Quantum optics and optomechanics

Transcription

1 Quantum optics and optomechanics 740nm optomechanical crystals LIGO mirror AMO: Alligator nanophotonic waveguide quantum electro-mechanics Oskar Painter, Jeff Kimble, Keith Schwab, Rana Adhikari, Yanbei Chen, Kerry Vahala, and Andrei Faraon California Institute of Technology 3/27/2014

2 Optomechanics some context W. Heisenberg K. Thorne LIGO mirror LIGO Precision measurement (quantum limits, weak classical forces, gravity waves, etc.) S. Chu AFM; Rohrer and Binnig MEMS/NEMS (sensing, RF comm., photonics, etc.) Laser and Atomic Physics (optical forces, ultra-cold states of matter, etc.) D. Wineland D. Rugar, single spin detector microtoroid Nichols and Hull A. Ashkin T. Hansch

3 cavity-optomechanics: scale and geometry canonical mirror on a spring system diffraction limit Optical NEMS? (sub)-picogram mass GHz frequencies

4 Cavity-optomechanical circuits J. Chan, et. al, Nature, v478, pg (2011) printable circuits for photons and phonons formed in the thin-film surface layer of a microchip Independent routing of acoustic and optical waves Strong localization of acoustic and optical energy leading to large radiation pressure effects

5 1D-OMC experiments Electromagnetically induced transparency/amplification (EIT/EIA) and slow light [1] Optical delay ~50 ns (advance ~1.4µs) [2] Chan et al., Laser cooling of a nanomechanical oscillator into its quantum ground state, Nature 2011 Ground-state cooling [2] Quantum zero-point motion [3] 40% asymmetry in Stokes/Anti-Stokes scattering sideband at 2.6 ± 0.2 phonon occupancy Coherent wavelength conversion [4] 93(2)% internal (external) conversion efficiency between 1400 nm and 1500 nm telecom wavelength bands Optical squeezing [5] Modest squeezing of ~5% below shot-noise demonstrated by reflecting coherent laser light off of a silicon micromechanical resonator [1] Safavi-Naeini, Alegre et al., Electromagnetically Induced Transparency and Slow Light with Optomechanics, Nature 2011 [3] Safavi-Naeini et al., Observation of quantum motion of a nanomechanical resonator, Phys. Rev. Lett [4] Hill et al., Coherent wavelength conversion via cavity-optomechanics, Nature Communications 2012 [5] Safavi-Naeini et al., Squeezed light from a Silicon micromechanical resonator, in press 2013

6 Optomechanical Metamaterials from 2D OMCs Dirac-like polaritons Synthetic gauge field

7 The Quantum Internet H. Jeff Kimble, The Quantum Internet, Nature (2008) Distribution of quantum entanglement Teleportation of quantum states between distant nodes Relies on an efficient quantum interconnect

8 Superconducting Microwave Quantum Circuits Les Houches Lecture Series, Superconducting Qubits and the Physics of Josephson Junctions, J. M. Martinis and K. Osborne; Phys. Scr., Circuit QED and engineering charge-based superconducting qubits, S M Girvin, M H Devoret and R J Schoelkopf Josephson Junction SC I SC atomic cavity-qed Cirquit-QED

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10 Why mechanics as an electro-optical interface? Because it works already for microwave photons And more recently for optical photons

11 Si3N4 Through Chip Membrane Devices Etch through Si wafer leaving 300 nm thick Si 3 N 4 membrane Transmission Line Drastic reduction of C s : 12 ff (meander) 2.5 ff 12 GHz Si 3 N 4 : High resistivity, small loss tangent, high stress, high Q m and Q o, v- groove fiber-chip coupling 64 LC circuits & SiN nanobeams on 4 membranes

12 Coil on a Membrane Circuit < 50 nm capacitor slots 500 MHz breathing mode

13 Ultimately we need to do this cold (and efficiently) cold Fiber coupling η~0.88 Single-sided coupling efficient free-space coupler Coupling waveguide Small slot-gaps <50nm 5 µm 1D-OMC cavity

14 Quantum Optics & Atomic Physics with 1-d Photonic Crystals Large atom-photon interaction Strong coupling in cqed Wave-vector engineering Enhanced atom-photon coupling near the photonic band edge Long-range atom-atom interactions mediated by photons Quantum many-body physics for internal & external degrees of freedom Precision vacuum-force measurements

15 Building Blocks for Scalable Quantum Information Processing* High fidelity quantum bus for state transfer & entanglement distribution Nano-photonic waveguide Creation of arbitrary quantum state ψ for the atomic spin chain Coherent mapping of atomic spin state ψ to and from propagating optical fields *D. Chang, L. Jiang, A. Gorshkov & H.J. Kimble, New J. Phys (2012)

16 Atom-Light Interactions in Photonic Crystals A. Goban, C.-L. Hung, S.-P. Yu, J. Hood, J. Muniz, J. H. Lee, M. Martin, A. McClung, K. Choi, D. Chang, O. Painter & J. Kimble arxiv: An integrated nanophotonic optical circuit for atomic physics, quantum optics, and quantum information science

17 Atom-Light Interactions in Photonic Crystals A. Goban, C.-L. Hung, S.-P. Yu, J. Hood, J. Muniz, J. H. Lee, M. Martin, A. McClung, K. Choi, D. Chang, O. Painter & J. Kimble arxiv: SEM of APCW Alligator Photonic Crystal Waveguide Band diagram calculated from SEM 250nm Measured reflection spectrum for APCW - Band structure in good agreement with our reflection measurements

18 Cold atom device loading into the Alligator PCW N i ~ 10 7 Cs atoms at ρ ~ 2x10 11 /cm 3 T ~ 20μK Optical fiber butt-coupled to SiN device 740nm SiN device 1-d photonic crystal waveguide 1 mm N f ~ 10 6 Cs atoms at ρ ~ 2x10 10 /cm 3 T ~ 20μK atom-light coupling Jae Lee Juan Muniz Andrew McClung Mike Martin Aki Goban Chen-Lung Hung Jonathan Hood Su-Peng Yu

19 Model and Measurement for Reflection Spectra Alligator Photonic Crystal Waveguide APCW

20 Atom-induced cavities and tunable long-range interactions between atoms trapped near photonic crystals J. Douglass, H. Habibian, A. Gorshkov, J. Kimble & D. Chang, arxiv: Towards functional quantum memories for trapped atoms in photonic crystal waveguides (PCW) Cavity QED without mirrors all-atom cqed with dynamic tuning of cavity and atomic interactions Extend to lambda and butterfly atomic level schemes Design diverse spin-spin interaction Hamiltonians Tailor functional form for interaction: H I ~ 1/r α (e.g., with α =1 Coulomb interaction)

21 Quantum optics and optomechanics 740nm optomechanical crystals LIGO mirror AMO: Alligator nanophotonic waveguide quantum electro-mechanics Oskar Painter, Jeff Kimble, Keith Schwab, Rana Adhikari, Yanbei Chen, Kerry Vahala, and Andrei Faraon California Institute of Technology 3/27/2014

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