Chapter 1. Introduction

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Chapter 1. Introduction"

Transcription

1 I. Classical Physics Chater 1. Introduction Classical Mechanics (Newton): It redicts the motion of classical articles with elegance and accuracy. d F ma, mv F: force a: acceleration : momentum q: osition dq m Particle travels in a trajectory q(t), (t) with well-defined energy: E dv ( q) + V ( q), F -. m dq Translation Zero force (F 0), initial momentum 0 so d 0, 0. 0 E m 1

2 Rotation Angular momentum J Iω ω: angular velocity I mr : moment of inertia dj F T F T : torque force. For constant torque, J ( t) J + F t, 0 J ( J0 + FT t) E. I I Vibration (Harmonic oscillator) Hook s law: F -kq, k: force constant q: dislacement T Potential energy:

3 1 V ( q) Fdq ( kq) dq kq Newton s equation d q m F kq Solutions: q Asinωt, ω ( k/m) 1/ dq m mωacosωt E + V m ( mωacosωt) m mω A mω A 1 k( Asinωt) [(cosωt) + (sinωt) ] ka + When ωt 0, q 0 and max mωa When ωt π/, 0 and q q max A 3

4 Classical Electrodynamics (Maxwell): The four equations secify roerties of electromagnetic wave. Light is an electromagnetic wave with a seed of light with oscillating electric and magnetic fields. λν c λ: wavelength (cm) ν: frequency (Hz s -1 ) c: seed of light ( cm/s) γ-ray x-ray UV visible IR radio wave λ ν II. Failures of classical hysics So in classical world, there is either wave or article. The two never mix. But this was about the change. Several exerimental observations around 1900 rovided critical tests of the classical theory and gave birth to the new quantum mechanics. Blackbody radiation: Blackbody is an object that absorbs and emits at all frequencies. A good examle is a cavity with a inhole. A ractical examle is a heated metal or the sun. Observations: 4

5 indeendent of material radiation has continuous sectrum and a eak sectral eak changes with temerature Wien's dislacement law (emirical): c λ max, c 5T 1.44 cm K Examle: Calc. T of the sun (λ max 480 nm) c nm K T 6000K 5 λ 5 480nm max 7 Rayleigh-Jeans law (classical electrodynamics theory) ρ 8πkT 4 λ ρ: energy density k: Boltzmann constant ( J/K) Assumtion: blackbody consists of a collection of oscillators with arbitrary energies. Fits the exerimental curve well at long wavelengths, But when λ 0, ρ (ultraviolet catastrohe). Planck's distribution (1900, henomenological): 5

6 ρ 8πhc λ e 1 5 hc / λkt 1 Assumtion: energies of oscillators are quantized! E nhν nhc/λ h : Planck's constant ( Js) When λ 0, ρ 0. 8πkT When hc / λ kt << 1, ρ 4. ( e x 1 + x) λ The hotoelectric effect (1887 Hertz) Observations: No e- if ν < ν t even at high light intensity. Above ν t, # of e - increases with light intensity. Emit e- if ν > ν t even at low light intensity. Kinetic energy of e- linearly roortional to ν. Classically, e- emission roortional to light intensity, not ν. Einstein s theory (1905, quantization of radiation field) 6

7 1 υ m e hν Φ Work function (E min for e- escae) Φ hν t. Light is made of articles called hotons, each with E hν! Electron diffraction (197, Davisson and Germer) Diffraction of e- beam on crystal surfaces Classically, e- cannot interfere because it is a article. Conclusions: i. electron is wave-like (interference). ii. its λ is comarable to lattice size. de Broglie wave (193): For hoton: so E mc hν hc mc λ ( λν c ) h λ ( mc) 7

8 Matter-wave dualism: hoton and other quantum objects have both wave and article nature. Classical object Quantum object Light : electromagnetic wave hoton and electromagnetic wave Electron: article electron and matter wave Examle: Calculate de Broglie wavelength for an e- accelerated from rest thru a otential difference of 1.5 kv Kinetic energy and momentum m e υ / eδφ or υ (eδφ/m e ) 1/ m υ e (m e eδφ) 1/ de Broglie wavelength λ h/ 1/ h / (m e eδφ) [( Js kg)( C)( V )] m nm Crystal lattice const. is arox 0.1 nm, so e- can be diffracted / 8

9 Atomic sectrum In 1909, Rutherford established the lanetary model for atoms. However, this model redicts an unstable atom since accelerate charges (electrons) emit radiation according to classical theory, thus they lose energy and will eventually collase. The classical model also redicts continuous sectra. Observations: Stable atoms Line sectrum Bohr s atom model (1911) Assume electron moves in an orbital associated with quantized energy. Transitions between orbitals corresond to absortion or emission hν E n - E m but it did not exlain why. Summary: classical theory is inadequate in describing microscoic world quantum objects have both wave and article nature quantum objects often have discrete energies 9

Chapter 1. From Classical to Quantum Mechanics

Chapter 1. From Classical to Quantum Mechanics Chapter 1. From Classical to Quantum Mechanics Classical Mechanics (Newton): It describes the motion of a classical particle (discrete object). dp F ma, p = m = dt dx m dt F: force (N) a: acceleration

More information

QUANTUM MECHANICS Chapter 12

QUANTUM MECHANICS Chapter 12 QUANTUM MECHANICS Chapter 12 Colours which appear through the Prism are to be derived from the Light of the white one Sir Issac Newton, 1704 Electromagnetic Radiation (prelude) FIG Electromagnetic Radiation

More information

STSF2223 Quantum Mechanics I

STSF2223 Quantum Mechanics I STSF2223 Quantum Mechanics I What is quantum mechanics? Why study quantum mechanics? How does quantum mechanics get started? What is the relation between quantum physics with classical physics? Where is

More information

Chemistry 795T. Lecture 7. Electromagnetic Spectrum Black body Radiation. NC State University

Chemistry 795T. Lecture 7. Electromagnetic Spectrum Black body Radiation. NC State University Chemistry 795T Lecture 7 Electromagnetic Spectrum Black body Radiation NC State University Black body Radiation An ideal emitter of radiation is called a black body. Observation: that peak of the energy

More information

Chemistry 795T. Black body Radiation. The wavelength and the frequency. The electromagnetic spectrum. Lecture 7

Chemistry 795T. Black body Radiation. The wavelength and the frequency. The electromagnetic spectrum. Lecture 7 Chemistry 795T Lecture 7 Electromagnetic Spectrum Black body Radiation NC State University Black body Radiation An ideal emitter of radiation is called a black body. Observation: that peak of the energy

More information

Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom

Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom Electron Discharge tube (circa 1900 s) There is something ( cathode rays ) which is emitted by the cathode and causes glowing Unlike light, these rays are deflected

More information

Lecture 11 Atomic Structure

Lecture 11 Atomic Structure Lecture 11 Atomic Structure Earlier in the semester, you read about the discoveries that lead to the proposal of the nuclear atom, an atom of atomic number Z, composed of a positively charged nucleus surrounded

More information

An object capable of emitting/absorbing all frequencies of radiation uniformly

An object capable of emitting/absorbing all frequencies of radiation uniformly 1 IIT Delhi - CML 100:1 The shortfalls of classical mechanics Classical Physics 1) precise trajectories for particles simultaneous specification of position and momentum 2) any amount of energy can be

More information

The Death of Classical Physics. The Rise of the Photon

The Death of Classical Physics. The Rise of the Photon The Death of Classical Physics The Rise of the Photon A fundamental question: What is Light? James Clerk Maxwell 1831-1879 Electromagnetic Wave Max Planck 1858-1947 Photon Maxwell's Equations (1865) Maxwell's

More information

Chapter 27 Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom Discovery and Properties of the electron

Chapter 27 Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom Discovery and Properties of the electron Chapter 27 Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom 27-1 Discovery and Properties of the electron Measure charge to mass ratio e/m (J. J. Thomson, 1897) When apply magnetic field only, the rays are

More information

LECTURE 3 BASIC QUANTUM THEORY

LECTURE 3 BASIC QUANTUM THEORY LECTURE 3 BASIC QUANTUM THEORY Matter waves and the wave function In 194 De Broglie roosed that all matter has a wavelength and exhibits wave like behavior. He roosed that the wavelength of a article of

More information

Chapter 1 Early Quantum Phenomena

Chapter 1 Early Quantum Phenomena Chapter Early Quantum Phenomena... 8 Early Quantum Phenomena... 8 Photo- electric effect... Emission Spectrum of Hydrogen... 3 Bohr s Model of the atom... 4 De Broglie Waves... 7 Double slit experiment...

More information

QUANTUM MECHANICS AND MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY

QUANTUM MECHANICS AND MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY QUANTUM MECHANICS AND MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY CHEM 330 B. O. Owaga Classical physics Classical physics is based on three assumptions i. Predicts precise trajectory for particles with precisely specified

More information

Particles and Waves Particles Waves

Particles and Waves Particles Waves Particles and Waves Particles Discrete and occupy space Exist in only one location at a time Position and velocity can be determined with infinite accuracy Interact by collisions, scattering. Waves Extended,

More information

2.1- CLASSICAL CONCEPTS; Dr. A. DAYALAN, Former Prof & Head 1

2.1- CLASSICAL CONCEPTS; Dr. A. DAYALAN, Former Prof & Head 1 2.1- CLASSICAL CONCEPTS; Dr. A. DAYALAN, Former Prof & Head 1 QC-2 QUANTUM CHEMISTRY (Classical Concept) Dr. A. DAYALAN,Former Professor & Head, Dept. of Chemistry, LOYOLA COLLEGE (Autonomous), Chennai

More information

PHY 571: Quantum Physics

PHY 571: Quantum Physics PHY 571: Quantum Physics John Venables 5-1675, john.venables@asu.edu Spring 2008 Introduction and Background Topics Module 1, Lectures 1-3 Introduction to Quantum Physics Discussion of Aims Starting and

More information

Supplemental Activities. Module: Atomic Theory. Section: Electromagnetic Radiation and Matter - Key

Supplemental Activities. Module: Atomic Theory. Section: Electromagnetic Radiation and Matter - Key Supplemental Activities Module: Atomic Theory Section: Electromagnetic Radiation and Matter - Key Introduction to Electromagnetic Radiation Activity 1 1. What are the two components that make up electromagnetic

More information

Semiconductor Physics and Devices

Semiconductor Physics and Devices Introduction to Quantum Mechanics In order to understand the current-voltage characteristics, we need some knowledge of electron behavior in semiconductor when the electron is subjected to various potential

More information

CHE3935. Lecture 2. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics

CHE3935. Lecture 2. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics CHE3935 Lecture 2 Introduction to Quantum Mechanics 1 The History Quantum mechanics is strange to us because it deals with phenomena that are, for the most part, unobservable at the macroscopic level i.e.,

More information

Quantum Mechanics. Particle in a box All were partial answers, leading Schrödinger to wave mechanics

Quantum Mechanics. Particle in a box All were partial answers, leading Schrödinger to wave mechanics Chemistry 4521 Time is flying by: only 15 lectures left!! Six quantum mechanics Four Spectroscopy Third Hour exam Three statistical mechanics Review Final Exam, Wednesday, May 4, 7:30 10 PM Quantum Mechanics

More information

Chemistry 431. Lecture 1. Introduction Statistical Averaging Electromagnetic Spectrum Black body Radiation. NC State University

Chemistry 431. Lecture 1. Introduction Statistical Averaging Electromagnetic Spectrum Black body Radiation. NC State University Chemistry 431 Lecture 1 Introduction Statistical Averaging Electromagnetic Spectrum Black body Radiation NC State University Overview Quantum Mechanics Failure of classical physics Wave equation Rotational,

More information

Modern Physics. October 1, 2008

Modern Physics. October 1, 2008 Modern Physics V H Satheeshkumar Department of Physics Sri Bhagawan Mahaveer Jain College of Engineering Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura Road Bangalore 56 11, India. vhsatheeshkumar@gmail.com October 1,

More information

Electronic Structure of Atoms. Chapter 6

Electronic Structure of Atoms. Chapter 6 Electronic Structure of Atoms Chapter 6 Electronic Structure of Atoms 1. The Wave Nature of Light All waves have: a) characteristic wavelength, λ b) amplitude, A Electronic Structure of Atoms 1. The Wave

More information

General Physics (PHY 2140)

General Physics (PHY 2140) General Physics (PHY 2140) Lecture 27 Modern Physics Quantum Physics Blackbody radiation Plank s hypothesis http://www.physics.wayne.edu/~apetrov/phy2140/ Chapter 27 1 Quantum Physics 2 Introduction: Need

More information

1. Historical perspective

1. Historical perspective Atomic and Molecular Physics/Lecture notes presented by Dr. Fouad Attia Majeed/Third year students/college of Education (Ibn Hayyan)/Department of Physics/University of Babylon. 1. Historical perspective

More information

ugrad/361

ugrad/361 Quantum Mechanics and Atomic Physics Monday & Wednesday 1:40-3:00 SEC 209 http://www.physics.rutgers.edu/ugrad/361 Sean Oh ohsean@physics.rutgers.edu sics ed Serin W121 http://www.physics.rutgers.edu/

More information

Ch 7 Quantum Theory of the Atom (light and atomic structure)

Ch 7 Quantum Theory of the Atom (light and atomic structure) Ch 7 Quantum Theory of the Atom (light and atomic structure) Electromagnetic Radiation - Electromagnetic radiation consists of oscillations in electric and magnetic fields. The oscillations can be described

More information

is the minimum stopping potential for which the current between the plates reduces to zero.

is the minimum stopping potential for which the current between the plates reduces to zero. Module 1 :Quantum Mechanics Chapter 2 : Introduction to Quantum ideas Introduction to Quantum ideas We will now consider some experiments and their implications, which introduce us to quantum ideas. The

More information

The Photoelectric Effect

The Photoelectric Effect The Photoelectric Effect Light can strike the surface of some metals causing an electron to be ejected No matter how brightly the light shines, electrons are ejected only if the light has sufficient energy

More information

QUANTUM PHYSICS. Limitation: This law holds well only for the short wavelength and not for the longer wavelength. Raleigh Jean s Law:

QUANTUM PHYSICS. Limitation: This law holds well only for the short wavelength and not for the longer wavelength. Raleigh Jean s Law: Black body: A perfect black body is one which absorbs all the radiation of heat falling on it and emits all the radiation when heated in an isothermal enclosure. The heat radiation emitted by the black

More information

Planck s constant. Francesco Gonnella. Mauro Iannarelli Rosario Lenci Giuseppe Papalino

Planck s constant. Francesco Gonnella. Mauro Iannarelli Rosario Lenci Giuseppe Papalino Planck s constant Francesco Gonnella Mauro Iannarelli Rosario Lenci Giuseppe Papalino Ancient mechanics The speed of an object's motion is proportional to the force being applied. F = mv 2 Aristotle s

More information

WAVE NATURE OF LIGHT

WAVE NATURE OF LIGHT WAVE NATURE OF LIGHT Light is electromagnetic radiation, a type of energy composed of oscillating electric and magnetic fields. The fields oscillate perpendicular to each other. In vacuum, these waves

More information

Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure. Quantum Mechanics. Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure. 7.3 The Wave-Particle Duality of Matter and Energy

Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure. Quantum Mechanics. Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure. 7.3 The Wave-Particle Duality of Matter and Energy Chapter 7 Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure Chap 7-1 Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure 7.1 The Nature of Light 7.2 Atomic Spectra 7.3 The Wave-Particle Duality of Matter and Energy 7.4 The Quantum-Mechanical

More information

Chapter 7. Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure. Quantum Mechanics. Chap 7-1

Chapter 7. Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure. Quantum Mechanics. Chap 7-1 Chapter 7 Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure Chap 7-1 Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure 7.1 The Nature of Light 7.2 Atomic Spectra 7.3 The Wave-Particle Duality of Matter and Energy 7.4 The Quantum-Mechanical

More information

E n = n h ν. The oscillators must absorb or emit energy in discrete multiples of the fundamental quantum of energy given by.

E n = n h ν. The oscillators must absorb or emit energy in discrete multiples of the fundamental quantum of energy given by. Planck s s Radiation Law Planck made two modifications to the classical theory The oscillators (of electromagnetic origin) can only have certain discrete energies determined by E n = n h ν with n is an

More information

Lecture 8. > Blackbody Radiation. > Photoelectric Effect

Lecture 8. > Blackbody Radiation. > Photoelectric Effect Lecture 8 > Blackbody Radiation > Photoelectric Effect *Beiser, Mahajan & Choudhury, Concepts of Modern Physics 7/e French, Special Relativity *Nolan, Fundamentals of Modern Physics 1/e Serway, Moses &

More information

The Structure of the Atom Review

The Structure of the Atom Review The Structure of the Atom Review Atoms are composed of PROTONS + positively charged mass = 1.6726 x 10 27 kg NEUTRONS neutral mass = 1.6750 x 10 27 kg ELECTRONS negatively charged mass = 9.1096 x 10 31

More information

Lecture 4 Introduction to Quantum Mechanical Way of Thinking.

Lecture 4 Introduction to Quantum Mechanical Way of Thinking. Lecture 4 Introduction to Quantum Mechanical Way of Thinking. Today s Program 1. Brief history of quantum mechanics (QM). 2. Wavefunctions in QM (First postulate) 3. Schrodinger s Equation Questions you

More information

CHAPTER 27 Quantum Physics

CHAPTER 27 Quantum Physics CHAPTER 27 Quantum Physics Units Discovery and Properties of the Electron Planck s Quantum Hypothesis; Blackbody Radiation Photon Theory of Light and the Photoelectric Effect Energy, Mass, and Momentum

More information

Chapter 37 Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 37 Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 37 Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom Planck s Quantum Hypothesis; Blackbody Radiation Photon Theory of Light and the Photoelectric Effect Energy, Mass, and Momentum of a Photon Compton

More information

Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation Chapter 5. What is light? What is a wave? Radiation carries information

Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation Chapter 5. What is light? What is a wave? Radiation carries information Concepts: Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation Chapter 5 Electromagnetic waves Types of spectra Temperature Blackbody radiation Dual nature of radiation Atomic structure Interaction of light and matter

More information

Chapter 37 Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom

Chapter 37 Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom Chapter 37 Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom Units of Chapter 37 37-7 Wave Nature of Matter 37-8 Electron Microscopes 37-9 Early Models of the Atom 37-10 Atomic Spectra: Key to the Structure

More information

Chapter 27. Quantum Physics

Chapter 27. Quantum Physics Chapter 27 Quantum Physics Need for Quantum Physics Problems remained from classical mechanics that relativity didn t explain Blackbody Radiation The electromagnetic radiation emitted by a heated object

More information

Planck s Quantum Hypothesis Blackbody Radiation

Planck s Quantum Hypothesis Blackbody Radiation Planck s Quantum Hypothesis Blackbody Radiation The spectrum of blackbody radiation has been measured(next slide); it is found that the frequency of peak intensity increases linearly with temperature.

More information

Rutherford proposed this model of an atom: WHY DON T ELECTRONS GET ATTRACTED TO THE NUCLEUS?

Rutherford proposed this model of an atom: WHY DON T ELECTRONS GET ATTRACTED TO THE NUCLEUS? Rutherford proposed this model of an atom: WHY DON T ELECTRONS GET ATTRACTED TO THE NUCLEUS? Chapter 7 Much of the understanding of quantum theory came from our understanding of electromagnetic radiation.

More information

There are a number of experimental observations that could not be explained by classical physics. For our purposes, the main one include:

There are a number of experimental observations that could not be explained by classical physics. For our purposes, the main one include: Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Historical Background There are a number of experimental observations that could not be explained by classical physics. For our purposes, the main one include: The blackbody

More information

Blackbody Radiation. Rayleigh-Jeans law was an attempt to explain blackbody radiation based on classical ideas:

Blackbody Radiation. Rayleigh-Jeans law was an attempt to explain blackbody radiation based on classical ideas: Blackbody Radiation A Blackbody is an ideal system that absorbs all radiation incident on it. Emission of radiation by a blackbody is independent of the properties of its wall, but depends only on its

More information

Complementi di Fisica Lectures 3, 4

Complementi di Fisica Lectures 3, 4 Complementi di Fisica Lectures 3, 4 Livio Lanceri Università di Trieste Trieste, 3/8-10-015 Course Outline - Reminder Quantum Mechanics: an introduction Waves as particles and particles as waves (the crisis

More information

Gen. Phys. II Exam 4 - Chs. 27,28,29 - Wave Optics, Relativity, Quantum Physics Apr. 16, 2018

Gen. Phys. II Exam 4 - Chs. 27,28,29 - Wave Optics, Relativity, Quantum Physics Apr. 16, 2018 Gen. Phys. II Exam 4 - Chs. 27,28,29 - Wave Optics, Relativity, Quantum Physics Apr. 16, 2018 Rec. Time Name For full credit, make your work clear. Show formulas used, essential steps, and results with

More information

Atomic Structure. Standing Waves x10 8 m/s. (or Hz or 1/s) λ Node

Atomic Structure. Standing Waves x10 8 m/s. (or Hz or 1/s) λ Node Atomic Structure Topics: 7.1 Electromagnetic Radiation 7.2 Planck, Einstein, Energy, and Photons 7.3 Atomic Line Spectra and Niels Bohr 7.4 The Wave Properties of the Electron 7.5 Quantum Mechanical View

More information

Chemistry 4531 Spring 2009 QUANTUM MECHANICS 1890's I. CLASSICAL MECHANICS General Equations LaGrange Hamilton

Chemistry 4531 Spring 2009 QUANTUM MECHANICS 1890's I. CLASSICAL MECHANICS General Equations LaGrange Hamilton Chemistry 4531 Spring 2009 QUANTUM MECHANICS 1890's I. CLASSICAL MECHANICS General Equations LaGrange Hamilton Light: II. ELECTRICITY & MAGNETISM Maxwell's Equations III. THERMODYNAMICS Gibbs Helmholz

More information

CHEMISTRY Topic #1: Atomic Structure and Nuclear Chemistry Fall 2017 Dr. Susan Findlay See Exercises 3.1 to 3.3

CHEMISTRY Topic #1: Atomic Structure and Nuclear Chemistry Fall 2017 Dr. Susan Findlay See Exercises 3.1 to 3.3 CHEMISTRY 1000 Topic #1: Atomic Structure and Nuclear Chemistry Fall 2017 Dr. Susan Findlay See Exercises 3.1 to 3.3 Light: Wave? Particle? Both! Modern models of the atom were derived by studying the

More information

Bohr Model. In addition to the atomic line spectra of single electron atoms, there were other successes of the Bohr Model

Bohr Model. In addition to the atomic line spectra of single electron atoms, there were other successes of the Bohr Model Bohr Model In addition to the atomic line spectra of single electron atoms, there were other successes of the Bohr Model X-ray spectra Frank-Hertz experiment X-ray Spectra Recall the x-ray spectra shown

More information

Electronic structure of atoms

Electronic structure of atoms Chapter 1 Electronic structure of atoms light photons spectra Heisenberg s uncertainty principle atomic orbitals electron configurations the periodic table 1.1 The wave nature of light Much of our understanding

More information

Planck s constant. Francesco Gonnella Matteo Mascolo

Planck s constant. Francesco Gonnella Matteo Mascolo Planck s constant Francesco Gonnella Matteo Mascolo Aristotelian mechanics The speed of an object's motion is proportional to the force being applied. F = mv 2 Aristotle s trajectories 3 Issues of Aristotelian

More information

Complementi di Fisica Lectures 7-9

Complementi di Fisica Lectures 7-9 Complementi di Fisica Lectures 7-9 Livio Lanceri Università di Trieste Trieste, 07/09-10-2012 Course Outline - Reminder Quantum Mechanics: an introduction Waves as particles and particles as waves (the

More information

The Nature of Light I: Electromagnetic Waves Spectra Kirchoff s Laws Temperature Blackbody radiation

The Nature of Light I: Electromagnetic Waves Spectra Kirchoff s Laws Temperature Blackbody radiation The Nature of Light I: Electromagnetic Waves Spectra Kirchoff s Laws Temperature Blackbody radiation Electromagnetic Radiation (How we get most of our information about the cosmos) Examples of electromagnetic

More information

FI 3103 Quantum Physics

FI 3103 Quantum Physics FI 3103 Quantum Physics Alexander A. Iskandar Physics of Magnetism and Photonics Research Group Institut Teknologi Bandung General Information Lecture schedule 17 18 9136 51 5 91 Tutorial Teaching Assistant

More information

Properties of Light and Atomic Structure. Chapter 7. So Where are the Electrons? Electronic Structure of Atoms. The Wave Nature of Light!

Properties of Light and Atomic Structure. Chapter 7. So Where are the Electrons? Electronic Structure of Atoms. The Wave Nature of Light! Properties of Light and Atomic Structure Chapter 7 So Where are the Electrons? We know where the protons and neutrons are Nuclear structure of atoms (Chapter 2) The interaction of light and matter helps

More information

Table of Contents Electrons in Atoms > Light and Quantized Energy > Quantum Theory and the Atom > Electron Configuration

Table of Contents Electrons in Atoms > Light and Quantized Energy > Quantum Theory and the Atom > Electron Configuration Electrons in Atoms October 20, 2014 Table of Contents Electrons in Atoms > Light and Quantized Energy > Quantum Theory and the Atom > Electron Configuration 1 Electromagnetic Spectrum Electromagnetic radiation

More information

Historical Background of Quantum Mechanics

Historical Background of Quantum Mechanics Historical Background of Quantum Mechanics The Nature of Light The Structure of Matter Dr. Sabry El-Taher 1 The Nature of Light Dr. Sabry El-Taher 2 In 1801 Thomas Young: gave experimental evidence for

More information

10/17/11. Chapter 7. Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure. Amplitude (intensity) of a wave. Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure

10/17/11. Chapter 7. Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure. Amplitude (intensity) of a wave. Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure Chapter 7 7. The Nature of Light Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure 7. Atomic Spectra 7. The Wave-Particle Duality of Matter and Energy 7.4 The Quantum-Mechanical Model

More information

Learning Objectives and Worksheet I. Chemistry 1B-AL Fall 2016

Learning Objectives and Worksheet I. Chemistry 1B-AL Fall 2016 Learning Objectives and Worksheet I Chemistry 1B-AL Fall 2016 Lectures (1 2) Nature of Light and Matter, Quantization of Energy, and the Wave Particle Duality Read: Chapter 12, Pages: 524 526 Supplementary

More information

Chapter 39. Particles Behaving as Waves

Chapter 39. Particles Behaving as Waves Chapter 39 Particles Behaving as Waves 39.1 Electron Waves Light has a dual nature. Light exhibits both wave and particle characteristics. Louis de Broglie postulated in 1924 that if nature is symmetric,

More information

Complementi di Fisica Lectures 10, 11

Complementi di Fisica Lectures 10, 11 Complementi di Fisica Lectures 10, 11 Livio Lanceri Università di Trieste Trieste, 07/08-11-2006 Course Outline - Reminder The physics of semiconductor devices: an introduction Quantum Mechanics: an introduction

More information

Quantum Physics (PHY-4215)

Quantum Physics (PHY-4215) Quantum Physics (PHY-4215) Gabriele Travaglini March 31, 2012 1 From classical physics to quantum physics 1.1 Brief introduction to the course The end of classical physics: 1. Planck s quantum hypothesis

More information

Particle nature of light & Quantization

Particle nature of light & Quantization Particle nature of light & Quantization A quantity is quantized if its possible values are limited to a discrete set. An example from classical physics is the allowed frequencies of standing waves on a

More information

Physics 1C Lecture 29A. Finish off Ch. 28 Start Ch. 29

Physics 1C Lecture 29A. Finish off Ch. 28 Start Ch. 29 Physics 1C Lecture 29A Finish off Ch. 28 Start Ch. 29 Particle in a Box Let s consider a particle confined to a one-dimensional region in space. Following the quantum mechanics approach, we need to find

More information

ATOMIC STRUCTURE. Kotz Ch 7 & Ch 22 (sect 4,5)

ATOMIC STRUCTURE. Kotz Ch 7 & Ch 22 (sect 4,5) ATOMIC STRUCTURE Kotz Ch 7 & Ch 22 (sect 4,5) properties of light spectroscopy quantum hypothesis hydrogen atom Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle orbitals ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION subatomic particles (electron,

More information

Quantum Theory of the Atom

Quantum Theory of the Atom The Wave Nature of Light Quantum Theory of the Atom Electromagnetic radiation carries energy = radiant energy some forms are visible light, x rays, and radio waves Wavelength ( λ) is the distance between

More information

Chapter 6 Electronic structure of atoms

Chapter 6 Electronic structure of atoms Chapter 6 Electronic structure of atoms light photons spectra Heisenberg s uncertainty principle atomic orbitals electron configurations the periodic table 6.1 The wave nature of light Visible light is

More information

Quantum Chemistry I : CHEM 565

Quantum Chemistry I : CHEM 565 Quantum Chemistry I : CHEM 565 Lasse Jensen October 26, 2008 1 1 Introduction This set of lecture note is for the course Quantum Chemistry I (CHEM 565) taught Fall 2008. The notes are at this stage rather

More information

Introduction. Electromagnetic Waves. Electromagnetic Waves

Introduction. Electromagnetic Waves. Electromagnetic Waves Introduction Much of the information we know about electrons comes from studies of interactions of light and matter. In the early 1900 s, scientists discovered that light has properties of both a wave

More information

Preview. Atomic Physics Section 1. Section 1 Quantization of Energy. Section 2 Models of the Atom. Section 3 Quantum Mechanics

Preview. Atomic Physics Section 1. Section 1 Quantization of Energy. Section 2 Models of the Atom. Section 3 Quantum Mechanics Atomic Physics Section 1 Preview Section 1 Quantization of Energy Section 2 Models of the Atom Section 3 Quantum Mechanics Atomic Physics Section 1 TEKS The student is expected to: 8A describe the photoelectric

More information

The term "black body" was introduced by Gustav Kirchhoff in The light emitted by a black body is called black-body radiation.

The term black body was introduced by Gustav Kirchhoff in The light emitted by a black body is called black-body radiation. Black body (Redirected from Black-body radiation) As the temperature decreases, the peak of the black body radiation curve moves to lower intensities and longer wavelengths. The black-body radiation graph

More information

A Much Closer Look at Atomic Structure

A Much Closer Look at Atomic Structure Ideas We Will Clear Up Before You Graduate: WRONG IDEAS 1. The electron always behaves as a particle. BETTER SUPPORTED BY EXPERIMENTS 1. There s a wavelength associated with very small particles like the

More information

Early Quantum Theory & Models of the Atom (Ch 27) Discovery of electron. Blackbody Radiation. Blackbody Radiation. J. J. Thomson ( )

Early Quantum Theory & Models of the Atom (Ch 27) Discovery of electron. Blackbody Radiation. Blackbody Radiation. J. J. Thomson ( ) Early Quantum Theory & Models of the Atom (Ch 27) Discovery of electron Modern physics special relativity quantum theory J. J. Thomson (1856-1940) measured e/m directly set-up was similar to mass spectrometer

More information

Wavelength (λ)- Frequency (ν)- Which of the following has a higher frequency?

Wavelength (λ)- Frequency (ν)- Which of the following has a higher frequency? Name: Unit 5- Light and Energy Electromagnetic Spectrum Notes Electromagnetic radiation is a form of energy that emits wave-like behavior as it travels through space. Amplitude (a)- Wavelength (λ)- Which

More information

Electrons! Chapter 5

Electrons! Chapter 5 Electrons! Chapter 5 I.Light & Quantized Energy A.Background 1. Rutherford s nuclear model: nucleus surrounded by fast-moving electrons; no info on how electrons move, how they re arranged, or differences

More information

Einstein s Approach to Planck s Law

Einstein s Approach to Planck s Law Supplement -A Einstein s Approach to Planck s Law In 97 Albert Einstein wrote a remarkable paper in which he used classical statistical mechanics and elements of the old Bohr theory to derive the Planck

More information

WAVE PARTICLE DUALITY

WAVE PARTICLE DUALITY WAVE PARTICLE DUALITY Evidence for wave-particle duality Photoelectric effect Compton effect Electron diffraction Interference of matter-waves Consequence: Heisenberg uncertainty principle PHOTOELECTRIC

More information

Chapter 6 Electronic Structure of Atoms

Chapter 6 Electronic Structure of Atoms Chapter 6 Electronic Structure of Atoms What is the origin of color in matter? Demo: flame tests What does this have to do with the atom? Why are atomic properties periodic? 6.1 The Wave Nature of Light

More information

CHEM Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy

CHEM Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy CHEM 21112 Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy References: 1. Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy by C.N. Banwell 2. Physical Chemistry by P.W. Atkins Dr. Sujeewa De Silva Sub topics Light and matter

More information

Chapter 7 QUANTUM THEORY & ATOMIC STRUCTURE Brooks/Cole - Thomson

Chapter 7 QUANTUM THEORY & ATOMIC STRUCTURE Brooks/Cole - Thomson Chapter 7 QUANTUM THEORY & ATOMIC STRUCTURE 1 7.1 The Nature of Light 2 Most subatomic particles behave as PARTICLES and obey the physics of waves. Light is a type of electromagnetic radiation Light consists

More information

Waves and Particles. Photons. Summary. Photons. Photoeffect (cont d) Photoelectric Effect. Photon momentum: V stop

Waves and Particles. Photons. Summary. Photons. Photoeffect (cont d) Photoelectric Effect. Photon momentum: V stop Waves and Particles Today: 1. Photon: the elementary article of light.. Electron waves 3. Wave-article duality Photons Light is Quantized Einstein, 195 Energy and momentum is carried by hotons. Photon

More information

Problems with Classical Physics. Blackbody Radiation Photoelectric Effect Compton Effect Bohr Model of Atom

Problems with Classical Physics. Blackbody Radiation Photoelectric Effect Compton Effect Bohr Model of Atom The Quantum Gang Problems with Classical Physics Blackbody Radiation Photoelectric Effect Compton Effect Bohr Model of Atom Why this shape? Why the drop? Blackbody Radiation A black body is an ideal system

More information

Radiation - Electromagnetic Waves (EMR): wave consisting of oscillating electric and magnetic fields that move at the speed of light through space.

Radiation - Electromagnetic Waves (EMR): wave consisting of oscillating electric and magnetic fields that move at the speed of light through space. Radiation - Electromagnetic Waves (EMR): wave consisting of oscillating electric and magnetic fields that move at the speed of light through space. Photon: a quantum of light or electromagnetic wave. Quantum:

More information

Lecture 6 - Atomic Structure. Chem 103, Section F0F Unit II - Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure Lecture 6. Lecture 6 - Introduction

Lecture 6 - Atomic Structure. Chem 103, Section F0F Unit II - Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure Lecture 6. Lecture 6 - Introduction Chem 103, Section F0F Unit II - Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure Lecture 6 Light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation Light interacting with matter The properties of light and matter Lecture

More information

Chapter 7: The Quantum-Mechanical Model of the Atom

Chapter 7: The Quantum-Mechanical Model of the Atom C h e m i s t r y 1 A : C h a p t e r 7 P a g e 1 Chapter 7: The Quantum-Mechanical Model of the Atom Homework: Read Chapter 7. Work out sample/practice exercises Check for the MasteringChemistry.com assignment

More information

Quantum Mechanics (made fun and easy)

Quantum Mechanics (made fun and easy) Lecture 7 Quantum Mechanics (made fun and easy) Why the world needs quantum mechanics Why the world needs quantum mechanics Why the world needs quantum mechanics Why the world needs quantum mechanics Why

More information

Quantum Mysteries. Scott N. Walck. September 2, 2018

Quantum Mysteries. Scott N. Walck. September 2, 2018 Quantum Mysteries Scott N. Walck September 2, 2018 Key events in the development of Quantum Theory 1900 Planck proposes quanta of light 1905 Einstein explains photoelectric effect 1913 Bohr suggests special

More information

Lecture contents. Metals: Drude model Conductivity frequency dependence Plasma waves Difficulties of classical free electron model

Lecture contents. Metals: Drude model Conductivity frequency dependence Plasma waves Difficulties of classical free electron model Lecture contents Metals: Drude model Conductivity frequency deendence Plasma waves Difficulties of classical free electron model Paul Karl Ludwig Drude (German: [ˈdʀuːdə]; July, 863 July 5, 96) Phenomenology

More information

Chapter 6: The Electronic Structure of the Atom Electromagnetic Spectrum. All EM radiation travels at the speed of light, c = 3 x 10 8 m/s

Chapter 6: The Electronic Structure of the Atom Electromagnetic Spectrum. All EM radiation travels at the speed of light, c = 3 x 10 8 m/s Chapter 6: The Electronic Structure of the Atom Electromagnetic Spectrum V I B G Y O R All EM radiation travels at the speed of light, c = 3 x 10 8 m/s Electromagnetic radiation is a wave with a wavelength

More information

Chapter One. The Old Quantum Theory. 1-1 Why Quantum Mechanics.

Chapter One. The Old Quantum Theory. 1-1 Why Quantum Mechanics. Chapter One The Old Quantum Theory 1-1 Why Quantum Mechanics. The birth of quantum mechanics can be dated to 1925, when physicists such as Werner Heisenberg and Erwin Schrödinger invented mathematical

More information

11 Quantum theory: introduction and principles

11 Quantum theory: introduction and principles Part 2: Structure Quantum theory: introduction and principles Solutions to exercises E.b E.2b E.3b E.4b E.5b E.6b Discussion questions A successful theory of black-body radiation must be able to explain

More information

Electromagnetic Radiation.

Electromagnetic Radiation. Electromagnetic Radiation http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/astropix.html CLASSICALLY -- ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION Classically, an electromagnetic wave can be viewed as a self-sustaining wave of electric and magnetic

More information

CHAPTER 3 The Experimental Basis of Quantum

CHAPTER 3 The Experimental Basis of Quantum CHAPTER 3 The Experimental Basis of Quantum 3.1 Discovery of the X Ray and the Electron 3.2 Determination of Electron Charge 3.3 Line Spectra 3.4 Quantization 3.5 Blackbody Radiation 3.6 Photoelectric

More information

Theoretical Biophysics. Quantum Theory and Molecular Dynamics. Pawel Romanczuk WS 2017/18

Theoretical Biophysics. Quantum Theory and Molecular Dynamics. Pawel Romanczuk WS 2017/18 Theoretical Biophysics Quantum Theory and Molecular Dynamics Pawel Romanczuk WS 2017/18 http://lab.romanczuk.de/teaching/ 1 Introduction Two pillars of classical theoretical physics at the begin of 20th

More information

Blackbody radiation The photoelectric effect Compton effect Line spectra Nuclear physics/bohr model Lasers Quantum mechanics

Blackbody radiation The photoelectric effect Compton effect Line spectra Nuclear physics/bohr model Lasers Quantum mechanics Blackbody radiation The photoelectric effect Compton effect Line spectra Nuclear physics/bohr model Lasers Quantum mechanics Phys 2435: Chap. 38, Pg 1 Blackbody radiation New Topic Phys 2435: Chap. 38,

More information

Modern Physics (Lec. 1)

Modern Physics (Lec. 1) Modern Physics (Lec. 1) Physics Fundamental Science Concerned with the fundamental principles of the Universe Foundation of other physical sciences Has simplicity of fundamental concepts Divided into five

More information