Chapter 7. Time-Varying Fields and Maxwell s Equations
|
|
- Magdalen Harvey
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 7. Time-arying Fields and Maxwell s Equations
2 Electrostatic & Time arying Fields Electrostatic fields E, D B, H =J D H 1 E B In the electrostatic model, electric field and magnetic fields are not related each other.
3 Faraday s law A major advance in EM theory was made by M. Faraday in 1831 who discovered experimentally that a current was induced in a conducting loop when the magnetic flux linking the loop changed. d electromotive force (emf): dt
4 Faraday s law Fundamental postulate for electromagnetic induction is d B dl dl d dt E C E C s S t E The electric field intensity in a region of time-varying magnetic flux density is therefore non conservative and cannot be expressed as the negative gradient of a scalar potential. The negative sign is an assertion that the induced emf will cause a current to flow in the closed loop in such a direction as to oppose the change in the linking magnetic flux Lentz s law B t d E dt B t
5 7-.3. A moving conductor in a static magnetic field Charge separation by magnetic force F qub m To an observer moving with the conductor, there is no apparent motion and the magnetic force can be interpreted as an inducted electric field acting along the conductor and producing a voltage. 1 u 1 B dl Around a circuit, motional emf or flux cutting emf 1 C ub dl
6 A moving conductor in a static magnetic field Example 7- (a) Open voltage? (b) Electric power in R (c) Mechanical power required to move the sliding bar 1 u B ax az ay ( a) dl u B dl ub h 1 C ubh ubh ( b) I Pe I R R R R 1 ( c) P F u, F mechanical force to counteract the magnetic force F F I dlba IB h N F F I M M M W mag x M mag ubh u Bh u Bh FM ax PM R R R W m P e P M
7 A moving conductor in a static magnetic field Example 7-3. Faraday disk generator 4 u B = a az ar dl r B C 3 dr B b rdr Bb
8 Magnetic force & electric force F q EuB When a charge q moves parallel to the current on a wire, the magnetic force on q is equivalent to the electric force on q. At the rest frame on wire F vb B q At the moving frame on charge FE q E ' I L L 1 v/ c / 1 v/ c ' E I To observer moving with q under E and B fields, there is no apparent motion. But, the force on q can be interpreted as caused by an electric field, E.
9 7-.4. A moving circuit in a time-varying magnetic field To observer moving with q under E and B fields, there is no apparent motion. But, the force on q can be interpreted as caused by an electric field, E. E E ub Now, consider a conducting circuit with contour C and surface S moves with a velocity u under static E and B fields. u Changing in magnetic flux due to the circuit movement produces an emf, : d dt B On the other hand, the moving circuit experiences an emf,, due to E : E C ' dl E ' Is it true that B E'
10 B?? E' E E ub From the Faraday's law of B Edl ds, C S t by replacing E with E = E - u B, B Edl ds ub dl t C S C u time variation at rest motional emf Note that E ' E dl C B d d B d dt dt s S Therefore, we need to prove that d dt B Bds ds ubdl t S S C
11 B?? E' Time-rate of change of magnetic flux through the contour d d 1 d lim t t d t d 1 dt dt B s S t t B s S B s S1 B t Bt tbt t H.O.T., t d B t 1 d d lim d d 1H.O.T. dt B s S s S t t t B s S B s u S1 In going from C 1 to C, the circuit covers a region bounded by S 1, S, and S 3 B d Bds Bds Bds S S 1 S ds dlut Bds Bds t ub dl 3 S S 1 C 1 t d B Bds ds u B dl dt S S t C emf = E dl C Therefore, the emf induced in the moving circuit C is equivalent to the emf induced by the change in magnetic flux d E' B dt : same form as not in motion.
12 A moving circuit in a time-varying magnetic field Example 7.3 Determine the open-circuit voltage of the Faraday disk generator B S b Bb t BdsB rdrd B t d dt b Compare! B E ' Edl d dl C s S t u B C 4 u B = a a a E' dl C 3 r B z rdr B b B E ' Bb rdr
13 B E ' Edl d dl C s S t u B C B d d B d dt dt s S (Example 7-4) Find the induced emf in the rotating loop under B() t a B sint y o (a) when the loop is at rest with an angle. y osin n B d s a B t a hw Bhwsintcos d a BScostcos, S hw : the area of the loop dt (b) When the loop rotates with an angular velocity ω about the x-axis 1 w 3 w a ubdl [( ) ( sin )] [( ) ( 4 sin )] C an ayb t axdx an ayb t axdx w ( B sin t sin t ) h B S sin t sin ( = t) B S(cos tsin t) B Scos t E' a a Compare! 1 n d d 1 B BSsin tbscost dt dt t B t a t S B Ssintcos B Ssintcost B Ssin t B E'
14 7-3. How Maxwell fixed Ampere s law? We now have the following collection of two curl eqns. and two divergence eqns. B E, H= J t D, B= Charge conservation law the equation of continuity J t The set of four equations is now consistent with the equation of continuity? Taking the divergence of H= J, H J H from the vector null J does not vanish in a time-varying situation and this equation is, in general, not true. identity
15 Maxwell s equations A term ρ v / t must be added to the equation. D H J J D t t D H J t E B J t The additional term D/ t means that a time-varying electric field will give rise to a magnetic field, even in the absence of a free current flow (J=). D/ t is called displacement current (density).
16 Maxwell s equations Maxwell s equations B E t D H= J t D B= Continuity equation J t Lorentz s force F qe ( B) These four equations, together with the equation of continuity and Lorentz s force equation form the foundation of electromagnetic theory. These equations can be used to explain and predict all macroscopic electromagnetic phenomena. The four Maxwell s equations are not all independent The two divergence equations can be derived from the two curl equations by making use of the equation of continuity
17 Maxwell s equations Integral form & differential form of Maxwell s equations Differential form Integral form Significance B E t H = J D t C B d Edl ds S t dt C D Hdl I ds S t Faraday s law Ampere s law D D d s C Q Gauss s law B= B d s S No isolated magnetic charge
18 Maxwell s equations Example 7-5 erify that the displacement current = conduction current in the wire. i C : conduction current in the connecting wire dc ic C1 C 1 cost dt A C1 d C E : uniform between the plates d DE sint d sin C t D t d id d s cost AC 1 cost i A C
19 Maxwell s equations Example 7-5 Determine the magnetic field intensity at a distance r from the wire Two typical open surfaces with rim C may be chosen: (a) a planar disk surface S, b a curved surface S 1 For the surface S, D = C 1 C 1 Hdl rh JdsiC C1 cost H cos t S 1 r Since the surface S passes through the dielectric medium, no conducting current flows through D rh id d s i A t C 1 H cost r C S displacement current
20 7-5. Electromagnetic Boundary Conditions C B Edl ds when h S t E E 1t t D D Hdl J ds ; ds when h t t C S S a H H J H H J n 1 s 1t t sn s s DdS d a D D when B ds D B D 1n n s n 1 B H H 1n n 1 1n n s h
21 Electromagnetic Boundary Conditions Both static and time-varying electromagnetic fields satisfy the same boundary conditions: E E 1t t H H J B The tangential component of an E field is continuous across an interface. 1t t sn The tangential component of an H field is discontinuous across an interface where a surface current exists. B 1n n The normal component of an B field is continuous across an interface. D D 1n n s The normal component of an D field is discontinuous across an interface where a surface charge exists.
22 Boundary conditions at an interface between two lossless linear media Between two lossless media () with =, and S =, J s = E D1 t 1 E D 1t t t D B E, H H B H B 1t t 1t 1 t D D E E 1n n 1 1n n B B H H 1n n 1 1n n
23 Boundary conditions at an interface between dielectric and perfect conductor In a perfect conductor ( infinite, for example, supercondiuctors), E D, H B Medium Medium 1(dielectric) (perfect metal) E 1t t H J H D B E 1t s t D 1n s n 1n n B
24 Boundary conditions Table
25 7-4. Potential functions ector potential B A T B Electric field for the time-varying case. A E AE t t A E t A E /m t Due to charge distribution Due to time-varying current J
26 Wave equation for vector potential A From,, or t t t t t t t t t A H B A D E D H J A A J A A A A J A A J A J A (Lorenz condition, or gauge) Non-homogeneous wave equation for vector potential A 1 traveling wave with a velocity of (# Show that the Lorentz condition is consistent with the equation of continuity. Prob. P.7-1)
27 Wave equations for scalar potential A A A From, v v v v A E and E t t t t t ρ ε ρ ε ρ με ε ρ με ε for scalar potential t A The Lorentz condition uncouples the wave equations for A and for. The wave equations reduce to Poisson s equations in static cases.
28 Gauge freedom Electric & magnetic field Gauge transformation A E, B= A t If AA, B remains unchanged. A A E t t t t Thus, if is further changed to, E also remains same. t Gauge invariance E & B fields are unchanged if we take any function (x,t) on simultaneously A and via: A A t A t t The Lorentz condition can be converted to a wave equation.
29 7-6. Solution of wave equations The mathematical form of waves f (x, t =) t = t = t f x, t f xupt u p f 1 f x u t p x = u p t x : wave equation
30 Wave equation Simple wave x t y xt A A kx t T f, k, up T k, cos cos
31 Solution of wave equations from potentials t με ρ ε First consider a point charge at time t, (t)v, located at a origin. Except at the origin, (R) satisfies the following homogeneous equation ( = ): 1 Since R for spherical symmetry R,, R R R R t up v : Nonhomogeneous wave equation for scalar electric potential 1 R R R R t 1 Introducing a new varible, R, t UR, t R U U R UR, tu t or URupt, up R Thus, we can write in a form of R, t t u p 1 d' t R
32 Solution of wave equations t t R t The potential at R for a point charge is, R, t 4 R R t u p tr/ u Now consider a charge distribution over a volume. p tr/ u 4 R 1 R, t R/ up R, t d 4 R R, t R/ up ARt, d Wb/m 4 J R p R d d' R R R,t The potentials at a distance R from the source at time t depend on the values of and J at an earlier time (t- R/u) Retarded in time Time-varying charges and currents generate retarded scalar potential, retarded vector potential.
33 Source free wave equations Maxwell s equations in source-free non-conducting media (ε, μ, σ=). H E E, H=, E, H= t t Homogeneous wave equation for E & H. E E E = E H t E E H t t 1 E E up t In an entirely similar wa 1 H y, H up t
34 Review The use of Phasors Consider a RLC circuit di 1 L Ri idt t i t I t dt C, cos Phasor method (exponential representation) j jt jt cos Re Re s j jt jt Re Re s t t e e e i t I e e I e I s s e j j Ie (Scalar) phasors that contain amplitude and phase information but are independent of time t. If we use phasors in the RLC circuit, di Re jt, Re Is jt jise idt e dt j 1 R jl Is s C 1 it it () Re s / R jl e C
35 Time-harmonic Maxwell s & wave equations ector phasors. E H xyzt,,, ReE xy,, z jt xyz,,, t Re H x, y, z e e jt Time-harmonic (cos t) Maxwell s equations in terms of vector phasors D B E t B= D H= J t E E jh H H J j E
36 Time-harmonic Maxwell s & wave equations Time-harmonic wave equations (nonhomogeneous Helmholtz s equations) ( R, t) ( ) ( ) ( R) k ( R) ( R, t) t k wave number = u R j R ( Rt, ) ( R) A A( R) k A( R) J A J t p
37 Time-harmonic retarded potential Phasor form of retarded scalar potential R 1 4 R e R jkr d cos t kx e e e j tkx jt kx Phasor form of retarded vector potential. A R 4 J R e R jkr d Wb/m R When kr 1 jkr kr e 1 jkr... 1 R, static expressions(eq & Eq. 5-) AR
38 Time-harmonic retarded potential Example: Find the magnetic field intensity H and the value of β when = 9 E H z z E 9 1 (1/s) a y 9 zt, a 5cos1 t z /m 5e j z y 1 E j H z 1 j x y z a a a x y z j z 5e 1 a 5e 5 e a H ( z) a j 1 1 Ez H ay H xay 5 e j j z rad/m c j z j1z Hzax 5e ax.398e H a a jz jz x x x x z j z 9 zt, x 5e x.398cos1 t1z j z
39 The EM Waves in lossy media If a medium is conducting (σ ), a current J=σE will flow D H= J t H je j E j ce, j c complex permittivity j j When an external time-varying electric field is applied to material bodies, small displacements of bound charges result, giving rise to a volume density of polarization. This polarization vector will vary with the same frequency as that of the applied field. As the frequency increases, the inertia of the charged particles tends to prevent the particle displacements from keeping in phase with the field changes, leading to a frictional damping mechanism that causes power loss. This phenomenon of out of phase polarization can be characterized by a complex electric susceptibility and hence a complex permittivity. Loss tangent, δ c
40 The EM Waves in lossy media Loss tangent, δ c H j ce j E j j c tan c, c : loss angle E H= J j E t j c J Good conductor if >>1 E Good insulator if <<1 Moist ground : loss tangent ~ 1.81
41 The electromagnetic spectrum Spectrum of electromagnetic waves
Chapter 7. Time-Varying Fields and Maxwell s Equation
Chapter 7. Time-Varying Fields and Maxwell s Equation Electrostatic & Time Varying Fields Electrostatic fields E, D B, H =J D H 1 E B In the electrostatic model, electric field and magnetic fields are
More informationField and Wave Electromagnetic
Field and Wave Electromagnetic Chapter7 The time varying fields and Maxwell s equation Introduction () Time static fields ) Electrostatic E =, id= ρ, D= εe ) Magnetostatic ib=, H = J, H = B μ note) E and
More informationElectromagnetic Field Theory Chapter 9: Time-varying EM Fields
Electromagnetic Field Theory Chapter 9: Time-varying EM Fields Faraday s law of induction We have learned that a constant current induces magnetic field and a constant charge (or a voltage) makes an electric
More informationEELE 3332 Electromagnetic II Chapter 9. Maxwell s Equations. Islamic University of Gaza Electrical Engineering Department Dr.
EELE 3332 Electromagnetic II Chapter 9 Maxwell s Equations Islamic University of Gaza Electrical Engineering Department Dr. Talal Skaik 2012 1 Review Electrostatics and Magnetostatics Electrostatic Fields
More informationr r 1 r r 1 2 = q 1 p = qd and it points from the negative charge to the positive charge.
MP204, Important Equations page 1 Below is a list of important equations that we meet in our study of Electromagnetism in the MP204 module. For your exam, you are expected to understand all of these, and
More informationMagnetostatic fields! steady magnetic fields produced by steady (DC) currents or stationary magnetic materials.
ECE 3313 Electromagnetics I! Static (time-invariant) fields Electrostatic or magnetostatic fields are not coupled together. (one can exist without the other.) Electrostatic fields! steady electric fields
More informationKINGS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK
KINGS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK SUB.NAME : ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS SUBJECT CODE : EC 2253 YEAR / SEMESTER : II / IV UNIT- I - STATIC ELECTRIC
More informationEELE 3332 Electromagnetic II Chapter 9. Maxwell s Equations. Islamic University of Gaza Electrical Engineering Department Dr.
EELE 3332 Electromagnetic II Chapter 9 Maxwell s Equations Islamic University of Gaza Electrical Engineering Department Dr. Talal Skaik 2013 1 Review Electrostatics and Magnetostatics Electrostatic Fields
More informationDHANALAKSHMI SRINIVASAN INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY
DHANALAKSHMI SRINIVASAN INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY SIRUVACHUR-621113 ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS DEPARTMENT 2 MARK QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SUBJECT CODE: EE 6302 SUBJECT NAME: ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY
More informationUnit-1 Electrostatics-1
1. Describe about Co-ordinate Systems. Co-ordinate Systems Unit-1 Electrostatics-1 In order to describe the spatial variations of the quantities, we require using appropriate coordinate system. A point
More informationUNIT-III Maxwell's equations (Time varying fields)
UNIT-III Maxwell's equations (Time varying fields) Faraday s law, transformer emf &inconsistency of ampere s law Displacement current density Maxwell s equations in final form Maxwell s equations in word
More informationECE 6340 Intermediate EM Waves. Fall Prof. David R. Jackson Dept. of ECE. Notes 1
EE 6340 Intermediate EM Waves Fall 2016 Prof. David R. Jackson Dept. of EE Notes 1 1 Maxwell s Equations E D rt 2, V/m, rt, Wb/m T ( ) [ ] ( ) ( ) 2 rt, /m, H ( rt, ) [ A/m] B E = t (Faraday's Law) D H
More informationTECHNO INDIA BATANAGAR
TECHNO INDIA BATANAGAR ( DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING) QUESTION BANK- 2018 1.Vector Calculus Assistant Professor 9432183958.mukherjee@tib.edu.in 1. When the operator operates on
More informationELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD
UNIT-III INTRODUCTION: In our study of static fields so far, we have observed that static electric fields are produced by electric charges, static magnetic fields are produced by charges in motion or by
More informationUNIT I ELECTROSTATIC FIELDS
UNIT I ELECTROSTATIC FIELDS 1) Define electric potential and potential difference. 2) Name few applications of gauss law in electrostatics. 3) State point form of Ohm s Law. 4) State Divergence Theorem.
More informationELE 3310 Tutorial 10. Maxwell s Equations & Plane Waves
ELE 3310 Tutorial 10 Mawell s Equations & Plane Waves Mawell s Equations Differential Form Integral Form Faraday s law Ampere s law Gauss s law No isolated magnetic charge E H D B B D J + ρ 0 C C E r dl
More informationElectromagnetic Waves
Electromagnetic Waves Maxwell s equations predict the propagation of electromagnetic energy away from time-varying sources (current and charge) in the form of waves. Consider a linear, homogeneous, isotropic
More informationElectromagnetic Waves
Electromagnetic Waves Our discussion on dynamic electromagnetic field is incomplete. I H E An AC current induces a magnetic field, which is also AC and thus induces an AC electric field. H dl Edl J ds
More informationINSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING Dundigal, Hyderabad Electronics and Communicaton Engineering
INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING Dundigal, Hyderabad - 00 04 Electronics and Communicaton Engineering Question Bank Course Name : Electromagnetic Theory and Transmission Lines (EMTL) Course Code :
More informationMaxwell s Equations. In the previous chapters we saw the four fundamental equations governging electrostatics and magnetostatics. They are.
Maxwell s Equations Introduction In the previous chapters we saw the four fundamental equations governging electrostatics and magnetostatics. They are D = ρ () E = 0 (2) B = 0 (3) H = J (4) In the integral
More informationChap. 1 Fundamental Concepts
NE 2 Chap. 1 Fundamental Concepts Important Laws in Electromagnetics Coulomb s Law (1785) Gauss s Law (1839) Ampere s Law (1827) Ohm s Law (1827) Kirchhoff s Law (1845) Biot-Savart Law (1820) Faradays
More informationELECTROMAGNETISM. Second Edition. I. S. Grant W. R. Phillips. John Wiley & Sons. Department of Physics University of Manchester
ELECTROMAGNETISM Second Edition I. S. Grant W. R. Phillips Department of Physics University of Manchester John Wiley & Sons CHICHESTER NEW YORK BRISBANE TORONTO SINGAPORE Flow diagram inside front cover
More informationDHANALAKSHMI SRINIVASAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
DHANALAKSHMI SRINIVASAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK III SEMESTER EE 8391 ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY Regulation 2017 Academic Year
More informationCHAPTER 2. COULOMB S LAW AND ELECTRONIC FIELD INTENSITY. 2.3 Field Due to a Continuous Volume Charge Distribution
CONTENTS CHAPTER 1. VECTOR ANALYSIS 1. Scalars and Vectors 2. Vector Algebra 3. The Cartesian Coordinate System 4. Vector Cartesian Coordinate System 5. The Vector Field 6. The Dot Product 7. The Cross
More informationAntenna Theory (Engineering 9816) Course Notes. Winter 2016
Antenna Theory (Engineering 9816) Course Notes Winter 2016 by E.W. Gill, Ph.D., P.Eng. Unit 1 Electromagnetics Review (Mostly) 1.1 Introduction Antennas act as transducers associated with the region of
More informationElectromagnetic Waves Retarded potentials 2. Energy and the Poynting vector 3. Wave equations for E and B 4. Plane EM waves in free space
Electromagnetic Waves 1 1. Retarded potentials 2. Energy and the Poynting vector 3. Wave equations for E and B 4. Plane EM waves in free space 1 Retarded Potentials For volume charge & current = 1 4πε
More informationAntennas and Propagation. Chapter 2: Basic Electromagnetic Analysis
Antennas and Propagation : Basic Electromagnetic Analysis Outline Vector Potentials, Wave Equation Far-field Radiation Duality/Reciprocity Transmission Lines Antennas and Propagation Slide 2 Antenna Theory
More informationChapter 2 Basics of Electricity and Magnetism
Chapter 2 Basics of Electricity and Magnetism My direct path to the special theory of relativity was mainly determined by the conviction that the electromotive force induced in a conductor moving in a
More informationTime-Varying Systems; Maxwell s Equations
Time-Varying Systems; Maxwell s Equations 1. Faraday s law in differential form 2. Scalar and vector potentials; the Lorenz condition 3. Ampere s law with displacement current 4. Maxwell s equations 5.
More informationECE 107: Electromagnetism
ECE 107: Electromagnetism Set 7: Dynamic fields Instructor: Prof. Vitaliy Lomakin Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California, San Diego, CA 92093 1 Maxwell s equations Maxwell
More information송석호 ( 물리학과 )
http://optics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong 송석호 ( 물리학과 ) Field and Wave Electromagnetics, David K. Cheng Reviews on (Week 1). Vector Analysis 3. tatic Electric Fields (Week ) 4. olution of Electrostatic Problems
More informationCHAPTER 7 ELECTRODYNAMICS
CHAPTER 7 ELECTRODYNAMICS Outlines 1. Electromotive Force 2. Electromagnetic Induction 3. Maxwell s Equations Michael Faraday James C. Maxwell 2 Summary of Electrostatics and Magnetostatics ρ/ε This semester,
More information1 Fundamentals of laser energy absorption
1 Fundamentals of laser energy absorption 1.1 Classical electromagnetic-theory concepts 1.1.1 Electric and magnetic properties of materials Electric and magnetic fields can exert forces directly on atoms
More informationEECS 117. Lecture 17: Magnetic Forces/Torque, Faraday s Law. Prof. Niknejad. University of California, Berkeley
University of California, Berkeley EECS 117 Lecture 17 p. 1/? EECS 117 Lecture 17: Magnetic Forces/Torque, Faraday s Law Prof. Niknejad University of California, Berkeley University of California, Berkeley
More informationELE3310: Basic ElectroMagnetic Theory
A summary for the final examination EE Department The Chinese University of Hong Kong November 2008 Outline Mathematics 1 Mathematics Vectors and products Differential operators Integrals 2 Integral expressions
More informationA Brief Revision of Vector Calculus and Maxwell s Equations
A Brief Revision of Vector Calculus and Maxwell s Equations Debapratim Ghosh Electronic Systems Group Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay e-mail: dghosh@ee.iitb.ac.in
More informationRadiation Integrals and Auxiliary Potential Functions
Radiation Integrals and Auxiliary Potential Functions Ranga Rodrigo June 23, 2010 Lecture notes are fully based on Balanis [?]. Some diagrams and text are directly from the books. Contents 1 The Vector
More informationMaxwell's Equations and Conservation Laws
Maxwell's Equations and Conservation Laws 1 Reading: Jackson 6.1 through 6.4, 6.7 Ampère's Law, since identically. Although for magnetostatics, generally Maxwell suggested: Use Gauss's Law to rewrite continuity
More informationfiziks Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE in PHYSICAL SCIENCES
Content-ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM 1. Electrostatics (1-58) 1.1 Coulomb s Law and Superposition Principle 1.1.1 Electric field 1.2 Gauss s law 1.2.1 Field lines and Electric flux 1.2.2 Applications 1.3
More informationINSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING Dundigal, Hyderabad DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Course Name Course Code Class Branch INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING Dundigal, Hyderabad - 00 0 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING : Electro Magnetic fields : A00 : II B. Tech I
More informationtoroidal iron core compass switch battery secondary coil primary coil
Fundamental Laws of Electrostatics Integral form Differential form d l C S E 0 E 0 D d s V q ev dv D ε E D qev 1 Fundamental Laws of Magnetostatics Integral form Differential form C S dl S J d s B d s
More informationLecture notes for ELECTRODYNAMICS.
Lecture notes for 640-343 ELECTRODYNAMICS. 1 Summary of Electrostatics 1.1 Coulomb s Law Force between two point charges F 12 = 1 4πɛ 0 Q 1 Q 2ˆr 12 r 1 r 2 2 (1.1.1) 1.2 Electric Field For a charge distribution:
More informationELECTRO MAGNETIC FIELDS
SET - 1 1. a) State and explain Gauss law in differential form and also list the limitations of Guess law. b) A square sheet defined by -2 x 2m, -2 y 2m lies in the = -2m plane. The charge density on the
More informationAntennas and Propagation
Antennas and Propagation Ranga Rodrigo University of Moratuwa October 20, 2008 Compiled based on Lectures of Prof. (Mrs.) Indra Dayawansa. Ranga Rodrigo (University of Moratuwa) Antennas and Propagation
More informationFields, sources, forces,
Phys 208 Summary Fields, sources, forces, etc Applications Materials Math techniques Phys 208 Summary Fields, sources, forces, etc E and charge B and current Fields and forces Charge conservation Potentials
More informationElectromagnetic Theory PHYS 402. Electrodynamics. Ohm s law Electromotive Force Electromagnetic Induction Maxwell s Equations
Electromagnetic Theory PHYS 4 Electrodynamics Ohm s law Electromotive Force Electromagnetic Induction Maxwell s Equations 1 7.1.1 Ohms Law For the EM force Usually v is small so J = J = σ Current density
More informationUNIT-I Static Electric fields
UNIT-I Static Electric fields In this chapter we will discuss on the followings: Coulomb's Law Electric Field & Electric Flux Density Gauss's Law with Application Electrostatic Potential, Equipotential
More informationTheory of Electromagnetic Fields
Theory of Electromagnetic Fields Andrzej Wolski University of Liverpool, and the Cockcroft Institute, UK Abstract We discuss the theory of electromagnetic fields, with an emphasis on aspects relevant to
More informationEE6302 ELCTROMAGNETIC THEORY UNIT I ELECTROSTATICS I
13 EE630 ELCTROMAGNETIC THEORY UNIT I ELECTROSTATICS I 1. Define Scalar and Vector Scalar: Scalar is defined as a quantity that is characterized only by magnitude. Vector: Vector is defined as a quantity
More informationWhile the Gauss law forms for the static electric and steady magnetic field equations
Unit 2 Time-Varying Fields and Maxwell s Equations While the Gauss law forms for the static electric and steady magnetic field equations remain essentially unchanged for the case of time-varying fields,
More informationTransmission Lines and E. M. Waves Prof. R. K. Shevgaonkar Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay
Transmission Lines and E. M. Waves Prof. R. K. Shevgaonkar Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay Lecture 18 Basic Laws of Electromagnetics We saw in the earlier lecture
More informationYell if you have any questions
Class 36: Outline Hour 1: Concept Review / Overview PRS Questions Possible Exam Questions Hour : Sample Exam Yell if you have any questions P36-1 Before Starting All of your grades should now be posted
More informationI.3.5 Ringing. Ringing=Unwanted oscillations of voltage and/or current
I.3.5 Ringing Ringing=Unwanted oscillations of voltage and/or current Ringing is caused b multiple reflections. The original wave is reflected at the load, this reflection then gets reflected back at the
More informationEECS 117 Lecture 19: Faraday s Law and Maxwell s Eq.
University of California, Berkeley EECS 117 Lecture 19 p. 1/2 EECS 117 Lecture 19: Faraday s Law and Maxwell s Eq. Prof. Niknejad University of California, Berkeley University of California, Berkeley EECS
More informationMagnetostatic Fields. Dr. Talal Skaik Islamic University of Gaza Palestine
Magnetostatic Fields Dr. Talal Skaik Islamic University of Gaza Palestine 01 Introduction In chapters 4 to 6, static electric fields characterized by E or D (D=εE) were discussed. This chapter considers
More informationNotes: Most of the material presented in this chapter is taken from Jackson, Chap. 5.
Chapter. Magnetostatics Notes: Most of the material presented in this chapter is taken from Jackson, Chap. 5..1 Introduction Just as the electric field vector E is the basic quantity in electrostatics,
More informationRelevant Electrostatics and Magnetostatics (Old and New)
Unit 1 Relevant Electrostatics and Magnetostatics (Old and New) The whole of classical electrodynamics is encompassed by a set of coupled partial differential equations (at least in one form) bearing the
More informationYell if you have any questions
Class 36: Outline Hour 1: Concept Review / Overview PRS Questions Possible Exam Questions Hour : Sample Exam Yell if you have any questions P36-1 efore Starting All of your grades should now be posted
More informationBasics of Electromagnetics Maxwell s Equations (Part - I)
Basics of Electromagnetics Maxwell s Equations (Part - I) Soln. 1. C A. dl = C. d S [GATE 1994: 1 Mark] A. dl = A. da using Stoke s Theorem = S A. ds 2. The electric field strength at distant point, P,
More informationChapter 1 Mathematical Foundations
Computational Electromagnetics; Chapter 1 1 Chapter 1 Mathematical Foundations 1.1 Maxwell s Equations Electromagnetic phenomena can be described by the electric field E, the electric induction D, the
More informationElectromagnetic Field Theory (EMT) Lecture # 25
Electromagnetic Field Theory (EMT) Lecture # 25 1) Transformer and Motional EMFs 2) Displacement Current 3) Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Waves & Applications Time Varying Fields Until now, we have
More informationDynamic Fields, Maxwell s Equations (Chapter 6)
Dynamic Fields, Maxwell s Equations (Chapter 6) So far, we have studied static electric and magnetic fields. In the real world, however, nothing is static. Static fields are only approximations when the
More informationUNIT-I Static Electric fields
UNIT-I Static Electric fields In this chapter we will discuss on the followings: Coulomb's Law Electric Field & Electric Flux Density Gauss's Law with Application Electrostatic Potential, Equipotential
More informationMaxwell s Equations:
Course Instructor Dr. Raymond C. Rumpf Office: A-337 Phone: (915) 747-6958 E-Mail: rcrumpf@utep.edu Maxwell s Equations: Terms & Definitions EE-3321 Electromagnetic Field Theory Outline Maxwell s Equations
More informationECE 6340 Fall Homework 2. Please do the following problems (you may do the others for practice if you wish): Probs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 12
ECE 634 Fall 16 Homework Please do the following problems (you may do the others for practice if you wish: Probs. 1,, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 1, 1 1 Consider two parallel infinite wires in free space each carrying
More informationElectromagnetism. 1 ENGN6521 / ENGN4521: Embedded Wireless
Electromagnetism 1 ENGN6521 / ENGN4521: Embedded Wireless Radio Spectrum use for Communications 2 ENGN6521 / ENGN4521: Embedded Wireless 3 ENGN6521 / ENGN4521: Embedded Wireless Electromagnetism I Gauss
More informationLast time. Gauss' Law: Examples (Ampere's Law)
Last time Gauss' Law: Examples (Ampere's Law) 1 Ampere s Law in Magnetostatics iot-savart s Law can be used to derive another relation: Ampere s Law The path integral of the dot product of magnetic field
More informationMaxwell s equations and EM waves. From previous Lecture Time dependent fields and Faraday s Law
Maxwell s equations and EM waves This Lecture More on Motional EMF and Faraday s law Displacement currents Maxwell s equations EM Waves From previous Lecture Time dependent fields and Faraday s Law 1 Radar
More informationGeneral review: - a) Dot Product
General review: - a) Dot Product If θ is the angle between the vectors a and b, then a b = a b cos θ NOTE: Two vectors a and b are orthogonal, if and only if a b = 0. Properties of the Dot Product If a,
More informationUniform Plane Waves Page 1. Uniform Plane Waves. 1 The Helmholtz Wave Equation
Uniform Plane Waves Page 1 Uniform Plane Waves 1 The Helmholtz Wave Equation Let s rewrite Maxwell s equations in terms of E and H exclusively. Let s assume the medium is lossless (σ = 0). Let s also assume
More informationPhysics GRE: Electromagnetism. G. J. Loges 1. University of Rochester Dept. of Physics & Astronomy. xkcd.com/567/
Physics GRE: Electromagnetism G. J. Loges University of Rochester Dept. of Physics & stronomy xkcd.com/567/ c Gregory Loges, 206 Contents Electrostatics 2 Magnetostatics 2 3 Method of Images 3 4 Lorentz
More informationEngineering Electromagnetic Fields and Waves
CARL T. A. JOHNK Professor of Electrical Engineering University of Colorado, Boulder Engineering Electromagnetic Fields and Waves JOHN WILEY & SONS New York Chichester Brisbane Toronto Singapore CHAPTER
More informationLecture 2. Introduction to FEM. What it is? What we are solving? Potential formulation Why? Boundary conditions
Introduction to FEM What it is? What we are solving? Potential formulation Why? Boundary conditions Lecture 2 Notation Typical notation on the course: Bolded quantities = matrices (A) and vectors (a) Unit
More informationPart IB Electromagnetism
Part IB Electromagnetism Theorems Based on lectures by D. Tong Notes taken by Dexter Chua Lent 2015 These notes are not endorsed by the lecturers, and I have modified them (often significantly) after lectures.
More informationChapter 5: Static Magnetic Fields
Chapter 5: Static Magnetic Fields 5-8. Behavior of Magnetic Materials 5-9. Boundary Conditions for Magnetostatic Fields 5-10. Inductances and Inductors 5-8 Behavior of Magnetic Materials Magnetic materials
More informationElectromagnetic Waves For fast-varying phenomena, the displacement current cannot be neglected, and the full set of Maxwell s equations must be used
Electromagnetic Waves For fast-varying phenomena, the displacement current cannot be neglected, and the full set of Maxwell s equations must be used B( t) E = dt D t H = J+ t D =ρ B = 0 D=εE B=µ H () F
More informationSliding Conducting Bar
Motional emf, final For equilibrium, qe = qvb or E = vb A potential difference is maintained between the ends of the conductor as long as the conductor continues to move through the uniform magnetic field
More informationYell if you have any questions
Class 31: Outline Hour 1: Concept Review / Overview PRS Questions possible exam questions Hour : Sample Exam Yell if you have any questions P31 1 Exam 3 Topics Faraday s Law Self Inductance Energy Stored
More informationUNIT-I INTRODUCTION TO COORDINATE SYSTEMS AND VECTOR ALGEBRA
SIDDHARTH GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS :: PUTTUR Siddharth Nagar, Narayanavanam Road 517583 QUESTION BANK (DESCRIPTIVE) Subject with Code : EMF(16EE214) Sem: II-B.Tech & II-Sem Course & Branch: B.Tech - EEE Year
More informationElectromagnetism and Maxwell s Equations
Chapter 4. Electromagnetism and Maxwell s Equations Notes: Most of the material presented in this chapter is taken from Jackson Chap. 6. 4.1 Maxwell s Displacement Current Of the four equations derived
More informationChapter Three: Propagation of light waves
Chapter Three Propagation of Light Waves CHAPTER OUTLINE 3.1 Maxwell s Equations 3.2 Physical Significance of Maxwell s Equations 3.3 Properties of Electromagnetic Waves 3.4 Constitutive Relations 3.5
More informationELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AND WAVES
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AND WAVES MAGDY F. ISKANDER Professor of Electrical Engineering University of Utah Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 07632 CONTENTS PREFACE VECTOR ANALYSIS AND MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS IN
More information1 Fundamentals. 1.1 Overview. 1.2 Units: Physics 704 Spring 2018
Physics 704 Spring 2018 1 Fundamentals 1.1 Overview The objective of this course is: to determine and fields in various physical systems and the forces and/or torques resulting from them. The domain of
More informationExam 3 Topics. Displacement Current Poynting Vector. Faraday s Law Self Inductance. Circuits. Energy Stored in Inductor/Magnetic Field
Exam 3 Topics Faraday s Law Self Inductance Energy Stored in Inductor/Magnetic Field Circuits LR Circuits Undriven (R)LC Circuits Driven RLC Circuits Displacement Current Poynting Vector NO: B Materials,
More informationPrinciples of Physics II
Principles of Physics II J. M. Veal, Ph. D. version 18.05.4 Contents 1 Fluid Mechanics 3 1.1 Fluid pressure............................ 3 1. Buoyancy.............................. 3 1.3 Fluid flow..............................
More informationChapter 5. Magnetostatics
Chapter 5. Magnetostatics 5.1 The Lorentz Force Law 5.1.1 Magnetic Fields Consider the forces between charges in motion Attraction of parallel currents and Repulsion of antiparallel ones: How do you explain
More informationVALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur 603 203 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK III SEMESTER EE 8391 ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY Regulation 2017 Academic
More informationWorked Examples Set 2
Worked Examples Set 2 Q.1. Application of Maxwell s eqns. [Griffiths Problem 7.42] In a perfect conductor the conductivity σ is infinite, so from Ohm s law J = σe, E = 0. Any net charge must be on the
More informationElectromagnetic Induction (Chapters 31-32)
Electromagnetic Induction (Chapters 31-3) The laws of emf induction: Faraday s and Lenz s laws Inductance Mutual inductance M Self inductance L. Inductors Magnetic field energy Simple inductive circuits
More informationElectrical polarization. Figure 19-5 [1]
Electrical polarization Figure 19-5 [1] Properties of Charge Two types: positive and negative Like charges repel, opposite charges attract Charge is conserved Fundamental particles with charge: electron
More informationChapter 31: Electromagnetic Induction and Faraday s Law All sections covered.
About Exam 3 When and where (same as before) Monday Nov. 22 rd 5:30-7:00 pm Bascom 272: Sections 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 311,322, 327, 329 Ingraham B10: Sections 306, 307, 312, 321, 323, 324, 325, 328,
More informationMagnetism is associated with charges in motion (currents):
Electrics Electromagnetism Electromagnetism Magnetism is associated with charges in motion (currents): microscopic currents in the atoms of magnetic materials. macroscopic currents in the windings of an
More informationCHETTINAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY NH-67, TRICHY MAIN ROAD, PULIYUR, C.F , KARUR DT.
CHETTINAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY NH-67, TRICHY MAIN ROAD, PULIYUR, C.F. 639 114, KARUR DT. DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING COURSE MATERIAL Subject Name: Electromagnetic
More informationElectromagnetism. Christopher R Prior. ASTeC Intense Beams Group Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
lectromagnetism Christopher R Prior Fellow and Tutor in Mathematics Trinity College, Oxford ASTeC Intense Beams Group Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Contents Review of Maxwell s equations and Lorentz Force
More informationClass 3: Electromagnetism
Class 3: Electromagnetism In this class we will apply index notation to the familiar field of electromagnetism, and discuss its deep connection with relativity Class 3: Electromagnetism At the end of this
More informationST.JOSEPH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,DEPARTMENT OF ECE
EC6403 -ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS CLASS/SEM: II ECE/IV SEM UNIT I - STATIC ELECTRIC FIELD Part A - Two Marks 1. Define scalar field? A field is a system in which a particular physical function has a value
More informationEELE 3332 Electromagnetic II Chapter 11. Transmission Lines. Islamic University of Gaza Electrical Engineering Department Dr.
EEE 333 Electromagnetic II Chapter 11 Transmission ines Islamic University of Gaza Electrical Engineering Department Dr. Talal Skaik 1 1 11.1 Introduction Wave propagation in unbounded media is used in
More informationCourse no. 4. The Theory of Electromagnetic Field
Cose no. 4 The Theory of Electromagnetic Field Technical University of Cluj-Napoca http://www.et.utcluj.ro/cs_electromagnetics2006_ac.htm http://www.et.utcluj.ro/~lcret March 19-2009 Chapter 3 Magnetostatics
More informationMaxwell s Equations:
Course Instructor Dr. Raymond C. Rumpf Office: A-337 Phone: (915) 747-6958 E-Mail: rcrumpf@utep.edu Maxwell s Equations: Physical Interpretation EE-3321 Electromagnetic Field Theory Outline Maxwell s Equations
More information3 Constitutive Relations: Macroscopic Properties of Matter
EECS 53 Lecture 3 c Kamal Sarabandi Fall 21 All rights reserved 3 Constitutive Relations: Macroscopic Properties of Matter As shown previously, out of the four Maxwell s equations only the Faraday s and
More information