Chap 8. State Feedback and State Estimators

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1 Chap 8. State Feedback and State Estimators

2 Outlines Introduction State feedback Regulation and tracking State estimator Feedback from estimated states State feedback-multivariable case State estimators-multivariable case Feedback from estimated states-multivariable case 2

3 1. Introduction Use controllability and observability Control design

4 2. State Feedback Single-variable system Input with negative state feedback Closed-loop

5 2. State Feedback Theorem 8.1

6 2. State Feedback Remark

7 2. State Feedback

8 2. State Feedback

9 2. State Feedback The power of state feedback

10 2. State Feedback Theorem 8.2

11 2. State Feedback

12 2. State Feedback Theorem 8.3

13 2. State Feedback

14 2. State Feedback Feedback transfer function Plant (A, b, c) With negative feedback bk Numerators are the same.

15 2. State Feedback

16 2. State Feedback

17 2. State Feedback Matlab command: place How to select the desired eigenvalues According to performance criteria Rise time Settling time Overshoot Desired regions

18 2. State Feedback: solving Lyap. Eq A different method to computing feedback gain However, new eigenvalues cannot contain any original eigenvalues of A Procedure

19 2. State Feedback: solving Lyap. Eq Justification Theorem 8.4

20 2. State Feedback: solving Lyap. Eq

21 2. State Feedback: solving Lyap. Eq

22 2. State Feedback: solving Lyap. Eq

23 2. State Feedback: solving Lyap. Eq

24 3. Regulation and Tracking Regulation Reference r is 0, and the response is caused by some nonzero initial conditions Find a state feedback gain so that the response will die out at a desired rate Tracking Reference r is a constant a (more generally, a varying signal a(t)) Find a state feedback gain so that the response will approach a when t goes to infinity

25 3. Regulation and Tracking Plant (A, b, c) Regulation u = r-kx, (A-bk, b, c) Response: Tracking u = pr-kx, p is the feedforword gain TF: p:

26 3. Regulation and Tracking: stabilization Uncontrollable system State feedback Closed-loop

27 4. State Estimator State feedback requires all states are available, which may not be the case in practice State estimator / observer, will generate the estimate of the state

28 4. State Estimator Open-loop estimator System Duplication (if A and b are known) If tow systems have the same initial state Initial state can be computed, if original system is observable Thus, if original system is observable, open-loop estimator can be used 28

29 4. State Estimator Closed-loop estimator y is used in closed-loop estimator the output difference will be used to correct the estimated state or 29

30 4. State Estimator Define 30

31 4. State Estimator 31

32 4. State Estimator Theorem 8.O3 Justification Solving Lyapunov Equation: a different design 32

33 4. State Estimator Procedure 8.O1 33

34 4. State Estimator Justification 34

35 4. State Estimator: reduced dimension Basic idea Procedure 8.R1 35

36 4. State Estimator: reduced dimension Justification Theorem

37 4. State Estimator: reduced dimension 37

38 4. State Estimator: reduced dimension 38

39 4. State Estimator: reduced dimension 39

40 5. Feedback from Estimated States System Feedback from estimated states 40

41 5. Feedback from Estimated States 3 concerns Consider the system

42 5. Feedback from Estimated States Using equivalence transformation

43 5. Feedback from Estimated States Observation

44 6. State Feedback-Multivariable Case p-input State feedback K is p-by-n Theorem 8.M1

45 6. State Feedback-Multivariable Case Theorem 8.M3 Cyclic design Change the multi-input problem into a single-input problem Cyclic matrix: if its characteristic polynomial equals its minimal polynomial A is cyclic iff the Jordan form of A has one and only one Jordan block associated with each distinct eigenvalue

46 6. State Feedback-Multivariable Case Theorem 8.7 Justification

47 6. State Feedback-Multivariable Case

48 6. State Feedback-Multivariable Case Theorem 8.8 Justification

49 6. State Feedback-Multivariable Case

50 6. State Feedback-Multivariable Case An example

51 6. State Feedback-Multivariable Case State feedback cyclic design

52 6. State Feedback-Multivariable Case Lyapunov-Equation Method: extend the Lyapunov procedure to multivariable case Procedure 8.M1 Justification

53 6. State Feedback-Multivariable Case Theorem 8.M4

54 7. State Estimators-Multivariable Case n-dimensional p-input q-output system Full dimension estimator Error and error dynamics

55 7. State Estimators-Multivariable Case Reduced-dimensional estimators Procedure 8.MR1

56 7. State Estimators-Multivariable Case Justification

57 7. State Estimators-Multivariable Case Theorem 8.M6

58 8. Feedback from Estimated States- Multivariable case System Estimator Partition the inverse of P

59 8. Feedback from Estimated States- Multivariable case

60 8. Feedback from Estimated States- Multivariable case

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