between complex numbers (and quaternions, as their extension) and geometry in which,
More informationLab #4 - Gyroscopic Motion of a Rigid Body
Lab #4 - Gyroscopic Motion of a Rigid Body Last Updated: April 6, 2007 INTRODUCTION Gyroscope is a word used to describe a rigid body, usually with symmetry about an axis, that has a comparatively large
More informationTheoretical Concepts of Spin-Orbit Splitting
Chapter 9 Theoretical Concepts of Spin-Orbit Splitting 9.1 Free-electron model In order to understand the basic origin of spin-orbit coupling at the surface of a crystal, it is a natural starting point
More informationApplications of Ampere s Law
Applications of Ampere s Law In electrostatics, the electric field due to any known charge distribution ρ(x, y, z) may alwaysbeobtainedfromthecoulomblaw it sauniversal tool buttheactualcalculation is often
More informationClassical Field Theory: Electrostatics-Magnetostatics
Classical Field Theory: Electrostatics-Magnetostatics April 27, 2010 1 1 J.D.Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics, 2nd Edition, Section 1-5 Electrostatics The behavior of an electrostatic field can be described
More informationChemistry 431. NC State University. Lecture 17. Vibrational Spectroscopy
Chemistry 43 Lecture 7 Vibrational Spectroscopy NC State University The Dipole Moment Expansion The permanent dipole moment of a molecule oscillates about an equilibrium value as the molecule vibrates.
More informationLecture notes on introduction to tensors. K. M. Udayanandan Associate Professor Department of Physics Nehru Arts and Science College, Kanhangad
Lecture notes on introduction to tensors K. M. Udayanandan Associate Professor Department of Physics Nehru Arts and Science College, Kanhangad 1 . Syllabus Tensor analysis-introduction-definition-definition
More informationUniformity of the Universe
Outline Universe is homogenous and isotropic Spacetime metrics Friedmann-Walker-Robertson metric Number of numbers needed to specify a physical quantity. Energy-momentum tensor Energy-momentum tensor of
More informationLecture I: Vectors, tensors, and forms in flat spacetime
Lecture I: Vectors, tensors, and forms in flat spacetime Christopher M. Hirata Caltech M/C 350-17, Pasadena CA 91125, USA (Dated: September 28, 2011) I. OVERVIEW The mathematical description of curved
More informationRigid body dynamics. Basilio Bona. DAUIN - Politecnico di Torino. October 2013
Rigid body dynamics Basilio Bona DAUIN - Politecnico di Torino October 2013 Basilio Bona (DAUIN - Politecnico di Torino) Rigid body dynamics October 2013 1 / 16 Multiple point-mass bodies Each mass is
More informationCHAPTER 3 POTENTIALS 10/13/2016. Outlines. 1. Laplace s equation. 2. The Method of Images. 3. Separation of Variables. 4. Multipole Expansion
CHAPTER 3 POTENTIALS Lee Chow Department of Physics University of Central Florida Orlando, FL 32816 Outlines 1. Laplace s equation 2. The Method of Images 3. Separation of Variables 4. Multipole Expansion
More informationDynamics. 1 Copyright c 2015 Roderic Grupen
Dynamics The branch of physics that treats the action of force on bodies in motion or at rest; kinetics, kinematics, and statics, collectively. Websters dictionary Outline Conservation of Momentum Inertia
More informationHomework 1/Solutions. Graded Exercises
MTH 310-3 Abstract Algebra I and Number Theory S18 Homework 1/Solutions Graded Exercises Exercise 1. Below are parts of the addition table and parts of the multiplication table of a ring. Complete both
More information