Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry
|
|
- Angela Davis
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Hiroshi Suzuki Theoretical Physics Laboratory Nov. 18, Theoretical science colloquium in RIKEN Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
2 Identical particles in microscopic world Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
3 Identical particles in microscopic world Fermi particle (fermion) Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
4 Identical particles in microscopic world Fermi particle (fermion) Bose particle (boson) Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
5 Identical particles in microscopic world Fermi particle (fermion) Electron, proton, neutron, 3 He, neutrino, quarks... Bose particle (boson) Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
6 Identical particles in microscopic world Fermi particle (fermion) Electron, proton, neutron, 3 He, neutrino, quarks... Bose particle (boson) Photon, pion, 4 He, W -boson, Z -boson, Higgs particle... Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
7 Identical particles in microscopic world Fermi particle (fermion) Electron, proton, neutron, 3 He, neutrino, quarks... Only one particle in a specific quantum state Bose particle (boson) Photon, pion, 4 He, W -boson, Z -boson, Higgs particle... Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
8 Identical particles in microscopic world Fermi particle (fermion) Electron, proton, neutron, 3 He, neutrino, quarks... Only one particle in a specific quantum state Bose particle (boson) Photon, pion, 4 He, W -boson, Z -boson, Higgs particle... Any number of particles in a specific quantum state Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
9 Identical particles in microscopic world Fermi particle (fermion) Electron, proton, neutron, 3 He, neutrino, quarks... Only one particle in a specific quantum state Bose particle (boson) Photon, pion, 4 He, W -boson, Z -boson, Higgs particle... Any number of particles in a specific quantum state They have quite different statistical properties... Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
10 Identical particles in microscopic world Fermi particle (fermion) Electron, proton, neutron, 3 He, neutrino, quarks... Only one particle in a specific quantum state Bose particle (boson) Photon, pion, 4 He, W -boson, Z -boson, Higgs particle... Any number of particles in a specific quantum state They have quite different statistical properties... SUperSYmmetry (SUSY) postulates invariance under the exchange of these bosons and fermions! Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
11 But our real world is not supersymmetric... Mass spectrum of elementary particles boson fermion mass Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
12 But our real world is not supersymmetric... Mass spectrum of elementary particles boson fermion mass Higgs particle? W, Z bosons photon top quark u, d quarks electron neutrino Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
13 But our real world is not supersymmetric... Mass spectrum of elementary particles boson SUSY fermion mass Higgs particle? W, Z bosons photon top quark u, d quarks electron neutrino Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
14 But our real world is not supersymmetric... Mass spectrum of elementary particles boson SUSY fermion mass Higgs particle? W, Z bosons photon top quark u, d quarks electron neutrino Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
15 But our real world is not supersymmetric... Mass spectrum of elementary particles boson SUSY fermion mass Higgs particle?? top quark W, Z bosons? u, d quarks electron neutrino photon? Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
16 But our real world is not supersymmetric... Mass spectrum of elementary particles boson SUSY fermion mass Higgs particle??? top quark W, Z bosons?? u, d quarks? electron? neutrino photon? Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
17 But our real world is not supersymmetric... Mass spectrum of elementary particles boson SUSY fermion mass Higgs particle? W, Z bosons photon top quark u, d quarks electron neutrino Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
18 But our real world is not supersymmetric... Mass spectrum of elementary particles boson sneutrino? SUSY fermion photino? mass Higgs particle? W, Z bosons photon top quark u, d quarks electron neutrino Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
19 But our real world is not supersymmetric... Mass spectrum of elementary particles boson sneutrino? SUSY fermion photino? mass Higgs particle? W, Z bosons photon top quark u, d quarks electron neutrino Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
20 But our real world is not supersymmetric... Mass spectrum of elementary particles boson sneutrino? SUSY fermion photino? mass Higgs particle? W, Z bosons photon top quark u, d quarks electron neutrino Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
21 Spontaneous symmetry breaking The situation s.t. the mass spectrum does not reflect a symmetry, if the symmetry is spontaneously broken Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
22 Spontaneous symmetry breaking The situation s.t. the mass spectrum does not reflect a symmetry, if the symmetry is spontaneously broken Spontaneous symmetry breaking The lowest energy (quantum) state of the system is not invariant under the symmetry transformation Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
23 Spontaneous symmetry breaking The situation s.t. the mass spectrum does not reflect a symmetry, if the symmetry is spontaneously broken Spontaneous symmetry breaking The lowest energy (quantum) state of the system is not invariant under the symmetry transformation SUSY is spontaneously broken? Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
24 Spontaneous symmetry breaking The situation s.t. the mass spectrum does not reflect a symmetry, if the symmetry is spontaneously broken Spontaneous symmetry breaking The lowest energy (quantum) state of the system is not invariant under the symmetry transformation SUSY is spontaneously broken? Nambu-Goldstone theorem When ordinary (continuous) symmetry is spontaneously broken, there emerge massless boson(s) Chiral symmetry is spontaneously broken! pions Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
25 Spontaneous symmetry breaking The situation s.t. the mass spectrum does not reflect a symmetry, if the symmetry is spontaneously broken Spontaneous symmetry breaking The lowest energy (quantum) state of the system is not invariant under the symmetry transformation SUSY is spontaneously broken? Nambu-Goldstone theorem When super- symmetry is spontaneously broken, there emerge massless fermion(s) Chiral symmetry is spontaneously broken! pions Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
26 SUSY and Quantum Field Theory (QFT) Since SUSY changes the number of fermions (and of bosons) in the system, it is naturally discussed only in the 2nd quantization framework (= the number representation) Quantum Field Theory (QFT) Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
27 SUSY and Quantum Field Theory (QFT) Since SUSY changes the number of fermions (and of bosons) in the system, it is naturally discussed only in the 2nd quantization framework (= the number representation) Quantum Field Theory (QFT) QFT is quantum mechanics of infinitely many variables (field) φ(x, t), x R 3, t: time Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
28 SUSY and Quantum Field Theory (QFT) Since SUSY changes the number of fermions (and of bosons) in the system, it is naturally discussed only in the 2nd quantization framework (= the number representation) Quantum Field Theory (QFT) QFT is quantum mechanics of infinitely many variables (field) φ(x, t), x R 3, t: time This is technically complicated, so let us consider QFT in an artificial space, consisting of a single point φ(, t) q(t), t: time This is quantum mechanics of a single degree of freedom... Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
29 SUSY Quantum Mechanics (QM) Hamiltonian of SUSY QM (obtained by p i d dq ) H = 2 2 d 2 dq ( 2 W (q) 2 + W (q) b b 1 ), 2 where the function W (q) is called the super-potential Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
30 SUSY Quantum Mechanics (QM) Hamiltonian of SUSY QM (obtained by p i d dq ) H = 2 2 d 2 dq ( 2 W (q) 2 + W (q) b b 1 ), 2 where the function W (q) is called the super-potential Schrödinger equation for the wave function (or state) Ψ(q) HΨ(q) = EΨ(q), where E is called the energy eigenvalue and Ψ(q) is the eigenfunction Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
31 SUSY Quantum Mechanics (QM) Hamiltonian of SUSY QM (obtained by p i d dq ) H = 2 2 d 2 dq ( 2 W (q) 2 + W (q) b b 1 ), 2 where the function W (q) is called the super-potential Schrödinger equation for the wave function (or state) Ψ(q) HΨ(q) = EΨ(q), where E is called the energy eigenvalue and Ψ(q) is the eigenfunction Among E, the smallest E ( E 0 ), the ground state energy will be very important in what follows Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
32 Creation and annihilation operators of a fermion b and b obey the relations and, from these, bb + b b = 1, (b ) 2 = b 2 = 0 0 b 1 b b b 1 Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
33 Creation and annihilation operators of a fermion b and b obey the relations and, from these, bb + b b = 1, (b ) 2 = b 2 = 0 0 b 1 b b b 1 These can be represented in terms of a two-story notation ( ) ( ) bosonic, 1 fermionic 1 0 and 2 2 matrices b ( ) 0 0, b 1 0 ( ) Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
34 SUSY QM In this two-story notation, H = ( 2 d 2 2 dq ) ( 2 W (q) ) + ( ) 2 W 1 0 (q) 0 1 Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
35 SUSY QM In this two-story notation, H = ( 2 d 2 2 dq ) ( 2 W (q) Now, the fundamental relation in SUSY QM is H = Q 2 ) + ( ) 2 W 1 0 (q) 0 1 where Q is an (hermitian) operator called the super-charge Q = 1 [ i d ( ) ( )] W 0 i (q) 2 dq 1 0 i 0 Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
36 SUSY QM In this two-story notation, H = ( 2 d 2 2 dq ) ( 2 W (q) Now, the fundamental relation in SUSY QM is H = Q 2 ) + ( ) 2 W 1 0 (q) 0 1 where Q is an (hermitian) operator called the super-charge Q = 1 [ i d ( ) ( )] W 0 i (q) 2 dq 1 0 i 0 The supercharge maps the boson into the fermion and vice versa ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 0 Q =, Q = 0 0 and generates SUSY transformation Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
37 Basic property of SUSY QM (I) Since H = Q 2, the energy eigenvalue E HΨ(q) = Q 2 Ψ(q) = EΨ(q) is positive or zero E 0 Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
38 Basic property of SUSY QM (I) Since H = Q 2, the energy eigenvalue E HΨ(q) = Q 2 Ψ(q) = EΨ(q) is positive or zero E 0 The zero-energy E = 0 is very special, because E = 0 Q 2 Ψ(q) = 0 QΨ(q) = 0 Zero-energy state is always annihilated by the supercharge Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
39 Basic property of SUSY QM (I) Since H = Q 2, the energy eigenvalue E HΨ(q) = Q 2 Ψ(q) = EΨ(q) is positive or zero E 0 The zero-energy E = 0 is very special, because E = 0 Q 2 Ψ(q) = 0 QΨ(q) = 0 Zero-energy state is always annihilated by the supercharge Zero-energy state is always invariant under SUSY transformation Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
40 Basic property of SUSY QM (II) For any positive energy eigenvalue E > 0 HΨ(q) = EΨ(q), E > 0, one may always apply Q to produce another state Φ(q) Φ(q) = QΨ(q) that has the identical energy E (recall H = Q 2 ) HΦ(q) = HQΨ(q) = QHΨ(q) = QEΨ(q) = EΦ(q), E > 0 Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
41 Basic property of SUSY QM (II) For any positive energy eigenvalue E > 0 HΨ(q) = EΨ(q), E > 0, one may always apply Q to produce another state Φ(q) Φ(q) = QΨ(q) that has the identical energy E (recall H = Q 2 ) HΦ(q) = HQΨ(q) = QHΨ(q) = QEΨ(q) = EΦ(q), E > 0 All E > 0 states consist of pairs of bosonic and fermionic states! Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
42 Basic property of SUSY QM (II) For any positive energy eigenvalue E > 0 HΨ(q) = EΨ(q), E > 0, one may always apply Q to produce another state Φ(q) Φ(q) = QΨ(q) that has the identical energy E (recall H = Q 2 ) HΦ(q) = HQΨ(q) = QHΨ(q) = QEΨ(q) = EΦ(q), E > 0 All E > 0 states consist of pairs of bosonic and fermionic states! N.B. The pairing is impossible for E = 0 because QΨ(q) = 0 Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
43 Possible patterns of the energy spectrum E 0 = 0 E 0 > 0 Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
44 Possible patterns of the energy spectrum E 0 = 0 E 0 > 0 QΨ 0 (q) = 0 Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
45 Possible patterns of the energy spectrum E 0 = 0 E 0 > 0 QΨ 0 (q) = 0 QΨ 0 (q) = Φ 0 (q) 0 Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
46 Possible patterns of the energy spectrum SUSY is spontaneously broken! E 0 = 0 E 0 > 0 QΨ 0 (q) = 0 QΨ 0 (q) = Φ 0 (q) 0 Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
47 Zero-energy E = 0 state in SUSY QM Zero-energy E = 0 state satisfies the 1st order differential eq. QΨ(q) = i ( ) [ 0 1 d dq + 1 ( )] W 1 0 (q) Ψ(q) = Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
48 Zero-energy E = 0 state in SUSY QM Zero-energy E = 0 state satisfies the 1st order differential eq. QΨ(q) = i ( ) [ 0 1 d dq + 1 ( )] W 1 0 (q) Ψ(q) = The solution is ( ( exp + 1 Ψ(q) W (q)) ) 0 or ( ) 0 Ψ(q) exp ( 1 W (q)) Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
49 Zero-energy E = 0 state in SUSY QM Zero-energy E = 0 state satisfies the 1st order differential eq. QΨ(q) = i ( ) [ 0 1 d dq + 1 ( )] W 1 0 (q) Ψ(q) = The solution is ( ( exp + 1 Ψ(q) W (q)) ) 0 The solution, however, must be normalizable This requires or or dq Ψ(q) Ψ(q) < W (q) + for q ± W (q) for q ± ( ) 0 Ψ(q) exp ( 1 W (q)) Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
50 Asymptotic behavior of W (q) determines which... If W (q) behaves as There exists E = 0 state and SUSY is not broken Otherwise, for example, or SUSY is spontaneously broken! Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
51 Let us consider two examples Model I W (q) = 1 2 ωq2 Model II W (q) = 1 2 ωq2 1 3 λq3 Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
52 Let us consider two examples Model I W (q) = 1 2 ωq2 SUSY will not be spontaneously broken Model II W (q) = 1 2 ωq2 1 3 λq3 Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
53 Let us consider two examples Model I W (q) = 1 2 ωq2 SUSY will not be spontaneously broken Model II W (q) = 1 2 ωq2 1 3 λq3 SUSY will be spontaneously broken Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
54 The ground state in model I The Hamiltonian H = ( 2 2 d 2 dq ω2 q 2 ) ( ) ( ) ω 0 1 represents two independent harmonic oscillators with shifted zero-point energies ±(1/2) ω: Exactly solvable The unique ground state ( ) 0 Ψ 0 (q) = ( ω ) 1/4 ( π exp ω 2 q2) has the energy E 0 = 1 2 ω 1 2 ω = 0 and is annihilated by the supercharge QΨ 0 (q) = 0 Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
55 1st excited states in model I The first excited states ( ) 0 Ψ 1 (q) = ( ) 4ω 3 1/4 ( π q exp ω 3 2 q2) QΦ 1 (q) and Φ 1 (q) = ( ( ω ) 1/4 ( ) π exp ω 2 q2) QΨ 1 (q) 0 bosonic fermionic have the degenerate energies E 1 = 3 2 ω 1 ω = ω 2 E 1 = 1 2 ω + 1 ω = ω 2 Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
56 Spectrum in model I E 4 = 4 ω E 3 = 3 ω E 2 = 2 ω E 1 = ω E 0 = 0 Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
57 Spectrum in model I E 4 = 4 ω E 3 = 3 ω E 2 = 2 ω E 1 = ω E 0 = 0 The excitation energy from the ground state to the first excited bosonic state is ω Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
58 Spectrum in model I E 4 = 4 ω E 3 = 3 ω E 2 = 2 ω E 1 = ω E 0 = 0 The excitation energy from the ground state to the first excited bosonic state is ω The excitation energy from the ground state to the first excited fermionic state is ω Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
59 Model II in the perturbation theory Model II H = [ 2 2 is not exactly solvable for λ 0 d 2 dq ( 2 ω2 q 2 1 λ ) ] 2 (1 0 ω q 0 1 ) ( ) ( ω λq ) Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
60 Model II in the perturbation theory Model II H = [ 2 2 d 2 dq ( 2 ω2 q 2 1 λ ) ] 2 (1 0 ω q 0 1 is not exactly solvable for λ 0 Perturbation theory H = H 0 + H ) ( ) ( ω λq where H 0 = ( 2 d 2 2 dq ) ( ) 2 ω2 q ( ) ω 0 1 ( H = λωq ) ( ) ( ) 2 λ2 q λq ) Model I Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
61 At O(λ 0 ), E (0) 0 = 1 2 ω 1 2 ω = 0 Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
62 At O(λ 0 ), E (0) 0 = 1 2 ω 1 2 ω = 0 No O(λ) term because of the reflection symmetry λ λ, q q Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
63 At O(λ 0 ), E (0) 0 = 1 2 ω 1 2 ω = 0 No O(λ) term because of the reflection symmetry λ λ, q q At O(λ 2 ): dq Ψ (0) 0 (q) H Ψ (0) (q) = dq Ψ(0) 0 (q) H Ψ (0) n (q) 2 n>0 E (0) 0 E (0) n 8ω 2 λ2 = 3 2 8ω 2 λ2 + O(λ 4 ) and E (2) 0 = 3 2 8ω 2 λ ω 2 λ2 = 0 Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
64 At O(λ 0 ), E (0) 0 = 1 2 ω 1 2 ω = 0 No O(λ) term because of the reflection symmetry λ λ, q q At O(λ 2 ): and dq Ψ (0) 0 (q) H Ψ (0) (q) = dq Ψ(0) 0 (q) H Ψ (0) n (q) 2 n>0 E (0) 0 E (0) n 8ω 2 λ2 E (2) 0 = 3 2 8ω 2 λ ω 2 λ2 = 0 Is this just a coincidence? = 3 2 8ω 2 λ2 + O(λ 4 ) Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
65 Non-renormalization theorem! Non-renormalization theorem E 0 = 0 persists in all orders of power-series expansion w.r.t. λ Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
66 Non-renormalization theorem! Non-renormalization theorem E 0 = 0 persists in all orders of power-series expansion w.r.t. λ Proof: The would-be E = 0 wave function exp ( 1 ) [ W (q) = exp 1 ( 1 2 ωq2 1 )] 3 λq3 is normalizable to all orders of the power-series expansion to O(λ N ) exp ( 1 ) W (q) exp ( ω N 2 q2) ( ) 1 λ n n! 3 q3. n=0 Q.E.D. Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
67 Non-renormalization theorem! Non-renormalization theorem E 0 = 0 persists in all orders of power-series expansion w.r.t. λ Proof: The would-be E = 0 wave function exp ( 1 ) [ W (q) = exp 1 ( 1 2 ωq2 1 )] 3 λq3 is normalizable to all orders of the power-series expansion to O(λ N ) exp ( 1 ) W (q) exp ( ω N 2 q2) ( ) 1 λ n n! 3 q3. Q.E.D. Spontaneous SUSY breaking in this system cannot be seen by perturbation theory! Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29 n=0
68 Non-renormalization theorem More generally, for any superpotential W (q), Non-renormalization theorem If E 0 = 0 in the classical theory (i.e., when = 0), then E 0 = 0 remains in all orders of perturbation theory Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
69 Non-renormalization theorem More generally, for any superpotential W (q), Non-renormalization theorem If E 0 = 0 in the classical theory (i.e., when = 0), then E 0 = 0 remains in all orders of perturbation theory Proof: Almost the same as above Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
70 Non-renormalization theorem More generally, for any superpotential W (q), Non-renormalization theorem If E 0 = 0 in the classical theory (i.e., when = 0), then E 0 = 0 remains in all orders of perturbation theory Proof: Almost the same as above SUSY theories typically exhibit this sort of remarkable stability under perturbative (or radiative) corrections Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
71 Non-renormalization theorem More generally, for any superpotential W (q), Non-renormalization theorem If E 0 = 0 in the classical theory (i.e., when = 0), then E 0 = 0 remains in all orders of perturbation theory Proof: Almost the same as above SUSY theories typically exhibit this sort of remarkable stability under perturbative (or radiative) corrections Such stability results from the cancellation between the contribution from bosons and fermions + Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
72 Semi-classical approximation Semi-classical (or WKB, or instanton) approximation yields E 0 ω ( 2π exp 2 ω 3 ) 6λ 2 > 0 Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
73 Semi-classical approximation Semi-classical (or WKB, or instanton) approximation yields E 0 ω ( 2π exp 2 ω 3 ) 6λ 2 > 0 = 0 + 0λ 2 + 0λ 4 + 0λ 6 + Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
74 Semi-classical approximation Semi-classical (or WKB, or instanton) approximation yields E 0 ω ( 2π exp 2 ω 3 ) 6λ 2 > 0 = 0 + 0λ 2 + 0λ 4 + 0λ 6 + Spontaneous SUSY breaking in this system is a purely non-perturbative phenomenon! Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
75 Spectrum in model II E 1 ω E 0 > 0 Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
76 Spectrum in model II E 1 ω E 0 > 0 The excitation energy from the ground state to the first excited bosonic state is ω Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
77 Spectrum in model II E 1 ω E 0 > 0 The excitation energy from the ground state to the first excited bosonic state is ω There is no excitation energy from the ground state to another fermionic ground state! = Nambu-Goldstone theorem Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
78 Dictionary from SUSY QM to SUSY QFT Dictionary SUSY QM SUSY QFT Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
79 Dictionary from SUSY QM to SUSY QFT Dictionary SUSY QM SUSY QFT ground state vacuum Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
80 Dictionary from SUSY QM to SUSY QFT Dictionary SUSY QM SUSY QFT ground state vacuum ground state energy E 0 vacuum energy density E 0 Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
81 Dictionary from SUSY QM to SUSY QFT Dictionary SUSY QM SUSY QFT ground state vacuum ground state energy E 0 vacuum energy density E 0 if E 0 > 0, SUSY broken if E 0 > 0, SUSY broken Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
82 Dictionary from SUSY QM to SUSY QFT Dictionary SUSY QM SUSY QFT ground state vacuum ground state energy E 0 vacuum energy density E 0 if E 0 > 0, SUSY broken if E 0 > 0, SUSY broken excitation energy particle mass (E = mc 2 ) Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
83 Dictionary from SUSY QM to SUSY QFT Dictionary SUSY QM SUSY QFT ground state vacuum ground state energy E 0 vacuum energy density E 0 if E 0 > 0, SUSY broken if E 0 > 0, SUSY broken excitation energy particle mass (E = mc 2 ) Nambu-Goldstone theorem Nambu-Goldstone theorem Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
84 Dictionary from SUSY QM to SUSY QFT Dictionary SUSY QM SUSY QFT and ground state vacuum ground state energy E 0 vacuum energy density E 0 if E 0 > 0, SUSY broken if E 0 > 0, SUSY broken excitation energy particle mass (E = mc 2 ) Nambu-Goldstone theorem Nambu-Goldstone theorem non-renormalization theorem non-renormalization theorem Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
85 Dictionary from SUSY QM to SUSY QFT Dictionary SUSY QM SUSY QFT and ground state vacuum ground state energy E 0 vacuum energy density E 0 if E 0 > 0, SUSY broken if E 0 > 0, SUSY broken excitation energy particle mass (E = mc 2 ) Nambu-Goldstone theorem Nambu-Goldstone theorem non-renormalization theorem non-renormalization theorem The cancellation between bosons and fermions makes the divergence of the mass of the Higgs particle quite moderate Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
86 Dictionary from SUSY QM to SUSY QFT Dictionary SUSY QM SUSY QFT and ground state vacuum ground state energy E 0 vacuum energy density E 0 if E 0 > 0, SUSY broken if E 0 > 0, SUSY broken excitation energy particle mass (E = mc 2 ) Nambu-Goldstone theorem Nambu-Goldstone theorem non-renormalization theorem non-renormalization theorem The cancellation between bosons and fermions makes the divergence of the mass of the Higgs particle quite moderate Consistency of string theory requires SUSY Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
87 Large Hadron Collider (LHC) To find evidence of SUSY is one of the main objectives... Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
88 Non-perturbative study of SUSY QFT Just as in SUSY QM, the spontaneous SUSY breaking can occur in SUSY QFT and it can be a non-perturbative phenomenon Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
89 Non-perturbative study of SUSY QFT Just as in SUSY QM, the spontaneous SUSY breaking can occur in SUSY QFT and it can be a non-perturbative phenomenon Then can we compute such non-perturbative phenomena in SUSY QFT from first principles? Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
90 Non-perturbative study of SUSY QFT Just as in SUSY QM, the spontaneous SUSY breaking can occur in SUSY QFT and it can be a non-perturbative phenomenon Then can we compute such non-perturbative phenomena in SUSY QFT from first principles? No Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
91 Non-perturbative study of SUSY QFT Just as in SUSY QM, the spontaneous SUSY breaking can occur in SUSY QFT and it can be a non-perturbative phenomenon Then can we compute such non-perturbative phenomena in SUSY QFT from first principles? No Why? Because the equation is very complicated? Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
92 Non-perturbative study of SUSY QFT Just as in SUSY QM, the spontaneous SUSY breaking can occur in SUSY QFT and it can be a non-perturbative phenomenon Then can we compute such non-perturbative phenomena in SUSY QFT from first principles? No Why? Because the equation is very complicated? No Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
93 Non-perturbative study of SUSY QFT Just as in SUSY QM, the spontaneous SUSY breaking can occur in SUSY QFT and it can be a non-perturbative phenomenon Then can we compute such non-perturbative phenomena in SUSY QFT from first principles? No Why? Because the equation is very complicated? Then why? No Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
94 Non-perturbative study of SUSY QFT Just as in SUSY QM, the spontaneous SUSY breaking can occur in SUSY QFT and it can be a non-perturbative phenomenon Then can we compute such non-perturbative phenomena in SUSY QFT from first principles? No Why? Because the equation is very complicated? Then why? No We do not know the equation, beyond the perturbation theory! Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
95 Non-perturbative study of SUSY QFT Just as in SUSY QM, the spontaneous SUSY breaking can occur in SUSY QFT and it can be a non-perturbative phenomenon Then can we compute such non-perturbative phenomena in SUSY QFT from first principles? No Why? Because the equation is very complicated? Then why? No We do not know the equation, beyond the perturbation theory! We only have perturbation theory + consistency arguments Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
96 Non-perturbative definition by the lattice QFT is quantum mechanics of infinitely many variables (field) φ(x, t), x R 3, t: time φ(x, t), x Z 3, t Z This discretization however breaks SUSY... Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
97 Only quite recently... (I. Kanamori, PRD 79 (2009)) Vacuum energy density E 0 of a certain SUSY QFT (SUSY Yang-Mills theory) defined in one-dimensional space E 0 /g 2 = 0.09 ± 0.09(sys) (stat) (energy density) g a 0 (!g) -a 1 +a !g it appears that the spontaneous SUSY breaking in this system is unlikely... Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
98 Summary SUSY is a very interesting possibility, but it must be spontaneously broken to be true in the real world To study nonperturbative spontaneous breaking of SUSY from first principles, we need a non-perturbative formulation of SUSY QFT This is not yet available, although we had recently a promising success at least partially Hiroshi Suzuki (TPL) Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry Nov. 18, / 29
The Strong Interaction and LHC phenomenology
The Strong Interaction and LHC phenomenology Juan Rojo STFC Rutherford Fellow University of Oxford Theoretical Physics Graduate School course Lecture 2: The QCD Lagrangian, Symmetries and Feynman Rules
More informationThe Dirac Equation. Topic 3 Spinors, Fermion Fields, Dirac Fields Lecture 13
The Dirac Equation Dirac s discovery of a relativistic wave equation for the electron was published in 1928 soon after the concept of intrisic spin angular momentum was proposed by Goudsmit and Uhlenbeck
More informationPions are Special Contents Chiral Symmetry and Its Breaking Symmetries and Conservation Laws Goldstone Theorem The Potential Linear Sigma Model Wigner
Lecture 3 Pions as Goldstone Bosons of Chiral Symmetry Breaking Adnan Bashir, IFM, UMSNH, Mexico August 2013 Hermosillo Sonora Pions are Special Contents Chiral Symmetry and Its Breaking Symmetries and
More informationSTANDARD MODEL and BEYOND: SUCCESSES and FAILURES of QFT. (Two lectures)
STANDARD MODEL and BEYOND: SUCCESSES and FAILURES of QFT (Two lectures) Lecture 1: Mass scales in particle physics - naturalness in QFT Lecture 2: Renormalisable or non-renormalisable effective electroweak
More informationSymmetry Groups conservation law quantum numbers Gauge symmetries local bosons mediate the interaction Group Abelian Product of Groups simple
Symmetry Groups Symmetry plays an essential role in particle theory. If a theory is invariant under transformations by a symmetry group one obtains a conservation law and quantum numbers. For example,
More informationQuantum Field Theory 2 nd Edition
Quantum Field Theory 2 nd Edition FRANZ MANDL and GRAHAM SHAW School of Physics & Astromony, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK WILEY A John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., Publication Contents Preface
More informationGeometry and Physics. Amer Iqbal. March 4, 2010
March 4, 2010 Many uses of Mathematics in Physics The language of the physical world is mathematics. Quantitative understanding of the world around us requires the precise language of mathematics. Symmetries
More informationPhysics 4213/5213 Lecture 1
August 28, 2002 1 INTRODUCTION 1 Introduction Physics 4213/5213 Lecture 1 There are four known forces: gravity, electricity and magnetism (E&M), the weak force, and the strong force. Each is responsible
More informationPart III The Standard Model
Part III The Standard Model Theorems Based on lectures by C. E. Thomas Notes taken by Dexter Chua Lent 2017 These notes are not endorsed by the lecturers, and I have modified them (often significantly)
More informationQUANTUM FIELD THEORY. A Modern Introduction MICHIO KAKU. Department of Physics City College of the City University of New York
QUANTUM FIELD THEORY A Modern Introduction MICHIO KAKU Department of Physics City College of the City University of New York New York Oxford OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 1993 Contents Quantum Fields and Renormalization
More informationIntroduction to Particle Physics. HST July 2016 Luis Alvarez Gaume 1
Introduction to Particle Physics HST July 2016 Luis Alvarez Gaume 1 Basics Particle Physics describes the basic constituents of matter and their interactions It has a deep interplay with cosmology Modern
More informationQuantum Field Theory III
Quantum Field Theory III Prof. Erick Weinberg April 5, 011 1 Lecture 6 Let s write down the superfield (without worrying about factors of i or Φ = A(y + θψ(y + θθf (y = A(x + θσ θ A + θθ θ θ A + θψ + θθ(
More informationSupersymmetry breaking and Nambu-Goldstone fermions in lattice models
YKIS2016@YITP (2016/6/15) Supersymmetry breaking and Nambu-Goldstone fermions in lattice models Hosho Katsura (Department of Physics, UTokyo) Collaborators: Yu Nakayama (IPMU Rikkyo) Noriaki Sannomiya
More informationThe Standard Model of Electroweak Physics. Christopher T. Hill Head of Theoretical Physics Fermilab
The Standard Model of Electroweak Physics Christopher T. Hill Head of Theoretical Physics Fermilab Lecture I: Incarnations of Symmetry Noether s Theorem is as important to us now as the Pythagorean Theorem
More informationThe mass of the Higgs boson
The mass of the Higgs boson LHC : Higgs particle observation CMS 2011/12 ATLAS 2011/12 a prediction Higgs boson found standard model Higgs boson T.Plehn, M.Rauch Spontaneous symmetry breaking confirmed
More informationSpeculations on extensions of symmetry and interctions to GUT energies Lecture 16
Speculations on extensions of symmetry and interctions to GUT energies Lecture 16 1 Introduction The use of symmetry, as has previously shown, provides insight to extensions of present physics into physics
More informationQFT. Unit 1: Relativistic Quantum Mechanics
QFT Unit 1: Relativistic Quantum Mechanics What s QFT? Relativity deals with things that are fast Quantum mechanics deals with things that are small QFT deals with things that are both small and fast What
More informationAnomaly. Kenichi KONISHI University of Pisa. College de France, 14 February 2006
Anomaly Kenichi KONISHI University of Pisa College de France, 14 February 2006 Abstract Symmetry and quantization U A (1) anomaly and π 0 decay Origin of anomalies Chiral and nonabelian anomaly Anomally
More informationg abφ b = g ab However, this is not true for a local, or space-time dependant, transformations + g ab
Yang-Mills theory Modern particle theories, such as the Standard model, are quantum Yang- Mills theories. In a quantum field theory, space-time fields with relativistic field equations are quantized and,
More informationSecond Quantization Method for Bosons
Second Quantization Method for Bosons Hartree-Fock-based methods cannot describe the effects of the classical image potential (cf. fig. 1) because HF is a mean-field theory. DFF-LDA is not able either
More informationIntroduction to Elementary Particles
David Criffiths Introduction to Elementary Particles Second, Revised Edition WILEY- VCH WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA Preface to the First Edition IX Preface to the Second Edition XI Formulas and Constants
More informationQuantum Field Theory. and the Standard Model. !H Cambridge UNIVERSITY PRESS MATTHEW D. SCHWARTZ. Harvard University
Quantum Field Theory and the Standard Model MATTHEW D. Harvard University SCHWARTZ!H Cambridge UNIVERSITY PRESS t Contents v Preface page xv Part I Field theory 1 1 Microscopic theory of radiation 3 1.1
More informationCold and dense QCD matter
Cold and dense QCD matter GCOE sympodium Feb. 15, 2010 Yoshimasa Hidaka Quantum ChromoDynamics Atom Electron 10-10 m Quantum ChromoDynamics Atom Nucleon Electron 10-10 m 10-15 m Quantum ElectroDynamics
More informationSupersymmetry and how it helps us understand our world
Supersymmetry and how it helps us understand our world Spitalfields Day Gauge Theory, String Theory and Unification, 8 October 2007 Theoretical Physics Institute, University of Minnesota What is supersymmetry?
More informationSymmetries, Groups Theory and Lie Algebras in Physics
Symmetries, Groups Theory and Lie Algebras in Physics M.M. Sheikh-Jabbari Symmetries have been the cornerstone of modern physics in the last century. Symmetries are used to classify solutions to physical
More informationa = ( a σ )( b σ ) = a b + iσ ( a b) mω 2! x + i 1 2! x i 1 2m!ω p, a = mω 2m!ω p Physics 624, Quantum II -- Final Exam
Physics 624, Quantum II -- Final Exam Please show all your work on the separate sheets provided (and be sure to include your name). You are graded on your work on those pages, with partial credit where
More informationIntroduction to particle physics Lecture 6
Introduction to particle physics Lecture 6 Frank Krauss IPPP Durham U Durham, Epiphany term 2009 Outline 1 Fermi s theory, once more 2 From effective to full theory: Weak gauge bosons 3 Massive gauge bosons:
More informationLecture 6 The Super-Higgs Mechanism
Lecture 6 The Super-Higgs Mechanism Introduction: moduli space. Outline Explicit computation of moduli space for SUSY QCD with F < N and F N. The Higgs mechanism. The super-higgs mechanism. Reading: Terning
More informationElementary particles and typical scales in high energy physics
Elementary particles and typical scales in high energy physics George Jorjadze Free University of Tbilisi Zielona Gora - 23.01.2017 GJ Elementary particles and typical scales in HEP Lecture 1 1/18 Contents
More informationElectric Dipole Moments and the strong CP problem
Electric Dipole Moments and the strong CP problem We finally understand CP viola3on.. QCD theta term Jordy de Vries, Nikhef, Amsterdam Topical Lectures on electric dipole moments, Dec. 14-16 Introductory
More informationAn Introduction to Particle Physics
An Introduction to Particle Physics The Universe started with a Big Bang The Universe started with a Big Bang What is our Universe made of? Particle physics aims to understand Elementary (fundamental)
More informationSolutions to gauge hierarchy problem. SS 10, Uli Haisch
Solutions to gauge hierarchy problem SS 10, Uli Haisch 1 Quantum instability of Higgs mass So far we considered only at RGE of Higgs quartic coupling (dimensionless parameter). Higgs mass has a totally
More informationLecture 03. The Standard Model of Particle Physics. Part II The Higgs Boson Properties of the SM
Lecture 03 The Standard Model of Particle Physics Part II The Higgs Boson Properties of the SM The Standard Model So far we talked about all the particles except the Higgs If we know what the particles
More information6. QED. Particle and Nuclear Physics. Dr. Tina Potter. Dr. Tina Potter 6. QED 1
6. QED Particle and Nuclear Physics Dr. Tina Potter Dr. Tina Potter 6. QED 1 In this section... Gauge invariance Allowed vertices + examples Scattering Experimental tests Running of alpha Dr. Tina Potter
More informationarxiv:hep-ph/ v1 1 Feb 2005
Vector Goldstone Boson and Lorentz Invariance arxiv:hep-ph/050011v1 1 Feb 005 Ling-Fong Li Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 1513 January 5, 018 Abstract Spontanous symmetry
More informationPhysics 662. Particle Physics Phenomenology. February 21, Physics 662, lecture 13 1
Physics 662 Particle Physics Phenomenology February 21, 2002 Physics 662, lecture 13 1 Physics Beyond the Standard Model Supersymmetry Grand Unified Theories: the SU(5) GUT Unification energy and weak
More informationThe Postulates of Quantum Mechanics Common operators in QM: Potential Energy. Often depends on position operator: Kinetic Energy 1-D case: 3-D case
The Postulates of Quantum Mechanics Common operators in QM: Potential Energy Often depends on position operator: Kinetic Energy 1-D case: 3-D case Time Total energy = Hamiltonian To find out about the
More informationSUPERSYMMETRIC HADRONIC MECHANICAL HARMONIC OSCILLATOR
SUPERSYMMETRIC HADRONIC MECHANICAL HARMONIC OSCILLATOR A.K.Aringazin Department of Theoretical Physics Karaganda State University Karaganda 470074, USSR 1990 Abstract Lie-isotopic lifting of the commutation
More informationSuperfluidity and Symmetry Breaking. An Unfinished Symphony
Superfluidity and Symmetry Breaking An Unfinished Symphony The Classics The simplest model for superfluidity involves a complex scalar field that supports a phase (U(1)) symmetry in its fundamental equations,
More informationSUSY QCD. Consider a SUSY SU(N) with F flavors of quarks and squarks
SUSY gauge theories SUSY QCD Consider a SUSY SU(N) with F flavors of quarks and squarks Q i = (φ i, Q i, F i ), i = 1,..., F, where φ is the squark and Q is the quark. Q i = (φ i, Q i, F i ), in the antifundamental
More informationSupersymmetric Quantum Mechanics and Geometry by Nicholas Mee of Trinity College, Cambridge. October 1989
Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics and Geometry by Nicholas Mee of Trinity College Cambridge October 1989 Preface This dissertation is the result of my own individual effort except where reference is explicitly
More informationAn Introduction to the Standard Model of Particle Physics
An Introduction to the Standard Model of Particle Physics W. N. COTTINGHAM and D. A. GREENWOOD Ж CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents Preface. page xiii Notation xv 1 The particle physicist's view of Nature
More informationAn Introduction to. Michael E. Peskin. Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. Daniel V. Schroeder. Weber State University. Advanced Book Program
An Introduction to Quantum Field Theory Michael E. Peskin Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Daniel V. Schroeder Weber State University 4B Advanced Book Program TT Addison-Wesley Publishing Company Reading,
More information(Quasi-) Nambu-Goldstone Fermion in Hot QCD Plasma and Bose-Fermi Cold Atom System
(Quasi-) Nambu-Goldstone Fermion in Hot QCD Plasma and Bose-Fermi Cold Atom System Daisuke Satow (RIKEN/BNL) Collaborators: Jean-Paul Blaizot (Saclay CEA, France) Yoshimasa Hidaka (RIKEN, Japan) Supersymmetry
More informationThe symmetries of QCD (and consequences)
The symmetries of QCD (and consequences) Sinéad M. Ryan Trinity College Dublin Quantum Universe Symposium, Groningen, March 2018 Understand nature in terms of fundamental building blocks The Rumsfeld
More informationPRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS. \Hp. Ni Jun TSINGHUA. Physics. From Quantum Field Theory. to Classical Mechanics. World Scientific. Vol.2. Report and Review in
LONDON BEIJING HONG TSINGHUA Report and Review in Physics Vol2 PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS From Quantum Field Theory to Classical Mechanics Ni Jun Tsinghua University, China NEW JERSEY \Hp SINGAPORE World Scientific
More informationThe Standard Model and Beyond
Paul Langacker The Standard Model and Beyond CRC PRESS Boca Raton Ann Arbor London Tokyo Contents Preface xi 1 Notation and Conventions 1 1.1 Problems............................. 5 2 Review of Perturbative
More informationSUSY Breaking in Gauge Theories
SUSY Breaking in Gauge Theories Joshua Berger With the Witten index constraint on SUSY breaking having been introduced in last week s Journal club, we proceed to explicitly determine the constraints on
More informationFoundations of Physics III Quantum and Particle Physics Lecture 13
Foundations of Physics III Quantum and Particle Physics Lecture 13 Frank Krauss February 27, 2012 1 Construction of the Standard Model 2 The Standard Model: Tests and status 3 Beyond the Standard Model?
More information1 The Quantum Anharmonic Oscillator
1 The Quantum Anharmonic Oscillator Perturbation theory based on Feynman diagrams can be used to calculate observables in Quantum Electrodynamics, like the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron, and
More informationLecture 01. Introduction to Elementary Particle Physics
Introduction to Elementary Particle Physics Particle Astrophysics Particle physics Fundamental constituents of nature Most basic building blocks Describe all particles and interactions Shortest length
More informationRoni Harnik LBL and UC Berkeley
Roni Harnik LBL and UC Berkeley with Daniel Larson and Hitoshi Murayama, hep-ph/0309224 Supersymmetry and Dense QCD? What can we compare b/w QCD and SQCD? Scalars with a chemical potential. Exact Results.
More informationLecture notes for QFT I (662)
Preprint typeset in JHEP style - PAPER VERSION Lecture notes for QFT I (66) Martin Kruczenski Department of Physics, Purdue University, 55 Northwestern Avenue, W. Lafayette, IN 47907-036. E-mail: markru@purdue.edu
More informationThe Phases of QCD. Thomas Schaefer. North Carolina State University
The Phases of QCD Thomas Schaefer North Carolina State University 1 Motivation Different phases of QCD occur in the universe Neutron Stars, Big Bang Exploring the phase diagram is important to understanding
More informationOrigin of the Universe - 2 ASTR 2120 Sarazin. What does it all mean?
Origin of the Universe - 2 ASTR 2120 Sarazin What does it all mean? Fundamental Questions in Cosmology 1. Why did the Big Bang occur? 2. Why is the Universe old? 3. Why is the Universe made of matter?
More informationThe Large Hadron Collider, and New Avenues in Elementary Particle Physics. Gerard t Hooft, Public Lecture, IPMU Tokyo, April 16, 2015
The Large Hadron Collider, and New Avenues in Elementary Particle Physics Gerard t Hooft, Public Lecture, IPMU Tokyo, April 16, 2015 CERN European Center for Nuclear Research LHC Large Hadron Collider
More informationKiwoon Choi (KAIST) 3 rd GCOE Symposium Feb (Tohoku Univ.)
Exploring New Physics beyond the Standard Model of Particle Physics Kiwoon Choi (KAIST) 3 rd GCOE Symposium Feb. 2011 (Tohoku Univ.) We are confronting a critical moment of particle physics with the CERN
More informationThe Electro-Strong Interaction
The Electro-Strong Interaction Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions. Lattice
More informationThe rudiments of Supersymmetry 1/ 53. Supersymmetry I. A. B. Lahanas. University of Athens Nuclear and Particle Physics Section Athens - Greece
The rudiments of Supersymmetry 1/ 53 Supersymmetry I A. B. Lahanas University of Athens Nuclear and Particle Physics Section Athens - Greece The rudiments of Supersymmetry 2/ 53 Outline 1 Introduction
More information3 Quantization of the Dirac equation
3 Quantization of the Dirac equation 3.1 Identical particles As is well known, quantum mechanics implies that no measurement can be performed to distinguish particles in the same quantum state. Elementary
More informationin-medium pair wave functions the Cooper pair wave function the superconducting order parameter anomalous averages of the field operators
(by A. A. Shanenko) in-medium wave functions in-medium pair-wave functions and spatial pair particle correlations momentum condensation and ODLRO (off-diagonal long range order) U(1) symmetry breaking
More informationA first trip to the world of particle physics
A first trip to the world of particle physics Itinerary Massimo Passera Padova - 13/03/2013 1 Massimo Passera Padova - 13/03/2013 2 The 4 fundamental interactions! Electromagnetic! Weak! Strong! Gravitational
More informationSymmetries in Effective Field Theory
Symmetries in Effective Field Theory Sourendu Gupta SERC Main School 2014, BITS Pilani Goa, India Effective Field Theories December, 2014 Outline Outline Symmetries in EFTs Softly broken symmetries in
More informationSection 11: Review. µ1 x < 0
Physics 14a: Quantum Mechanics I Section 11: Review Spring 015, Harvard Below are some sample problems to help study for the final. The practice final handed out is a better estimate for the actual length
More informationGauge Theories of the Standard Model
Gauge Theories of the Standard Model Professors: Domènec Espriu (50%, coordinador) Jorge Casalderrey (25%) Federico Mescia (25%) Time Schedule: Mon, Tue, Wed: 11:50 13:10 According to our current state
More informationVector Superfields. A Vector superfield obeys the constraint:
Lecture 5 A Vector superfield obeys the constraint: Vector Superfields Note: still more degrees of freedom than needed for a vector boson. Some not physical! Remember Vector bosons appears in gauge theories!
More informationThe Gauge Principle Contents Quantum Electrodynamics SU(N) Gauge Theory Global Gauge Transformations Local Gauge Transformations Dynamics of Field Ten
Lecture 4 QCD as a Gauge Theory Adnan Bashir, IFM, UMSNH, Mexico August 2013 Hermosillo Sonora The Gauge Principle Contents Quantum Electrodynamics SU(N) Gauge Theory Global Gauge Transformations Local
More informationLecture 7: N = 2 supersymmetric gauge theory
Lecture 7: N = 2 supersymmetric gauge theory José D. Edelstein University of Santiago de Compostela SUPERSYMMETRY Santiago de Compostela, November 22, 2012 José D. Edelstein (USC) Lecture 7: N = 2 supersymmetric
More informationINTRODUCTION TO THE STANDARD MODEL OF PARTICLE PHYSICS
INTRODUCTION TO THE STANDARD MODEL OF PARTICLE PHYSICS Class Mechanics My office (for now): Dantziger B Room 121 My Phone: x85200 Office hours: Call ahead, or better yet, email... Even better than office
More informationHunting New Physics in the Higgs Sector
HS Hunting New Physics in the Higgs Sector SM Higgs Sector - Test of the Higgs Mechanism Oleg Kaikov KIT, Seminar WS 2015/16 Prof. Dr. M. Margarete Mühlleitner, Dr. Roger Wolf, Dr. Hendrik Mantler Advisor:
More informationIntroduction to Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics and Lattice Regularization
Introduction to Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics and Lattice Regularization Christian Wozar Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz, 07743 Jena, Germany
More informationElectroweak and Higgs Physics
Electroweak and Higgs Physics Lecture 2 : Higgs Mechanism in the Standard and Supersymmetric Models Alexei Raspereza DESY Summer Student Program Hamburg August 2017 Standard Model (Summary) Building blocks
More informationAttempts at relativistic QM
Attempts at relativistic QM based on S-1 A proper description of particle physics should incorporate both quantum mechanics and special relativity. However historically combining quantum mechanics and
More informationThe Higgs Boson and Electroweak Symmetry Breaking
The Higgs Boson and Electroweak Symmetry Breaking 1. Minimal Standard Model M. E. Peskin Chiemsee School September 2014 The Higgs boson has an odd position in the Standard Model of particle physics. On
More informationLecture 03. The Standard Model of Particle Physics. Part III Extensions of the Standard Model
Lecture 03 The Standard Model of Particle Physics Part III Extensions of the Standard Model Where the SM Works Excellent description of 3 of the 4 fundamental forces Explains nuclear structure, quark confinement,
More informationProblems and Multiple Choice Questions
Problems and Multiple Choice Questions 1. A momentum operator in one dimension is 2. A position operator in 3 dimensions is 3. A kinetic energy operator in 1 dimension is 4. If two operator commute, a)
More informationIdentical Particles in Quantum Mechanics
Identical Particles in Quantum Mechanics Chapter 20 P. J. Grandinetti Chem. 4300 Nov 17, 2017 P. J. Grandinetti (Chem. 4300) Identical Particles in Quantum Mechanics Nov 17, 2017 1 / 20 Wolfgang Pauli
More informationIX. Electroweak unification
IX. Electroweak unification The problem of divergence A theory of weak interactions only by means of W ± bosons leads to infinities e + e - γ W - W + e + W + ν e ν µ e - W - µ + µ Divergent integrals Figure
More informationKern- und Teilchenphysik II Lecture 1: QCD
Kern- und Teilchenphysik II Lecture 1: QCD (adapted from the Handout of Prof. Mark Thomson) Prof. Nico Serra Dr. Marcin Chrzaszcz Dr. Annapaola De Cosa (guest lecturer) www.physik.uzh.ch/de/lehre/phy213/fs2017.html
More informationBeyond the Standard Model
Beyond the Standard Model The Standard Model Problems with the Standard Model New Physics Supersymmetry Extended Electroweak Symmetry Grand Unification References: 2008 TASI lectures: arxiv:0901.0241 [hep-ph]
More informationarxiv: v2 [hep-lat] 23 Dec 2008
arxiv:8.964v2 [hep-lat] 23 Dec 28, F. Farchioni, A. Ferling, G. Münster, J. Wuilloud University of Münster, Institute for Theoretical Physics Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 9, D-4849 Münster, Germany E-mail: k_demm@uni-muenster.de
More informationNTNU Trondheim, Institutt for fysikk
FY3464 Quantum Field Theory II Final exam 0..0 NTNU Trondheim, Institutt for fysikk Examination for FY3464 Quantum Field Theory II Contact: Kåre Olaussen, tel. 735 9365/4543770 Allowed tools: mathematical
More informationPhysics at e + e - Linear Colliders. 4. Supersymmetric particles. M. E. Peskin March, 2002
Physics at e + e - Linear Colliders 4. Supersymmetric particles M. E. Peskin March, 2002 In this final lecture, I would like to discuss supersymmetry at the LC. Supersymmetry is not a part of the Standard
More informationA Note On The Chern-Simons And Kodama Wavefunctions
hep-th/0306083 arxiv:gr-qc/0306083v2 19 Jun 2003 A Note On The Chern-Simons And Kodama Wavefunctions Edward Witten Institute For Advanced Study, Princeton NJ 08540 USA Yang-Mills theory in four dimensions
More informationThe rotating Morse potential energy eigenvalues solved by using the analytical transfer matrix method
Chin. Phys. B Vol. 21, No. 1 212 133 The rotating Morse potential energy eigenvalues solved by using the analytical transfer matrix method He Ying 何英, Tao Qiu-Gong 陶求功, and Yang Yan-Fang 杨艳芳 Department
More informationMinimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). Nausheen R. Shah
Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). Nausheen R. Shah June 8, 2003 1 Introduction Even though the Standard Model has had years of experimental success, it has been known for a long time that it
More informationIntroduction to particle physics Lecture 13: The Standard Model
Introduction to particle physics Lecture 13: The Standard Model Frank Krauss IPPP Durham U Durham, Epiphany term 2010 1 / 23 Outline 1 The Standard Model: Construction 2 The Standard Model: Tests and status
More informationTopological insulator part II: Berry Phase and Topological index
Phys60.nb 11 3 Topological insulator part II: Berry Phase and Topological index 3.1. Last chapter Topological insulator: an insulator in the bulk and a metal near the boundary (surface or edge) Quantum
More informationQuantum Field Theory. Kerson Huang. Second, Revised, and Enlarged Edition WILEY- VCH. From Operators to Path Integrals
Kerson Huang Quantum Field Theory From Operators to Path Integrals Second, Revised, and Enlarged Edition WILEY- VCH WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA I vh Contents Preface XIII 1 Introducing Quantum Fields
More informationThermalization of axion dark matter
Thermalization of axion dark matter Ken ichi Saikawa ICRR, The University of Tokyo Collaborate with M. Yamaguchi (Tokyo Institute of Technology) Reference: KS and M. Yamaguchi, arxiv:1210.7080 [hep-ph]
More informationThe God particle at last? Science Week, Nov 15 th, 2012
The God particle at last? Science Week, Nov 15 th, 2012 Cormac O Raifeartaigh Waterford Institute of Technology CERN July 4 th 2012 (ATLAS and CMS ) A new particle of mass 125 GeV Why is the Higgs particle
More informationPHYSICS BEYOND SM AND LHC. (Corfu 2010)
PHYSICS BEYOND SM AND LHC (Corfu 2010) We all expect physics beyond SM Fantastic success of SM (LEP!) But it has its limits reflected by the following questions: What is the origin of electroweak symmetry
More information( ) 2 = #$ 2 % 2 + #$% 3 + # 4 % 4
PC 477 The Early Universe Lectures 9 & 0 One is forced to make a choice of vacuum, and the resulting phenomena is known as spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB.. Discrete Goldstone Model L =! µ"! µ " # V
More informationWeek 3 - Part 2 Recombination and Dark Matter. Joel Primack
Astro/Phys 224 Spring 2012 Origin and Evolution of the Universe Week 3 - Part 2 Recombination and Dark Matter Joel Primack University of California, Santa Cruz http://pdg.lbl.gov/ In addition to the textbooks
More informationSupersymmetry Highlights. Kevin Hambleton
Supersymmetry Highlights Kevin Hambleton Outline SHO Example Why SUSY? SUSY Fields Superspace Lagrangians SUSY QED MSSM i Warm Up A Hint Of SUSY... Remember Quantum Simple Harmonic Oscillator... Canonical
More informationLecture III: Higgs Mechanism
ecture III: Higgs Mechanism Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking The Higgs Mechanism Mass Generation for eptons Quark Masses & Mixing III.1 Symmetry Breaking One example is the infinite ferromagnet the nearest
More informationLectures on Supersymmetry I
I Carlos E.M. Wagner HEP Division, Argonne National Laboratory Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago Ecole de Physique de Les Houches, France, August 5, 005. PASI 006, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico,
More informationThe Phases of QCD. Thomas Schaefer. North Carolina State University
The Phases of QCD Thomas Schaefer North Carolina State University 1 Plan of the lectures 1. QCD and States of Matter 2. The High Temperature Phase: Theory 3. Exploring QCD at High Temperature: Experiment
More informationThe Strong Interaction and LHC phenomenology
The Strong Interaction and LHC phenomenology Juan Rojo STFC Rutherford Fellow University of Oxford Theoretical Physics Graduate School course Introduction and motivation: QCD and modern high-energy physics
More informationElectroweak Theory & Neutrino Scattering
Electroweak Theory & 01.12.2005 Electroweak Theory & Contents Glashow-Weinberg-Salam-Model Electroweak Theory & Contents Glashow-Weinberg-Salam-Model Electroweak Theory & Contents Glashow-Weinberg-Salam-Model
More information