BNmcy Fw.- B. cmtpjv. {_ -N-cy-kq w 1

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2 BNmcy Fw.- B. cmtpjv 1 Bbn-c- W- n-\m-fp-isf thz-ßfpw sshzni BN-c-W-ßfpw ]Tn- n BNmcy Fw.-B. cmtpjv Imiy] thz dnk v ^ut -j ÿm]-i-\m-wv. I Æm-S-Ibnse Hmw im n[mw Kpcp-Ipew BZy-ambn Hcp tic-fo-b\v "thzm-nm-cy' ] w \ Ip-hm th n sxc-s -Sp-ØXv BNmcy Fw.-B. cmtp-jn-s\- - bm-wv. si. ao-c-bm-wv `mcy. a- -ƒ th-z e- van, hn-zym-e- v-an

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4 3 BNmcy Fw.-B. cmtpjv si hn B F^v ]ªnt j timgnt msv

5 4 Rights Reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without prior written permission of the author BRAHMACHARYASOOKTHAM Vedic Literature By Acharya M.R. Rajesh Rs Printed at: Geethanjali Offset Prints, Calicut Published by: K.V.R.F Publication Kozhikode Ph:

6 5 "" My strength is as the strength of ten, Because my heart in pure. I never felt the kiss of Love Nor maiden's hand in mine. '' Tennyson

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8 7 BapJw {_- -Ncyw A-\n-hm-cyam-b H-cp Pohn-X kw-kv- mc-am-bm-wv sshzn-i E-jn-am F-Æp- Xv. B kw-kv- m-cw tih-ew am-\-kn-itam im-co-cn-itam A. a-dn- v D-Ø-aam-b X-]-km-Wv {_- -N-cyw. a-\ p-simt m i-co-cw simt m I-f- n-x-am-im- Ø hy- n-bn A-t\-Iw Zn-hy-Kp-W-߃ k-tωfn- p- p-sh- v A-Y - -th-z-øn-se {_- -N-cy-kq- w \-tωm-sp ]-d- p-x-cp p. A-]q - am-b {_- -N-cy-kq- -Øn-s E-Pphm-b `m-jy-am-wn-hn-ss \ -Ip- Xv. A-Y -h-th-z-øn-se 11 mw A- ym-b- Øn A mw kq- -am-wv {_- -N-cy-kq w. Cu kq- -Øn 25 a-{ -ß-fp v. '{_- ' BWv Cu a-{ -ß-fm-Wv Ejn. {_- -Nm-cn tz-h-x-bpw.

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10 9 {_ -Nm-co-jv-Ww- c-xn tcm-z-ko D-t` X-kv-an-\v tz-hmx kwa-\tkm `-h n. k Zm[m-c ]r-ynhow Zn-hw N k B-Nm-cyw X]-km ]n-]-cv-xn... (AY h-thzw ) {_- -Nm-cn = th-zm-fl-iam-b {_- -Øn hn-nmc-ww snøp- hn-zym - n Dt` = c- v tcmz-ko = Zym-hm ]r-yn-hnbv- v AY-hm a-kv-xn-jv- -tøbpw i-co-c-øn-t\bpw C-jv- W = D- -X-am-Ip p. tx-p- n-\m hym-]n v, ho-cy-c- - W-Øm i-co-chpw a-kv-xn-jv- hpw Zo-]v-X-hpam-b Nc-Xn = K-Xn-sb ssi-h-cn- p p. B {_- -Nm-cn-bn tz-hmx = F m C-{µn-b-ß-fpw (hm-wn Xp-S-ßn-b-h-bp-sS cq-]-øn i-co-c-øn h-kn- p- A- n Xp-Sßn-b tz-h-xiƒ) k-a- \-kx = k-am-\-a-\- p- AY-hm A-\p-{K-l-_p- n-bp- h `h- n = B-bn-Øo-cs. AY-hm F m tzhmx = m- \n-ifm-b B-Nm-cy-h -K-Øn-s _p- n-bp- am-b A-\p-{Klw D- m-hpw. kx = B {_- -Nm-cn ]r-yn-ho-av = i-co-c-cq- ]nbm-b ]r-yn-hn-bv- p N Znh-av = k-xyw, im -X, kz-`mhw a-\ v, C-{µn-tbm w-l\w, im-kv-{x-{ih-ww F- n-h-

11 10 bm B-Nm-cy-av = X-s B-Nm-cy-s\ ]n-] -Øn = ]-cn-]men- p p. B-Nm-cy-s\ ]q -W-\m- p-ibpw sn-øp p. B- Nm-cy m-\w \ -Ip p. Cu {_- -Nm-cn X-]-kn-\m B m\-sø {K-ln- v B-Nm-cy-s A-`o- -I -Ω-߃ ]q -Øo-I-cn- p- p. `m-hm w: {_- -Nm-cn ho-cy-c- -W-Øn-eq-sS i-co-ctøbpw a-kv-xn-jv- -tøbpw D- -X-am-Ip p. X-s F m C-{µn-b-ß-tfbpw a-\- n-t\bpw {]-im- -ambv p p. i-cocw, a-kv-xn-jv- w F- nh-sb [m-c-w ]q - -am-ip- X-]- kybpw B-Nm-cy {]-Z-Øam-b m-\w {K-ln- p-ibpw snbv-xv B-Nm-cy-s\ ip-{iq-jn- pi. {_- -Nm-cn-Ww ]n-xtcm tz-h-p\mx ]ry-kv tzhm A-\p-kwb- n k-cvth. K- -cv-hm G-\-a-\zmb{ b-kv-{xnwi-xv {Xn-iXmx j-sv k-l-{kmx. k-cv-hm v-k tz-hmw-kv-x]-km ]n-]-cv-xn... (2) {_- -Nm-cnW-av = {_- -Ncyw B-N-cn- v sim- v ]nx-cx = c- -Wm-fl-Iam-b I -a-ß-fn hym-]r-xn-hm-\m-ip- - {Xnb, tz-h-p\mx = ip- am-b hy-h-lm-cw sn-øp sshiy, ]ry-av tzhmx = a- v I -a-ß-fn hym-]-cn- p- -hcpw k -t = C-h-sc mw A-\p-kwb- n = A-\pIq-e K-Xn ssih-cn- p p. K- -cv-hmx = m-\w \n-d- hm- p-iƒ `qj-wam-b {_m- -W G\-av A-\p Bb-\v = C-Xn-\v A- \p-iq-eam-b K-Xn t\-sp p. {_- -Nm-cn Nm-Xp -h -Wy-Øn- \v A-\p-Iq-e-amb-Xv t\-sp p. i-co-c-øn G-sXm-cp {X-bx = aq- v tz-h- m A-Xmb-Xv hm-wo-cq-]am-b A n, {]m-wcq-]am-b hm-bp N- p-cq-]-øn-ep- kq-cy Cu k - m tz-hm-\v = F m tz-h- m-scbpw kx = B {_- -Nm-cn X-]- km-]n-] -Øn = X-]- n-\m X- n kp-c- n-x-am- n \ne-\n -Øp p. Cu A n, hmbp, B-Zn-Xy Xp-S-ßn-b-h

12 11 X-ß-fp-sS a-ln-a-bm {Xnwi-Xv = ap- Xv, {Xn-iXmx = ap- q-dv j-sv k-l-{kmx = B-dm-bn-cw F- nß-s\ B-bn-Øocp p. Cu k - tz-h-i- n-i-tfbpw {_- -Nm-cn X- n [-cn- p- p. B-Nmcy D-]-\-bamt\m {_- -Nm-cn-Ww Ir-WptX K-cv-`-a x. Xw cm-{xo-kv-{xn-{k D-Z-tc _n-` -Xn Xw PmXw {Z- p a-`n- -kwb- n tz-hm... (3) B-Nm-cyx = B-Nm-cy {_- -Nm-cnW-av = {_- -Nm-cn-sb D-]-\-b-am-\x = X-s k-ao-]-sa-øn- n- v A- x = hn-zym-ico-c-øn-s a-[y-øn K-cv-`x Ir-Wp-tX = K-cv-`-cq-]-Øn ÿm-]n- p p. {Xn{kx cm-{xnx = aq- v cm-{xn-i-fn-em-bn {]-IrXn, Poh, ]-c-am-flm-hv F- o hn-j-b-ß-fn-se A m-\ A- -Imc-sØ C m-xm- n DZ-tc ]n-`-cv-xn = X-s D- n [-cn- p p. {]m-y-an-ihpw a-[y-an-ihpw D- - X-hpam-b F m hn-zy-ifpw B-Nm-cy-\n- \n- v t\-sn-sb-sp- p- -Xn-\v B-Nm-cy-Ip-e-Øn Xm-a-kn- p p. aq- p cm- {Xn-bp-sS H-Sp-hn Pm-Xw X-av = hn-zym-a-bam-b i-co-c-øn \n- v P-\n- p- {_- -Nm-cn AY-hm kv-\m-xi-s\ {Z- -av = t\m- p- -Xn- m-bn tzhmx A-`n-kwb- n = tz-h- m B-`n-ap-Jy-tØm-sS I-S- p-h-cpw. tz-h- m B {_- -Nm-cnsb Im-Wp- -Xn-\v A-hn-sS D-]-ÿn-X-cm-Ip-sa- - w. (k ln hn-zym-x-kv-xw P-\-bXn. X-t -jvtw P\p. i-co-cta-h am- Xm-]nX-cu P-\b-Xx B-]-kv-Xw-_-kq-{Xw ) C-bw k-an-xv hr-yn-ho Zyu-cv-ZznXo-tbmXm- -cn w k-an-[m ]r-wmxn. {_- -Nm-co k-an-[m ta-j-ebm {itaw tem-imw-kv-x]-km ]n-]-cv-xn... (4)

13 12 P-bw ]r-yn-ho = Cu ]r-yn-hn k-nn-xv = B {_- -Nm-cn-bpsS H- ma-sø k-an[bm-ip- p. Zyp Zzn-Xo-bm = Zyp-tem- Iw c- ma-sø k-an-[-bm-bn-øo-cp p. DX = Iq-Sm-sX A- -co- -av = A- -co- w aq- ma-sø k-an-[m ]r-wm-xn = k-an-[-bm-bnx-s ]q -W-am- p p. `q-an-bn-se ]-Zm - ß-fp-sS m-\-am-wv H- ma-sø k-an-[. C-Xn-\m i-coc-cq-]am-b ]r-yn-ho tem-iw kp-µ-c-am-bn-øo-cp p. A- -co- -Øn-se ]-Zm - -ß-fp-sS m-\-am-wv c- ma-sø k- an-[ B A-dn-hn-\m X-s lr-z-bm- -co- w ]-hn-{xhpw im- -hp-am-bn-øo-cp p. Zyp-tem-I-Øn-se ]-Zm - -ß-fp-sS m-\w aq mw k-an-[-bm-ip p. A-Xn-\m X-s a-kvxnjv -cq-]-ap- Zyp-temI-sØ A-Xyp- z-e-am- p p. Cu {_- -Nm-cn = m-\-øn h-kn- p- hn-zym - n k-an- [m = m-\-zo-]v-xn-bm ta-je-bm = A-c-s - n si nb ta-j-e-bn AY-hm Im-cy-߃ Zr-V-\n- -b-tøm-ss sn-bvxp-sim- v {itaw = {i-a-øm X]-km = X-]-kybn, tem-im ]n-] -Øn = i-co-c-ÿam-b ]r-ynho, A- -co w, Zyp-temIw, i-cocw, a-\ v, a-kv-xn-jn- w F nh ]q -W-am- p p. A-h-bp-sS t]m-cm-bv-ai-sf C m-xm- p p. E-Xw X]x, kxyw X]x, {ip-xw X]x, Z-a-kv-X]x Zm-\w Xt]m b- -kvx-]x `q -`p-h-kp-hx {_-ss -X-Zp-]m sskz-xø-]x F- v ssx-øocn-b B-c-Wy-I-Øn (10.8) Im-Wmw. ]qcvthm PmtXm {_- twm {_- -Nm-co [-cv-ah-km-\-kvx-]-tkm-z-xn-jvtxv. X-kv-am- m-xw {_m- Ww {_- tpy-jvtw tz-hm- k-cv-th A-artX-\ km-i-av... (5) Cu k -h P-K-Øn-s bpw Im-c-Whpw, k-xy- m-\m-zn e-

14 13 -W-bp- -hpam-b {_- -am-ip p. B {_ -Wx = {_- -Øm -Ø-s -bm-wv {_- -Nm-cn = m-\w t\-sp- -h ]q-cv-hx Pm-Xx = F m- nepw H- m-a-\m-ip- Xv. F m- nepw BZyw {_- w X-s -bmwv 'A n, hmbp, B-Zn-Xy, A- Mv-Kn-ckvx F- o k-cv-hm-[n-i ta-[m-hn-ifm-b \m-ev E-jnam - v th-z- m-\w \ -In-bXv. C-h {_- -Øn-s X- s {_- -Nm-cn-I-fmWv. Cu {_- -Nm-cn [-cv-aw h-km-\x = kw-b-a-øn \n- v P-\n- p- i- n-bp-ss Zo-]v-X-cq]-sØ [-cn- v D-b-c-ß-fn-te- v I-S- p p. X-kv-am-Xv = B {_- - Ncybm {_m- W-av = m-\n-i-fp-ss k-º-øn-cq-]hpw tpy-jvt-av = {]-i-kv-xhpw hr- -X-ahpw {_ = th-zm-fl- I-hpam-b m-\w PmX-av = D- mbn. A-XmbXv Cu {_- -Nm-cn X-s t{i-jvt-x-aam-b m-\-cq-]-øn-ep- k-º- Øn- p {]m-]n-bm-\p N = Iq-SmsX Cu {_- -Nm-cn-bn k -th tzhmx = F m Zn-hy-Kp-W-ßfpw A-ZrtX-\ kmbw = A-ar-X-Øz-tØm-sSm- w {]m-zp -`q-xamip p {_- - Nm-cn-bp-sS a-kv-xn-jv- w m-\-ømepw lrzbw Zn-hy Kp- W-ß-fmepw i-co-cw tcm-k-c-ln-x-am-bpw ]-cn-]q -W-am-bn-Øocp- p. {_- -Nm-tcy-Xn k-an-[m kan Im-cv-jv-Ww hkm-t\m Zo ntxm Zo-cv-L-iv-a-{ipx k k-zy G-Xn ]q-cv-h-kv-am-zp-øcw k-ap{zw tem-im- v-kw-kr-`y ap-l-cm-n-cn-{i-xv... (6) B-Nm-cy-Ip-e-Øn ]Tn v ho- n Xn-cn-s -Øp- {_- - Nm-cn = m-\-øn Po-hn- p- bp-hm-hv G-Xn = ho- nte- v Xn-cn-s -Øp p. Cu k-an-[m k-an- x = m-\-zo- ]v-xn-bm Zo-]v-X-am-Ip p. Im-cv-jv-Ww h-km-\x = Ir-jv-WarK-N Ω-sØ [-cn- p p. Zo- n-xx = {_- -Nm-cn {hx-

15 14 sø ]m-en- p p. Zo -L-iv-a-{ipx = \o- Xm-Sn-bp-f-h-cm- Ip p. B-Nm-cy-Ip-e-Øn [m-cm-fw h-kv-{x-߃- v km- [y-x-bn. ap-sn ap-dn- m-\p- ku-i-cy-hp-an. kx B {_- -Nm-cn kzyx = hf-sc s]-s - p X-s ]q-cv-h-kv-am-xv = {_- -N-cym-{i-a-cq-]-Øn-ep- ]q - m-{i-a-cq-]-øn-ep- ]qcz-k-ap-{z-øn \n- v DØ-cw k-ap-{z-av = Kr-l-ÿ cq-]- Øn-ep- D-Ø-c-k-ap-{Z-sØ G-Xn = {]m-]n- p p. {_- - N-cym-{i-a-sØ-Øp-S - v Kr-l-ÿm-{i-a-Øn {]-th-in- p p. tem-im kw-kr-`yx = ]r-ynho, A- -co w, Zyptem-Iw Xp-Sßn-b aq- v tem-i-ß-sf- p-dn- p- km-am-\y m-\w t\-sp p. Aß-s\ i-coc-sø Zr-V-am- p- p lr- Z-bm- -co -sø ]-hn-{x-am- p p. a-kv-xn-jv- -temi-sø Zo-]v-X-am- p p. ap-lpx B-N-cn-{I-Xv = A-Xn-\p- bp -amwh- Æw I -Ø-hy-I -a-ß-fn ap-gp-ip- p. {_- -Nm-co P-\-b-\v-{_ mt]m tem-iw {]-Pm-]-Xnw ]-c-ta-jvtn-\w hn-cm-pav. Kcvt`m `q-xzm-ar-xky tbm-\m-hn-t{µm l `q-xzm-kp-cmw-kv-x-x-cv-l... (7) A-arX-ky tbm-\u K-cv-`x `qxzm {_- -Nm-cn = m-\mar-x-øn-s ti-{µam-b B-Nm-cy-Ip-e-Øn B-Nm-cy-K-cv-`- Øn Po-hn-bv- p- {_- -Nm-cn {_ = m\-sø A- ]x = b- w Xp-Sßn-b t{ijvt I -a-ß-fm temi-av = Z- cv-i-\ i n, h-kv-xp -sf hm-kv-x-h-kz-cq-]-øn Im-Wp- -Xn-\p- i- n-sb P-\b-\v = X- n D- m- p p. Iq- Sm-sX B ]-c-ta-jvtn-\w hn-cm-pw {]-Pm-]-Xn-av = ]-c-a-ÿm- \-Øn C-cn- p-, hn-in- am-b {]-Im-i-tØm-Sp-IqSnb {]- P-I-sf c- n- p- Cu-izc-s\ P-\b-\v = X-s lr-z-b- Øn {]m-zp -`q-x-am-ip- p. Cu {_ -Nmcn C-{µx = Pn-tX-

16 15 {µn-b-\m-ip- p Iq-Sm-sX hm = Xo - -bm-bpw (C-{µx) `qxzm = Pn-tX-{µn-b-\m-bn X-Xcvl = B-kp-c-`m-hß-sf lnw-kn- p- p. B-Nm-cy-fkv-X-X- \`-ko D-t` C-ta D-cv-how Kw-`o-tc ]r-ynhow Zn-hw N. tx c -Xn X-]km {_- -Nm-co X-kv-an-\v tz-hmx ka-\tkm `-h- n... (8) B-Nmcyx = B-Nm-cy ({_- -Nm-cn-bv- v m\-sø \ In-sIm- n-cn- p- h ) D-t` C-ta = Cu c pw \`kn = ]-c-kv-]-c kw-_- -am-bn D-cv-ho Kw-`ocw = hn-imehpw Kw-`o-c-hpam-b ]r-ynhow Zn-hw N = ]r-ynhn, Zyptem-Iw F- nh-sb XX = D- m- p p. B-Nm-cy {_- -Nm-cn-sb X-s K-cv-`-Øn kp-c- n-x-\m- n sh-bv- p p. Iq-Sm-sX hm-k-\-i-fm B-{I-an- -s -Sm-sX hn-kv- Xr-Xam-b i- n-bp- i-co-c-cq-]am-b ]r-ynho-tem-ihpw Kw`o-c m-\-tøm-ss-bp- a-kv-xn-jv- -cq-]-øn-ep- Zyptem-Ihpw D- -h-\m- nøo p p. {_- -Nm-cn-bn B i- nbpw m-\hpw ]-c-kv]-cw tn-cp- -Xn-\p- bxv\- am-wv \-S- p- Xv. {_- -Nm-cn = m ]r-yn-hobpw a- kv-xn-jv- -cq-]-øn-ep- Zyp-tem-I-Øn\pw X]-kp = X-]- n-\m c -Xn = X- n kp-c- n-x-am- p p. X-kv-an = B {_- -Nm-cn-bm tz-hmx = Zn-hy hr-øn-iƒ kw-a\- kx = kw-k-x-a-\- n-ep- -h-cmbn `h- n = Øo-cp p. Cu {_- -Nm-cn Zn-hy hr-øn-i-fp- Po-h-\m-bn-Øo-cp p. AYhm am-xm ]nxm, B-Nm-cy A-Xn-Ynbpw Xp-Sßn-b tz-h- m - v {]n-b-\m-bn-øo-cp- p. Camw `qanw ]r-ynhnw {_- -Nm-co `n- mam P`m-c {]-Ytam Zn-hw-N. tx IrXzm k-an-[m-hp-]m-kvtx X-tbm- cv-]n-xm

17 16 `p-h-\m-\n-hn-izm... (9) {_- -Nmcn =- m-\-øn \n-h-kn- p- Cu {_- -Nmcn C-am-av = Cu ]r-yn-ho-av = i- ni-sf _-e-s -Sp-Øp- - Xn-\v `q-an-av = {]m-wn-i-fp-ss \n- -X-ÿm-\-`q-Xam-b AYhm i-co-c-cq-]am-b ]r-ynho-temi-sø `n- m-av B-P`mc = `n- m-cq-]-øn t\-sp p. {]Y-ax = i- ni-sf _-es -Sp-Øp- Cu {_- -Nm-cn Zn-hw N = m\-tpym-xnbm Zo-]v-X-am-Ip- a-kv-xn-jv- -cq-]-øn-ep- Zyp-tem-ItØbpw B-Nm-cy-\m `n- m-cq-]-øn- t\sp p. tx = B c- n-t\bpw i-co-chpw a-kv-xn-jv- -Ihpw k-an-[u IrXzm = txp- pw m-\hpw sim- p Zo-]v-X-am n. D-]m-kv-tX = Cu-izc-s\ D-]m-kn- p p. X-tbmx = B c- nepw ]r- Yn-ho-bnepw Zyp-tem-I-Ønepw hnizm _p-h-\m A-cv-]n- Xm = F m `p-h-\-ß-fpw A -]n-x-am-ip p. A-Xmb-Xv i- co-chpw a-kn-xv-jn- hpw t\-sc-bm-ip- -txm-ss Aw-K-{]-Xyw- K-ß-sf mw kz-bw t\-sc-b-bn-s m- pw. a-\ pw kz-ÿam-ipsa- v A - w. Acv-hm-K\yx ]tcm At\ym Znh-kv]r-jvSm- ZvKplm\n[o \nlnxu {_m -W-ky. Xu c Xn X]km {_ -Nmco XXv tihew IrWptX {_ hnzzm-\v... (10) m-\w {]-[m-\-am-bn I- p Po-hn- p- hy- n {_-m W- \m-ip- p. A-]-cm-hn-Zybpw ]-cm-hn-zybpw {_m- W-s \n- [n-bmwv. A-]-cm-hn-Zy Zyp-tem-I-tØ- p-dn pw A-Xn -Iogn-ep- A- -co- -tem-i-tø- p-dn pw ]r-ynho-tem-i-tø- p-dn- n- p-ap- m\-sø \ -Ip p. ]-cm-hn-zy-bmi-s {_- -tem-i-tø- p-dn- p- m-\w ]-I - p X-cp p.

18 17 A\yx = H-cp A]-cm hn-zym-cq-]am-b \n-[n A-cv-hm-Iv = {_- -Øn Io-gn-ep- ]-Zm - -ß-tf- p-dn- p- m-\w \ -Ip p. A-\yx = c- m-a-xm-bn ]-cm-hn-zy-cq-]am-b \n-[n {_- - m-\-tøbpw \ -Ip p. Cu c- v \n-[n = m- \-tim-i-ßfpw {_m- W-ky Kp-lm \n ln-xu = m-\nbp-ss lr-z-b-kp-l-bn ÿm-]n- -s -Sp p. Xu = Cu c- v \n-[n-i-tfbpw {_- -Nm-cn = m-\-øn Po-hn- p- {_- -Nm-cn X]-km c -Xn = X-]-kn-\m c- n- p p. Cu m-\n X-Xv tih-e {_ = B B-\-µ-Øn hn-ekp- B-\-µ-cq-]am-b Cu-izc-s\ hn-zzm = A-dn psim- p Ir-Wp-tX = k-akv-x hm-k-\-i-tfbpw kw-l-cn- p- p. A-cv-hm-K\yx CtXm A\yx ]r-ynhym A o ktatxm \`-kn A- -tcta. X-tbmx {i-bt c-iv-a-tbm-[n Zr-Vm-kv-Xm-\m Xn-jvT-Xn X]-km {_- -Nm-co... (11) A\yx A-cv-hm-Iv = H-cp tx-p- n-s A n ([-cvaw) C-h-nsS Xm-sg ]r-ynho-tem-i-øn-ep v. i-co-c-cq-]am-b ]r-ynhotem-iw tx-p-kznbm-b A- n-bm k-º- -amwv. C-Xx ]r- Ynhym A\yx = C-h-n-sS ]r-ynho-tem-i-øn-\v Zq-sc Zyptem-I-Øn a-s m-cp m-\m- n-bp- v. C-ta = Cu A- o = tx-p-kn-t bpw m-\-øn-t bpw c- v A- n-i-fm- Wv. \-`-kn = ]-c-kv]-cw Ch _- -s p-sim- v A -cm = Cu i-co-c-øn-s a-[y-øn k-ta-xx = tn - n-cn- p p. k-ay- m-bn h- p tn - n-cn- p-s - p kmcw. Xtbm x A-[n = B ]r-ynho, Zyp-tem-Iw F- n-h-bn ZrVmx = ]- c-kv]-cw tn - v A-Xn-{]-_-eam-b c-iva-bx = tx-p-i- ntbbpw m-\-in-c-w-ß-tfbpw B-{i-bn- n-cn- p p. Xm-

19 18 \v = B c-iv-ani-sf X]-km = X-]- n-\m {_- -Nm-cn B- Xn-jvT-Xn = th- -t]m-se {_- -Nm-cn c- n- p- p. A-`n-{Iµ-\v kv-x-\-b- -cp-wx in-xnmv-tkm _r-lt -t]m-\p `q-au P-`m-c. {_- -X-Nm-co kn- Xn km-\u tc-xx ]r-yn-hymw tx-\ Poh- n {]-Zn-c- -X-kv-{Xx... (12) A-`n-{I- = `q-an-bp-ss A-f-hns\, X-]-kzn-\m B-lm- \w sn-øp- kv-x-\b-\v = ssh-zyp-xn K - n- p-, A- cpwx = Np-h- Xpw in-xnw-kx = tiz-xhpw I-dp-Ø-h -Whpw D- (a-g s]-øp- -Xn-\v ap -]v I-dp-Ø-Xpw ti-jw sh-fp- Ø-Xpam-b ta-l-߃) ta-l-߃ _rl-xv tc-]x = X-s A-km-[m-c-Wam-b {]P-\-\ km-a - y-øm `q-au A-\p- P`mw = Cu `q-an-bn t\-sp p. Cu {_- -Nm-cn = A hpw sf-iz-cyhpw \n-d- ta-l-߃ km-\u = ]-cv-h-x-in-j-cß-fnepw ]r-yn-hym-av = ]r-yn-hn-bnepw tc-xx kn -Xn = Pe-sØ h -jn- p p. Cu tc-xx tk-n-\-øm -Ø-s N-c-{k-{]-Zn-ix = \m-ev {]-txy-i Zn-i-I-fnepw Po-hn- p- {]m-wn-iƒ Poh- n = Po-hn- p p. ta-l-tø-t m-se-bm- Wv {_- -Nmcn. Pew Du - K-Xn {]m-]n- p- Xp-t]m-se \-Ωfpw Du - -tc-x- m- p- -Xn-\v {i-an- Ww. Cu `q-anbn F-t mgmtwm tcx-kv tkn-\w sn-øp -Xv A-t mƒ A- w Xp-S-ßn-b-h-bp- m-bn {]m-wn-i-fp-ss Po-hn-Xw kp-`- K-am-Ip- p. A- u kqtcy Nz-{µa-kn am-x-cn-iz-\v {_- -Nm-cym]vkp k-an[-am Z-[mXn. Xm-km-a-cv-Now-jn ]r-y-k{t` N-c n Xm-km-amPyw ]pcptjm h-cv-j-am-]x... (13)

20 19 k-zm m-\-tøm-ssm- w hn-e-kp- k - a-lm\m-b Cuiz-c {_- -Nm-cn X-s -bmwv. Cu {_- -Nm-cn = {_- - Nm-cn A- u kq-cy N-{µa-kn am-x-cn-iz-\v A-]v-kp = A n, kq-cy, N-{µ, hmbp, P-ew F- n-h-bn k-an[-av = Zo-]v- Xn-sb B-Z-[m-Xn = ÿm-]n- p p. A- n-bn tx-pkpw, kq-cy N-{µ- m-cn {]-`bpw hm-bp-hn Po-h-\-i- nbpw {]-hm-l-i- nbpw P-e-Øn c-khpw Cu-iz-c ÿm-]n- - XmWv. Xm-km-av = Cu P-ew Xp-S-ßn-b-h-bp-sS A-cv-Nn-jn = Zo-]v-Xn-Iƒ ]ry-iv = sh-t -sd A-t{`-Nc- n = P-ew \n-d- ta-l-øn k- -cn- p p. Xm-km-av = Cu P-ew Xp- S-ßn-b-h-bn ÿm-]n- -s - Zo-]v-Xn-bp-sS Im-cy-cq]w 'BPyw ]pcptjm h-cvj-av B-]x = B-Pyw, ]p-cp-j, hr n, P-ew F- n-h-bm-ip p. B-Py-sa- m s\øv. C-Xn- \v Im-c-W- mcm-b ]-ip Xp-S-ßn-b-h-bp-sS k-ar- n D- m- Ip- q-sh- w. ]-ip- ƒ t\-cmwh-æw D- m-ip-tºmƒ k -k- m-\-ß-fp-ss k-ar- n-bp- m-ipw. A-Xm-Wv ]pcpj i- w sim- v A - -am- p- Xv. Cu ta-l-ß-fm k- ab-øv hr- n = a-g D- m-ip p. A-Xn \n v 'B-]' A- Xmb-Xv InW, XSm-Iw, \-Zo F- n-h-bp-ss-sb mw k-ar- nbp- m-ip- q-sh- - w. B-Nm-tcym- f ar-xyp-cv-h-cp-wx tkm-a Hm-j[-bx ]bx Po-aq-Xm B-k- v-k-xzm-\ kv-ssx-cn-zw kzcm-`r-x-av... (14) B-Nmcyx = B-Nm-cy arxyp = a-c-w-am-ip p. K -`-Øn [-cn- v c mw P- w \ -Ip- -Xn-\m, {_- -Nm-cn-sb D-]- \-bn- v c mw P- w \ -Ip- -Xn-\m B-Nm-cy ar-xyphm-ip p. hcpwx = ]m-]-øn \n- v \-sω I-c-I-b- p- -

21 20 Xn-\m B-Nm-cy h-cp-w-\mwv. tkm-ax = N-{µ-t\-t mse B-Àm-Z-a-bhpw im- -hr-øn-bp- -h\pw B-I-bm B- Nm-cy tkm-a-\m-ip p. Hm-j-[-bx = tzm-j-ß-sf-sb mw Z-ln- n- p- i- nbpw {_- -Nm-cn-bn \n-d-bv- m I-gnhp- -Xn-\m B-Nm-cy Hm-j-[-bx B-Ip p. ]-bx = tzmj-tø \-in- n- p- i- n \n-d-bv- p- -h-\m-i-bm B-Nm-cy ']bx' B-Ip p. Cu B-Nm-cy-s k-xzm x = k-ao-]w Po-hn- p- hn-zym - n Po-aqXmx B-km\vx = Poh-\-i- n-bm ]-cn-]q -W-\m-Ip p. ssxx B B-Nm-cys k-ao-]w Po-hn- v X-s Poh-s\ _- n- n-cn- p- {_- -Nm-cn-I-ƒ C-Zw kzx B-`rX-av = Cu kpjw, {]-Imiw, txp- v F- nh-sb [-cn- p- p. A-am Lr-Xw Ir-Wp-tX ti-h-e-am-nm-tcym-f`q-xzm hcptwm bzy-ssz -Xv {]-Pm-]Xu. X-Zv {_- -Nmco {]m-b -Xv kzm- n-t{xm A-[ym-fl-\x... (15) B-Nmcyx = B-Nm-cy h-cp-wx `qxzm = ]m-]-tøbpw tzz-j-tøbpw \n-hmc-ww sn-øp- -h-\m-bn tih-ew LrX-av = B-\-µ-a-bam-b Cu-iz-c-\n ÿn-xn sn-øp p. m\-sø A-am-Ir-Wp-tX = hn-zym - n-bv- v \ -Ip p. B-Nm-cy Cu-iz-c X- m-\-tø-bm-wv hn-zym - nbv- v \ -Ip- Xv. X-Xv = F-t mgmtwm {_- -Nm-cn = {_- -Nm-cnbpw an{xx = kv-t\-l-ap- -h-\m-bn ]m-]-ß-fn \n- v X-s Ø-s c- n- p- -h-\m-bn b-xv b-xv G -Xv = G-tX-Xv h-kv-xp -sf B-Nm-cy-\v B-h-iy-apt m A-hsb mw kzm-\v = [-\ß-sf Bfl-\x A-[n = X- m {]- Pm]-Xu {]m-b -Xv = {]-PI-sf c- n- p- B-Nm-cy-\v e- `y-am- p- p.

22 21 B-Nm-tcym- f {_- -Nm-co {_- -Nm-co {]-Pm-]-Xnx. {]-Pm-]-Xn-cv-hn cmp-xn hn-cm-un-t{µm-`-h-zv-h-io... (16) B-Nm-cy = B-Nm-cy {_- -Nm-cn = {_- - m-\-øn B-a- -\m-bn-cn- p- -h-\m-bn-cn- Ww. CtX-t]m-se {]-Pm- ]-Xnx = {]-PI-sf c- n- p- `-c-wm-[n-im-cnbpw {_- - Nm-cn = {_- - m-\-ap- -h-\m-bn-cn- Ww. A-Ø-c-Øn-ep- {]-Pm-]Xnx = `-c-wm-[n-] hn-cmp-xn = hn-in- {]-Imi-ap- -h\pw im-k-\i- n D- -h\pw B-bn-Øo-cp p. Cu hn-cm-sv = hn-in- {]-Im-i-ap- C-{µx = Pn-tX-{µn-b\m-b `- c-wm-[n-] X-s h-io A-`h-Xv = {]-PI-sf kz-hi-øp \n-dp-øp- p. {_- -N-tcy-W X]-km cm-pm cm{ w hn c- -Xn. B-Nm-tcym f {_- -N-tcy-W {_- -Nm-cn-W-an- -tx... (17) cm-pm = `-c-wm-[n-] {_- -N-tcy-W X]-km = {_- -Ncy-cq-]-Øn-ep- X]- v A-\p-jvTn- p- -I-Xn-eq-sS X-s cm{ w hn-c- Xnx cm-{ -sø k-ay- m-bn c- n- p- p. B- Nm-cyx = B-Nm-cy\pw {_- -N-tcyW = {_- -N-cy-Øn-eqsS {_- -Nm-cnW-av C -tx = in-jy-s\ {_- -Nm-cn-bm-bn Im-Wm B-{K-ln- p p. {_- -N-cy-\n-b-a-Øn ÿn-xn sn-øp- B-Nm-cy-t\ {_- -Nm-cn-sb e-`n- q-sh- - w. {_- -N-tcy-W-I-\ym3 bp-hm-\w hn-\µ-tx ]-Xn-av. A-\-Uzm-\v {_- -N-tcy-Wm-tizm Lm-kw Pn-Ko-cv-Xn... (18) {_- -N-tcyW = {_- -N-cy-Øn-eqsS; Pn-tX-{µn-b-\m-bn i- n-c- -W-Øn-eq-sS I\ym = H-cp Zo-]v-X-a-b Po-hn-X-ap-

23 22 bph-xn bp-hm\mw ]Xnw hnµ-tx = bp-hmhm-b ` -Øm-hns\ tcm-kw Xp-Sßn-b Zp-cnX-ß-sfm- p-an m-ø, i- n Xp- Sßn-b D-Ø-a Kp-W-ß-fp- ` -Øm-hn-s\ t\-sp p. C-hnsS {_- -N-cy-Øn-s c- p Kp-W-߃ ]-d- n-cn- p p. H- v Po-hn-Xw Zo-]v-Xn-bp- -Xm-bn-cn pw c v, tcm-kmzn-tzmj-ß-fn m-ø-xm-bn-cn- pw. {_- -N-tcy-W = {_- -N-cy- Øm X-s A-\-kzm-\v = h- n h-en p-sim- p t]m- Im I-gn-bp- Im-f-Iƒ Iq-Sm-sX Aizx = IpXn-c Lmkw Pn-Ko -j-xn-x = ]p n-s\ C m-xm- m B-{K-ln- p p. A-Xmb-Xv {_- -N-cy-Øn-s A-`m-hw D-Z-c-tI-{µ-sØ hfsc th-kw hn-ir-x-am- p-sa- v A w. Xn- m\pw Ip-Sn- m-\p-ap- i- n ]-Xntb-t]m-bv-t m-ip- p. {_- -N-tcy-W X]-km tz-hm ar-xyp-a-]m-lv-\x. C-t{µm l {_- -N-tcy-W tz-th-`yx kz1cm-`-c-xv... (19) {_- -N-tcy-W X]-km = {_- -N-cy-cq-]-Øn-ep- X-]-kn- \m tzhmx = F m tz-h- mcpw ar-xyp-av A-] A-Lv-\- X= ar-xyp-hn-s\ X-ß-fn \n- v Zq-tc-bv- v A-I- n-\n-dp-øp- p. A-ar-XØzw tcm-k-an m-bv-abpw t\-sn-ø-cp- q-sh- w. C{µx = H-cp Pn-tX-{µn-b\m-b ]p-cp-j hm = \n- -b-am-b-tøm-ssø-s tz-tzz`yx = C-{µn-b-߃- m-bn {_- -N-tcyW = {_- -N-cy-Øm Ø-s kzx B-Zc-Xv = Zo-]v-Xn-tbbpw {]-Im-i-tØbpw ssi-h-cn- p- p. {_- -Ncyw sim- m-wv C-{µn-b-ß-fp-sS i- n t\-cmwh-æw D- m-bn- Øo-cp- -Xv. Hmj-[tbm `q-x-`-hy-a-tlm-cm{tx h-\-kv-]-xnx kw-h -cx k-l-cv-xp-`n-kv-tx Pm-Xm {_- -Nm-cn-Wmx... (20)

24 23 Hm-j[-bx = ^-e-]m-iam-b {holn, bhw Xp-S-ßn-b-h `q-x- `-hy-av = D-ev-]- -am-bxpw C-\n D-ev-]- -am-im t]m-ip- - Xpam-b N-cm-N-c-ß-fp- Cu P-K-Øn A-tlm-cm{tX = cmhpw ]-Iepw h-\-kv-]xnx = i-co-c-øn {]-Im-i-Øn-s c -sb \ -Ip- h-\-kv-]-xn-bpw* kw-h -cx = 12 am-kß-fp- Imew, E-Xp-`nx kl = hk- w Xp-Sßn-b B-dv E-Xp- -tfm-ssm w, C-h-sb mw {_- -Nm-cn-Wx PmXmx = {_- -Nm-cn-bp-sS X-]- n-s alna sim- v ]p-\-cp -`-hn- p- p. ]m-cv-yn-hm Zn-hymx ]-i-h B-cWym {K-ay- `-tb. A-] mx ]- n-w- tb tx Pm-Xm {_- -Nm-cn-Wx... (21) ]m - n-hmx = `q-an-sb kw-_- n- Zn-hymx = A- -co- - Øn-ep- B-c-Wymx {Km-aymx N = h-\-øn-ep- knw-lw Xp-S-ßn-b-hbpw {Km-a-Øn-ep- ]-ip Xp-S-ßn-b-hbpw tb ]i-hx = G-sXm-cp ar-k-߃ Dt m A-]- mx = ]- -cln-xam-b ]- n-wx N = Nn-d-Ip- {]m-wn-i-tf-hsbms tbm tx = A-hsb H-s {_- -Nm-cn-Wx PmXmx = {_- -N-cy-Øn-s {]-`m-h-øm D- m-ip- p. ]r-y-iv-k-cv-th {]-Pm-]-Xymx {]m-wm-\mfl-kp hn-{`-xn. Xm- v-k-cv-hm-\v-{_- c -Xn {_- -Nm-cn-Wym-`r-X-av... (22) k-cv-th {]-Pm-]-Xymx = {]-Pm-]-Xn-bp-sS F m k- m-\-ßfpw * h-\m\mw ]m-e-bn-xm h-\w = {]-Imiw

25 24 Bfl-kp = X-ß-fp-sS tz-l-ß-fn ]ry-iv = sh-t -sd kz-kw-_- am-b {]m-wm-\v _n-`q-xn = {]m-w-\pi-sf [- cn- p p. Xm-\v k-cv-hm = B F m {]m-w-\p-iƒ pw {_- -Nm-cn-Wn B-`rX-av = {_- -Nm-cn-bn k-a-\z-bn- s - v {_- -c -Xn = ho-cy-cq-]am-b [-\w sim- p X-s kp-c- n-x-am- -s - -Xm-Wv. tz-hm-\m-tax-xv ]-cn-jq-x-a-\-`ym-cq-vw Nc-Xn tcm-n-am-\-av. X-kv-am- m-xw {_m -Ww {_- tpy-jvtw tz-hm- k-cvth A-artX-\ km-i-av... (23) tz-hm-\m-av = hm-\-ki-sf hn-p-bn- p- -Xn-\v B-{K-ln- p-, tz-h-hr-øn-bp- ]p-cp-j- m GX-Xv = Cu i-co-c-ÿamb ho-cy-øm ]-cn-jqx-av = ]n-cn-{k-ln- p- -Xn-\p-k-cn- v i-co-c-øn-s \m-ep-]mspw hym-]n- p p. A-\-`ym-cqV-av = tcm-kw Xp-S-ßn-b-h B-{I-an- mø tcm-n-am\-av = m-\- {]-Im-i-Øm Zo-]v-X-am-bn-s m p Nc-Xn = i-co-c-øn k- -cn- p p. X-kva-Xv = B i-co-c-ÿam-b hocyw sim- px-s {_m- W-av = {_- -kw-_- nbm-b tpy-jvtw {_ = kcv-thm -Ir- am-b m-\w PmX-av = {]m-zp -`q- X-am-Ip p. N = Iq-Sm-sX A-ar-tX-\-kmI-av = A-ar-Xw tcm-k-c-ln-x-am-bn k h tz-hmx = F m Zn-hy tz-h-x-ifpw D-ev-]- -am-ip- p. {_- -Nm-co {_- {`mp-zv _n-`-cv-xn X-kv-an-tµhm A-[n hntiz k-tam-xmx. {]m-wm-]m\u P-\-b- m`v hym-\w hm-nw amt\m lrz-bw {_- ta-[m-av... (24)

26 25 {_- -Nm-cn = {_- -Nm-cn {`mp-xv {_- -_n-`-cv-xn = {]-Imin p-sim- -n-cn- p- m\-sø [mc-ww sn-øp p. X- kv-an A-[n = B {_- -Nm-cn-bn Ø-s hn-tiz-tzhmx = F m Zn-hy-Kp-Wßfpw k-tam-xx = _- -s - n-cn- p- p.* F m tz-h- m-cp-tsbpw \n-hm-k-ÿm-\-am-bn-øo - {_- - Nm-cn {]m-wm-]m-\u = {]m-wm-]m-\-i- n-sb cp-xv = Iq-Sm-sX F-t mƒ hym\-av = hym-\-s\- p t]-cp- hm-bp-hn-s\ hmn-av = hm-iv i- n-sb a-\x = k -t -{µn-bm- \p-{k-l-iam-b A- x- -c-wsø, lr-zbav = A- x- -c- W-Øn-s \n-hm-k-ÿm-\am-b lr-z-b-i-ae-sø {_ = th-zm-fl-iam-b m\-sø ta-[m-av = hn-zym-{k-l-w Ipie-X-tbbpw _p- n-tbbpw P-\b-\v = X- n {]m-zp -`q-xam-ip- -h-\m-ip- p. N px t{im{xw btim A-kv-am-kp t[-ly-\ w tctxm tem-ln-x-ap-z-c-av... (25) A tbm {_- -N-cym-fl-I\m-b {_, A-ßv A-kv-amkp = R-ß-fn N px t{im-{x-av = Im-Wp-Ibpw tiƒ- p-ibpw sn-øp- i- n-sb b-ix = Io -Øn-sb t[-ln = F- n [-cn- n- mepw C-tX Im-gv-N- m-sn A -av = t`m-py-]-zm - -ß-tfbpw tc-xx = B A- -Øn \n- v D- ev-]- -am-ip- ho-cy-tøbpw tem-lnx-av = c- -tøbpw Iq-Sm-sX D-Zc-av = D-Z-c-Øn-t\bpw t[-ln = [-cn- m-epw. Xm- \n = B N p, t{im{xw Xp-Sßn-b I-ev]-Xv = km-a - ybp- -am- n-bn- v {_- -Nm-cn = ho-cy-c- -I\m-b Iphmhv k-apt{z = m-\-k-ap-{zam-b B-Nm-cy K-cv-`-Øn X-]x * bm-h-xocv-ssh tz-h-xm-kvxmx k-cv-hm th-z-hn-zn {_m -tw h-k n (ssx-øocn-b B-c-WyIw )

27 26 X-]y-am-\x = X]- v sn-bv-xv k-en-e-ky-]r-jv-tt = m-\- P-e-Øn-s ]r-jvt-øm A-Xn-jvTX = ÿn-c-am-ip p. Cu kv\m-\ P-e-Øn kv-\m-xx = Ip-fn- v ip- -am-bn-øocp- kx = B {_- -Nm-cn _`qx = ho-cy-sø [-cn- v ]n-mv- K-ex = txp- p sim- v ]n-mv-k-e h -W-\m-bn ]r-yn-hym-av = Cu `q-an-bn _lp-tcmn-tx = hen-b {]-`m-h-ap- -h- \m-ip- p.

28 27 {_ -N-cy-Øn-s a-l-xzw 1. b-zm _-[v-\-µm- m-tb-wm ln-cwyw i-xm-\o-imb kp-a-\-ky-am-\mx. X-XvtX _-[v-\m-aym-bp-tj h-cv-ntk _em-b Zo-cv-Lm-bp-Xzm-b i-x-im-c-zm-b (A-Y -h-thzw ) Hm-P v, tx-pkv, _ew, km-lkw, D- m-lw F n-h {]-Zm-\w sn-øp- B-bn-c -W- n-\v tk-\m-\n-i-fp-ss _-e-ap- G-sXm-cp D-Ø-aam-b ho-cy-sø D-Ø-a a-\- t mss, in-h-k- -ev-]-tøm-ss G-sXm-cp a-\p-jy [mc- Ww sn-øp p-thm, tl, a-\pjym \q-dp h -jw Po-hn- p- -Xn-\p th- n-bp- tx-p- n-s\ _-esø, Hm-Pn-s\ \n- n ho-cy-ambn 'Rm ' B-[m-\w sn-øp- p. 2. \m-b-am-xv\zm _-e-lot\-\ e-`yx (ap-fi-tim-]-\n-jøv 3.1.4) _-e-lo-\-\pw, i- n-bn m-ø-h-\pw, {_- -N-cy-an m- Ø-h\pw ]-c-am-flm-hn-s\ {]m-]n- m-\m-hn. 3. th-zm-\-[o-xy th-zuhm th-zw hm ]n b-ym-{iaw

29 28 A-hn-πp-X-{_- N-tcym Kr-l-ÿm-{i-a-am-h-tkXv (a-\p-kv-arxn 3.2) {I-a-Øn \m-tem, aq-t m, c-t m, Ht m th-zw ]Tn- v {_- N-cy {h-x-øn-\v `w-kw h-cm-sx Kr-l-ÿm-{ia-Øn {]-th-in- -Ww. 4. B-lm-ci-b-\ {_- -N-tcy-bp ym {]-tbmpn-ssxx i-co-cw [m-cy-tx \n-xy-am-km-can-h [m-c-sswx (A- m-mv-k-lrz-bw kq-{x-ÿm-\w B-bp -th-z-{k-ÿw) B-lmcw, \n-{z F nh t]m-se {_- -N-cyhpw i-co-c- Øn-s B-[m-c-amWv. ho-sn-s X-d F t]m-se-øs. X-d-bn m-sx ho-sp ho-wp ]-d-bp- Xp-t]m-se {_- -N-cy-an m-ø i-co-cw \- hpw {`- -hp-am-ipw. 5. ac-ww _n-µp ]m-tx\ Poh-\w _-n-µp [m-c-wm-xv. (`-K-hm i- -c ) ho-cy-øn-s H-cp _n-µp \- -s - m a-c-w-ap- m-ipw. ho-cy-c- -bm-wv Poh-s tl-xp. 6. {_- N-cy ky N Kp-Ww ir-wpxzw h-kp-[m-[n] A-P- -a-c-wm-zy-kv-xp {_- -Nm-cn `-th-znln \ X-ky In- n-z-{]m-]y-an-xn hn- n \-cm-[n-] (`o-jva, a-lm-`m-c-xw) A tbm cmp, \n-߃ {_- -N-cy-Øn-s Kp-Ww tiƒ q. P\-\w ap-x ac-ww h-sc {_- -Ncyw ]m-

30 29 en- p- a-\p-jy\v Cu temi-øv H-cp h-kv-xphpw A- {]m-]y-am-bn- n. 7. {_- N-cy {]-Xn-jvTmbmw ho-cy-em`x (tbm-k-z -i\w 2.28) {_- -N-cy-]me-\w sim- v hocyw AY-hm _-ew e-`n- p- p. 8. {_- -Nm-co \ Im- -\m -Xn am- Xn (ix-]-y {_m- -Ww ) {_- -Ncyw ]m-en- m H-cp {]-Im-c-Øn-ep- Zpx-Jhpw D- m-hp-i-bn. 9. ho-cyta-h _-ew _-eta-h ho-cyw hocyw X-s -bm-wv _ew. _-ew X-s -bm-wv ho-cyw. {_- -Ncyw B - n tbm A-bmƒ- v _-ehpw D- mhn. 10. {_- -N-tcy-W X]-km cm{ w hn c- Xn (A-Y - w ) {_- -N-cy-Øn-eq-sS cm-pm-hv cm-{ -sø hn-ti-j-cq-]- Øn c- n- p- p. 11. cm-py-aq-e-an-{µn-b Pbx (Nm-W-Iy-kq-{Xm-Wn) Pn-tX-{µn-b-Xz-ap- hy- nt cm-{ kw-nme-\w km- [y-am-iq. 12. {_- -Nm-tcy-h `h-xn b-{x X-{Xm-{i-ta h-k\v (a-\p-kv-arxn 3.50) \n-µy-ßfm-b \m-fp-i-fn kv-{xo-t`m-kw h - n- p- h-\pw Kr-l-ÿ-s\- nepw {_- -Nm-cn X-s -bm-ip- p.

31 ]-c-zm-c-]-cn-xym-km-xv kz-zm-c-]-cn-xp- nxx E-Xp-Im-em-`n-Km-an-Xzm-Xv {_- -Nm-co Kr-locnXx ]-c-kv-{xo-sb k-zm Xy-Pn v, ]-c-kv-{xosb Hm -a-bn t mepw sh-bv- m-xn-cn- p-i. hn-hm-lw snbv-x kz-`mcy-bn k- p- -\m-bn-cn- p-i. tbm-ky-k- m-\-øn-\v E-Xp-Ime-Øv `m-cy-bp-am-bn tn-cp-i. Cß-s\ [ -a-imkv-{x \n-b-aß-sf ]m-en- p- Kr-l-ÿ {_- -Nmcn X-s -bmwv 14. kv-ac-ww Io Ø-\w ti-fnx t{] -Ww Kp-ly-`m-j-W-av. k- ev-t]mf [y-h-kmb {In-bm \n-jv-]-øntc-h N G-X ssa-yp-\-a- m-mvkw {]-hz- n a-\o-j-wnjx (Z- -kv-arxn ) kv-{xo-tbm-sp-øp c-an- p-i, A-h-cp-sS Kp-W-߃ h - Wn- p-i, A-h-tcm-sSm-Øv k -]n- p-i, I-fn- p-i, kv- {XoI-sf t\m- n-s m- n-cn- p-i, c-l-ky-am-bn kw-kmcn- n-cn- p-i, Ah-sc e-`n- p- -Xm-bn k- -ev-]n p-sim- n-cn- p-i, kv-{xoi-sf e-`n- m {]-b-xv-\n p-sim- ncn- p-i, A-h-cp-am-bn _- -Øn-te -s -Sp-I. C-h F- p- {]-Im-c-Øn-ep ssa-yp-\-ß-fm-sw- v hn-zzm -am ]- d-bp p. C-h C m-xm-bm am-{x-ta A-J-fiam-b {_- -Ncyw ]m-en- m I-gn-bq.

32 31 {_ -Nm-co-jv-Ww- c-xn tcm-z-ko D-t` X-kv-an-\v tz-hmx kwa-\tkm `-h n. k Zm[m-c ]r-ynhow Zn-hw N k B-Nm-cyw X]-km ]n-]-cv-xn... (1) {_- -Nm-cn-Ww ]n-xtcm tz-h-p\mx ]ry-kv tzhm A-\p-kwb- n k-cvth. K- -cv-hm G-\-a-\zmb{ b-kv-{xnwi-xv {Xn-iXmx j-sv k-l-{kmx. k-cv-hm v-k tz-hmw-kv-x]-km ]n-]-cv-xn...(2) B-Nmcy D-]-\-bamt\m {_- -Nm-cn-Ww Ir-WptX K-cv-`-a x. Xw cm-{xo-kv-{xn-{k D-Z-tc _n-` -Xn Xw PmXw {Z- p a-`n- -kwb- n tz-hm... (3) C-bw k-an-xv hr-yn-ho Zyu-cv-ZznXo-tbmXm- -cn w k-an-[m ]r-wmxn. {_- -Nm-co k-an-[m ta-j-ebm {itaw tem-imw-kv-x]-km ]n-]-cv-xn...(4)

33 32 ]qcvthm PmtXm {_- twm {_- -Nm-co [-cv-ah-km-\-kvx-]-tkm-z-xn-jvtxv. X-kv-am- m-xw {_m- Ww {_- tpy-jvtw tz-hm- k-cv-th A-artX-\ km-i-av...(5) {_- -Nm-tcy-Xn k-an-[m kan Im-cv-jv-Ww hkm-t\m Zo ntxm Zo-cv-L-iv-a-{ipx k k-zy G-Xn ]q-cv-h-kv-am-zp-øcw k-ap{zw tem-im- v-kw-kr-`y ap-l-cm-n-cn-{i-xv...(6) {_- -Nm-co P-\-b-\v-{_ mt]m tem-iw {]-Pm-]-Xnw ]-c-ta-jvtn-\w hn-cm-pav. Kcvt`m `q-xzm-ar-xky tbm-\m-hn-t{µm l `q-xzm-kp-cmw-kv-x-x-cv-l...(7) B-Nm-cy-fkv-X-X- \`-ko D-t` C-ta D-cv-how Kw-`o-tc ]r-ynhow Zn-hw N. tx c -Xn X-]km {_- -Nm-co X-kv-an-\v tz-hmx ka-\tkm `-h- n... (8) Camw `qanw ]r-ynhnw {_- -Nm-co `n- mam P`m-c {]-Ytam Zn-hw-N. tx IrXzm k-an-[m-hp-]m-kvtx X-tbm- cv-]n-xm `p-h-\m-\n-hn-izm... (9) Acv-hm-K\yx ]tcm At\ym Znh-kv]r-jvSm- ZvKplm\n[o \nlnxu {_m -W-ky. Xu c Xn X]km {_ -Nmco XXv tihew IrWptX {_ hnzzm-\v... (10)

34 33 A-cv-hm-K\yx CtXm A\yx ]r-ynhym A o ktatxm \`-kn A- -tcta. X-tbmx {i-bt c-iv-a-tbm-[n Zr-Vm-kv-Xm-\m Xn-jvT-Xn X]-km {_- -Nm-co... (11) A-`n-{Iµ-\v kv-x-\-b- -cp-wx in-xnmv-tkm _r-lt -t]m-\p `q-au P-`m-c. {_- -X-Nm-co kn- Xn km-\u tc-xx ]r-yn-hymw tx-\ Poh- n {]-Zn-c- -X-kv-{Xx... (12) A- u kqtcy Nz-{µa-kn am-x-cn-iz-\v {_- -Nm-cym]vkp k-an[-am Z-[mXn. Xm-km-a-cv-Now-jn ]r-y-k{t` N-c n Xm-km-amPyw ]pcptjm h-cv-j-am-]x...(13) B-Nm-tcym- f ar-xyp-cv-h-cp-wx tkm-a Hm-j[-bx ]bx Po-aq-Xm B-k- v-k-xzm-\ kv-ssx-cn-zw kzcm-`r-x-av... (14) A-am Lr-Xw Ir-Wp-tX ti-h-e-am-nm-tcym-f`q-xzm hcptwm bzy-ssz -Xv {]-Pm-]Xu. X-Zv {_- -Nmco {]m-b -Xv kzm- n-t{xm A-[ym-fl-\x...(15) B-Nm-tcym- f {_- -Nm-co {_- -Nm-co {]-Pm-]-Xnx. {]-Pm-]-Xn-cv-hn cmp-xn hn-cm-un-t{µm-`-h-zv-h-io... (16)

35 34 {_- -N-tcy-W X]-km cm-pm cm{ w hn c- -Xn. B-Nm-tcym f {_- -N-tcy-W {_- -Nm-cn-W-an- tx... (17) {_- -N-tcy-W-I-\ym3 bp-hm-\w hn-\µ-tx ]-Xn-av. A-\-Uzm-\v {_- -N-tcy-Wm-tizm Lm-kw Pn-Ko-cv-Xn... (18) {_- -N-tcy-W X]-km tz-hm ar-xyp-a-]m-lv-\x. C-t{µm l {_- -N-tcy-W tz-th-`yx kz1cm-`-c-xv... (19) Hmj-[tbm `q-x-`-hy-a-tlm-cm{tx h-\-kv-]-xnx kw-h -cx k-l-cv-xp-`n-kv-tx Pm-Xm {_- -Nm-cn-Wmx... (20) ]m-cv-yn-hm Zn-hymx ]-i-h B-cWym {K-ay- `-tb. A-] mx ]- n-w- tb tx Pm-Xm {_- -Nm-cn-Wx... (21) ]r-y-iv-k-cv-th {]-Pm-]-Xymx {]m-wm-\mfl-kp hn-{`-xn. Xm- v-k-cv-hm-\v-{_- c -Xn {_- -Nm-cn-Wym-`r-X-av... (22) tz-hm-\m-tax-xv ]-cn-jq-x-a-\-`ym-cq-vw Nc-Xn tcm-n-am-\-av. X-kv-am- m-xw {_m -Ww {_- tpy-jvtw tz-hm- k-cvth A-artX-\ km-i-av...(23)

36 35 {_- -Nm-co {_- {`mp-zv _n-`-cv-xn X-kv-an-tµhm A-[n hntiz k-tam-xmx. {]m-wm-]m\u P-\-b- m`v hym-\w hm-nw amt\m lrz-bw {_- ta-[m-av... (24) N px t{im{xw btim A-kv-am-kp t[-ly-\ w tctxm tem-ln-x-ap-z-c-av...(25) {_ -N-cy-Øn-s a-l-xzw 1. b-zm _-[v-\-µm- m-tb-wm ln-cwyw i-xm-\o-imb kp-a-\-ky-am-\mx. X-XvtX _-[v-\m-aym-bp-tj h-cv-ntk _em-b Zo-cv-Lm-bp-Xzm-b i-x-im-c-zm-b (A-Y -h-thzw ) 2. \m-b-am-xv\zm _-e-lot\-\ e-`yx (ap-fi-tim-]-\n-jøv 3.1.4) 3. th-zm-\-[o-xy th-zuhm th-zw hm ]n b-ym-{iaw A-hn-πp-X-{_- N-tcym Kr-l-ÿm-{i-a-am-h-tkXv (a-\p-kv-arxn 3.2) 4. B-lm-ci-b-\ {_- -N-tcy-bp ym {]-tbmpn-ssxx i-co-cw [m-cy-tx \n-xy-am-km-can-h [m-c-sswx (A- m-mv-k-lrz-bw kq-{x-ÿm-\w B-bp -th-z-{k-ÿw)

37 36 5. ac-ww _n-µp ]m-tx\ Poh-\w _-n-µp [m-c-wm-xv. (`-K-hm i- -c ) 6. {_- N-cy ky N Kp-Ww ir-wpxzw h-kp-[m-[n] A-P- -a-c-wm-zy-kv-xp {_- -Nm-cn `-th-znln \ X-ky In- n-z-{]m-]y-an-xn hn- n \-cm-[n-] (`o-jva, a-lm-`m-c-xw) 7. {_- N-cy {]-Xn-jvTmbmw ho-cy-em`x (tbm-k-z -i\w 2.28) 8. {_- -Nm-co \ Im- -\m -Xn am- Xn (ix-]-y {_m- -Ww ) 9. ho-cyta-h _-ew _-eta-h ho-cyw 10. {_- -N-tcy-W X]-km cm{ w hn c- Xn (A-Y - w ) 11. cm-py-aq-e-an-{µn-b Pbx (Nm-W-Iy-kq-{Xm-Wn) 12. {_- -Nm-tcy-h `h-xn b-{x X-{Xm-{i-ta h-k\v (a-\p-kv-arxn 3.50) 13. ]-c-zm-c-]-cn-xym-km-xv kz-zm-c-]-cn-xp- nxx E-Xp-Im-em-`n-Km-an-Xzm-Xv {_- -Nm-co Kr-lo-cnXx

38 14. kv-ac-ww Io Ø-\w ti-fnx t{] -Ww Kp-ly-`m-j-W-av. k- ev-t]mf [y-h-kmb {In-bm \n-jv-]-øntc-h N G-X ssa-yp-\-a- m-mvkw {]-hz- n a-\o-j-wnjx (Z- -kv-arxn ) 37

39 38 1. \-Ωp-sS cm-{ -Øn {_m- -W {_- -tx-p- p- -hcm-bn-cn- s. A-h m-\-zo-]v-xn-bm {]-Im-iw snmsshzni cmjv{s-koxw Hmw B {_- {_m- -twm {_ -h Nko PmbXmw Bcm-jvt{S-cm-P\yx iqc CjthymfXnhym[o alm-c-tym-pm-bxmw I tzmkv{[o-t[-\p, thmvmf\uzm Bipx-kv]vXn-]p-c- n tbm-jm, PnjvWp-c-tYjvTm kt`-bm-bp-hmky bp-am-\ky hotcm-pm-bxmw I \nim-ta-\n-imta \x ] P\ym h jxp ^e-h-txym\ Hmj-[bx ]Ny- mw, tbmk-t tam \x Iev]Xmw II (b-pp -th-zw 22/22) A w: Cu a-{ -Øn B-Z -i-cm-{ -sø- p-dn- p- h - W-\-bm-Wv \mw Im-Wp- -Xv. \-Ωp-sS cm{ w F-ß-s\-bm- I-Ww? A tbm a-lm- m-cn a-lm\m-b ]-c-ta-iz-cm?

40 39 cn-bp- -h-cm-bn-cn- s. B-cm-Wv {_m- W? {_m- Ws ho- n P-\n- Xp-sIm- p-am{xw H-cmƒ {_m- -W- \m-ip-i-bn. km-[\ sim pw X]- p sim- p-am-wv {_m- -W-\m-tI- Xv. cm-{ -Øn-\v k- m -Kw Im- n-s m- Sp-Ø E-jn-am-cpw, ap-\n-amcpw ta-[m-hn-i-fp-am-wv {_m- W. A-Ø-c-Øn-ep- {_m- -W A-hn-Zy-sb \-in- n- p-ibpw hn-zy-sb A-`n-hr- n-s -Sp-Øp-Ibpw sn-øpw. 2. -{Xn-b iq-c-ho-c- mcpw B-bp-[-߃ {]-tbm-kn- p- -h-cn \n-]p-w-cp-am-bn-cn- Ww. i-{xp -sf X-I - p- a-lm-cyn-i-fm-bn-cn- Ww. B- -cn-ihpw _m-lyhpam-b i-{xp- -tfm-sv bp- w sn-øm\pw tzi-sø c- n- m\pw i- n-bp- -{Xn-b ho-c- m Cu cm-{ - Øn D- m-i-s. 3. [m-cm-fw ]m \ -Ip- \ ]-ip- -fp- m-is. cm- { -hm-kn-iƒ kz-ÿcpw ]r- cpw _-en-jvtcpw B-I- W-sa- n cm-py-øv \ ]-ip- ƒ thww. ]-ip- ƒ ]m-sem-gp- p- cm-py-øn-\v D- -X-am-b A-`n-hr- n ssih-cpw. 4. `m-cw Np-a- m ti-jn-bp- Im-f-I-fp- m-is. R-ßfp-sS cm-{ -Øn 5. Ip-Xn-c-Iƒ A-Xn-th-K-X-bp- -h-bm-i-s. 6. kv-{xo-iƒ \-Kc-sØ c- n- p- -h-cm-i-s. 7. Cu b- -io-eam-b cm-{ -Øn-se bp-hm- ƒ k-`-ifpw k-an-xn-ifpw sim- p \-S- m tbm-ky-cm-is. hn-p-bio-ecpw ho-ccpw a-lm-c-yn-i-fp-am-bn bp-hm- ƒ am-d-s. 8. C- m-\p-km-cw \-ap v Cu cm-{ -Øn kr- n-bp- m- I-s. 9. Hu-j-[n-Iƒ \-ap- v ^-e-߃ \ -Ip- -h-bm-i-s.

41 \-Ωp-sS tbm-k-t -aw C-hn-sS t\-sp-hm I-gn-bs. In- mø-xp In- p- -Xm-Wv tbm-kw. In- n-b-xn-s\ c- n- p- -Xm-Wv t aw. Cu cm-{ -Øn-s B-h-iy-X-I-sf mw kp-k-a-am-bn \-S- n-em- m I-gn-b-s.

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