1. List the six simple machines and give three examples (8:3)

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1 Unit 3 Study Guide Name 2017 Key Section 1. ist the six simple machines and give three examples (8:3) Machine xample 1 xample 2 xample 3 1. Pulley lag Pole Curtains Crane 2. Wheel and Axle Steering Wheel Gears Car Wheel 3. Screw Corkscrew Car Jack Jar id 4. ever Door Stapler Wheelbarrow 5. Inclined Plane Ramp Hill Ski Slope 6. Wedge Knife Ax Chisel 2. Two main simple machines: ever and Inclined Plane (8:3) 3. Why is it incorrect to say that a machine allows you to do less work? (8:2) Machines do not allow you to do less work. Machines allow you to spread force out over a longer distance or change the direction of the force. The same amount of work is still completed it is a trade off. 4. Who was Rube Goldberg? (Simple Machines Magazines) Rube Goldberg is a Pulitzer Prize winning cartoonist, sculptor, and author. He was known for designing complicated machines that completed an easy task. 5. Using the words ORC, DISTANC, and WORK explain the trade off of using ramp B rather than ramp A. (8:2) Pushing the block up ramp B will spread the force required out over a longer distance. You are trading less force for more distance but the amount of work remains the same. Unit 3 Study Guide 1

2 6. Draw a sketch of each lever. abel: ORT, OAD and UCRUM. (8:3) ffort oad ffort ffort oad oad ulcrum ulcrum ulcrum 1 st Class 2 nd Class 3 rd Class 7. abel: ffort, ulcrum and oad. Classify each lever. (8:3) Class: Class: Class: Class: Class: Class: Is it work? (8:1) xample Direction of orce Direction of Motion Doing Work? ifting a box Yes Pushing in Chair Yes Unit 3 Study Guide 2

3 9. What two things must happen for work to occur? 1. A force must be applied 2. Object moves in direction of force 10. What is a Machine? (8:2) A device that helps you do work by either overcoming a force or changing the direction of the applied force. When you use more force to lift a load what happens to the distance? The distance will decrease. 11. What is Mechanical fficiency? (8:2) A percentage that measures the ratio of work output to work input. It is measure based on the amount of work that has to be done to overcome friction. Why is it impossible for a machine to be 100% efficiency? riction affects all machines so they cannot be 100% efficient. Machines will require some force to overcome the friction so 100% of the force applied does not go to moving the load; some must be used to overcome the friction. Which is more efficient an inclined plane or a lever? The lever is more efficient. Why? It is more efficient because the inclined plane has more contact points causing more friction, which will require more force to move the load. The lever has only a small area of contact points (where the fulcrum and the bar touch) so there is little friction. Overall there is less friction to overcome with the lever so it will require less force to move the load than there is with the inclined plane. 12. What is Mechanical Advantage? (8:2) The number that tells you how many times a machine multiplies the force. (Mechanical Advantage = output force/input force) Some machines have a mechanical advantage that is less than one. This means more force would be required to lift the load, so what would the advantage of using the machine be? It would allow you to change the direction of the force being applied. or example: It may allow you to push down rather than pull up on a load. Unit 3 Study Guide 3

4 13. What is power? (8:1) Power is the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred. (Power = Work / Time) If you put in more power what happens to the time a task takes? If you put in more power the time a task takes will decrease. If you put in more power what happens to the amount of work required to complete a task? The amount of work always stays the same, it does not matter how much power is put into a task. 14. Complete the following calculations for work. (W = X D) How much work is needed to move a box If you move a weight up 2 m and it has 5 m if you are pushing with a force of a mass of 45 N how much work did you 65 N? do? W = X D W = 65 N X 5 m W = 325 J W = X D W = 45 N X 2 m W = 90 J 15. Complete the following calculations for power. (P = W/t) Jane and Mark each lift the same Mary climbs a ladder doing 215 J of height doing 110 J of work. Mark lifts work in 20 seconds and ric climbs the the box in 3.5 seconds and Jane lifts it same ladder in 18 seconds. How much in 5.2 seconds. How much power did power did each use? each use? Jane: 110 J / 5.2 s = W Mark: 110 J / 3.5 s = W Who used more power? Mark When power went up, what happened to the time? When the power went up the time went down. Mary: 215 J / 20 s = W ric: 215 J / 18 s = W Who did more work? Neither, they both did the same amount When power went up, what happened to the amount of work? Nothing, work stays the same. Power does not affect the amount of work. Unit 3 Study Guide 4

5 16. abel all of the simple machines found in these compound machines. (machines may be used more than once) (8:3) Pulley ever ever Screw ever Wheel & Axle Screw Inclined Plane Wedge Wheel & Axle Wedge 17. ind the Mechanical Advantage and ffort for each machine. Show your steps for the calculations. (Mechanical Advantage) MA = A/A MA = 25 m / 77 m MA = lbs = W/MA = 146 lbs / 0.32 = lbs. 77 m 25 m MA = 5 (Remember, when pulling up on a pulley system you must add 1) 2 3 = W/MA = 63 lbs. / 5 = 12.6 lbs Unit 3 Study Guide 5

6 MA = /H MA = 28 m / 23 m MA = 1.22 = W/MA = 39 lbs. / 1.22 = lbs. 23 m 28 m 39 lbs. MA = /H MA = 35 m / 20 m MA = m 10 m MA = Rw/Ra MA = 38.5 m / 15.5 m MA = m 77 m MA = 14 (count the threads) Unit 3 Study Guide 6

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