CHEM 101 Exam 3. Page 1. November 5, 2001

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1 Form 2 (Ivory) November 5, 2001 Page 1 This exam consists of 8 pages. When the exam begins make sure you have one of each. Print your name at the top of each page now The last page is blank and you may tear if off and use it for scratch paper. Show your work on calculations, this is the only way partial credit can be given. Be sure to include units on calculations, and give answer to the correct number of significant figures. When a blank is not provided make sure you place a box around the correct answer. The exam is 100 points and 50 minutes. Page If anything confuses you or is not clear, raise your hand and ask! Total USEFUL INFORMATION Avogadro s number = x Mass of the electron = x kg Planck s constant h = x J s Speed of light c = x 10 8 m/s Pi = π = Rydberg constant = R H = x J Thermodynamic relationships: E = q + w w = -P V q = (mass)(specific heat)( T) q = (number of moles)(molar heat capacity) T Hess Law: H o rxn = Σn p H o f(products) - Σn r H o f(reactants) Electromagnetic radiation: λν = c E = hν Bohr Model for one electron atoms: E n = (-R H )(Z 2 /n 2 ) de Broglie postulate (v = velocity): λ = h/p p = mv Heisenberg uncertainty principle: x p h/4π

2 Page ) For the following processes determine q, w, and E. The following conversion may be useful: J = L atm a) A 10.0 g piece of metal with a specific heat of J/g o C is heated from 5 o C to 60 o C at a constant pressure of 1.00 atm and at constant volume. Circle One: Exothermic Endothermic b) 1 mole of gas with a molar heat capacity of 10.6 J/mol o C is compressed from 4.00 L to 2.00 L with a constant pressure of 1.00 atm and is accompanied by a temperature increase of 35 o C. Circle One: Exothermic Endothermic

3 Page ) Bowman Aviation Rocket Fuels (B.A.R.F.) has just hired you as their bright new chemist. Your first assignment is to determine which of the following compounds is the least expensive rocket fuel (i.e., the biggest bang for the buck ). The two fuels of interest are hydrazine and dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Compound Formula Molar mass (g/mol) H o f (kj./mol) Hydrazine (l) N 2 H DMH (l) C 2 N 2 H The balanced combustion reactions are as follows. Hydrazine: DMH: N 2 H 4 (l) + O 2 (g)! N 2 (g) + 2 H 2 O(l) C 2 N 2 H 8 (l) + 4 O 2 (g)! 3 N 2 (g) + 2 CO 2 (g) + 4 H 2 O(l) a) Determine the H o rxn in kj for both the hydrazine and DMH rocket fuels given the data below. Compound H o f (kj/mol) CO 2 (g) H 2 O(l) b) Since rocket fuels are sold by mass, determine the H rxn for each fuel for gram consumed. c) If the price is approximately the same per gram for both of these materials, which is the better deal? Briefly explain why.

4 10 1) Photodissociation of water Page 4 H 2 O(l) + photon! H 2 (g) + ½O 2 (g) has been suggested as a source of hydrogen gas. The H rxn = kj per mole of water. a) Calculate the maximum wavelength (in nm) that would provide the necessary energy for this reaction. b) In principle is it possible to use sunlight as a source of energy for this process? Explain. 10 4) One prominent visible line in the emission spectrum of excited H atoms occurs at nm (green). This transition ends up in the n = 2 state, i.e., the n final = 2. Calculate the quantum number that corresponds to the initial state of the H-atom for this emission, i.e., calculate the n initial value for the transition.

5 Page 5 8 5) In electron microscopy the wave-like properties of electrons are used to determine the structure of materials on an atomic scale (< 1 nm). The resolution (how small an object the microscope can see ) is determined by the wavelength and the uncertainty in position of the electrons. a) To get an electron beam with a wavelength of 1.00 nm, what velocity of the electrons is necessary? b) What is the minimum uncertainty in the velocity, v, necessary to achieve an uncertainty in position, x = 0.10 nm? 10 6) For the following 10 questions circle the best of the three choices: a) highest first ionization energy Se S Te b) smallest radius Cl - Br - F - c) lowest electron affinity Ba Sr Cs d) largest first ionization energy O S F e) lowest second ionization energy Ar K Ca

6 Page 6 f) greatest number of unpaired electrons Fe Co Ni g) largest radius S 2- Cl - Cl h) highest first ionization energy C N O i) highest electron affinity P S Cl j) smallest atomic radius Sn I Bi 10 7) Atoms or ions with unpaired electrons are said to be paramagnetic and those where all the electrons are paired are said to be diamagnetic. Paramagnetic compounds are attracted by a magnet and diamagnetic compounds are repelled by a magnet. For the following species, write down the electronic configuration (you are allowed to use shorthand notation if you like). Use the box notation to represent the valence electrons and state whether it is paramagnetic or diamagnetic. a) Li b) S c) K + d) B e) V 3+

7 Page ) Name the following orbitals. Give an example of an atom that definitely contains this type of orbital. 6 9) Imagine that the nucleus of a hydrogen atom is at the origin (zero point) of an x, y, z graph. a) Assume you move along the x-axis to a distance d away from the nucleus; the probability of finding the 1s electron at x = d is found to be Is the probability of finding the electron at y = d greater than, equal to, or less than Explain your answer. b) What is the probability of finding a 2p z electron at the origin (x = 0, y = 0, and z = 0)? What is the name of this point? Explain your answer.

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