Superconductivity. Alexey Ustinov Universität Karlsruhe WS Alexey Ustinov WS2008/2009 Superconductivity: Lecture 1 1
|
|
- Preston Stanley
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Superconductivity Alexey Ustinov Universität Karlsruhe WS Alexey Ustinov WS2008/2009 Superconductivity: Lecture 1 1
2 Lectures October 20 Phenomenon of superconductivity October 27 Magnetic properties and thermodynamics November 3 Electrodynamics and magnetic flux quantization November 10 Ginzburg-Landau theory November 17 Type I and II superconductors and vortices November 24 Basic ideas of BCS theory December 1 Energy gap and tunneling December 8 Josephson effect December 15 SQUIDs December 22 Long junction and solitons January 12 SNS structures and Andreev reflection January 19 Superconducting electronics January 26 Detectors, mixers, oscillators February 2 Superconducting qubits Alexey Ustinov WS2008/2009 Superconductivity: Lecture 1 2
3 Literature 1. V.V. Schmidt "The physics of superconductors", Eds. P.Müller and A.V.Ustinov, Springer, M. Tinkham "Introduction to superconductivity", McGraw-Hill, 2nd ed., W. Buckel and R. Kleiner, "Superconductivity: Fundamentals and Applications", Wiley-VCH, 2004 Alexey Ustinov WS2008/2009 Superconductivity: Lecture 1 3
4 Phenomenon of superconductivity Introduction Historic milestones Superconducting materials Meissner effect Levitation experiments Magnetic flux quantization Josephson effect Alexey Ustinov WS2008/2009 Superconductivity: Lecture 1 4
5 Historic milestones 1908 Making liquid helium (4.2 K) 1911 Discovery of zero resistance 1933 Meissner effect 1935 Londons theory 1950 Ginzburg-Landau theory 1957 Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory 1960 Magnetic flux quantization 1962 Josephson effect 1986 High-temperature superconductors Nobel Prizes Alexey Ustinov WS2008/2009 Superconductivity: Lecture 1 5
6 methyl chloride ethylene oxygen air hydrogen The cycles for the various gases are joined in cascades, so that the cold bath, which can be maintained by a previous cycle, also serves to liquefy at a lower temperature the gas which circulates in the following cycle. Alexey Ustinov WS2008/2009 Superconductivity: Lecture 1 6
7 The compressed helium comes, after suitable precooling, into the refrigerator, where hydrogen is evaporating at the air pump, runs through the regenerator spiral and expands at the throttle valve. The liquid formed according to the Linde process gathers in the lower portion of the vacuum glass vessel. In order to be able to observe the liquid helium this portion is transparent and is surrounded by a vacuum glass vessel which is kept filled with liquid hydrogen, which is again protected by a transparent vacuum glass vessel containing liquid air. Alexey Ustinov WS2008/2009 Superconductivity: Lecture 1 7
8 Introduction Superconductivity was discovered by Kamerlingh-Onnes in 1911 in mercury (Hg), having T c 4 K.. Mercury has passed into a new state, which on account of its extraordinary electrical properties may be called the superconductive state Dependence of the resistance on temperature Alexey Ustinov WS2008/2009 Superconductivity: Lecture 1 8
9 Superconducting materials Cold liquids required for reaching low temperatures: helium 4 He (4.2 K) hydrogen H 2 (20 K) neon Ne (27 K) nitrogen N 2 (77 K) pure metals alloys modern 100 liter liquid helium dewar Alexey Ustinov WS2008/2009 Superconductivity: Lecture 1 9
10 Superconducting elements Alexey Ustinov WS2008/2009 Superconductivity: Lecture 1 10
11 ceramic materials * under pressure Alexey Ustinov WS2008/2009 Superconductivity: Lecture 1 11
12 Superconducting materials Alexey Ustinov WS2008/2009 Superconductivity: Lecture 1 12
13 Introduction Superconductivity is destroyed: by increasing temperature at T > T c by large magnetic field H > H c Phase diagram of a superconductor in the H T plane is described by an empirically found formula: H T diagram for the superconducting state Alexey Ustinov WS2008/2009 Superconductivity: Lecture 1 13
14 Meissner effect Discovered by Walther Meissner and Robert Ochsenfeld in Example 1: a conductor Magnetic field induces a screening current (Lentz rule) which generates the opposite field. In an ideal conductor: A real conductor in magnetic field. According to Maxwell s equation inside the conductor we have Alexey Ustinov WS2008/2009 Superconductivity: Lecture 1 14
15 Meissner effect Example 2: an ideal conductor Magnetic field induces a screening current (Lentz rule) which generates an opposite magnetic field inside the sample An ideal conductor in magnetic field Alexey Ustinov WS2008/2009 Superconductivity: Lecture 1 15
16 Meissner effect Example 3: finally, a superconductor superconductor magnetic field ON Meissner effect: Superconductor always expels the magnetic flux magnetic field ON + relaxation conductor A superconductor in magnetic field Alexey Ustinov WS2008/2009 Superconductivity: Lecture 1 16
17 Levitation experiments Levitation of a magnet: magnet superconductor Bruce Gowe Alexey Ustinov WS2008/2009 Superconductivity: Lecture 1 17
18 Magnetic flux quantization area S take a ring at T>T c apply external magnetic field H cool down to T<T c and switch off the external field Alexey Ustinov WS2008/2009 Superconductivity: Lecture 1 18
19 Magnetic flux quantization Φ = A d H S Experimental result: how large is the magnetic flux in the ring? Φ = n Φ 0 where 15 Φ0 = V s n = 0, ± 1, ± 2,... S. Deaver and W.M. Fairbank, Phys. Rev. Lett. 7, 43 (1961) R. Doll and M. Näbauer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 7, 51 (1961) Alexey Ustinov WS2008/2009 Superconductivity: Lecture 1 19
20 Josephson effect superconductor tunnel barrier superconductor current I Ψ Ψ exp ( i 1) 1 = Ψ1 θ = Ψ exp ( i 2) 2 2 θ Ψ1 = Ψ 2 superconducting phase difference: ϕ = θ 1 θ 2 Josephson relations I s = I c sin ϕ V = dϕ 2e dt Electromagnetic radiation at the frequency f f = V Φ 0 Alexey Ustinov WS2008/2009 Superconductivity: Lecture 1 20
Superconductivity. S2634: Physique de la matière condensée & nano-objets. Miguel Anía Asenjo Alexandre Le Boité Christine Lingblom
Superconductivity S2634: Physique de la matière condensée & nano-objets Miguel Anía Asenjo Alexandre Le Boité Christine Lingblom 1 What is superconductivity? 2 Superconductivity Superconductivity generally
More informationSuperconductivity and Superfluidity
Superconductivity and Superfluidity Contemporary physics, Spring 2015 Partially from: Kazimierz Conder Laboratory for Developments and Methods, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland Resistivity
More informationSuperconductivity and Quantum Coherence
Superconductivity and Quantum Coherence Lent Term 2008 Credits: Christoph Bergemann, David Khmelnitskii, John Waldram, 12 Lectures: Mon, Wed 10-11am Mott Seminar Room 3 Supervisions, each with one examples
More informationExperiment Ma8: Superconductivity
Experiment Ma8: Superconductivity 1 Overview Superconductivity is a phenomenon occurring at low temperatures. H.K. Onnes observed in year 1911 that the electrical resistivity of some metals sank abruptly
More informationWhat s so super about superconductivity?
What s so super about superconductivity? Mark Rzchowski Physics Department Electrons can flow through the wire when pushed by a battery. Electrical resistance But remember that the wire is made of atoms.
More informationSuperconductors. An exciting field of Physics!
Superconductors An exciting field of Physics! General Objective To understand the nature of superconductivity Specific Objectives: You will be able to 1. Define Superconductivity 2. State the history of
More informationEnergy Levels Zero energy. From Last Time Molecules. Today. n- and p-type semiconductors. Energy Levels in a Metal. Junctions
Today From Last Time Molecules Symmetric and anti-symmetric wave functions Lightly higher and lower energy levels More atoms more energy levels Conductors, insulators and semiconductors Conductors and
More informationIntroduction to Superconductivity. Superconductivity was discovered in 1911 by Kamerlingh Onnes. Zero electrical resistance
Introduction to Superconductivity Superconductivity was discovered in 1911 by Kamerlingh Onnes. Zero electrical resistance Meissner Effect Magnetic field expelled. Superconducting surface current ensures
More informationSuperconductivity. The Discovery of Superconductivity. Basic Properties
Superconductivity Basic Properties The Discovery of Superconductivity Using liquid helium, (b.p. 4.2 K), H. Kamerlingh Onnes found that the resistivity of mercury suddenly dropped to zero at 4.2 K. H.
More informationChapter 1. Macroscopic Quantum Phenomena
Chapter 1 Macroscopic Quantum Phenomena Chap. 1-2 I. Foundations of the Josephson Effect 1. Macroscopic Quantum Phenomena 1.1 The Macroscopic Quantum Model of Superconductivity Macroscopic systems Quantum
More informationIntroduction to superconductivity.
Introduction to superconductivity http://hyscience.blogspot.ro/ Outline Introduction to superconductors Kamerlingh Onnes Evidence of a phase transition MEISSNER EFFECT Characteristic lengths in SC Categories
More informationSuperconductivity. 24 February Paul Wilson Tutor: Justin Evans
Superconductivity 24 February 2009 Paul Wilson Tutor: Justin Evans 1 Intended Audience This report is intended for anyone wishing to understand the fundamentals of superconductors and their growing importance
More informationUnit V Superconductivity Engineering Physics
1. Superconductivity ertain metals and alloys exhibit almost zero resistivity (i.e. infinite conductivity), when they are cooled to sufficiently low temperatures. This effect is called superconductivity.
More information6.763 Applied Superconductivity Lecture 1
6.763 Applied Superconductivity Lecture 1 Terry P. Orlando Dept. of Electrical Engineering MIT September 4, 2003 Outline What is a Superconductor? Discovery of Superconductivity Meissner Effect Type I
More informationChapter 1. Macroscopic Quantum Phenomena
Chapter 1 Macroscopic Quantum Phenomena Chap. 1-2 I. Foundations of the Josephson Effect 1. Macroscopic Quantum Phenomena 1.1 The Macroscopic Quantum Model of Superconductivity quantum mechanics: - physical
More informationSuperconductivity. Superconductivity. Superconductivity was first observed by HK Onnes in 1911 in mercury at T ~ 4.2 K (Fig. 1).
Superconductivity Superconductivity was first observed by HK Onnes in 9 in mercury at T ~ 4. K (Fig. ). The temperature at which the resistivity falls to zero is the critical temperature, T c. Superconductivity
More informationStrongly Correlated Systems:
M.N.Kiselev Strongly Correlated Systems: High Temperature Superconductors Heavy Fermion Compounds Organic materials 1 Strongly Correlated Systems: High Temperature Superconductors 2 Superconductivity:
More informationSuperconductivity. Introduction. Final project. Statistical Mechanics Fall Mehr Un Nisa Shahid
1 Final project Statistical Mechanics Fall 2010 Mehr Un Nisa Shahid 12100120 Superconductivity Introduction Superconductivity refers to the phenomenon of near-zero electric resistance exhibited by conductors
More informationFrom Last Time. Partially full bands = metal Bands completely full or empty = insulator / seminconductor
From Last Time Solids are large numbers of atoms arranged in a regular crystal structure. Each atom has electron quantum states, but interactions shift the energies. End result is each type atomic electron
More informationSUPERCONDUCTING MATERIALS
SUPERCONDUCTING MATERIALS Superconductivity - The phenomenon of losing resistivity when sufficiently cooled to a very low temperature (below a certain critical temperature). H. Kammerlingh Onnes 1911 Pure
More informationPhysics of Engineering materials
Physics of Engineering materials Course Code:SPH1101 Unit -III: Superconducting Materials Prepared by : Dr.R.Sampathkumar Superconducting materials have electromagentic properties, a unique structure,
More informationUNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI GENOVA
UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI GENOVA Outline Story of superconductivity phenomenon going through the discovery of its main properties. Microscopic theory of superconductivity and main parameters which characterize
More informationCryogenic Engineering
Cryogenic Engineering 2017 Fall Semester Min Soo, Kim Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION TO CRYOGENIC SYSTEMS 1.1 Introduction CRYOGENIC=CRYO+GENE Ice Generation CRYOGENICS REFRIGERATION -150 (123K) -40 (233K) 25
More informationNanoelectronics 14. [( ) k B T ] 1. Atsufumi Hirohata Department of Electronics. Quick Review over the Last Lecture.
Nanoelectronics 14 Atsufumi Hirohata Department of Electronics 09:00 Tuesday, 27/February/2018 (P/T 005) Quick Review over the Last Lecture Function Fermi-Dirac distribution f ( E) = 1 exp E µ [( ) k B
More information100 Years and Counting The Continuing Saga of Superconductivity
100 Years and Counting The Continuing Saga of Superconductivity Dr Maru Grant Ohlone College Chemistry Professor Dr Paul Grant IBM Physicist, Emeritus It takes two to Tango Fathers of Cryogenics CH 4 112
More informationSuperconducting qubits (Phase qubit) Quantum informatics (FKA 172)
Superconducting qubits (Phase qubit) Quantum informatics (FKA 172) Thilo Bauch (bauch@chalmers.se) Quantum Device Physics Laboratory, MC2, Chalmers University of Technology Qubit proposals for implementing
More informationCONDENSED MATTER: towards Absolute Zero
CONDENSED MATTER: towards Absolute Zero The lowest temperatures reached for bulk matter between 1970-2000 AD. We have seen the voyages to inner & outer space in physics. There is also a voyage to the ultra-cold,
More informationMaterials Aspects aud. Application of Superconductivity
Materials Science and Device Technology Materials Aspects and Application of Superconductivity School of Environmental Science and Engineering Toshihiko Maeda, Professor 1 Contents apple Self introduction
More informationLow temperature physics The Home page. aqpl.mc2.chalmers.se/~delsing/superconductivity
The Home page aqpl.mc2.chalmers.se/~delsing/superconductivity Info about the course The course treats three closely related topics: Superconductivity, superfluid helium, and cryogenics The course gives
More informationNMR and the BCS Theory of Superconductivity
NMR and the BCS Theory of Superconductivity Our NMR activities in the early 1950s (Norberg, Holcomb, Carver, Schumacher) Overhauser dynamic nuclear spin polarization Conduction electron spin susceptibility
More informationSuperconductivity and the BCS theory
Superconductivity and the BCS theory PHY 313 - Statistical Mechanics Syed Ali Raza Roll no: 2012-10-0124 LUMS School of Science and Engineering Monday, December, 15, 2010 1 Introduction In this report
More informationFor their 1948 discovery of the transistor, John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley were awarded the 1956 Nobel prize in physics.
Modern Physics (PHY 3305) Lecture Notes Modern Physics (PHY 3305) Lecture Notes Solid-State Physics: Superconductivity (Ch. 10.9) SteveSekula, 1 April 2010 (created 1 April 2010) Review no tags We applied
More information1 Quantum Theory of Matter
Quantum Theory of Matter: Superfluids & Superconductors Lecturer: Derek Lee Condensed Matter Theory Blackett 809 Tel: 020 7594 7602 dkk.lee@imperial.ac.uk Level 4 course: PT4.5 (Theory Option) http://www.cmth.ph.ic.ac.uk/people/dkk.lee/teach/qtm
More informationDemonstration Some simple theoretical models Materials How to make superconductors Some applications
Superconductivity Demonstration Some simple theoretical models Materials How to make superconductors Some applications How do we show superconductivity? Superconductors 1. have an electrical resistivity
More informationCHAPTER I INTRODUCTION TO SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION TO SUPERCONDUCTIVITY 1.1 Introduction Superconductivity is a fascinating and challenging field of Physics. Today, superconductivity is being applied to many diverse areas such as:
More information10 Supercondcutor Experimental phenomena zero resistivity Meissner effect. Phys463.nb 101
Phys463.nb 101 10 Supercondcutor 10.1. Experimental phenomena 10.1.1. zero resistivity The resistivity of some metals drops down to zero when the temperature is reduced below some critical value T C. Such
More informationPHYS-E0551. Low Temperature Physics Basics of Cryoengineering Course 2015:
PHYS-E0551 Low Temperature Physics Basics of Cryoengineering Course 2015: 18.9. 4.12. Introduction Short history of cryogenics Some phase diagrams Cryogenic fluids Safety measures 1 Three courses under
More information6.763 Applied Superconductivity Lecture 1
1 6.763 Applied Superconductivity Lecture 1 Terry P. Orlando Dept. of Electrical Engineering MIT September 8, 2005 Outline What is a Superconductor? Discovery of Superconductivity Meissner Effect Type
More informationGroup Members: Erick Iciarte Kelly Mann Daniel Willis Miguel Lastres
Group Members: Erick Iciarte Kelly Mann Daniel Willis Miguel Lastres How it works A superconductor is a material that exhibits zero resistance when exposed to very cold temperatures. Temperatures required
More informationlectures accompanying the book: Solid State Physics: An Introduction, by Philip Hofmann (2nd edition 2015, ISBN-10: 3527412824, ISBN-13: 978-3527412822, Wiley-VCH Berlin. www.philiphofmann.net 1 Superconductivity
More informationWHAT IS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY??
WHAT IS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY?? For some materials, the resistivity vanishes at some low temperature: they become superconducting. Superconductivity is the ability of certain materials to conduct electrical
More informationMesoscopic Nano-Electro-Mechanics of Shuttle Systems
* Mesoscopic Nano-Electro-Mechanics of Shuttle Systems Robert Shekhter University of Gothenburg, Sweden Lecture1: Mechanically assisted single-electronics Lecture2: Quantum coherent nano-electro-mechanics
More information1 Interaction of Quantum Fields with Classical Sources
1 Interaction of Quantum Fields with Classical Sources A source is a given external function on spacetime t, x that can couple to a dynamical variable like a quantum field. Sources are fundamental in the
More informationMETALS CRYSTAL STRUCTURE In a metal the atoms arrange themselves in a regular pattern know as a crystal lattice
DO PHYSICS ONLINE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY METALS CRYSTAL STRUCTURE In a metal the atoms arrange themselves in a regular pattern know as a crystal lattice X-ray crystallography can locate every atom in a zeolite,
More informationM.C. Escher. Angels and devils (detail), 1941
M.C. Escher Angels and devils (detail), 1941 1 Coherent Quantum Phase Slip: Exact quantum dual to Josephson Tunneling (Coulomb blockade is a partial dual) Degree of freedom in superconductor: Phase and
More informationSuperconductivity. Alexey Ustinov Universität Karlsruhe WS Alexey Ustinov WS2008/2009 Superconductivity: Lecture 3 1
Superconductivity Alexey Ustinov Universität Karlsruhe WS 2008-2009 Alexey Ustinov WS2008/2009 Superconductivity: Lecture 3 1 Electrodynamics of superconductors Two-fluid model The First London Equation
More informationModifying Ampere's Law to include the possibility of time varying electric fields gives the fourth Maxwell's Equations.
Induction In 183-1831, Joseph Henry & Michael Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction. Induction requires time varying magnetic fields and is the subject of another of Maxwell's Equations. Modifying
More informationQuantum Interference in Josephson Junctions *
ournal of Modern Physics, 15, 6, 56-535 Published Online April 15 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/jmp http://dx.doi.org/1.436/jmp.15.6557 Quantum Interference in osephson unctions * Roberto De
More informationQuantum Wave Flexible Track. Experiments in classical mechanics using Quantum Levitation
Quantum Wave Flexible Track Experiments in classical mechanics using Quantum Levitation 1 Classical Mechanics by Quantum Levitation The Quantum Wave experiment setup allows students to experience frictionless
More informationCollective Effects. Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Physics
Collective Effects in Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Physics: Lecture 4, April 7, 2006 1 Collective Effects in Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Physics Website: http://cncs.bnu.edu.cn/mccross/course/ Caltech
More informationGeneral Physics (PHY 2140)
General Physics (PHY 2140) Lecture 9 Electrodynamics Electric current temperature variation of resistance electrical energy and power http://www.physics.wayne.edu/~apetrov/phy2140/ Chapter 17-18 1 Department
More informationJohn Bardeen. Only one individual has won the Nobel Prize in field of physics twice. John Bardeen was
Ryan Saunders April 27, 2012 Period 2 P-IB Physics John Bardeen Only one individual has won the Nobel Prize in field of physics twice. John Bardeen was one of three people (John Bardeen (himself), Leon
More informationEXPERIMENT 9 Superconductivity & Ohm s Law
Name: Date: Course number: MAKE SURE YOUR TA OR TI STAMPS EVERY PAGE BEFORE YOU START! Lab section: Partner's name(s): Grade: EXPERIMENT 9 Superconductivity & Ohm s Law 0. Pre-Laboratory Work [2 pts] 1.
More informationChapter Phenomenological Models of Superconductivity
TT1-Chap2-1 Chapter 3 3. Phenomenological Models of Superconductivity 3.1 London Theory 3.1.1 The London Equations 3.2 Macroscopic Quantum Model of Superconductivity 3.2.1 Derivation of the London Equations
More informationHigh temperature superconductivity
High temperature superconductivity Applications to the maglev industry Elsa Abreu April 30, 2009 Outline Historical overview of superconductivity Copper oxide high temperature superconductors Angle Resolved
More informationSuperfluidity and Superconductivity
Superfluidity and Superconductivity These are related phenomena of flow without resistance, but in very different systems Superfluidity: flow of helium IV atoms in a liquid Superconductivity: flow of electron
More informationQuantum Phase Slip Junctions
Quantum Phase Slip Junctions Joël Peguiron Insitute of Physics, University of Basel Monday Morning Meeting, 24 April 2006 1 Goal Monday Morning Meeting, 24 April 2006 2 Evidence for Thermodynamic Fluctuations
More informationPrinciples and Applications of Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs)
Principles and Applications of Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs) PHY 300 - Junior Phyics Laboratory Syed Ali Raza Roll no: 2012-10-0124 LUMS School of Science and Engineering Thursday,
More informationSuperconductivity. Dept of Phys. M.C. Chang
Superconductivity Introduction Thermal properties Magnetic properties London theory of the Meissner effect Microscopic (BCS) theory Flux quantization Quantum tunneling Dept of Phys M.C. Chang A brief history
More informationOrigins of the Theory of Superconductivity
Origins of the Theory of Superconductivity Leon N Cooper University of Illinois October 10, 2007 The Simple Facts of Superconductivity (as of 1955) In 1911, Kammerling Onnes found that the resistance
More informationChapter 27: Current & Resistance. HW For Chapter 27: 6, 18, 20, 30, 42, 48, 52, 56, 58, 62, 68
Chapter 27: Current & Resistance HW For Chapter 27: 6, 18, 20, 30, 42, 48, 52, 56, 58, 62, 68 Positive Charges move from HI to LOW potential. HI V LOW V Negative Charges move from LOW to HI potential.
More informationLecture 2. Phenomenology of (classic) superconductivity Phys. 598SC Fall 2015 Prof. A. J. Leggett
Lecture 2. Phenomenology of (classic) superconductivity Phys. 598SC Fall 2015 Prof. A. J. Leggett (References: de Gannes chapters 1-3, Tinkham chapter 1) Statements refer to classic (pre-1970) superconductors
More informationA Superfluid Universe
A Superfluid Universe Lecture 2 Quantum field theory & superfluidity Kerson Huang MIT & IAS, NTU Lecture 2. Quantum fields The dynamical vacuum Vacuumscalar field Superfluidity Ginsburg Landau theory BEC
More informationC. C. Tsuei IBM T.J. Watson Research Center Yorktown Heights, NY 10598
Origin of High-Temperature Superconductivity Nature s great puzzle C. C. Tsuei IBM T.J. Watson Research Center Yorktown Heights, NY 10598 Basic characteristics of superconductors: Perfect electrical conduction
More informationThe Vortex Matter In High-Temperature Superconductors. Yosi Yeshurun Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan Israel
The Vortex Matter In High-Temperature Superconductors Yosi Yeshurun Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan Israel 7,700 km The Vortex Matter In High-Temperature Superconductors OUTLINE: Temperatures High-Temperatures
More informationDetermination of the critical field and critical temperature for various Type I and Type II metals and alloys
Determination of the critical field and critical temperature for various Type I and Type II metals and alloys Alexander Nie and Mobolaji Williams Harvard University, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA
More informationSuperconductivity Ref: Richerson, Dekker, 2nd Ed., 1992, pp
MME 467: Ceramics for Advanced Applications Lecture 23 Superconductivity Ref: Richerson, Dekker, 2nd Ed., 1992, pp.239 248. Prof. A. K. M. B. Rashid Department of MME, BUET, Dhaka Topics to discuss...!
More informationQuantum Theory of Matter
Quantum Theory of Matter Overview Lecture Derek Lee Imperial College London January 2007 Outline 1 Course content Introduction Superfluids Superconductors 2 Course Plan Resources Outline 1 Course content
More informationApplied Superconductivity
Applied Superconductivity Josephson Effects, Superconducting Electronics, and Quantum Circuits Lecturer: Frank Deppe Frank.Deppe@wmi.badw.de Lecture Notes Summer Semester 2013 R. Gross and F. Deppe Walther-Meißner-Institut
More informationModern Physics for Scientists and Engineers International Edition, 4th Edition
Modern Physics for Scientists and Engineers International Edition, 4th Edition http://optics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong 1. THE BIRTH OF MODERN PHYSICS 2. SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY 3. THE EXPERIMENTAL BASIS
More informationToo Cool to Resist. 1 July June Eric Smith and Allister McRae. Regents and AP Physics
Title: Too Cool to Resist Original: Revision: Authors: Appropriate Level: Abstract: Time Required: 1 July 2003 25 June 2010 Eric Smith and Allister McRae Regents and AP Physics Students measure the voltage
More informationElectrical conduction in solids
Equations of motion Electrical conduction in solids Electrical conduction is the movement of electrically charged particles through a conductor or semiconductor, which constitutes an electric current.
More information5G50.52 Energy Storage with Superconductors
5G50.52 Energy Storage with Superconductors Abstract Superconductors oppose magnetic fields and are generally considered to have zero resistivity. Theoretically then, a current in a superconducting ring
More informationMACROSCOPIC QUANTUM PHENOMENA FROM PAIRING IN SUPERCONDUCTORS
MACROSCOPIC QUANTUM PHENOMENA FROM PAIRING IN SUPERCONDUCTORS Nobel Lecture, December 11, 1972 by J. R. SCHRIEFFER University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. I. INTRODUCTION It gives me great pleasure
More informationPhysics 416 Solid State Course Nov. 18, 2016
Physics 416 Solid State Course Nov. 18, 016 Superconductivity: 1. Overview: Roughly ½ of the elements exhibit superconductivity, though some only under extreme pressure. The elements tend to be type I;
More information1 Superfluidity and Bose Einstein Condensate
Physics 223b Lecture 4 Caltech, 04/11/18 1 Superfluidity and Bose Einstein Condensate 1.6 Superfluid phase: topological defect Besides such smooth gapless excitations, superfluid can also support a very
More informationSuperconductor. Superconductor Materials Materials Eng. Dep. Kufa Univ. Dr. Sabah M. Thahab
Superconductor Materials What's a superconductor? Superconductors have two outstanding features: 1). Zero electrical resistivity. This means that an electrical current in a superconducting ring continues
More informationShigeji Fujita and Salvador V Godoy. Mathematical Physics WILEY- VCH. WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA
Shigeji Fujita and Salvador V Godoy Mathematical Physics WILEY- VCH WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA Contents Preface XIII Table of Contents and Categories XV Constants, Signs, Symbols, and General Remarks
More informationMINI MAGLEV KIT QUANTUM
MINI MAGLEV KIT QUANTUM LEVITATION info@quantumlevitation.com QUANTUM LEVITATION Discovered 100 years ago, superconductivity continues to fascinate and attract the interest of scientists and non-scientists
More information5G50.51 Superconductor Suspension
5G50.51 uperconductor uspension Abstract A superconductor is an object that, under certain conditions, has zero electrical resistance. A unique and interesting property of superconducting materials is
More informationFYSZ 460 Advanced laboratory work: Superconductivity and high T C superconductor Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 6+y
FYSZ 460 Advanced laboratory work: Superconductivity and high T C superconductor Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 6+y Laboratory Instructions Minna Nevala minna.nevala@phys.jyu.fi November 15, 2010 Contents 1 Introduction
More informationLECTURE 3: Refrigeration
LECTURE 3: Refrigeration Refrigeration on-chip Thermoelectric refrigeration Peltier refrigerators, Peltier 1834 Thermionic refrigeration, Mahan, 1994 Korotkov and Likharev, 1999 Quantum-dot refrigerator,
More informationSuperconductivity and Low Temperature Physics
Superconductivity and Low Temperature Physics Part I: Superconductivity Lecture Notes of the Academic Year 2013/14 Rudi Hackl and Dietrich Einzel Walther-Meissner-Institut Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
More informationSuperconductivity at nanoscale
Superconductivity at nanoscale Superconductivity is the result of the formation of a quantum condensate of paired electrons (Cooper pairs). In small particles, the allowed energy levels are quantized and
More informationLecture 23 - Superconductivity II - Theory
D() Lecture 23: Superconductivity II Theory (Kittel Ch. 10) F mpty D() F mpty Physics 460 F 2000 Lect 23 1 Outline Superconductivity - Concepts and Theory Key points xclusion of magnetic fields can be
More informationProblematic topics in Ideas to Implementation by Joe Khachan
Problematic topics in Ideas to Implementation by Joe Khachan Some of the topics that have proved to be problematic in the current HSC physics syllabus are the discharge tube, Hertz s experiments and superconductors.
More informationSupercondcting Qubits
Supercondcting Qubits Patricia Thrasher University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 Superconducting qubits are electrical circuits based on the Josephson tunnel junctions and have the ability to
More informationSuperconductivity - Overview
Superconductivity - Overview Last week (20-21.11.2017) This week (27-28.11.2017) Classification of Superconductors - Theory Summary - Josephson Effect - Paraconductivity Reading tasks Kittel: Chapter:
More informationSuperconductivity. Allen M. Goldman. School of Physics and Astronomy University of Minnesota
Superconductivity Allen M. Goldman School of Physics and Astronomy University of Minnesota October 26, 2007 OUTLINE Introduction What is superconductivity? Phenomena Mechanism Superconducting Materials
More informationThe Low Temperature Physics of Thin Films Superconducting Tin and Monolayer Graphene
The Low Temperature Physics of Thin Films Superconducting Tin and Monolayer Graphene Abstract: The aim of this project was to investigate how the electrical resistance of a conductor changes if it is deposited
More informationSuperconductivity: approaching the century jubilee
SIMTECH KICK-OFF MEETING, March, 18, 2011 Superconductivity: approaching the century jubilee Andrey Varlamov Institute of Superconductivity & Innovative Materials (SPIN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche,
More informationTesting axion physics in a Josephson junction environment
Testing axion physics in a Josephson junction environment Christian Beck Queen Mary, University of London 1 Testing axion physics in a Josephson junction environment Christian Beck Queen Mary, University
More informationLecture 35. PHYC 161 Fall 2016
Lecture 35 PHYC 161 Fall 2016 Induced electric fields A long, thin solenoid is encircled by a circular conducting loop. Electric field in the loop is what must drive the current. When the solenoid current
More informationWeak Link Probes and Space-Time Translation Symmetry Breaking
Weak Link Probes and Space-Time Translation Symmetry Breaking Frank Wilczek Center for Theoretical Physics, MIT, Cambridge MA 02139 USA August 10, 2013 Abstract Intermittent weak link (Josephson type)
More informationAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS :: SCIENCE
PDF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY - WIKIPEDIA AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS :: SCIENCE 1 / 5 2 / 5 3 / 5 superconductivity physics and applications pdf Superconductivity is a phenomenon of exactly zero
More informationChapter 2 Superconducting Gap Structure and Magnetic Penetration Depth
Chapter 2 Superconducting Gap Structure and Magnetic Penetration Depth Abstract The BCS theory proposed by J. Bardeen, L. N. Cooper, and J. R. Schrieffer in 1957 is the first microscopic theory of superconductivity.
More informationOn the Higgs mechanism in the theory of
On the Higgs mechanism in the theory of superconductivity* ty Dietrich Einzel Walther-Meißner-Institut für Tieftemperaturforschung Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften D-85748 Garching Outline Phenomenological
More informationFinal Report. Superconducting Qubits for Quantum Computation Contract MDA C-A821/0000
Final Report Superconducting Qubits for Quantum Computation Contract MDA904-98-C-A821/0000 Project Director: Prof. J. Lukens Co-project Director: Prof. D. Averin Co-project Director: Prof. K. Likharev
More informationSupersolids. Bose-Einstein Condensation in Quantum Solids Does it really exist?? W. J. Mullin
Supersolids Bose-Einstein Condensation in Quantum Solids Does it really exist?? W. J. Mullin This is a lively controversy in condensed matter physics. Experiment says yes. Theory says no, or at best maybe.
More informationElectromagnetic Induction
Chapter 29 Electromagnetic Induction PowerPoint Lectures for University Physics, 14th Edition Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedman Lectures by Jason Harlow Learning Goals for Chapter 29 Looking forward
More information