Cargo securing in Sweden
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- Sara Charles
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1 State of play on national saf fe loading & cargo securing standards in Europe and wor rk of the UN group of experts on the ILO/IMO/U UNECE standard Slagelse, Denmark 6-7 Septem mber 2012 Sven Sökjer-Petersen Managing Director MariTerm AB (c) International Road Transport Union (IRU) 2011
2 Cargo securing in Sweden Agenda: Short presentation of MariTerm AB Overview of current regulations Scientific background to basic cargo securing parameters Comparison of standards and guidelines for cargo securing Use of Quick Lashing Guides Practical tests Vehicle body structures
3 MariTerm AB MariTerm AB: An engineering company Working within the field of transport mainly, with cargo securing for land and sea transports 7 employees Independent privately owned Established in 1978
4 MariTerm AB MariTerm is a Swedish company with office in Höganäs in Sweden.
5 MariTerm AB Cargo securing instructions
6 MariTerm AB Re esearch projects MariTerm AB
7 Overv view of Current Re egulations
8 Current regulations
9 Current regulations VDI 2700
10 Current re egulations Securing of wooden box weighing 10 tons
11 Current re egulations Securing according to North American Cargo Securement Standard
12 Current re egulations Securing according to European Standard (2003)
13 IMO/ILO/UN ECE Guidelines for acking of Cargo Transport Units 1997 (under revision) Current re egulations Model Course EU Best Practice Guidelines on Cargo Securing Cargo Securing Standard EN
14 Scientific ba ackground to basic cargo securing param meters
15 Differences in basic parameters in IMO and CEN 2003 IMO/ILO/UN ECE 1. Static friction factor at top over lashings 2. Total vertical pre-tension from top over lashing: 2 S TF S TF 0.5 g 0.5 S TF S TF µ S EN (2003) 1. Dynamic friction factor (70% of static friction factor) for all types of securing arrangement 2. Total vertical pre-tension for 0.7 µ S top over lashings= 1.5 S TF 3. Sideways acceleration: 0.5 g for sliding and tipping 4. Internal friction between rows are taken into consideration in tipping equation = VDI 2700 (2002) g for sliding 0.7 g for tipping 3. Sideways acceleration: 0.5 g for sliding ( ) = 0.7 g for tipping 4. No instructions for how to consider internal friction between rows in tipping equation.
16 Effect of the differences IMO/ILO/UN ECE EN (2003) 8 top over lashings (One lashing / section) 32 top over lashings 32 top over lashings (Four lashings / section)
17 1. Static or dynamic friction at top- -over lashings
18 Static or dynamic fric ction in combination with top ov ver lashing Tests carried out at Holmen Paper in Norrköping
19 Accelerations obser rved at breaking test Horizontal acc. 4 Vertical acc T i me [ s e c. ]
20 Results of br reaking tests Weight of paper reel: 600 kg Static coefficient of friction: 0.54 Try no. Measured retardation Required pretension with [m/s 2 ] dynamic friction Peak value Mean value [kg] 1 7,3 6, ,7 6, ,3 6, , ,8 7, ,3 7, CONCLUSION: Required pretension with static friction Actual pretension [kg] [kg] [mm] Sliding didn t occurred until the sum of the pre-tension on both sides had been reduced to 250 kg. Thus, static friction should be used in combination with top over lashings, when dimensioning cargo securing arrangements. Sliding
21 2. Pre-tensio on in top-over over lashi ings
22 Total pressure from a top-over over lashing
23
24 Schematic arrangem ment for testing the pre-tensioning ability of ratchets
25 Pre-tension of a ratche et marked S TF = 400 dan Tests carried out in Laholm in Sweden Point on the gearwheel Force on the tensioning side [dan] Force on the other side [dan] Relation between forces [%] Total vertical pressure [dan]
26 3. Transverse e acceleration 0.5, 0.6 or 0.7 g for tipping
27 Side acceleration 0.5 or 0.7 g for tipping Tests carried out at Holmen Paper in Norrköping
28 Accelerations obse erved at turning test Tur ning te s t no Sideways acc. 6 Vertical acc T i me [ s e c ]
29 Required pre-tension n in top over lashing IMO side acceleration 0.5 g 130 kg friction between piles EN side acceleration 0.7 g 1414 kg tensioner on one side 2.27 m 2.0 m
30 Results of tu urning tests Turning tests with the tensioner on the high side Try no. Pretension before test [kg] Pretension after test [kg] Peak side acceleration High side Low side High side Low side [m/s ] Tipping of vehicle, no tipping of reels Tipping of vehicle, no tipping of reels Tipping of vehicle, no tipping of reels Tipping of vehicle, no tipping of reels Turning tests with the tensioner on the low side Try no. Pretension before test [kg] Pretension after test [kg] Peak side acceleration Comment Comment High side Low side High side Low side [m/s ] Tipping of vehicle, no tipping of reels CONCLUSION: A cargo securing arrangement with top-over lashings, designed in accordance with IMO/ILO/UN ECE Guidelines, provide sufficient safety against tipping, whatever side the tensioning device is applied at and even during extreme vehicle operation.
31 4. Internal fric ction between row ws
32 Internal friction between rows Round turn lashings to prevent tipping Rubber to avoid slidin ng
33 Tipping angles for reels Unsecured Round turn lashed Top over lashed Tests carried out at SCA in Sundsvall /19
34 Comparison of standards and gui idelines
35 Cargo Securing Guidelines and standards for cargo securing European Best Practice Guidelines on Cargo Securing for Road Transport IMO/ILO/UN ECE Guidelines for packing of cargo transport units (CTU s) with IMO Model Course 3.18 Standard EN (2003) (Supers seded) Load restraint assemblies on road vehicles Safety Part 1: Calculation of lashing forces Revised Standard EN (2010 0) Load restraining on road vehicles Safety Part 1: Calculation of securing forces
36 Cargo securing Cargo securing guidelines IMO/ILO/UN ECE 2001 EN EN Supersededd by version 2010
37 Differences in parameters in Cargo securing the guidelines and standards Item IMO/ILO/UN ECEE EN :2003 EN :2010 Acceleration coefficients (road transport) - Forward - Sliding sideways - Tipping sideways + Direct lashings + Frictional lashings c x = 1.0 c y = 0.5 c y = 0.5 (F T =LC) c y = 0.5 (F T =S TF ) c x = 0.8 c y = 0.5 c y = 0.7 (F T =LC) c y = 0.7 (F T =S TF ) c x = 0.8 c y = 0.5 c y = 0.6 (F T =LC)* c y = 0.5 (F T =S TF ) or c y = 0.6 (F T =LC/2) Safety factor in calculations of frictional (top over) lashings - Forward - Sideways and backward f s = 1.0 f s = 1.0 f s = 1.0 f s = 1.0 f s = 1.25 f s = 1.1 * For loop lashing F T =LC/2
38 Cargo se ecuring Differences in parameters in the guidelines and standards Item IMO/ILO/UN ECEE EN :2003 EN :2010 Friction factor established by friction test - Frictional lashings Static friction µ s - Direct lashings Dynamic friction µ d = µ s 0.70 Dynamic friction µ d = µ s 0.70 Dynamic friction µ d = µ s 0.70 µ =µ s µ f µ 0.75 < f µ < 1.0 Internal friction Included Not included Included Coefficient of transmission (k-factor) k = 2 k =1.5 k = 2
39 Cargo se ecuring Differences in parameters in the guidelines and standards Item IMO/ILO/UN ECE EN :2003 EN :2010 Some differences in table of friction factors, e.g: - sawn wood against fabric base laminate/plywood - sawn wood against steel sheet - steel crate against fabric base laminate/plywood µ = 0.50 (dry) µ = 0.40 (dry) Not included µ = 0.50 (dry) µ = 0.40 (dry) Not included µ = 0.45 (dry or wet) µ = 0.30 (dry or wet) µ = 0.45 (dry or wet) Verification of the efficiency of securing arrangement by Calculations Static inclining test Calculations Calculations Static inclining test Dynamic driving test (road transport) Lashing protocol Included Not included Included
40 Cargo securin ng example 1 Required number of top-over lashings to prevent sideways sliding Curtain sided trailer, aluminium floor and strong headboard Wooden boxes H Length = 13.6 m Height = 2.55 m Breadth = 2.48 m Web lashings LC = dan = 1.6 tonnes = 16 kn S TF = 400 dan = 0.4 tonnes = 4 kn B Quantity = 8 pieces H B L = m Weight = kg/box Total cargo weight: 24.0 tonnes L Friction between floor and cargo µ = µ static = 0.4
41 Cargo securin ng example 1 Required number of top-over lashings to prevent sideways sliding IMO/ILO/UN ECE EN :2003 EN :2010 EU Best Practice Guidelines - Cargo Securing (p.108) Equation (6) n where ( c y c k µ d z µ d ) m g sinα F T Equation (10) n where ( c y c z µ ) m g 2µ sin α F T f s n = 0.9 m = 3 tons g = 9.81 m/s 2 c y = 0.5 c z = 1.0 µ d = µ s 0.7 = 0.28 (section 6.1) k = 1.5 F T = 0.4 ton 4 kn α = 84.3º Answer n = 3..9 (table 2) (table 2) (section 6.2) m = 3 tons g = 9.81 m/s 2 c y = 0.5 (table 2) c z = 1.0 (table 2) µ = 0.4 (table B.1) α = 84.3º F T = 0.4 ton 4 kn f s = 1.1 n = 1.02
42 Cargo securin ng example 1 Required number of top-over lashings to prevent sideways sliding IMO/ILO/UN ECE EN :203 EN : top over lashings (One lashing / section) Static friction µ s = 0.4 Lashing force F T = S TF K-factor k = 2 Safety factor f s = top over lashings (Four lashings / section) Reasons for the difference: Dynamic friction µ d = 0.7 µ s = 0.28 Lashing force F T = S TF K-factor k = 1.5 Safety factor f s = top over lashings (with supporting beam) Friction factor µ = 0.4 Lashing force F T = S TF K-factor k = 2 Safety factor f s = 1.1
43 Cargo securing example 1 Required number of top-over over lashings to prevent sideways sliding IMO/ILO/UN ECE EN : EN :2010 Rev EN top over lashings 32 top over lashings 9 top 16 topover overlashings lashings (One lashing / section) (Four lashings / section) (with beam) (Two supporting lashing / section). Reasons for the difference: Static friction µs = 0.4 Lashing force FT = STF K-factor k = 2 Safety factor fs = 1.0 Dynamic friction µd = 0.7 µs= 0.28 Lashing force FT = STF K-factor k = 1.5 Safety factor fs = 1.0 Friction factor µ = 0.4 Lashing force FT = STF K-factor k = 2 Safety factor fs = 1.1
44 Cargo securin ng example 2 Required number of top-over lashings to prevent sideways tipping Curtain sided trailer with strong headboard Steel crates H Blocking Side bottom blocking Length = 13.6 m Height = 2.55 m Breadth = 2.48 m Web lashings LC = dan = 1.6 tonnes = 16 kn S TF = 400 dan = 0.4 tonnes = 4 kn B Quantity = 99 pcs in 11 sections Cargo section dimensions: H B L = m Weight = kg/section Total cargo weight: 22.0 tonnes H/B = (2.4/2.4) =1 Number of rows = 3
45 Cargo securin ng example 2 Required number of top-over lashings to prevent sideways tipping IMO/ILO/UN ECE EU Best Practice Guidelines - Cargo Securing (p.108) n = 0.9/section where EN :2003 Equation (11) nf T 1 2 m = 2 tons/section g = 9.81 m/s 2 c y = 0.7 c z = 1.0 h = 2.4 w = 2.4 k = 1.5 m g( c ( k 1) w sinαα (2 k) h cosα F T = 0.4 ton 4 kn α = 90º h c Answer w) (table 2) (table 2) n = 5.4/section y z (section 6.2) EN :2010 Equation (16) m g ( c y d c z b) n f s w FT (sin α ( N 1)) where m = 2 tons/section g = 9.81 m/s 2 c y = 0.5 or 0.6 (table 2) c z = 1.0 (table 2) d = 1.2 b = 0.4 w = 0.8 F T = S TF or LC/2 4 kn or 8kN N = 3 f s = 1.1 α = 90º n = 0.9/section
46 Cargo securing example 2 Required number of top-over over lashings to prevent sideways tipping IMO/ILO/UN ECE EN : EN : top over lashings 66 top over lashings 11 top over lashings (One lashing / section) (Six lashings / section) (One lashing / section) Reasons for the difference: Acceleration factor cy = 0.5 Lashing force FT = STF K-factor k = 2 Safety factor fs = 1.0 Internal friction considered Acceleration factor cy = 0.7 Lashing force FT = STF K-factor k = 1.5 Safety factor fs = 1.0 No instructions for internal friction Acceleration factor cy = 0.5 or cy = 0.6 Lashing force FT = STF or FT = 0.5 LC K-factor k = 2 Safety factor fs = 1.1 Internal friction considered
47 Cargo securin ng example 3 Required number of top-over lashings to prevent sideways sliding and tipping Curtain sided trailer with strong headboard Paper reels H 2 H 1 Length = 13.6 m Height = 2.55 m Breadth = 2.48 m Web lashings LC = dan = 1.6 tonnes = 16 kn S TF = 400 dan = 0.4 tonnes = 4 kn B 1 One layer B 2 Two layers Quantity = 36 reels in 12 sections H B = m / reel Weight = 650 kg / reel Total cargo weight: 23.4 tonnes H 1 /B 1 = (1.3/2.2) 0.6 H 2 /B 2 = (2.6/2.2) 1.2 Number of rows = 2 Static friction between floor and reel and between reels, µ static = 0.5 Friction factor = 0.46 ( )
48 Cargo securin ng example 3 Required number of top-over lashings to prevent sideways sliding IMO/ILO/UN ECE EU Best Practice Guidelines - Cargo Securing (p.108) No sliding Equation (6) n where m 1 = 1.3 tons m 2 = 2.6 tons EN :2003 ( c y c k µ d g = 9.81 m/s 2 c y = 0.5 g = 1.0 g c z z µ sinα F µ d = µ s 0.7 = 0.35 (section 6.1) k = 1.5 F T = 0.4 ton 4 kn α 1 = 85.6º α 2 = 87.8º Answer (one layer) n 1 = 0.91/section n 2 = 1.82/section d ) m g T (two layers) (table 2) (table 2) (section 6.2) n where EN :2010 Equation (10) ( c y cz µ ) m g 2µ sin α F m 1 = 1.3 tons (one layer) m 2 = 2.6 tons T f s (two layers) g = 9.81 m/s 2 c y = 0.5 g (table 2) c z = 1.0 g (table 2) µ = 0.46 (Annex B) α 1 = 85.6º α 2 = 87.8º F T = 0.4 ton 4 kn f s = 1.1 n 1 = 0.16/section n 2 = 0.31/section
49 Cargo securin ng example 3 Required number of top-over lashings to prevent sideways tipping one layer IMO/ILO/UN ECE EN :2003 EN :2010 EU Best Practice Guidelines - Cargo Securing (p.108) Equation (11) nf T where 1 2 m = 1.3 tons/section g = 9.81 m/s 2 c y c z = 0.7 g = 1.0 g h = 1.3 w = 1.1 k = 1.5 m g ( c ( k 1) w sin α (2 k) h cosα F T = 0.4 ton 4 kn α = 85.6º y h c Answer z w) (table 2) (table 2) (section 6.2) Equation (16) m g ( c y d c z b) n w FT (sin α ( N 1)) where m = 1.3 tons/section g = 9.81 m/s 2 c y = 0.5 g or 0.6g (table 2) c y = 1.0 g (table 2) d = 0.65 b = 0.55 w = 1.1 F T = S TF or LC/2 4 kn or 8 kn N = 2 f s = 1.1 α = 85.6º f s No tipping No tipping No tipping
50 Cargo securin ng example 3 Required number of top-over lashings to prevent sideways tipping two layers IMO/ILO/UN ECE EN :2003 EN :2010 EU Best Practice Guidelines - Cargo Securing (p.108) Equation (11) 1 m g( cy h cz w) nf T 2 ( k 1) w sinαα (2 k) h cosα Equation (16) m g ( c y d c z b) n w F (sin α ( N 1)) T f s where m = 2.6 tons/section g = 9.81 m/s 2 c y c z = 0.7 g = 1.0 g h = 2.6 w = 1.1 k = 1.5 F T = 0.4 ton 4 kn α = 87.8º Answer (table 2) (table 2) (section 6.2) where m = 2.6 tons/section g = 9.81 m/s 2 c y = 0.5 g or 0.6g (table 2) c z = 1.0 g (table 2) d = 1.3 b = 0.55 w = 1.1 F T = S TF or LC/2 4 kn or 8 kn N = 2 f s = 1.1 α = 87.8º n 2 = 0.5/section n 2 = 4.6/section n 2 = 0.7/section
51 Cargo securing example 3 Required number of top-over over lashings to prevent sideways sliding and tipping IMO/ILO/UN ECE 9 top over lashings (One lashing / 4 tonnes of cargo to prevent tipping and wandering) EN : EN : top over lashings 10 top over lashings (five lashings/section when loaded in two layers to prevent sliding and tipping, and one lashing/section when loaded in one layer to prevent sliding) (five lashings / six sections loaded in two layers to prevent tipping, and one lashing / 1-2 sections of cargo loaded in one layer to prevent sliding) Reasons for the difference: Static friction µs = 0.5 Acceleration factor cy = 0.5 Lashing force FT = STF K-factor k = 2 Safety factor fs = 1.0 Internal friction considered Dynamic friction µd = 0.7 µs= 0.35 Acceleration factor cy = 0.5 (sliding) and cy = 0.7 (tipping) Lashing force FT = STF K-factor k = 1.5 Safety factor fs = 1.0 No instructions for internal friction Friction factor µ = 0.46 Acceleration factor cy = 0.5 or cy = 0.6 Lashing force FT = STF or FT = 0.5 LC K-factor k = 2 Safety factor fs= 1.1 Internal friction considered
52 Cargo securin ng example 4 Required number of top-over lashings to prevent sideways sliding and tipping Truck with plyfa floor Heat exchanger with steel feet H h l Length = 8. m Height = 2.55 m Breadth = 2.48 m Breadth between lashing points = 2.36 m Web lashings LC = dan = 1.6 tonnes = 16 kn S TF = 400 dan = 0.4 tonnes = 4 kn b B L The heat exchanger is blocked in forward direction. H B L = m Centre of gravity: h b l = m Weight = 2000 kg = 2 tonnes h/b= (1.35/0.45) = 3.0 Number of rows = 1 Static friction µ static = 0.4 and friction factor µ = 0.45
53 Cargo securin ng example 4 Required number of top-over lashings to prevent sideways sliding IMO/ILO/UN ECE EU Best Practice Guidelines - Cargo Securing (p.108) Equation (6) where n m = 2 tons EN :2003 ( c y c k µ d g = 9.81 m/s 2 c y = 0.5 g c z = 1.0 g z µ sinα F µ d = µ s 0.7 = 0.28 (section 6.1) k = 1.5 F T = 0.4 ton 4 kn α = 70º d ) m g T (table 2) (table 2) (section 6.2) n where EN :2010 Equation (10) ( c y cz µ ) m g 2µ sin α F m = 2 tons g = 9.81 m/s 2 c y = 0.5 g (table 2) c z = 1.0 g (table 2) µ = 0.45 (Annex B) α = 70º F T = 0.4 ton 4 kn f s = 1.1 T f s n = 0.6 Answer n = 2.7 n = 0.3
54 Required number of top-over lashings to prevent sideways tipping IMO/ILO/UN ECE EU Best Practice Guidelines - Cargo Securing (p.108) Cargo securin ng example 4 where m = 2 tons EN :2003 Equation (11) modified for centre of gravity off centre m g ( cy d cz b) nf T ( k 1) w sin α (2 k) h cosα g = 9.81 m/s 2 c y c z = 0.7 g = 1.0 g d = 1.35 b = 0.45 h = 2.0 w = 0.9 k = 1.5 F T = 0.4 ton = 4 kn α = 70º Answer (table 2) (table 2) (section 6.2) EN :2010 Equation (16) m g ( c y d c z b) n where w F (sin α ( N 1)) m = 2 tons/section g = 9.81 m/s 2 c y = 0.5 g or 0.6g (table 2) c z = 1.0 g (table 2) n = 1.25 n = 30.0 n = 1.9 T d = 1.35 b = 0.45 w = 0.9 F T = S TF or LC/2 = 4 kn or 6.5kN N = 2 f s = 1.1 α = 70º f s
55 Cargo securin ng example 4 Required number of top-over lashings to prevent sideways sliding and tipping IMO/ILO/UN ECE EN :2003 EN : top over lashings 30 top ove er lashings 2 top over lashings Static friction µ s = 0.4 Acceleration factor c y = 0.5 Lashing force F T = S TF K-factor k = 2 Safety factor f s = 1.0 Reasons for the difference: Dynamic friction µ d = 0.7 µ s = 0.28 Acceleration factor c y = 0.5 (sliding) and c y = 0.7 (tipping) Lashing force F T = S TF K-factor 1.5 Safety factor f s = 1.0 Friction factor µ = 0.45 Acceleration factor c y = 0.5 or c y = 0.6 Lashing force F T = S TF or F T = 0.5 LC K-factor k = 2 Safety factor f s = 1.1
56 Cargo securing according to IMO Weight of box 2 ton
57 Cargo securing according to EN 2003 Weight of box 2 ton
58 Cargo securing according to EN 2010 Weight of box 2 ton
59 Cargo securing acco ording to EN Photo of the month for January 2009 Weight of beams 24 ton
60 Cargo secu uring level SAFE IS ENOUGH! SAFE AND RATIONAL! IMO/ILO/UN ECE EN EN
61 Number of Top-Over lashings to prevent sliding Sideways IMO/ILO/ IMO/ILO IMO/ILO/ µ UN ECE UN ECEE UN ECE ,05 100% 204% 110% 100% 0,10 100% 212% 110% 100% 0,15 100% 223% 110% 100% 0,20 100% 237% 110% 100% 0,25 100% 256% 110% 100% Cargo securing Comparison between the different guidelines for road transport 0,30 100% 286% 110% 100% 0,35 100% 335% 110% 100% 0,40 100% 434% 110% 100% 0,45 100% 730% 110% 100% 0,50 100% 0,55 100% 0,60 No sliding 100% 0,65 100% 0,70 100% 0,75 100% Forward Backwards 200% 99% 100% 204% 110% 204% 97% 100% 212% 110% 208% 96% 100% 223% 110% 212% 94% 100% 237% 110% 217% 92% 100% 256% 110% 223% 89% 100% 286% 110% 229% 87% 100% 335% 110% 237% 83% 100% 434% 110% 246% 80% 100% 730% 110% 256% 75% 270% 69% 286% 63% No sliding 307% 54% 335% 42% 375% 25%
62 Level of carg go securing Applicable for top-over lashings EN (2003 3) VDI 2700 part 2 German national standard EN (2010 0) IMO Model Cours se 3.18 Swedish rules No cargo secur ring
63 Level of carg go securing Applicable for top-over lashings EN (2003 3) VDI 2700 part 2: :2002 German national standard EN (2010 0) IMO Model Cours se 3.18 Swedish rules No cargo secur ring
64 Quick Lashing Guides
65 MariTerm AB in House Training Volvo CE in Arvika
66 MariTerm AB Carg go securing training Cargo securing training in Pusan for IMO (International Maritime Organisation)
67 Cargo securing Quick Lashing Guides
68 Cargo securing ins spections in Sweden Cargo securing is inspected against the Quick Lashing Guide
69 Cargo securing Quick Lashing Guides
70 Practical al tests
71 Practica al tests Dynamic driving tests carried out by DEKRA
72 Practical inclination tests
73 Theory behin nd the tests Basic design requirement: Practical inclination test: S = m (a h - µ a v ) S = m (sin α - µ cos α) The support S shall be equal in basic design and test and thus: m (a h -µ a v ) = m (sin α -µ cos α)
74 Practical incl lination tests Inclination α [ ] α Practical tests Practical tests can be worked out for determining the coefficient of friction for different types of combined materials, in purpose of controlling the function of the lashing arrangement. Sideways Functionality of lashing arrangement ,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 Current coefficient of friction, µ Road, the Baltic Sea 2 The North Sea 3 Unrestricted area Forwards and backwards 4 The Baltic Sea 5 The North Sea 6 Unrestricted area 7 Forwards road transport 8 Backwards road transport
75 Practical incl lination tests Practical tests in longitudinal and transverse direction with a truck crane loaded onto a container flat rack for road and sea transport
76 Practical incl lination tests Practical tests with chemicals in bags
77 Practical incl lination tests Practical tests lengthways and sideways with a Volvo XC 90
78 Vehicle e body struct tures
79 Cargo Transport Units Different types of vehicle body structures Open type Cover stake type Box type Curtainsider Box type with side doors
80 Curtain nsiders Cargo shifting in curtainsiders
81 Curtain nsiders Marking according to EN 12642
82 Curtainsiders
83 Curtainsiders
84 Curtainsiders
85 Thanks for yo our attention! riterm.se
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